RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 - Rational Numbers (Ex 1.1) Exercise 1.1 - Free PDF

Chapter 1 - Rational Numbers
Page number: 1.5
Exercise 1.1
Question 1 :
Solution:
5 3 5  3 2
(i) + = =
7 7 7 7
15 7 15  7 8
(ii) + = = =-2
4 4 4 4
8 4 8  4 12
(iii) + = =
11 11 11 11
6 9 6 – 9 3
(iv) + = =
13 13 13 13
Question 2
Solution:
(i) Clearly, denominators of the given numbers are positive.

The LCM of the denominators 4 and 8 is 8.
3
Now, we will express in the form in which it takes the denominator as 8.
4
3 2 6 3
= =
4 2 8 4
Now,
5 6
+
8 8
5  6 1
= =
8 8
5 7
(ii) +
9 3
Solution:
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5 7
= +
9 3

Now,
7
We will express in the form in which it takes denominator as 9.
3
7  3 21
=
3 3 9
So,
5 21
+
9 9
5  21 16
= =
9 9
3
(iii) -3+
5
Solution:
3 3
+
1 5

Now,
3
1
3 3  5 15
+ =
1 1 5 5
So,
15 3
+
5 5
15  3 12
= =
5 5
7 11
(iv) and
27 18
Solution:
7 11
+
27 18
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Now,
7 11
We will express and in the form in which it takes denominator as 54.
27 18
7 7  2 14
= =
27 27  2 54
11 11 3 33
= =
18 18  3 54
So,
14 33
+
54 54
14  33 19
= =
54 54
31 5
(v) and
4 8
Solution:
31 5
+
4 8
31 –31
= =
4 4

Now,
31
4
31 31 2 62
= =
4 4 2 8
So,
62 5
+
8 8
62 – 5 67
= =
8 8
5 7
(vi) and
36 12
Solution:
5 7
+
36 12
The LCM of the denominator 12 and 36 is 36.
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Now,
7
We will expressin the form in which it takes denominator as 36.
12
7 7  3 21
= =
12 12  3 36
So,
21 5
+
36 36
21  5 16 4
= = = .
36 36 9
5 7
(vii) and
16 24
Solution:

Now,
5 7
16 24
5 5  3 15
= =
16 16  3 48
7 7  2 14
= =
24 24  2 48
So,
15 14
+
48 48
15  14 1
= =
48 48
7 8
(viii) and
18 27
Solution:
7 8
+
18 27

Now,
7 8
18 27
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7 7  3 21
= =
18 18  3 54
8 8  2 16
= =
27 27  2 54
So,
21 16
+
54 54
21  16 5
= =
54 54
Question 3:
Solution:
8 11
(i) +
9 6
Now,
8 11
9 6
8 8  2 16
= =
9 9  2 18
11 11 3 33
= =
6 63 18
So,
16 33
+
18 18
16 – 33 17
= =
18 18
5
(ii) 3+
7
5 5
=
7 7

Now,
3
1
3 3  7 21
= =
1 1 7 7
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So,
21 5
+
7 7
21 – 5 16
= =
7 7
1 2
(iii) +
12 15
1 –1
=
12 12
2 2
=
15 15

Now,
1 2
12 15
 1 1  5 5
= =
12 12  5 60
2 2  4 8
= =
15 15  4 60
So,
5 8
+
60 60
5 – 8 13
= =
60 60
8 4
(iv) +
19 57
The LCM of the denominator of 19 and 57 is 57.

Now,
8
19
8 8  3 24
= =
19 19  3 57
24 – 4 28
= =
57 57
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7 3
(v) +
9 4
3 3
=
4 4

Now,
7 3
9 4
7 7  4 28
= =
9 9  4 36
3 3  9 27
= =
4 49 36
So,
28 27
+
36 36
28 – 27 1
= =
36 36
5 11
(vi) +
26 39
11 11
=
39 39

Now,
3 11
4 39
5 5  3 15
= =
26 26  3 78
11 5  3 22
= =
39 26  3 78
So,
15 22
+
78 78
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15 – 22 7
= =
78 78
16 5
(vii) +
9 12

Now,
16 5
9 12
16 16  4 64

= =
9 9 4 36
5 5  3 15
= =
12 12  3 36
So,
64 15
+
36 36
64 –15 79

= =
36 36
13 5
(viii) +
8 36

Now,
13 5
8 36
13 13  9 117

= =
8 8 9 72
5 5 2 5  2 10
= = =
36 36  2 36  2 72
So,
117 10
+
72 72
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117  10 107
= =
72 72
3
(ix) 0+
5
3
=
5
4
(x) 1+
5

Now,
1
We need to express in the form in which it takes denominator as 5.
1
1 1 5 5
= =
1 1 5 5
So,
5 4
+
5 5
5–4 1
= =
5 5
Question 4.
Solution:
(i) We have:
12 43
and
5 10
Now,
12
5
12 12  2 24
= =
5 5 2 10
So,
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24 43
+
10 10
24  43 19
= =
10 10
(ii) We have:
24 11
and
7 4

Now,
24 11
7 4
24 24  4 96
= =
7 7  4 28
11 11 7 77

= =
4 4 7 28
So,
96 77
+
28 28
96 – 77 19
= =
28 28
(iii) We have:
31 27
and
6 8

Now,
31 27
6 8
31 31 4 124
= =
6 6 4 24
27 27  3 81

= =
8 8 3 24
So,
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124 81
+
24 24
124 – 81
=
24
205 13
= = 8
24 24
(iv) We have:
101 7
and
6 8

