ARC 142

Building Utilities 1 – Plumbing

and Sanitary System

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 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Introduction to the Course Materials:

Learning Targets: Handout, Book, and Computer
At the end of the module, students will be able to:
1. Identify the basic concepts and terms about Plumbing. References:
Architectural Utilities 1: Plumbing &
Sanitary By George S. Salvan, JMC
Press, Inc, 1986.
Plumbing Design & Estimate By Max B.
Fajardo, Jr., 5138 Merchandizing, 1984
Slideshare

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

B. MAIN LESSON
Content and Skill-Building

Plumbing has two main objectives, namely:

1. To supply water to different parts of the building
2. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of building into the public sewer or
septic tank.

The water supply in building must satisfy the following conditions:

1. To provide sufficient amount of water to supply each fixture.
2. To prevent backflow of used water into the water supply
system.

The Drainage system should accomplish the following:

1. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability of leakage and stoppage of drains.
2. To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious gases into the house from the piping system.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

The following glossary contains some plumbing terms, alphabetized and broken down into categories:

Common Plumbing Terms

Bleed: to release excess air in a pipe by opening a valve at the end.

Brass: generic slang term for any faucet or fixture.

Branch Drain: fixture drain which leads to the main drain pipeline.

Effluent: liquid waste in a septic system.

Fitting: term used to describe any part that connects two sections of pipe.

Flow Rate: how much water flows through a plumbing system; measured in either gallons per minute (GPM)
or per hour (GPH).

Gallons per Flush (GPF): measurement of water needed to flush; used to regulate toilets and flush valves;
1.6 GPF is the current legal maximum permitted for new toilets.

Gray Water: water waste from non-toilet fixtures.

KiloPascal (kPa): metric unit of pressure equaling 1/100th of an atmosphere.

Maximum Containment Level (MCL): maximum amount of a contaminant permitted in a water supply by law.

Non-Ferrous: contains no iron.

Potable: water which is safe to consume.

Pressure Head: unit of measure for pressure in a plumbing system describing the vertical force caused by
water at a depth of one foot.

Riser: vertical supply pipes which bring water from the branch to a fixture or to a higher floor.

Sediment: debris that settles at the bottom of water tanks.

Soil Pipe: pipe carrying waste from a toilet.

Trap Seal: the water in a trap which serves as a liquid seal.

Trap Weir: the highest point for water before it drains in both P-traps and S-traps.

Water Hammer: a loud banging sound caused when the water supply is suddenly cut off from a fixture,
causing hydraulic shock.

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Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Plumbing Components and Fixtures

Aerator: insert screwed onto a faucet nozzle that reduces splashing by mixing air into the flowing water.

Ball Check Valve: valve which employs a ball which can seal against a seat to stop the flow in one direction.

Closet Bend: curved fitting located under the toilet connecting it to the drain.

Closet Flange: ring used to anchor a toilet and connects to the closet bend; sometimes called a floor flange.

Flow Control Valve: device which can reduce costs and improve efficiency by reducing the water flow to a
plumbing fixture.

Gasket: flat rubber or fiber ring used to create a watertight seal between metal fixtures.

Interceptor: device which separates oil and grease from drain systems.

Main: the main pipeline in a supply or drain system to which all branches connect. Manifold: fitting that
connects multiple branches to the main, acting as a distribution point. O-Ring: round rubber washer used to
make valve stems watertight.
Scald Guard: valve that maintains the balance between hot and cold water pressure in your shower by
shifting back and forth behind the shower handle in response to sudden pressure drops.

Shutoff Valve: valve under toilet or sink to stop water supply for repairs.

Tee: T-shaped fitting used where three pipes intersect.

Trap: a curved portion of plumbing designed to hold enough water to block, or seal, the section of pipe from
gasses, odors, and pests.

Valve Seat: the stationary section of a valve.

Vent: sloped or vertical section of drainpipe designed to allow sewer gasses to escape and be replaced by
outdoor air so pressure is not lost during the venting.

