Subject:

LEGAL SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN:

Submitted By
ALLAH DAD ABBASI (01-177221-063)

TOPIC:

PAKISTAN’S HUMAN RIGHT LEGAL FRAMEWORK

SUBMITTED TO:

MA’AM MEHWISH SAFDAR

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................- 6 -
1.1 WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS?..................................................................- 6 -
1.2 HUMAN RIGHT FRAMEWORK................................................................- 6 -
1.3 HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK OF PAKISTAN..................................- 6 -
1.4 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS...............................................................................................................- 6 -

2 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS OF PAKISTAN SAFEGUARDING

HUMAN RIGHTS .....................................................................................................- 7 -
2.1 ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS..............................- 11 -

3 OTHER DOMESTIC LAWS .............................................................................- 13 -

4 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHT LAWS:.................................................- 13 -

4.1 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (UDHR)...........- 13 -
4.1.1 ARTICLES OF UDHR........................................................................- 14 -

5 CONCLUSION: ..................................................................................................- 17 -

6 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................- 18 -
 1 INTRODUCTION
Woven into the very fabric of our existence, certain fundamental rights are inherent to every human
being. These essential liberties, known as human rights, play a critical role in fostering the safety and
flourishing of both individuals and society as a whole. While the protection of these rights takes
diverse forms across nations, each framework ultimately strives to uphold the same core principles of
human dignity and well-being.
1.1 WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS?
It refers to the basic freedoms and rights that belong to every individual regardless of all gender and
racial factors. For instance, right to life, freedom of speech and expression, and abstention of
violations against these rights.
1.2 HUMAN RIGHT FRAMEWORK
It refers to a country’s overall structure and approach it adopts for the promoting and safeguarding
human rights. This structure primarily is composed of the following:
1. Legal and institutional mechanisms
2. Incorporation of international human rights standards into domestic laws It acts as a roadmap for
upholding human rights.
1.3 HUMAN RIGHTS FRAMEWORK OF PAKISTAN
The structure of Pakistan’s human rights framework is as under:
1. Constitution of Pakistan: It guarantees certain fundamental rights to its citizens
2. International Human Rights Treaties and Conventions: Strengthens its commitment for
advancing human rights
3. Domestic laws: It includes the various institutions that address human rights issues and ensures
their protection.

1.4 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS:
1. National Context: Fundamental rights are rights recognized within the legal and constitutional
framework of a specific country. They are enshrined in the constitution or legislation and are
applicable to the citizens or residents of that particular nation.
2. Legal Basis: The legal foundation of fundamental rights varies from country to country. In some
cases, these rights are explicitly listed in a constitutional bill of rights, while in others, they may be
scattered throughout the constitution or specific laws.
3. Enforcement: The enforcement of fundamental rights is typically carried out by the legal and
judicial system of the respective country. Citizens can seek recourse through national courts if their
fundamental rights are violated.
HUMAN RIGHTS:

1. International Recognition: Human rights are considered universal and apply to all individuals
regardless of nationality, ethnicity, or other factors. They are recognized globally and are often
outlined in international agreements, treaties, and declarations.
2. United Nations: The United Nations plays a significant role in promoting and protecting human
rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by the UN General Assembly
in 1948, is a foundational document that outlines a comprehensive set of human rights principles.
3. Global Enforcement Mechanisms: Human rights are monitored and enforced through
international bodies and mechanisms. Individuals may appeal to international courts or committees
when national systems fail to protect their human rights. Organizations like Amnesty International
and Human Rights Watch also work to advocate for human rights on a global scale.
In essence, while fundamental rights are specific to the legal framework of a particular country,
human rights transcend national boundaries and are considered inherent to all individuals by virtue of
their humanity. The international community, through organizations like the United Nations, plays a
crucial role in upholding and promoting human rights globally.

2 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS OF PAKISTAN

SAFEGUARDING HUMAN RIGHTS

The constitution of Pakistan offers a thorough foundation for human rights. It has a number of
constitutional provisions designed to defend and preserve the fundamental liberties and rights of its
people. These address many different topics, such as equality, the prohibition against discrimination,
freedom of speech, religion, and the preservation of cultural traditions. Pakistan's constitution is
made to guarantee that each and every person is treated with respect and decency and that their
human rights are respected. It's a significant foundation that encourages justice, equality, and
inclusivity for all. Here's the list of all of them.
1. ARTICLE 8: LAWS INCONSISTENT WITH IN OR IN DEROGATION OF
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS TO BE VOID

Any law created in violation of this provision will be void to the degree of its violation. The State is
not permitted to enact laws that restrict or take away the rights that have been granted.