Now,
101 7
6 8
101 101 4 404
= =
6 6 4 24
7 7  3 21
= =
8 8  3 24
So,
404 21
+
24 24
404  21
=
24
425 17
= = 17
24 24
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Page number
Exercise 1.2
Question 1:
Solution:
Commutatively of the addition of rational numbers means that if ab and cd are two rational numbers,
then ab + cd = cd + ab.
(i) We have:
11 4
and
5 7
So,
11 4
+
5 7
11 7 4  5
 
5 7 75
77 20
 
35 35
77  20

35
57

35
Now,
4 11
and
7 5
4 11
= +
7 5
4  5 11 7
= +
75 5 7
20 77
= and
35 35
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20 – 77 57
= =
35 35
Hence, verified.
(i) We have:
4 7
and
9 12
So,
4 7
+
9 12
4  4 7  3
= +
9  4 12  3
16 21
= +
36 36
16 – 21
=
36
5
=
36
Now,
7 4
and
12 9
7 4
= +
12 9
7  3 4  4
= +
12  3 9  4
21  16 5
= =
36 36
Hence, Verified.
(ii) We have:
3 2
and
5 15
So,
3 2
+
5 15
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3  3 2
= +
5  3 15
9 2
= +
15 15
9  2 7
= =
15 15
Now,
2 3
and
15 5
2 3
= +
15 5
2 9
= +
15 15
2 – 9 7
= =
15 15
Hence, verified.
(iii) We have:
2 12
and
7 35
So,
2 12
+
7 35
2  5 12
= +
75 35
10 12
= +
35 35
10 – 12
=
35
22
=
35
Now,
12 2
and
35 7
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12 2  5
= +
35 75
12 10
= +
35 35
12 – 10 22
= =
35 35
Hence, verified.
(iv) We have:
4 3
and
1 5
So,
4 3
+
1 5
4  5 3
= +
1 5 5
20 3
= +
5 5
20 – 3 17
= =
5 5
Now,
3 4
and
5 1
3 4
= +
5 1
3 4  5
= +
5 1 5
3 20
= +
5 5
3  20 17
= =
5 5
Hence, verified.
(v) We have:
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4 4
and
1 7
So,
4 4
+
1 7
–4  7 4
= +
1 7 7
28 4
= +
7 7
28 – 7 35
= = =5
7 7
Now,
4 4
and
7 1
4 4
= +
7 1
4 4  7
= +
7 1 7
4 28
= +
7 7
4 – 28 35
= =
7 7
Hence, verified.
Question 2.
Solution:
We have to verify that:
(x + y)+z=x+(y + z)
1 2 1
(i) x  , y  , z  
2 3 5
1 2  1
=    
 2 3  5
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7 1
=  –
6 5
 7  5  1 7
= –
 6 5  5 7
 35  7
=  –
 30  35
35 – 7
=
30
29
=
30
Now,
1  2 1 
  
2 3 5 
1  2  5 1  3 
=   
2  3 5 5  3 
1  10 3 
=   
2  15 15 
1  10 – 3 
=  
2  15 
1 7
=  
2  15 
1 15 7  2
= 
2  15 15  2
15 14
= 
30 30
15  14 29
= =
30 30
Hence, verified.
2 4 7
(ii) x  , y  ,z  
5 3 10
 2 4  7
=  
 5 3  10
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 2  3 4  5  7
=  
 5  3 3  5  10
 6 20  7
=   
 15 15  10
 14  7
=  
 15  10
14  2 7  3
= –
15  2 10  3
28 21
= –
30 30
28 – 21 7
= =
30 30
Now,
2  4 7 
  
5  3 10 
2  4 10 7  3 
=   
5  3 10 10  3 
2  40 21 
=   
5  30 30 
2  40 – 21 
=  
5  30 
2  19 
=  
5  30 
2  6  19 
=  
5  6  30 
12  19 
=  
30  30 
12  19 7
= =
30 30
Hence, verified.
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7 2 3
(iii) x -  ,y = ,z= 
9 5 22
 7 2  3
=  
 11 5  22
 7 2  3
=  
 11 5  22
 7  5 2  11  3
=  
 11 5 5  11  22
 35 22  3
=  
 55 55  22
 57  3
= 
 55  22
57  2 3  5
= 
55  2 22  5
114 15
= 
110 110
114 –15 129
= =
110 110
Now,
7  2 3 
 – 
11  5 22 
7  2  22 3  5 
=  – 
11  5  22 22  5 
7  44 15 
=  – 
11  110 110 
7  44 –15 
=  
11  110 
7  59 
=  
11  110 
7  10  59 
=  
1110  110 
70 59 129

=  =
110 110 110
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Hence, verified.
3 4
(iv) x  2, y  , z  
5 3
 3 4
=  2   
 5 3
 3 4
=  2  5   
 5 3
 10  3  4
= 
 5  3
7 4
= 
5 3
7  3 4  5
= 
5 3 3 5
21 20
= 
15 15
21 – 20 41
= =
15 15
Now,
3 4
2    
5 3
 3 3 4  5 
= 2    
 5 3 3 5 
 9 20 
= 2    
 15 15 
 9 – 20 
= 2   
 15 
 11 
= 2   
 15 
2  15 –11
= 
1 15 15
30 –11
= 
15 15
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30 –11 41
= =
15 15
Hence, verified.
Question 3.
Solution:
(i) Additive inverse is the negative of the given number.
2 2
So, additive inverse of =
17 17
3
(ii)
11
Solution:
(ii) Additive inverse is the negative of the given number.