Water Hammer Arrestor: device which prevents the banging sound known as water hammer by absorbing
the hydraulic shock caused from suddenly cutting the water supply to a fixture.

Wye Fitting: drain fitting which connects two sections of pipe at a 45 degree angle.

Plumbing Tools and Materials

ABS: short for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, this black plastic pipe is rigid and commonly found in drains,
vents, and waste lines.

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 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Auger: flexible rod with a curved end used to pull clogs from a toilet trap.

Blowbag: tool with a nozzle and rubber bladder attached to a hose and inserted into a clogged drain where it
swells to fill the pipe and releases water in bursts to force a path through the obstruction.

CPVC: chlorinated polyvinyl-chloride; black PVC pipe treated to withstand high temperatures; often used in
water supply systems.

Dope: plumbing lubricant used on pipe threads.

Polybutylene (PB): bendable tubing used in some supply lines for bathroom fixtures.

Polyethylene (PE): flexible pipes often used in supply lines.

PEX: crossed-linked polyethylene; stronger than normal PE.

Plumber’s Putty: putty with dough-like consistency used to seal the joints between fixture settings and metal
pieces.

Plunger: AKA “plumber’s helper”; six inch rubber suction cup with a wooden handle commonly used to
unclog drains and toilets.

PVC: rigid white pipe made of polyvinyl-chloride plastic; often used for drains and waste or vent pipes.

Snake: thin, flexible cord of spiral-wound metal that fits down a drain and is rotated to dislodge clogs.

Teflon Tape: fluorocarbon polymer tape with non-stick properties that is wrapped around the threads of a
pipe to create a tighter joint seal.

Septic System-Specific Components

Absorption Field: seeping field designed to filter and disperse the liquid waste from a septic tank; also
referred to as a leach field.

Leach Line: pipes which carry the liquid waste from the septic tank to an absorption/leach field.

Septic Tank: large underground tank used mainly in rural settings where sewers are not available;
temporarily stores waste as bacteria and gravity separates it into solids, liquids, and sludge before the
liquids drain into an absorption field.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Skill-Building Activity: Answer the following questions:

1. What are the two main objectives of Plumbing?

2. What are the main functions of a drainage system?

3. The water supply in building must satisfy what conditions. Enumerate.

Check for Understanding: Multiple Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer at the left side of the
number that corresponds to the given statement.
1. A rigid white pipe made of polyvinyl-chloride plastic; often used for drains and waste or vent pipes.
a. PVC b. PPR c. PPE d. PE e. GI
2. A flexible rod with a curved end used to pull clogs from a toilet trap.
a. Augment b. Auger c. PVC d. PPR e. GI
3. A term used to describe any part that connects two sections of pipe.
a. Connector b. coupling c. fitting d. sediment
4. Water which is safe to consume.
a. Mineral b. Potable c. Distilled d. Purified
5. Pipes which carry the liquid waste from the septic tank to an absorption/leach field.
a. Leach line b. Soil pipe c. sanitary line d. Sewer line
6. A crossed-linked polyethylene; stronger than normal PE.
a. XPE b. PEX c. PPR d. PVC
7. T-shaped fitting used where three pipes intersect.
a. wye b. trap c. tee d. coupling
8. Birth of plumbing profession.
a. 18th century b. 17th century c. 16th century d. 1902
9. Refers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution of water and
the removal of wastes.
a. plumbing b. plumbum c. sanitary d. plumber
10. Plumbing lubricant used on pipe threads.
a. Teflon tape b. Dope c. solvent d. oil

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Summary / Frequently Asked Questions

Why is plumbing so important?

Plumbing is as important to your residential or commercial building as oxygen is to the body. Plumbing
services ensure that water comes in and out of your house properly. A faulty pipe or leakage means excess
moisture inside the house which can cause mold and fungus to grow.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #1 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Thinking about Learning

If you are done with this module, answer these evaluation questions. Give a short and concise answer. If
multiple choice, encircle the letter that corresponds to your choice of answer.