2. ARTICLE 9: RIGHT TO LIFE, LIBERTY, AND SECURITY OF PERSON

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This is a crucial provision that protects everyone's right to life, liberty, and security. This implies that
the government is obligated to defend the lives and liberties of its people. It's an essential right that
guarantees the security and well-being of all people.

3. ARTICLE 10: SAFEGUARDS AS TO ARREST AND DETENTION

No one who is arrested may be held in custody without being promptly informed of the reasons for
their detention, nor may they be refused the opportunity to speak with and be represented by a lawyer
of their choosing. Every person who is arrested and placed under custody must appear before a
magistrate within twenty-four hours of the arrest, not counting the time required to travel from the
scene of the arrest to the nearest magistrate's court. After that time, no person may be held in custody
without a magistrate's permission.

4. ARTICLE 10A: RIGHT TO FAIR TRIAL

A person is entitled to a fair trial and due process in order to determine his or her civil rights and
obligations, as well as in the event that they are charged with a crime.

5. ARTICLE 11: SLAVERY, FORCED LABOR, AND FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT

This crucial provision forbids forced labor and slavery in all its forms. It also ensures that every
Pakistani citizen has the right to free movement. This implies that everyone has the freedom to travel
around the nation without restriction and that no one may be kept as a slave or made to labor against
their will. It all comes down to defending personal freedoms and making sure that no Pakistani
citizen has denied them.

6. ARTICLE 12: PROTECTION AGAINST RETROSPECTIVE PUNISHMENT

No legislation may punish someone for an act or omission that was not illegal at the time of the act
or omission, or for an offence that carries a penalty that differs from or is greater than the legal
penalty specified at the time the offence was committed.

7. ARTICLE 13: PROTECTION AGAINST DOUBLE PUNISHMENT AND SELF-

INCRIMINATION

No one may face charges or punishment for the same offence more than once, nor may they be
forced to testify against themselves when facing criminal charges.

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8. ARTICLE 14: INVIOLABILITY OF DIGNITY OF MAN

It guarantees everyone's right to be treated with respect and decency. Nobody may be the victim of
cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. Maintaining each person's intrinsic worth and value is the
main goal.

9. ARTICLE 15: FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT

Every citizen's freedom to travel around Pakistan, live anywhere in the nation, and establish a
permanent home is guaranteed. Within Pakistan's borders, people are guaranteed the freedom to
travel and reside anywhere they choose. It all comes down to encouraging travel and giving people
the freedom to discover and engage with other parts of the nation.

10. ARTICLE 16: FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY

It protects everyone's freedom to peacefully congregate, organize public gatherings, and organize
processions. This article guarantees people's freedom to voice their thoughts and get together to talk
about significant topics. The main goal is to advance a democratic society in which individuals are
free to associate and express their opinions.

11. ARTICLE 17: FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION

It ensures that every citizen has the freedom to organize unions or groups for legitimate reasons. The
right of individuals to unite and create groups or organizations to pursue shared interests or
objectives is guaranteed by this article. Promoting the freedom to associate and work together in a
way that is both peaceful and legal is the main goal. Thus, the fact that people may band together and
collaborate is really awesome.

12. ARTICLE 18: FREEDOM OF TRADE, BUSINESS, OR PROFESSION

Every citizen's right to pursue any legal trade, business, or profession of their choosing is guaranteed.
This implies that people are free to engage in any economic activity they choose without needless
limitations. It all comes down to encouraging economic freedom and giving people the chance to
succeed in their chosen industries. Therefore, people have the freedom to follow their chosen trade or
career without needless obstacles.

13. ARTICLE 19: FREEDOM OF SPEECH

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Every citizen is entitled to freedom of speech and expression, as well as freedom of the press, subject
to any justifiable legal restrictions that serve the interests of Islam's prestige.

14. ARTICLE 19A: RIGHT TO INFORMATION

Every citizen has the right, subject to legal regulations and reasonable constraints, to access
information on all topics of public significance.

15. ARTICLE 20: FREEDOM TO PROFESS RELIGION AND TO MANAGE RELIGIOUS

INSTITUTIONS

It protects each citizen's freedom to openly declare, practice, and spread their faith. This implies that
people are allowed to practice and publicly display their religion without hindrance. It also protects
the authority to oversee and run places of worship. Thus, everyone is free to follow their own faith
and run their own religious affairs. It ultimately comes down to valuing and defending religious
liberty.