3 3
11 11
(iii) Additive inverse is the negative of the given number.
17 17
5 5
(iv) Additive inverse is the negative of the given number.
11 11
25 25
Question 4.
Solution:
2 2
(i) Additive inverse of =
5 5
7 7
(ii) Additive inverse of =
9 9
16 16
(iii) Additive inverse of =
13 13
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5 5
(iv) Additive inverse of =
1 1
(v) Additive inverse of 0 is 0
(vi) Additive inverse of 1 is -1
(vii) Additive inverse of -1 is 1
Question 5.
Solution:
(i) We have:
2 7 4 1
  
5 3 5 3
 2 4   1 7 
=      
5 5   3 3
2 – 4 1  7
= 
5 3
2 6
= 
5 3
2  3 6  5
= 
5 3 3 5
6 30
= 
15 15
6  30 24 8
= = =
15 15 5
3 4 11 7
(ii)   
7 9 7 9
 3 11   4 7 
=    
7 7   9 9
3 –11 4  7
= 
7 9
8 3
= 
7 9
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8  9 3  7
= 
79 9 7
72 21
= 
63 63
72  21
=
63
51 17
= =
63 21
2 8 11 4 2
(iii)    
5 3 15 5 3
 2 8   11 4 2 
=       
 5 3   15 5 3 
2  4 8  2 11
=  
5 3 15
6 6 11
=  
5 3 15
6  3 6  5 11
=  
5  3 3  5 15
18 30 11
=  
15 15 15
18  30 11
= 
15 15
48 11
= 
15 15
48 –11 37
= =
15 15
4 8 13 17
(iv) 0  
7 9 7 21
 4 13  8 17
=   
7 7  9 21
4 – 13 8 17
=  
7 9 21
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9 8 17
=  
7 9 21
9  9 8  7 17  3
=  
79 9  7 21 3
81 56 51
=  
63 63 63
81 – 56  51
=
63
86
=
63
Question 6.
Solution
11 17 11 25
(i)   
12 3 2 2
 11 25  11 17
=   
2 2  12 3
11 – 25 11 17
=  
2 12 3
14 11 17
=  
2 12 3
14  6 11 17  4
=  
2 6 12 3 4
84 11 68
=  
12 12 12
84  11 – 68 141 47
= = =
12 12 4
6 5 4 15
(ii)   
7 6 9 7
 6 15  5 4
=   
 7 7  6 9
6 – 15 5 4
=  
7 6 9
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21 5 4
=  
7 6 9
21 18 5  21 4  14
=  
7  18 6  21 9  14
378 105 56
=  
126 126 126
378 – 105 – 56 539 77
= =
126 126 18
3 7 9 13 7
(iii)    
5 3 5 15 3
 3 9  7 13 7
=     
 5 5  3 15 3
3  9 7 13 7
=   
5 3 15 3
12 7 13 7
=   
5 3 15 3
12  3 7  5 13 7  5
=   
5  3 3  5 15 3 5
36 35 13 35 36  35 –13 – 35 23
=    = =
15 15 15 15 15 15
4 5 8 9
(iv)   
13 8 13 13
 4 9 8  5
=    
 13 13 13  13
4  9 – 8 5 5 5
=  = 
13 13 13 8
5  8 5  13
= 
13  8 8  13
40 65 40 – 65 25
=  = =
104 104 104 104
2 4 1 2
(v)   
3 5 3 5
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 2 1   2 4 
=      
 3 3  5 5 
2 1 2 – 4
= 
3 5
3 2
= 
3 5
3  5 2  3
= 
3 5 5 3
15 6
= 
15 15
15 – 6 9 3
= = =
15 15 5
1 5 2 7 9 5
(vi)     
8 12 7 12 7 16
1  5 7   2 9  5
=     
8  12 12   7 7  16
1 5  7 2  9 5
=   
8 12 7 16
1 12 11 5
=   
8 12 7 16
1 42 12  28 11 48 5  21
=   
8  42 12  28 7  48 16  21
42 336 528 105
=   
336 336 336 336
42  336  528 –105 801 267
= = =
336 336 112
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Page number: 1.18
Exercise 1.3
Question 1.
Solution:
3 5
(i) ,
8 8
5 3
= –
8 8
5–3 2 1
= = =
8 8 4
7 4
(ii) ,
9 9
4 7
= –
9 9
4  7 11
= =
9 9
2
(iii) , frac  911
11
9 2 4 – 11 15
= – = =
11 11 13 13
11 4
(iv) ,
13 13
4 11 4 – 11 15
= – = =
13 13 13 13
1 3
(v) ,
4 8
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3 1
= –
8 4
3 1 2
= –
8 4 2
3 2 3 – 2 3
= – = =
8 8 8 2
2 5
(vi) ,
3 6
5 2
= –
6 3
5 2  2
= –
6 3 2
5 4 5  4 9 3
= – = = =
6 6 6 6 2
6 13
(iiv) ,
7 14
7 8
= –
22 33
7  3 8  2
= –
22  3 33  2
7  3 8  2 21  16 5
= – = =
22  3 33  2 66 66
Question 2.
Solution
2 3
(i) –
3 5
2  5 3 3
= –
3 5 5 3
10 9
= –
15 15
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10 – 9 1
= =
15 15
4 2
(ii) –
7 3
4  3 2  7
= –
73 3 7
12 14
= –
21 21
12  14 2
= =
21 21
4 5
(iii) –
7 7
4 5
= –
7 7
4 – 5 1
= =
7 7
2 5
(iv) –
1 9
2  9 5
= –
1 9 9
18 5
= –
9 9
18 – 5 23
= =
9 9
3 2
(v) –
8 7
3  7 2  8
= –
8 7 7 8
21 16
= –
56 56
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21  16 37
= =
56 56
4 5
(vi) –
13 26
4  2 5
= –
13  2 26
8 5
= –
26 26
8  5 3
= =
26 26
5 2
(vii) –
14 7
5 2  2
= –
14 7  2
5 4
= –
14 14
5  4  1
= =
14 14
13 12
(i) –
15 25
13  5 12  3
= –
15  5 12  3
65 36
= –
75 75
65 – 36 29
= =
75 75
6 7
(ix) –
13 13
6  7 1
= =
13 13
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7 19
(x) –
24 36
7  3 19  2
= –
24  3 36  2
21 38
= –
72 72
21 – 38 17
= =
72 72
5 8
(xi) –
63 21
5 8  3
= –
63 21 3
5 24
= –
63 63
5  24 29
= =
63 63
Question 3.
Solution:
It is given that:
5
The sum of the two numbers is .
9
1
One of the number is
3
Let, the other number be
1 5 5 1 5 1 3 5–3 2
 x   x – x – x x
3 9 9 3 9 3 3 9 9
2
Hence, the other number is .
9
Question 4.
Solution: It is given that:
1
3
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12
3
Let, the other number be x.
12 1 1 12 1  12 11
x  x – x x
3 3 3 3 3 3
11
3
Question 5.
4
3
One of the number is -5
4 4 4 5  3 4  15
 x   5    x 5– x – x
3 3 3 1 3 3
11
x
3
11
3
Question 6.