1. How well did you understand the Content Notes of this module?
a. Extremely Easy b. Easy c. Average d. Difficult e. Extremely Difficult

2. What made this module easy or difficult?

3. Did this module achieve its Lesson Objectives?

a. Yes b. No

You’re done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

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 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Fundamentals of Water Supply System (Part 1) Materials:

Learning Targets: Handout, Book, and Computer
At the end of the module, students will be able to:
1. Identify the basic concepts and terms about water References:
supply and distribution system. Architectural Utilities 1: Plumbing &
Sanitary By George S. Salvan, JMC
Press, Inc, 1986.
Plumbing Design & Estimate By Max B.
Fajardo, Jr., 5138 Merchandizing, 1984
Slideshare

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction

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Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Uses of Water:
1. Nourishment
2. Cleansing and Hygiene
3. Ceremonial Uses
4. Transportational Uses
5. Cooling Medium
6. \Ornmaental Element
7. Protective Uses

B. MAIN LESSON
Content and Skill-Building

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Skill-Building Activity:

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 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Check for Understanding: Multiple Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer at the left side of the
number that corresponds to the given statement.
1. Collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and stored in cistern or ponds.
a. rain water b. ground water c. surface water d. fresh water
2. The ability to climb up a surface against the pull of gravity.
a. surface tension b. capillarity c. dissolving ability d. heat absorption
3. Physical process in which the sediment particles collide with each other and stick together.
a. coagulation b. fluctuation c. flocculation d. sedimentation
4. Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order to remove the
finer suspended particles.
a. filtration b. sedimentation c. flocculation d. disinfection
5. The portion of the rainwater which has percolated into the earth to form underground deposits.
a. rainwater sediments b. ground water c. surface water d. fresh water
6. The ability to absorb heat without becoming warmer.
a. capillarity b. dissolving ability c. heat absorption d. surface tension
7. Water is sprayed into the air to release any trapped gases and absorb additional oxygen for
better taste.
a. aeration b. coagulation c. flocculation d. sedimentation
8. Method of introducing a controlled amount of chlorine to the water in order to attain a desired
degree of disinfection.
a. filtration b. disinfection c. sedimentation d. aeration
9. A mixture of surface run-off and ground water.
a. ground water mix b. rain water c. natural surface water d. underwater
10. Water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a period of time.
a. filtration b. chlorination c. aeration d. sedimentation

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Summary / Frequently Asked Questions

What is hard water?

Hard water is a common quality of water which contains dissolved compounds of calcium and magnesium
and, sometimes, other divalent and trivalent metallic elements. The term hardness was originally applied to
waters that were hard to wash in, referring to the soap wasting properties of hard water. Hardness prevents
soap from lathering by causing the development of an insoluble curdy precipitate in the water; hardness
typically causes the buildup of hardness scale (such as seen in cooking pans). Dissolved calcium and
magnesium salts are primarily responsible for most scaling in pipes and water heaters and cause numerous
problems in laundry, kitchen, and bath. Hardness is usually expressed in grains per gallon (or ppm) as
calcium carbonate equivalent. -http://www.wqa.org/learn-about-water/faqs#What%20is%20hard%20water?

What is water quality improvement?

Water treatment, or conditioning, is the processing of water, by any means, to modify, enhance, or improve
its quality or to meet a specific water quality need, desire, or set of standards. Water treatment involves
disinfecting and purifying untreated ground and surface water. Water quality is important for health, and it is
good for appliances, too! --http://www.wqa.org/learn-about-water/faqs#What%20is%20hard%20water?

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #2 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Thinking about Learning

If you are done with this module, answer these evaluation questions. Give a short and concise answer. If
multiple choice, encircle the letter that corresponds to your choice of answer.