16. ARTICLE 21: SAFEGUARD AGAINST TAXATION FOR PURPOSES OF ANY

PARTICULAR RELIGIONS

It makes sure that no one can be made to pay taxes in order to support or promote a specific religion
or religious organization. By defending the idea of religious neutrality in the tax code, this article
makes sure that taxpayers are not coerced into using their money to promote a particular religion. It
all comes down to making sure that taxation and religious affairs are equitable and fair. Therefore,
people have the right to be free from taxes related to the spread of any particular religion.

17. ARTICLE 22: SAFEGUARDS AS TO EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN RESPECT IF

RELIGION, ETC

It ensures that no one's freedom to create and run an educational institution of their choosing is
violated and that no one's religion or set of religious views is promoted via these institutions. The
goal of this article is to achieve a balance between allowing students to pursue their studies freely
and forbidding the establishment of any particular religious doctrine in educational settings. It all
comes down to encouraging an inclusive and varied learning environment. Thus, people have the
freedom to form and manage educational institutions while upholding the principle of religious
neutrality.

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18. ARTICLE 23: PROVISION AS TO PROPERTY

It guarantees every citizen's freedom to obtain, possess, and dispose of property in any way that
complies with the law. This implies that people are free to possess and care for their property without
unwarranted interference. It ultimately comes down to defending people's rights over their
possessions. It follows that you have the legal right to possess and manage your property.

19. ARTICLE 24: PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS

A person's property cannot be taken from them unless authorized by law. No property may be seized
or acquired forcibly unless it is needed for a public purpose and only with the permission of the law,
which either establishes the amount of compensation required or the guidelines for determining and
allocating compensation.

20. ARTICLE 25: EQUALITY OF CITIZENS

Every citizen has the right to equal protection under the law and is equal before it. Discrimination on
the basis of gender is prohibited. Nothing will stop the State from enacting unique legislation to
safeguard women and children.

21. ARTICLE 25A: RIGHT TO EDUCATON

All children between the ages of five and sixteen must receive free and compulsory education from
the State, in accordance with any legal requirements that may apply.

22. ARTICLE 26: NON-DISCRIMINATION IN RESPECT OF ACCESS TO PUBLIC PLACES

It guarantees that no citizen is subjected to discrimination on the basis of their religion, race, caste,
sex, or place of birth and that everyone has equal access to public spaces like parks, eateries, lodging
facilities, and retail establishments. This article advocates for treating everyone equally and
inclusively in public areas. Therefore, you are entitled to enter public spaces free from prejudice of
any kind.

23. ARTICLE 27: SAFEGUARD AGAINST DISCRIMINATION IN SERVICES

It guarantees that no citizen will face discrimination in the delivery of public services or job
opportunities due to their place of birth, sex, race, religion, or caste. All residents should be given
equal treatment and opportunities, according 11 to this article. That means that when it comes to

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getting services and finding work, you have the right to be treated equally and without
discrimination.

24. ARTICLE 28: PRESERVATION OF LANGUAGE, SCRIPT, AND CULTURE

It guarantees every citizen's right to protect, advance, and use their native tongue, writing system,
and cultural practices. This article promotes the preservation of many languages and cultural
practices while acknowledging the value of cultural diversity. Thus, the main focus is on
appreciating and preserving Pakistan's rich language and cultural legacy.

2.1 ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

A critical evaluation of fundamental rights in Pakistan reveals both achievements and challenges:

ACHIEVEMENTS:
1. Legal Framework: Pakistan's Constitution outlines a comprehensive set of fundamental rights in Articles 8
to 28, reflecting a commitment to protecting individual liberties.
2. Judicial Activism: The judiciary has, at times, demonstrated activism in upholding fundamental rights,
issuing notable judgments to protect citizens' liberties.
CHALLENGES:
1. Implementation Gap: While the legal framework exists, the practical implementation of fundamental
rights faces challenges. Delays in the legal system often hinder justice, impacting the right to a speedy trial.
2. Security Concerns vs. Individual Rights: Balancing security concerns with individual rights, especially in
regions facing conflict or instability, has led to controversial measures, raising questions about the
proportionality of restrictions.
3. Socio-Cultural Factors: Deep-seated cultural norms and societal attitudes sometimes clash with
constitutional guarantees. Discrimination against women, religious minorities, and marginalized groups
persists, indicating a gap between legal provisions and societal practices.
4. Enforcement and Capacity Issues: Law enforcement agencies may lack the capacity or training to
consistently uphold fundamental rights. Instances of arbitrary arrests and custodial abuses highlight the need
for improved enforcement mechanisms.
5. Freedom of Expression Challenges: While freedom of speech is constitutionally protected, real-world
challenges include self-censorship due to political pressures, media restrictions, and limitations on digital
expression, limiting the vibrant exchange of ideas.
6. Religious Freedom Concerns: Despite constitutional guarantees, religious minorities may face
discrimination, and blasphemy allegations can result in severe consequences, reflecting challenges in
protecting freedom of religion.