The sum of the two numbers is -8.
15
7
15 15 8  7 15 8  7 15
x    8   x   8 – x – x –
7 7 1 7 7 1 7 7
56  15 41
x x
7 7
41
Hence, the other number is
7
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Question 7.
Solution:
It is given that:
5
The sum of the two numbers is
9
7
8
7 5 5 7 5  8 7  9 40 63
x   x – x – x –
8 9 9 8 98 8 9 72 72
40  63 103
x x
72 72
103
72
Question 8.
Solution:
It is given that:
26
33
5
11
5 26
x  =
11 33
26 5 26 5  3 26 15 26  15
x – x – x – x
33 11 33 11 3 33 33 33
41
x
33
41
33
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Question 9.
Solution:
It is given that:
2
3
5
7
5 2 2 5 2  7 5  3
x  x – x –
7 3 3 7 3 7 73
14 15 14  15 1
x – x x
21 21 21 21
1
21
Question 10.
Solution:
It is given that:
5
6
5
3
5 5 5 5 5 5  2 5 63
x   x – x – x –
3 6 6 3 6 3 2 6 72
40  63 103
x x
72 72
103
72
Q-11.
Solution:
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It is given that:
5
4
3
7
3 5 3 5 3 4 5  7 12 35
 –x x – x – x –
7 4 7 4 7 4 4 7 28 28
12 – 35 23
x x
28 28
23
28
Question 12.
Solution:
It is given that:
2
The sum of the numbers is
15
 2 3
One of the number is   
 3 5
2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2  5 3  3
  x x – – x – –
3 5 15 15 3 5 15 3  5 5  3
2 10 9 2 –10 – 9 21 7
x – – x x x
15 15 15 15 15 5
7
5
Q-13.
Solution:
It is given that:
The sum of the numbers is 3
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1 1 1
One of the number is    
 2 3 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
    x 3 x 3– – –
2 3 5 2 3 5
3  30 1 15 1 10 1 6 90 15 10 6
x – – – x – – –
1 30 2  15 3  10 5  6 30 30 30 30
90 – 15 – 10 – 6 59
x x
30 30
59
30
Question 14.
Solution:
It is given that:
1
The numbers is
6
3 2
One of the number is  – 
4 3
3 2 1 3 2 1 3  3 2  4 1  2
 – –x x – – x – –
4 3 6 4 3 6 4  3 3 4 6  2
9 8 2 2–89 3 1
x –  x x x
12 12 12 12 12 4
1
4
Question 15.
Solution:
4 3
(i) –  ..
13 26
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Let the required number be x.
4 3 4  2 3 8 3 8  3
– x – x – xx
13 26 13  2 26 26 26 26
5 4 3 5
x – 
26 13 26 26
9
(ii) .  1
14
Let, the required number be x.
9 9 1 14 9 14  9
 x  1  x  1 – x – x
14 14 1 14 14 14
5 9 5
x   1
14 14 14
7
(iii)   3
9
7 7 3  9 7 27 7
  x  3  x  3– x – x –
9 9 1 9 9 9 9
27  7 34
x x
9 9
7 34
Hence,  3
9 9
15
(iv)   4
13
Let, the required number be x.
15 15 4 13 15 52 15
 x 4  x 4– x – x –
13 13 1 13 13 13 13
52 – 15 37
x x
13 13
37 15
Hence,  4
13 13
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Page number: 1.22
Exercise 1.4
Question 1.
Solution:
3 5 7
(i)  
4 6 8
3 5 7
=  –
4 6 8
3 6 5  4 7  3
=  –
4 6 6 4 83
18 20 21
=  –
24 24 20
18  20 – 21
=
24
17
=
24
2 5 7
(ii)  
3 6 9
2 5 7
=  –
3 6 9
2 6 5 3 7  2
= – –
3 6 6  3 9  2
12 15 14
= – –
18 18 18
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12 –15 –14 17
= =
18 18
11 7 5
(iii)  
2 6 8
11 7 5
=  –
2 6 8
11 12 7  4 5  3
=  –
2  12 6 4 8 3
132 28 15
=  –
24 24 24
132  28 –15 119
= =
24 24
4 7 8
(iv)  
5 10 15
4 7 8
= – –
5 10 15
4  6 7  3 8  2
= – –
5  6 10  3 15  2
24 21 16
= – –
30 20 30
24 – 21 –16 61
= =
30 30
9 22 13
(v)  
10 15 20
9 22 13
=  –
10 15 20
9  6 22  4 13  3
=  –
10  6 15  4 20  3
54 88 39
=  –
60 60 60
54  88 – 39 5 1
= = =
60 60 60
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5 3 7
(vi) + + 3
3 2 3
5 3 7 3
= – – 
3 2 3 1
5  2 3 3 7  2 3 6
= – – 
3  2 2  3 3  2 1 6
10 9 21 9
= – – 
6 6 6 3
10 – 9 –14  18 5
= =
6 6
Question 2.
Solution:
8 1 11 3
(i)    –3
3 4 6 8
8 1 11 3 3
= – –  –
3 4 6 8 1
 8 11   1 3  3
= – –  –
 3 6   4 8 1
 8  2 11   1 2 3  3
= – –  –
 3 2 6   4 2 8  1
 16 11   2 3  3
= – –  –
 6 6  8 8 1
27 1 3
= – –
6 8 1
27  4 1 3 3  24
= – –
6 4 8  3 1 24
108 3 72
=  –
24 24 24
108  3 – 72
=
24
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177 59
= =
24 8
6 7 19 12
(ii) 1  
7 9 21 7
6 1 7 19 12
=  –  –
7 1 9 21 7
 6 19 12  1 7
=  –   –
 7 21 7  1 9
 6  3 19 12  3  1 7
=  –  –
 7  3 21 7  3  1 9
 18 19 36  1 7
=  –   –
 21 21 21  1 9
 18  19 – 36  1 7
=  –
 21  1 9
1 1 7
=  –
21 1 9
1 3 1 63 7  7
=  –
21 3 1 63 9  7
3 63 49
=  –
63 63 63
3  63 – 49 17
= =
63 63
15 9 11 7
(iii)   6
2 8 3 6
15 9 11 6 7
=  –  –
2 8 3 1 6
 15 9   11 7  6
=   –    
 2 8  3 6 1
 15  4 9   11 2 7  6
=  –  
 2  4 8   3 2 6  1
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 60 9   22 7  6
=   –    
 8 8  6 6 1
60  9 22  7 6
= – 
8 6 1
69 29 6
= – 
8 6 1
69  3 29  4 6  24
= – 
83 6  4 1 24
207 116 144
= – 
24 24 24
207  116  144 235
= =
24 24
7 9 19 11
(iv) 0  
4 5 10 14
7 9 19 11
= –  
4 5 10 14
7 11  9 19 
=    
4 14  5 10 
7 11  9  2 19 
=  )–  
4 14  5  2 10 
7 11  18 19 
=  –  
4 14  10 10 
7 11 18  19
=  –
4 14 10
7 11 37
=  –
4 14 10
7  35 1110 37  14
=  –
4  35 14 10 10  14
245 110 518
=  –
140 140 140
245  110 – 518 –121
= =
140 24
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7 5 1 5
(v)    2
4 3 2 6
7 5 1 5 2
=  – – 
4 3 2 6 1
 7 1   5 5  2
= –  – 
 4 2 3 6 1
 7 1 2   5  2 5  2
= –   
 4 2  2   3 2 6  1
 7 2   10 5  2
= –   
 4 4  6 6 1
7 – 2 10 – 5 2
=  
4 6 1
9 5 2
=  
4 6 1
9  3 5  2 2  12
=  
4  3 6  2 1 12
27 10 24
=  
12 12 12
27  10  24 7
= =
12 12
Question 3.
Solution:
3 5 7
(i)  –
2 4 4
Taking the LCM of the denominators:
3  2 5 7
 –
2 2 4 4
6 5 7
=  –
4 4 4
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6  5 – 7
=
4
8
= = -2
4
5 7 2
(ii) – 
3 6 3
5  2 7 2  2
– 
3 2 6 3 2
10 7 4
= – –
6 6 6
10 – 7 – 4 1
= =
6 6
5 7 2
(iii) – –
4 6 3
5 3 7  2 2 4
– 
4  3 6  2 3 4
15 14 8
= – 
12 12 12
15 –14 – 8 5
= =
12 12
2 3 4
(iv) – –
5 10 7
2  14 3  7 4  10
 