1. How well did you understand the Content Notes of this module?
a. Extremely Easy b. Easy c. Average d. Difficult e. Extremely Difficult

2. What made this module easy or difficult?

3. Did this module achieve its Lesson Objectives?

a. Yes b. No

You’re done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Fundamentals of Water Supply System (Part 2) Materials:

Learning Targets: Handout, Book, and Computer
At the end of the module, students will be able to:
1. Identify the basic concepts and terms about water References:
supply and distribution system. Architectural Utilities 1: Plumbing &
Sanitary By George S. Salvan, JMC
Press, Inc, 1986.
Plumbing Design & Estimate By Max B.
Fajardo, Jr., 5138 Merchandizing, 1984
Slideshare

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction

B. MAIN LESSON
Content and Skill-Building

A well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid
resources, usually water. The oldest and most common kind of well is a water well, to access groundwater
in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn up by a pump, or using containers, such as buckets, that
are raised mechanically or by hand. Water can also be injected back into the aquifer through the well. Wells
were first constructed at least eight thousand years ago and historically vary in construction from a simple
scoop in the sediment of a dry watercourse to the qanats of Iran, and the stepwells and sakiehs of India.
Placing a lining in the well shaft helps create stability, and linings of wood or wickerwork date back at least
as far as the Iron Age. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well)

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Skill-Building Activity:

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 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Check for Understanding: Multiple Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer at the left side of the
number that corresponds to the given statement.

1. Are holes in the earth from which a fluid may be withdrawn using manual or mechanical means.
a. excavation b. pumps c. wells d. diggings
2. These are dug with earth augers are usually less than 30meters deep.
a. driven wells b. bored wells c. drilled wells d. jetted wells
3. Use extreme water pressure so as not to affect existing foundation in the vicinity.
a. jetted wells b. drilled wells c. bored wells d. driven wells
4. Is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids or slurries.
a. pumps b. wells c. excavation d. pit
5. Has a vertical turbine located below groundwater levels and a driving motor located at ground.
a. reciprocating pump b. turbine pump c. submersible pump
6. Are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water.
a. turbine pump b. submersible pump c. jet pump d. reciprocating pump
7. Small hot water tank.
a. storage boiler b. cistern c. range boiler
8. Usually built of reinforced concrete underground and connected with a pump.
a. Pneumatic water tank b. cistern c. storage boiler d. range boiler
9. Are used in applications where excess water must be pumped away from a particular area.
a. sump pump b. ejector pump c. turbine pump d. submersible pump
10. Requires more elaborate equipment depending on the geology of the site.
a. drilled wells b. driven wells c. jetted wells d. bored wells

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Summary / Frequently Asked Questions

What is a bedrock well and how is it constructed?

Answer: A bedrock well is a water well that taps into ledge a safe distance beneath the ground to access
clean groundwater found moving through crevices. Bedrock Wells are constructed by drilling an eight-inch
diameter hole into ten or twenty feet of solid ledge. On average, bedrock wells are 100 - 500 feet deep in
Massachusetts. Depending on the groundwater in your area they may be deeper. When a new well is drilled,
a six-inch diameter steel casing is set within the drilled hole. The casing prevents surface contaminants from
entering the well. When a bedrock well is installed, a water flow test is conducted to determine the well yield
or the amount of water being produced. Wells are chlorinated to kill bacteria and then a pump, water line,
and the water tank is installed. Electrical power is connected, and your well is tested to ensure it is functioning
properly.- https://cummingswellandpump.com/water-well-faqs

My well system seems to be working fine. Why should I consider having it maintained?
Answer: Well systems sometimes can go extensive periods of time without seemingly any concerns.
However, a system that is not regularly maintained can unknowingly experience wear and tear on the system
components that ultimately cause excessive energy usage, resulting in higher electric bills. Also, the multiple
mechanical components of a well system do lose their proper calibrations over time, resulting in loss of life
expectancy to the well pump and or water storage tank.

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 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Thinking about Learning

If you are done with this module, answer these evaluation questions. Give a short and concise answer. If
multiple choice, encircle the letter that corresponds to your choice of answer.