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7. Gender Inequality: Gender disparities persist, and violence against women remains a significant issue.
While legal frameworks exist, cultural norms and a lack of effective implementation hinder progress in
achieving gender equality.
8. Economic and Social Rights: Fundamental rights extend beyond civil and political rights to encompass
economic and social rights. The realization of these rights, such as the right to education and healthcare, faces
resource constraints and challenges in implementation.
9. Judicial Backlog: Overburdened courts contribute to a backlog of cases, impacting citizens' access to
justice. This backlog undermines the effectiveness of fundamental rights, particularly in ensuring timely
redressal of grievances.
10. Health is not given the status of fundamental right of citizen.
11. Too many limitations.
12. Supremacy of parliament over fundamental rights.
13. no rights outside the constitution.

3 OTHER DOMESTIC LAWS

 THE ANTI TRRRORISM ACT
 PAKISTAN ELECTRONIC CRIMES ACT (PECA):
 THE PRROTECTION OF WOMEN (CRIMINAL LAWS AMENDMENT) ACT:
 PROTECTION AGAINST HARASSMENT OF WOMEN AT THE WORKPLACE ACT
 THE CHILD PROTECTION AND WELFARE ACT
 THE DISABLED PERSONS (EMPLOYMENT AND REHABILITATION) ORDINANCE
 THE PAKISTAN CITIZENSHIP ACT:

4 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHT LAWS:

Examining Pakistan's human rights framework in relation to its international obligations, it's
intriguing to note the nation's dedication to preserving and defending human rights worldwide.
Pakistan is signatory to a number of international agreements and treaties pertaining to human rights,
including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights. These pledges show Pakistan's commitment to advancing and defending the
fundamentals of human rights both domestically and in cooperation with other nations.

4.1 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS (UDHR)

Protecting the rights of every person, everywhere, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR) serves as a global road map for freedom and equality. For the first time, nations came to an

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agreement on the liberties and rights that should be safeguarded universally to enable every person to
live a life of freedom, equality, and dignity.
On December 10, 1948, the newly formed United Nations enacted the UDHR in reaction to the
"barbarous acts which... outraged the conscience of mankind" that occurred during World War
II. Following its ratification, human rights were acknowledged as the cornerstone of liberty, justice,
and harmony.
In 1946, work on the UDHR got underway, with a drafting committee made up of officials from
numerous nations, including the USA, Lebanon, and China. Later, representatives from Australia,
Chile, France, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom were added to the drafting committee,
bringing a wider range of religious, political, and cultural backgrounds to the table, and enhancing
the document's value. Following the discussions among UN members of the Commission on Human
Rights, the UDHR was approved by the General Assembly in 1948.
Thirty rights and freedoms articles are listed in the Declaration and are universally guaranteed to all
people. The incorporated rights still serve as the cornerstone of international human rights
legislation. The Declaration is still in effect today. This document has been translated globally.

4.1.1 ARTICLES OF UDHR

ARTICLE 1: FREE AND EQUAL
every human being is free and equal in dignity and rights. They should be treated equally.
ANALYSIS: This article is present in constitution of Pakistan. But unfortunately, this article is not
implemented properly in Pakistan.
ARTICLE 2: FREEDOM FROM DISCRIMINATION:
everyone can get their rights regardless of sex, race, language, social standing, etc.
ANALYSIS: This article is present in constitution of Pakistan. Apart from its presence in constitution there is
so much gender discrimination in Pakistan.
ARTICLE 3: RIGHT TO LIFE:
everyone has the right to live and to live in freedom and safety.
ANALYSIS: This article is present in constitution of Pakistan. However, there are still security threats in the
country, but steps are taken for the security of every citizen.
ARTICLE 4: FREEDOM FROM SLAVERY:
no one has the right to treat anyone as a slave and nor can anyone enslave you.
ANALYSIS: It is present in Pakistan and is clearly stated that enslaving anyone is prohibited.
ARTICLE 5: FREEDOM FROM TORTURE:
no one has the right to harm or torture you.