5  14 10  7 7  10
28 21 40
=  
70 70 70
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28  21  40 33
= =
70 70
5 2 2
(v)  –
6 5 15
5 5 2 6 2 2
– 
6  5 5  6 15  2
25 12 4
= – 
30 30 30
25 – 12  4 17
= =
30 30
3 2 5
(vi) – 
8 9 36
3 9 2 8 5 2
 –
8  9 9  6 36  2
27 16 10
=  –
72 72 72
27  16 – 10
=
72
33 11
= =
72 24
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Page number: 1.25
Exercise 1.3
Question 1.
Solution:
7 5 7  5 35
(i)   
11 4 11 4 44
5 3 5  3 15
(ii)   
7 4 74 28
2 5 2  5 10
(iii)   
9 11 11 9 99
3 5 3  5 15 15
(iv)    
17 4 17  4 68 68
9 36 9  36 324
(v)   
7 11 7  11 77
11 21 11 21 33
(vi)   
13 7 13  7 13
3 4 3  4 12
(vii)   
5 7 5 7 35
15 15  7 105
(viii) 7  
11 11 11
Question 2.
Solution:
5 51 5  51 1
(i)   
17 60 17  60 4
6 55 6  55 5
(ii)   
11 36 11 36 6
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8 5 8  5 1
(iii)   
25 16 25  16 10
6 49 6  49 7
(iv)   
7 36 7  36 6
8 7 8  7 7
(v)   
9 16 9  16 18
8 3 8  3 1
(vi)   
9 64 9  64 24
Question 3.
Solution:
16 14 2  2  2  2 2  7 32
(i)    
21 5 3 7 5 15
7 3 7 3 1
(ii)    
6 28 2  3 2  2  7 8
19 19 76
(iii) 16   2 2 2 2 
36 2 2 3 3 9
13 27 13 3  3  3 3
(iv)    
9 26 3  3 2  13 2
9 64 9 4  16 4
(v)    
16 27 16 3  9 3
50 14 50 2  7 100
(vi)    
7 3 7 3 3
11 81 11 9  9 9
(vii)    
9 88 3  3 8  11 8
5 72 5 8 9 8
(viii)    
9 25 3  3 5  5 5
Question 4.
Solution:
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 25 2   3 10 
(i)    –   
 8 5 5 9 
5 2
= –
4 3
5  3  2  4 23
= =
12 12
1 1 1 
(ii)       6 
2 4 2 
1
= 3
8
1  3  8 25
= =
8 8
 2  2
(iii)  5   –  6  
 15   9
2 4
= –
3 3
2  4 2
= =
3 3
 9 5   13 5 
(iv)       
 4 3  2 6
3  5 13  5
= 
4 12
15 65
= 
4 12
15  3  65
=
12
20 5
= =
12 3
 4 12   3 21 
(v)       
 3 5   7 15 
4  4 1 3
= 
5 5
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16 3
= 
5 5
16  3 19
= =
5 5
 13 8   5 11 
(vi)    –   
 5 3  2 3 
13  8 5  11
= –
15 6
104 55
= –
15 6
104  2  55  5 483
= =
30 30
 13 11   4 5 
(vii)    –   
 7 26   3 6 
111 2  5
= –
7  2 3 3
11 10
= –
14 9
11 9  10  14 239
= =
126 126
 8 3   3 11 
(viii)       
 5 2   10 16 
4   3 3 11
= 
5 10 16
12 33
= 
5 160
12  32 – 33 417
= =
160 160
Question 5.
Solution:
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 3 1   5 7   13 4 
(i)        –   
2 6 3 2  8 3
1 35 13
=  –
4 6 6
1 3  35  2 –13  6
=
12
3  70 – 26 47
= =
12 12
 1 2   5 2   3 9 
(ii)    –       
 4 7   14 3   7 2 
1 5 27
= – 
14 21 14
1 3  5  2  27  3
=
21
3  10  81 94
= =
21 21
 13 15   7 8   3 1 
(iii)       
9 2  3 5 5 2
13  5 7  8 3
=  
6 15 10
65 56 3
=  
6 15 10
65  5  56  2  3  3
=
30
204 34
= =
30 5
 3 5  9 4  5 6 
(iv)    –       
 11 6   12 3   13 15 
5 2
= –1 
22 13
5 13 – 286  2  22
=
286
65 – 286  44 177
= =
286 286
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Page number: 1.31
Exercise 1.6
Question 1.
Solution. We have to verify that, x  y  y  x
1 2
(i) x  ,y
3 7
1 2 2 2 1 2
x y    y x   
3 7 21 7 3 21
1 2 2 1
   