1. How well did you understand the Content Notes of this module?
a. Extremely Easy b. Easy c. Average d. Difficult e. Extremely Difficult

2. What made this module easy or difficult?

3. Did this module achieve its Lesson Objectives?

a. Yes b. No

You’re done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Fundamentals of Water Supply System (Part 3) Materials:

Learning Targets: Handout, Book, and Computer
At the end of the module, students will be able to:
1. Identify the basic concepts and terms about water References:
supply and distribution system. Architectural Utilities 1: Plumbing &
Sanitary By George S. Salvan, JMC
Press, Inc, 1986.
Plumbing Design & Estimate By Max B.
Fajardo, Jr., 5138 Merchandizing, 1984
Slideshare

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction

A control valve is a valve used to control fluid flow by varying the size of the flow passage as directed
by a signal from a controller. This enables the direct control of flow rate and the consequential control of
process quantities such as pressure, temperature, and liquid level.

In automatic control terminology, a control valve is termed a "final control element".

The opening or closing of automatic control valves is usually done by electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic
actuators. Normally with a modulating valve, which can be set to any position between fully open and fully
closed, valve positioners are used to ensure the valve attains the desired degree of opening.

Air-actuated valves are commonly used because of their simplicity, as they only require a compressed
air supply, whereas electrically operated valves require additional cabling and switch gear, and hydraulically
actuated valves required high pressure supply and return lines for the hydraulic fluid.

An automatic control valve consists of three main parts in which each part exists in several types and
designs:

1. Valve actuator - which moves the valve's modulating element, such as ball or butterfly.
2. Valve positioner - Which ensures the valve has reached the desired degree of opening.
This overcomes the problems of friction and wear.
3. Valve body - in which the modulating element, a plug, globe, ball or butterfly, is contained.

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Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

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B. MAIN LESSON
Content and Skill-Building

Taking the example of an air-operated valve, there are two control actions possible:

"Air or current to open" - The flow restriction decreases with increased control signal
value. "Air or current to close" - The flow restriction increases with increased control
signal value. There can also be failure to safety modes:

Air or control signal failure to close" - On failure of compressed air to the actuator, the valve closes
under spring pressure or by backup power.
Air or control signal failure to open" - On failure of compressed air to actuator, the valve opens under
spring pressure or by backup power.
The modes of failure operation are requirements of the failure to safety process control specification of the
plant. In the case of cooling water it may be to fail open, and the case of delivering a chemical it may be to
fail closed.

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 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

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This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Skill-Building Activity:

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 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Check for Understanding: Multiple Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer at the left side of the
number that corresponds to the given statement.

1. It moves the valve's modulating element, such as ball or butterfly.

a. valve actuator b. Ball valve c. Valve body d. Valve positioner
2. It ensures the valve has reached the desired degree of opening.
a. valve actuator b. Ball valve c. Valve body d. Valve positioner
3. Main function is to prevent reversal of flow in the water line.
a. gate valve b. check valve c. globe valve d. angle valve
4. Used on water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines & other pipe lines with excessive
pressure.
a. gate valve b. foot valve c. safety valve d. globe valve
5. Operates with a round tapering plug ground to fit a metal sheet.
a. key cock b. hose bibb c. ball faucet d. compression cock
6. Device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that passes through the water
service.
a. service pipe b. water meter c. supply pipe d. riser
7. Constructed with a ball connected to the handle.
a. key cock b. ball cock c. ball faucet d. hose bibb
8. Controls the flow of water with a movable spindle.
a. globe valve b. safety valve c. gate valve d. check valve
9. A water supply pipe that extends one full storey or more to convey water to branches.
a. fixture supply b. riser c. fixture branch d. supply pipe
10. Located at the lower end of the pump.
a. safety valve b. angle valve c. foot valve d. check valve

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Summary / Frequently Asked Questions

Detection and location of water leaks in intermittent supply or with very low water pressure -which
method to choose?
A road can be to increase the schedule of service and or to increase the pressurization of the net, this allows
that the conventional teams of detection of leaks can work efficiently, another form is to endow the circuit of
takings of pressure in the sector and to locate fallen abrupt of pressure that are not justified by consumption. –
Mario Ramos Joseph, Aguas de La Havana, Cuba

How to get constant water pressure in a circular distribution pipe?