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ANALYSIS: This article is also present in fundamental human rights of pakistan and is implemented strictly.
There is some progress needed but still this article is not ignored.
ARTICLE 6: RIGHT TO RECOGNITION BEFORE LAW:
everyone should be legally protected equally everywhere.
ANALYSIS: This article is present but is not implemented. In Pakistan that person is legally important who is
from upper class hence we can say that this article is only present in constitution but not adopted.
ARTICLE 7: RIGHT TO EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW:
The law is the same for everyone and should be applied in the same way for everyone.
ANALYSIS: This article is part of constitution of Pakistan and is saying for equal rights of every individual
still this article is not fully implemented due to class differences in Pakistan.
ARTICLE 8: ACCESS TO JUSTICE:
Everyone has the right to get legal help and should have access to the justice system if their rights are
violated.
ANALYSIS: article is present in constitution but there is no implementation and accountability.
ARTICLE 9: FREEDOM FROM ARBITRARY DETENTION:
In constitution of Pakistan, it is clearly stated that no one should be detained forcefully for any reason. In
Pakistan, this article is not fully implemented but still government is working on it.
ARTICLE 10: RIGHT TO FAIR TRIAL:
trials should be fair and public and should be tried by an impartial tribunal.
ANALYSIS: This article is also present in constitution of Pakistan and is fully implemented up to some
extent and further progress will also be made in near future.
ARTICLE 11: PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE:
a person will be considered innocent until proven guilty according to law. And if accused of any crime you
have the right of defense.
ANALYSIS: This article is also part of our constitution and is implemented satisfactorily across the country.
There is some room for improvement but still this article is implemented satisfactorily.
ARTICLE 12: RIGHT TO PRIVACY:
you have the right to protection if someone tries to trespass on your private property or interfere with your
correspondence.
ANALYSIS: This article is present in our constitution and Pakistani law is extremely strict in the protection
of laws against any kind of interference in anyone's private property.
ARTICLE 13: FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT:
everyone has the right to leave or move in his own country and can return to his own country.
ANALYSIS: This article is part of our constitution which gives every citizen the right to move in their own
country and can travel to other countries and return from other countries to their own country.
ARTICLE 14: RIGHT TO ASYLUM:

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if anyone is persecuted in their home, then he\she has the right to seek protection in other countries.
ANALYSIS: This right is also given in our constitution which states that everyone has the right to seek and
enjoy asylum in other countries if they are persecuted.
ARTICLE 15: RIGHT TO NATIONALITY:
every individual has the right to belon to a country and have a nationality.
ANALYSIS: This right is also given in our constitution and states that no one should be illegally deprived of
his nationality and nor their right to change nationality be denied.
ARTICLE 16: RIGHT TO MARRY AND HAVE FAMILY:
Men and women of full age without any limitation due to this nationality or religion have the right to marry
and to find a family they are entitled to equal rights as to marriage during marriage and its dissolution.
ARTICLE 17: RIGHT TO OWN THINGS:
everyone has the right to own property alone as well as association with others no one shall be arbitrarily
deprived of his property.
ARTICLE 18: FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND RELIGION:
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought conscience and religion this right includes freedom to change his
right or belief and freedom either alone or in community with others and in public or private to manifest his
religion or belief in teaching practice worship and observance.
ANALYSIS: present in constitution of Pakistan.
ARTICLE 19: FREEDOM OF OPINION AND EXPRESSION:
everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. This right includes freedom to hold opinions
without interference and to seek receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless
of frontiers.
ANALYSIS: present in constitution of Pakistan.
ARTICLE 20 RIGHT TO PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATION:
you have the right to meet peacefully with others, no one can force you to belong to a group.
ARTICLE 21: RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN GOVERNMENT AND ELECTIONS:
You have the right to participate in your government either by holding an office or by electing someone to
represent you and everyone has the right to serve your country’s governments should be elected regularly by
fear and secret voting.
ANALYSIS: present as fundamental right in constitution of Pakistan.
ARTICLE 22: WRITE TO SOCIAL SECURITY:
The society you live in should provide you with social security and the rights necessary for your dignity and
development.
ARTICLE 23: RIGHT TO DESIRABLE WORK AND TO JOIN TRADE UNIONS:

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you have the right to work, to choose your work, and to work in good conditions. People who do the same
work should get the same pay, you should be able to earn a salary that allows you to live and support your
family. All people who work have the right to join together in unions to defend their interest.
ARTICLE 24: RIGHT TO REST AND LEISURE:
You have the right to rest and free time, your workday should not be too long, and you should be able to take
regular paid holiday.
ARTICLE 25: RIGHT TO ADEQUATE:
You have the right to the things you and your family need to have a healthy and comfortable life including
food clothing housing medical care and other social services you have the right to help if you’re out of work
or unable to work mothers and children should receive special care and help.
ARTICLE 26: WRITE TO EDUCATION:
you have the right to go to school primary schooling should be free and required you should be able to learn a
profession or continue your studies as far as at school you should be able to develop all your talents and learn
to respect others whatever they raise religion or nationality your parents should have to see in the kind of
education you receive.
ANALYSIS: present as fundamental rights in constitution of Pakistan.
ARTICLE 27: RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OF COMMUNITY:
You have the right to participate in the traditions and learning of your community to enjoy the arts and to
benefit from scientific progress if you’re an artist right or scientist your work should be protected, and you
should be able to benefit from it.
ARTICLE 28: RIGHT TO A SOCIAL ORDER:
you have a right to the kind of world where you and all people can enjoy these rights and freedom.
ARTICLE 29: RESPONSIBILITIES TO THE COMMUNITY:
your personality can only fully develop within your community, and you have responsibilities to that
community the law should guarantee human rights it should allow everyone to respect others and to be
respected these rights and freedoms should support the purposes and principles of the united nations.
ANALYSIS: not present in constitution of Pakistan.
ARTICLE 30: FREEDOM FROM INTERFERENCE IN THESE HUMAN RIGHTS:
no person, group or government anywhere in the world should do anything to destroy these rights.
ANALYSIS: not present in constitution of Pakistan.

5 CONCLUSION:
Pakistan boasts a multifaceted human rights policy, and ongoing efforts to strengthen it are crucial to
ensuring a just and equitable society for all. Here are some key areas where collaborative action by
the government, civil society, and citizens can lead to significant progress:

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1. Building a Robust Legal Framework:

 Enhancing Enforcement: Ensuring existing human rights laws are effectively

implemented through robust enforcement mechanisms.
 Addressing New Challenges: Adapting the legal framework to address emerging human
rights issues through inclusive legislative processes.
 Strengthening Judicial Independence: Supporting a strong and independent judiciary
that guarantees fair and impartial adjudication of human rights cases.

2. Fostering Accountability and Transparency:

 Establishing Effective Oversight: Implementing robust mechanisms to hold individuals

and institutions accountable for human rights violations.
 Promoting Openness and Dialogue: Encouraging transparency in governance and open
communication between government, civil society, and citizens on human rights issues.
 Strengthening Whistleblower Protections: Creating a safe environment for individuals
to report human rights abuses without fear of reprisal.

3. Embracing Inclusivity and Non-Discrimination:

 Combating Discrimination: Taking concrete measures to eradicate discrimination based

on any ground, including age, gender, religion, ethnicity, or disability.
 Promoting Equal Opportunities: Ensuring equal access to
education, healthcare, economic opportunities, and political participation for all citizens.
 Celebrating Diversity: Fostering a culture of tolerance and respect for different
backgrounds and beliefs.

4. Empowering Human Rights Institutions:

 Providing Adequate Resources: Ensuring National Human Rights Commissions and

other relevant institutions have sufficient resources to carry out their mandates
effectively.
 Granting Operational Independence: Guaranteeing the independence of human rights
institutions from undue influence, allowing them to operate freely and impartially.

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  Supporting their Recommendations: Implementing practical recommendations
provided by human rights institutions to address identified issues.

5. Cultivating a Culture of Awareness and Education:

 Integrating Human Rights Education: Incorporating human rights education into

school curricula and public awareness programs.
 Empowering Civil Society: Supporting the work of civil society organizations that
promote and protect human rights.
 Encouraging Public Participation: Creating platforms for citizens to engage in
dialogues and advocate for human rights improvements.

By working together across sectors and fostering a spirit of collaboration, Pakistan can make
significant strides towards strengthening its human rights framework and building a more just and
equitable society for all.

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6 REFERENCES
Hannum, H. (1998). The UDHR in national and international law. Health and Human rights, 144-158.
Khan, A. (2018). THE CONSTITUTION OF ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN, 1973.
Rawalpindi: Insaf Law House.
Articles related to human rights in Pakistan constitution. (cssnotes.pk)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights | United Nations
Ahmed, N. (2021). A Critical Analysis of Fundamental Rights Under the Constitution of Pakistan,
1973. Journal of Political Studies, 28(1), 11-21.

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