3 7 7 3
Hence, verified.
3 11
(ii) x  ,y
5 13
3 11 33 11 3 33
x y    y x   
5 13 65 13 5 65
3 11 11 3
   
5 13 13 5
Hence, verified.
7
(iii) x  2, y 
8
7 7 7 7
x y  2  y x  2 
8 4 8 4
7 7
2  2
8 8
Hence, verified.
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15
(iv) x  0, y 
8
15 15
x y  0  0 y x  0  0
8 8
15 15
0   0  0
8 8
Hence, verified.
Question 2.
7 12 4
(i) x  ,y  ,z 
3 5 9
7  12 4  7 16 112
 x y  z       
3  5 9  3 15 45
 7 12  4 28 4 112
  x y z       
 3 5 9 5 9 45
7  15 4   7 15  4
       
8  5 9  8 5  9
3 9
(ii) x  0, y  ,z 
5 4
 3  9  27
 x  y  z  0    0 0
 5 4  20
 3  9 9
  x y z  0   0 0
 5  4 4
 3 9   3  9
0       0   
 5 4   5  4
1 5 7
(iii) x  , y  ,z 
2 4 5
1  5 7  1 35 35
 x y  z       
2  4 4  2 16 32
 1 5  7 5 7 35
  x y z       
 2 4  4 8 4 32
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1  5 7   1 5  7
       
2  4 4   2 4  4
5 12 7
(iv) x  ,y ,z 
7 13 18
5  12 7  5 14 10
 x y  z      
7  13 18  7 39 39
 5 12  7 60 7 10
  x  y z       
 7 13  18 91 18 39
5  12 7   5 12  7
     
7  13 18   7 13  18
Question 3.
Solution:
We have to verify that, x   y  z   x  y  x  z
3 12 5
(i) x  ,y  ,z 
7 13 6
3  12 5  3 72 – 65 3 7 1
x y  z         
7  13 6  7 78 7 78 26
3 12 3 5 36 5 36  2  5  13 1
x y  x z        
7 13 7 6 91 14 182 26
3  12 5  3 12 3 5
       
7  13 6  7 13 7 6
Hence, verified.
12 15 8
(ii) x  ,y ,z 
5 4 3
12  15 8  12 45  32 12 13 13
x y  z        
5  4 3 5 12 5 12 5
12 15 12 8 9 32 45 – 32 13
x y  x z        
5 4 5 3 1 5 5 5
12  15 8  12 15 12 8
      
5  4 3 5 4 5 3
Hence, verified.
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8 5 13
(iii) x  ,y  ,z 
3 6 12
8  5 13  8 10 –13 8 3 2
x y  z        
3  6 12  3 12 3 12 3
8 5 8 13 20 26 20  26 6 2
x y  x z         
3 6 3 12 9 9 9 9 3
8  5 13  8 5 8 13
      