Just compare the supply tube (1x 1/2") to the total discharge opening (11x 1/2"). It is obvious that you
cannot sustain the required water pressure. If you would reverse that relation, i.e. have a larger supply tube
and smaller openings, the flow distribution would be more even. The simple solution (which requires
sufficient water pressure) will be to throttle the discharge openings of the eleven 1/2" tubes in order to
distribute the flow evenly.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #4 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Thinking about Learning

If you are done with this module, answer these evaluation questions. Give a short and concise answer. If
multiple choice, encircle the letter that corresponds to your choice of answer.

1. How well did you understand the Content Notes of this module?
a. Extremely Easy b. Easy c. Average d. Difficult e. Extremely Difficult

2. What made this module easy or difficult?

3. Did this module achieve its Lesson Objectives?

a. Yes b. No

You’re done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Sanitary Drainage Systems - Traps Materials:

Learning Targets: Handout, Book, and Computer
At the end of the module, students will be able to:
1. Identify the basic concepts and terms about sanitary References:
drainage systems. Architectural Utilities 1: Plumbing &
Sanitary By George S. Salvan, JMC
Press, Inc, 1986.
Plumbing Design & Estimate By Max B.
Fajardo, Jr., 5138 Merchandizing, 1984
Slideshare

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction

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 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

B. MAIN LESSON
Content and Skill-Building

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Skill-Building Activity: Research and cut out pictures of the sanitary drainage system parts enumerated and
described above. It may be in layout or individual.

Check for Understanding:

Part 1. Multiple Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer at the left side of the number that corresponds to
the given statement.

1. Used for fixtures such as slop sinks that are usually built low in the ground.
a. running trap b. stand trap c. common trap d. deep seal trap
2. Minimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipe.
a. 2% b. 1.2% c. 20% d. 0%
3. The vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent piping extending through one or more
stories.
a. branch b. stack c. trap d. vent pipe
4. Conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter.
a. waste pipe b. soil pipe c. vent pipe d. trap
5. Used for lavatories, kitchen sinks, laundry tubs, & urinals.
a. deep seal trap b. common p-trap c. stand trap d. running trap

Part 2. Enumerate what parts of a drainage system where traps are required.

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Summary / Frequently Asked Questions

What is a sewer lateral?

A sewer lateral is a pipe that carries wastewater from buildings on private property (for example from homes
or businesses) to the mainline sewer. The sewer lateral consists of upper and lower laterals. The upper lateral
extends from the building structure to the property line. The lower lateral extends from the property line to
the street. The mainline sewer is usually located under the street; it may also be located under an alley or in
an easement on private property. https://www.lacitysan.org/

Whose responsibility is it if I have a problem with my sewer line located between the property line and the
main sewer?
The property owner is responsible for their sewer service lead all the way from the home or building to the
main sewer, including the connection to the main sewer. The city is responsible for the maintenance of the
main sewer line only. https://www.hwmi.org/government/sewer.php

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #5 Student Activity Sheet

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Thinking about Learning

If you are done with this module, answer these evaluation questions. Give a short and concise answer. If
multiple choice, encircle the letter that corresponds to your choice of answer.