3  6 12  3 6 3 12
Hence, verified.
3 5 7
(iv) x  ,y ,z 
4 2 6
3  5 7  3 15  7 3 8
x y  z         1
4  2 6 4 6 4 6
3 5 3 7 15 7 15 – 7
x y  x z        1
4 2 4 6 8 8 8
3  5 7  3 5 3 7
       
4  2 6 4 2 4 6
Hence, verified.
Question 4.
Solution:
3  35 10  3 35 3 10 7  48 55
(i)          
5  24 1  5 24 5 1 8 8
5  8 16  5 8 5 16 2 4
(ii)            6
4 5 5  4 5 4 5 2 1
2  7 21  2 7 2 21 1 3 1 –12 11
(iii)   –    –   –  
7  16 4  7 16 7 4 8 2 8 8
3 8  3 8 3 2 2 – 90 88
(iv)   – 40    –  40  – 30  
4 9  4 9 4 3 3 3
Question 5.
Solution:
1
(i) Multiplicative inverse ( reciprocal ) of 9 =
9
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1
(ii) Multiplicative inverse ( reciprocal ) of -7 = .
7
12 5
(iii) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of =
5 12
7 9
(iv) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of =
9 7
3 5 5
(v) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of = or
5  3 3
2 9 3 4 2
(vi) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of  =  
3 4 2 9 3
5 16 8 15 3
(vii) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of  =  
8 15 5 16 2
3 1 5 5
(viii) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of 2  =  
5 2 3 6
1
(ix) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of -1=  1
1
0 3
(x) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of = Undefined
3 0
1
(xi) Multiplicative inverse (reciprocal) of 1 = = 1.
1
Question 6.
Solution:
(i) Commutative property
(ii) Commutative Property
(iii) Distributivity of multiplication over addition
(iv) Associativity of multiplication.
(v) The existence of identity for multiplication.
(vi) Existence of multiplicative inverse
(vii) Multiplication by 0
(viii) Distributive property
Question 7.
Solution:
(i) Positive
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(ii) Negative
(iii) Positive
(iv) Positive
(v) Negative
(vi) No
(vii) 1
(viii) -1 and 1
(ix) a
(x) not
(xi) a
(xii) 12 1
Question 8.
Solution:
(i) As, x×y=y×x that is commutativity
So, -4
(ii) As, x×y=y×x that is commutativity
5
So,
11
(iii) As, x×(y+z)=x×y+x×z that is distributivity of multiplication over addition
3 1
So, ,
4 2
(iv) As, x×(y×z)=(x×y)×z that is associativity of multiplication
5
So,
7
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Page number: 1.35
Exercise 1.3
Question 1.
Solution:
1 2
(i) 1   1  2
2 1
5 7
(ii) 5   5  7
7 5
3 9 3 16 4
(iii)    
4 16 4 9 3
7 21 7 16 2
(iv)    
8 16 8 21 3
7 63 7 64 16
(v)    
4 64 4 63 9
7 5
(vi) 0   0 0
5 7
3 3 1 1
(vii)  6   
4 4 6 8
2 7 2 12 8
(viii)    
3 12 3 7 7
3 5 20
(ix) 4   4  
5 3 3
3 4 3 65 15
(x)    
13 65 13 4 4
Question 2.
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Solution:
2 26 2 15 3
(i)    
5 15 5 26 13
10 35 10 12 8
(ii)    
3 12 3 35 7
8 17 51
(iii) 6   6  
17 8 4
40 40 1 2
(iv)   20    
99 99 20 99
22 110 22 18 2
(v)    
27 18 27 110 15
36 3 36 75 36
(vi)    
125 75 125 3 5
Question 3.
Solution:
So, x×(−10)=15
15 3
x 
10 2
3
So, the other number is .
2
Question 4.
Solution: Let, the other number be x.
 4 8
So, x  
15 9
8 4 8 15 10
x  x  x
9 15 9 4 3
10
Thus, the other number is
3
Q-5.
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Solution:
Let, the number be x.
1 23
x 
6 9
23 1
x 
9 6
23 6
x 
9 1
46
x
3
46
3
Question 6.
Solution:
15 5
x 
28 7
5 15
x 
7 28
5 28
x 
7 15
4
x
3
4
3
Question 7.
Solution:
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8
x  24
13
8
 x  24 
13
13
 x  24   x  39
8
Thus, the other number is -39.
Question 8.
Solution:
3 2
Let, the other number that should be multiplied with to produce be x.
4 3
3 2
x 
4 3
2 3
x 
3 4
2 4
x 
3 3
8
x
9
8
9
Question 9
Solution:
(i)  x  y    x – y 
2 3 2 3
=    – 
3 2 3 2
13 6 13
=  =
6 5 5
13
Thus,  x  y    x – y  
5
(ii)  x  y    x – y 
2 1 2 1
=    – 
5 2 5 2
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9 10
=  = -9
10 1
Thus,  x  y    x – y   9
(iii)  x  y    x – y 
 5 1   5 1 
=    – 
4 3  4 3 
11 12 11
=  =
12 11 19
11
Thus,  x  y    x – y  
19
(iv)  x  y    x – y 
2 4 2 4
=    – 
7 3 7 3
34 21 17
=  =
21 22 11
17
Thus,  x  y    x – y  
11
(v)  x  y    x – y 
1 3 1 3
=    – 
4 2 4 2
7 4 7
=  =
4 5 5
7
Thus,  x  y    x – y  
5
Q-10:
Solution:
2 2
The cost of 7 metres of rope is Rs. 7 .
3 3
Therefore,
2 2
Cost per metre = 7  7
3 3
51 23 51 3
  = 
4 3 4 23
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153 61
 =Rs. 1
92 92
61
Hence, the cost of rope per metres =Rs. 1
92
Question 11.
Solution:
1 1
The cost of 2 metres of cloth is Rs. 75 .
3 4
Therefore,
1 1
Cost per metre = 75  2
4 3
301 7 301 3
  = 
4 3 4 7
129 1
 =Rs. 32
4 4
1
Thus, Rs. 32 or Rs. 32.25 is the cost of cloth per metre.
4
Question 12.
Solution:
33 11 33 1 11 1 11 16 1 4
x        
16 4 16 x 4 x 4 33 x 3
3
x
4
3
4
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Question 13.
Solution:
 13 12   31 1 
     
 5 7  7 2 
13  7  12  5 31
= 
35 14
91  60 31
= 
35 14
31 14 2
=  =
35 31 5
Question14.
Solution:
 65 12   65 12 
    – 
 12 7   12 7 
65  7  12  12 65  7 –12 12
= 
84 84
599 311
= 
84 84
599 84 599
=  =
84 311 311
Question 15.
Solution:
Cloth needed to prepare 24 trousers = 54 m
So,
54 9 1
Length of the cloth required for each trousers = 54÷24 = = m = 2 metres.
24 4 4
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Page number: 1.43
Exercise 1.4
Question1:
Solution:
3  1 2
Rational number between -3 and 1 is  = -1
2 2
Question2.
Solution.
We can write:
2 2  5 10
2=  
1 1 5 5
Integers less than 10 are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
0 1 2 3 4
Hence, five rational numbers less than 2 are , , , and .
5 5 5 5 5
Question 3.
Solution:
 2 5
Since, both the fractions  and  have the same denominator, the integers between the
 9 9
numerators ( -2 and 5 ) are -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.
 2 5 0 1
Hence, two rational numbers between  and  are  or 0 and 
 9 9 9 9
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Question 4.
Solution:
1 1  25

1 1  5 2  7
Rational number between and = = 10 =
5 2 2 2 20
1 7  47

1 7  5 20  11
Rational number between and = = 20 =
5 20 2 2 40
1 1 7 11
Therefore, two rational numbers between and are and
5 2 20 40
Question5..
Solution:
The LCM of the denominators ( 2 and 4 ) is 4.
1
So, we can write as it is.
4
1 1 2
Also, 
2 2 2
As the integers between the numerators 1 and 2 of both the fractions are not sufficient, we will
multiply the fractions by 20.
1 1 20 20 2 2  20 40
    
4 4  20 80 4 4  20 80
Between 20 and 40, there are 19 integers. They are 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40.
21 22 23 24 25 38 39
Thus, , , , , , .., and are the fractions.
40 40 40 40 40 40 40
We can take any 10 of these.
Question 6.
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Solution:
LCM of the denominators (2 and 5) of both the fractions is 10.
We can write:
2 2  2 4

5 5  2 10
1 1 5 5
and 
2 2  5 10
Since, the integers between the numerators (-4 and 5 ) of both the fractions are not sufficient, we
will multiply the fractions by 2.
4 4  2 8 5 5  2 10
    
10 10  2 20 10 10  2 20
There are 17 integers between -8 and 10, which are -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
These can be written as:
7 6 5 4 8 9
, , , , ., and
20 20 20 20 20 20
Question7.
Solution:
LCM of the denominators (5 and 4) of both the fractions is 20.
We can write:
3 3  4 12

5 5  4 20
3 3  5 15
and 
4 4  5 20
Since, the integers between the numerators (12 and 15 ) of both the fractions are not sufficient, we
will multiply the fractions by 5.
12 12  5 60 15 15  5 75
    
20 20  5 100 20 20  5 100
There are 14 integers between 60 and 75, which are 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, …………, 73 and 74.These
can be written as:
60 61 62 63 73 74
, , , , ., and
100 100 100 100 100 100
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RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 - Rational Numbers (Ex 1.1) Exercise 1.1 - Free PDF

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RD Sharma Class 8 Solutions Chapter 1 - Rational Numbers (Ex 1.1) Exercise 1.1 - Free PDF

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Chapter 1 - Rational Numbers

Page number: 1.5

(i) Clearly, denominators of the given numbers are positive.

The LCM of the denominators 9 and 3 is 9.

The LCM of the denominators 1 and 5 is 5.

The LCM of the denominators 4 and 8 is 8.

The LCM of the denominators 16 and 26 is 48.

The LCM of the denominator 18 and 27 is 54.

The LCM of the denominator 1 and 7 is 7.

The LCM of the denominators 12 and 15 is 60.

The LCM of the denominator of 19 and 57 is 57.

The LCM of the denominator 9 and 4 is 36.

The LCM of the denominator 26 and 39 is 78.

The LCM of the denominator 9 and 12 is 36.

16 16  4 64

64 –15 79

The LCM of the denominator 8 and 36 is 72.

13 13  9 117

The LCM of the denominator 1 and 5 is 5.

The LCM of the denominator 7 and 4 is 28.

11 11 7 77

The LCM of the denominator 6 and 8 is 24.

27 27  3 81

The LCM of the denominator 6 and 8 is 24.

70 59 129

(ii) Additive inverse is the negative of the given number.

Solution: It is given that:

Solution. We have to verify that, x  y  y  x

(i) As, x×y=y×x that is commutativity

(ii) As, x×y=y×x that is commutativity

(iii) As, x×(y+z)=x×y+x×z that is distributivity of multiplication over addition

(iv) As, x×(y×z)=(x×y)×z that is associativity of multiplication

Solution: Let, the other number be x.

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