1. How well did you understand the Content Notes of this module?
a. Extremely Easy b. Easy c. Average d. Difficult e. Extremely Difficult

2. What made this module easy or difficult?

3. Did this module achieve its Lesson Objectives?

a. Yes b. No

You’re done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Sanitary Drainage Systems – Ventilation and Materials:

Ventilation Systems Handout, Book, and Computer
Learning Targets:
At the end of the module, students will be able to: References:
1. Identify the basic concepts and terms about sanitary Architectural Utilities 1: Plumbing &
drainage systems. Sanitary By George S. Salvan, JMC
Press, Inc, 1986.
Plumbing Design & Estimate By Max B.
Fajardo, Jr., 5138 Merchandizing, 1984
Slideshare

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction

B. MAIN LESSON

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Content and Skill-Building

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Skill-Building Activity: Research and cut out pictures of the sanitary drainage system parts enumerated and
described above. It may be in layout or individual.

Check for Understanding: Multiple Choices. Write the letter of the correct answer at the left side of the
number that corresponds to the given statement.
1. A pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system.
a. ventilation b. vent pipe c. loop vent d. waste vent
2. The principal artery of the venting system to which vent branches are connected.
a. main vent b. vent pipe c. waste vent d. branch vent
3. An arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe serve two traps.
a. loop vent b. back vent c. common vent d. relief vent
4. Vent used in spaces without partitions.
a. back vent b. looped vent c. circuit vent d. unit vent
5. A vent that does not carry liquid or water-borne wastes.
a. dry vent b. local vent c. common vent d. looped vent
6. The extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to a stack.
a. vent stack b. common vent c. stack vent d. unit vent
7. A pipe or shaft to convey foul air from a plumbing fixture or a room to the outer air.
a. dry vent b. local vent c. common vent d. unit vent
8. A group vent pipe which starts in front of the extreme fixture connection on a horizontal branch
and connects to the vent stack.
a. circuit vent b. unit vent c. stack vent d. dry vent
9. A vertical vent line that provides additional circulation of air between that drainage and vent
systems.
a. relief vent b. looped vent c. yoke vent d. unit vent
10. A pipe installed to vent a fixture trap, that connects with the vent system above the fixture served.
a. unit vent b. stack vent c. looped vent d. back vent

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 ARC 142: Building Utilities 1
Module #6 Student Activity Sheet
Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
Summary / Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Vent?
When you think of a plumbing vent, think of air that comes into your plumbing system. Why is air in your
plumbing system important? Simply put, if there is no vent the slug of sewage that goes through your waste
line everyday will generate pressure and vacuum in your pipes. The result is a gurgling and noisy drain. The
plumbing vent is also a safety mechanism designed for your home plumbing. Why?

The vacuum created will remove the water from the traps. This means facing the risk of sewer gases entering
your home. For basement bathrooms the vent system can be tied to the line used for laundry sinks. When
installing plumbing vents you have to make sure that it complies with the existing codes in your locality. If you
are unsure what it is you can consult a licensed professional or get one to work on your plumbing vent system.

What should be the Distance of the Vent and the Trap?

Before anything else, you should keep in mind that every drain needs to have a trap installed and every trap
will need a vent associated with it. So now you see how these plumbing elements are interrelated. As for the
maximum distance between your trap and your vents, that would depend on the actual diameter of the
plumbing pipe.

If you have 1 ¼-inch pipe, the horizontal distance of the vent should not be more than 30 inches. For a 1 ½-inc
pipe the vent should be 42 inches away at the most while a 2-inch pipe must have a maximum distance of 5
feet. For pipes that have a diameter of 3 inches the distance is 6 feet and for a 4-inch pipe the most it should
be away from the vent is 10 feet. (https://www.scottenglishplumbing.net)

Keep in mind that toilets have their own traps so there is no need to have one on the drain line, but it still must
have a vent.

Thinking about Learning

If you are done with this module, answer these evaluation questions. Give a short and concise answer. If
multiple choice, encircle the letter that corresponds to your choice of answer.

1. How well did you understand the Content Notes of this module?
a. Extremely Easy b. Easy c. Average d. Difficult e. Extremely Difficult

2. What made this module easy or difficult?

3. Did this module achieve its Lesson Objectives?

a. Yes b. No

You’re done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION