INTERNSHIP REPORT 2023 G.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

INTERNSHIP REPORT
HOSTING CAMPANY: SEID AHMED NUR CONSTRUCTION (SANCON)

NAME ID No
1. KALEAB TESFAYE…………………………………..0421/18
2. DANIEL DESSU……………………………………....2003/18
3. ALI WORKU…………………………………….….…2894/18
4. WORKNEH DEMISE...………………………….……0967/16

INTERNSHIP DURATION: JANUARY-MARCH 2023

ADVISOR: INS. AZEB. L

MARCH, 11/3/2023G.C
DILLA, ETHIOPIA

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DECELARATION
We, the students of Dilla University, declare that this report describes our four months stay in
Seid Ahmed Nur Construction and our working task within the company. We have done site and
office works by direct supervision of Mr. Wegayehu Mulugeta and Engineer Hawa Seman the
instructor at those areas of works and all source materials and pictures used while compiling this
report duly acknowledge. The contents in this report are not submitted to any other educational
institutions.

Name Signature Date

1. KALEAB TESFAYE _____________ _____________

2. DANIEL DESU _____________ _____________
3. ALI WORKU _____________ _____________
4. WORKENEH DEMISE _____________ _____________

Approval of Company Supervisor

I approve the students that worked with in our organization for the four months and they done all
the tasks given by the company supervisor.

Company Supervisor: Mr. WEGAYEHU MULUGETA

Signature: __________________

Approval of University Advisor

I approved the students that the main internship report contains the monthly internship report,
and the main internship reports.

University Advisor: Ins. AZEB.L (M.Sc.)

Signature: __________________

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all we would like to thank our Almighty God for giving us patience and strength from
beginning up to this Internship report and we would like to thank Dilla University Institute of
Technology specially CoTM department for facilitating and organizing such experiences. And
we also thankful for our Advisor AZEB.L and Inst. SAMUEL.G as coordinator, mentoring and
site coming, visiting and encouraging us. We would also like to thank Seid Ahmed Nur Con-
struction (SANCON) for accepting our request and assign us in a supervisor to whom our deep-
est gratitude is for sharing his experience, enlighten us the practical knowledge. Not forgetting
the staff members of the project for their help and corporation they have given us. At last we
would like to thank the site Supervisor Mr. WEGAYEHU MULUGETA and Engineer HAWA
SEMAN for giving all the time they had to help us with any problems we needed guidance with
and not being tired and always being so cooperative with anything we asked and also for being
encouraging. At last, we would like to say thanks our families, and all person who involved in
our academic success.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
It is a clear fact the knowledge of construction engineering cannot be upgraded without practical
experience in each field of the subject matter. This internship report paper represents our almost
three-months experience in Seid Ahmed Nur Construction Company, on B1 + G+12 Mixed Use
Building for a specific location Around Red cross in Adama City starting from its background as
it established in 1984 in Ethiopia context ,and its products mainly. For the last around three
months joining the company the report describe that we participate as working site engineer on
the office work as it’s a core base for overall construction in case of superstructure like column,
beams, lifts, stair, and slabs starting from all their office tasks that support the site physical im-
plementation assisted by the supervisor.

In other dimension we observe site work or building on its physical implementation area like as
listed above in office work in form of how they made, their bar arrangement, concrete casting
and equipment for the construction by asking question visualize the activity and capturing a pho-
to. In such a way the report is prepared by focusing up on the knowledge and skills that collected
from the internship visualization and practice mainly like; theoretical knowledge, interpersonal
communication skills, Team playing skills, leadership skills, and work ethics related issues gen-
erally more off management and real life experience. Again the report list out a conclusion for
all internship activities and give recommendation for the hosting company also for the university
as the company should follow the construction checklist and more off professional supervision
based works and for the sending university it will better to do more attention for about the practi-
cal based evaluation.

Keywords: Office work, Site work, Practical experience.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECELARATION ..................................................................................................................................................... I
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .......................................................................................................................................... II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... III
TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... IV
LIST OF FIGURE ................................................................................................................................................... VI
LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................................................................................... VII
LIST OF ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................................... IX
CHAPTER ONE .........................................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................1
1. OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY (HISTORY OF HOSTING COMPANY) ...........................................1
1.1 Background Of The Company ........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Brief History Of The Company ......................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Vision Of The Company……………………………………………………………………...….....2
1.4 Mission Of TheCompany……………………………………………………………………………2
1.5 Goal Of The Company………………………………………………………………………………2
1.6 Main Products And Services Of The Company………………………..…………………….……..2
1.7 End Users Of The Company’s Products………………….………………………………….……..3
1.8 Overall Organizational Structure And Work Flow …………………………………………….…...4

CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................................6

2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ........................................................................................................6
2.1 How We Joined The Company?.........................................................................................................6
2.2 Position Of Work……………………………………………………………...……………………..6
2.3 Project Description And Section Of The Project We Have Worked In The Company…………...…8
2.3.1 Project Description ...................................................................................................................... 8
2.3.2 Site Work .................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3.2.1 Super Structure .................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2.2 Concrete Quality Test.......................................................................................................... 23
2.3.3 Office Work............................................................................................................................... 24
2.3.3.1 Takeoff Sheet ...................................................................................................................... 25
2.3.3.2 Bar Schedule ....................................................................................................................... 25
2.3.3.3 Payment Certificate ............................................................................................................. 26

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2.3.3.4 Bill Of Quantity (Boq) ........................................................................................................ 27

2.3.3.5 Schedule Work With Ms Project ......................................................................................... 28
2.3.3.6 Cost Break Down ................................................................................................................ 29
2.4 How Good Was The PerformanceOfActivities?...............................................................................30
2.5 Challenges We Have Faced……………………………………………………...…………......….31
2.6 Measures We Have Taken To Overcome Those Challenges…………………………………..…..32

CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................................. 33

3. THE OVERALL BENEFITS WE GAINED FROM THE ITERNSHIP ..................................................... 33
3.1. In Terms Of Improving Our Practical Skill……………………………………………………..…33
3.2. In Terms Of Upgrading Our Theoretical Knowledge…………………………….…………….….33
3.3. Interpersonal Communication Skills………………………………….……………..…………....34
3.4. Team Playing Skills……………………………………………………………….…………..…..34
3.5. Leadership Skills………………………………………………………………….…………..…..34
3.6. Understanding about Work Ethics…………………………………………….…………………..35
3.7. In Terms Of Entrepreneurship Skills……………………………………………………………...35

CHAPTER FOUR……………………………………………………………………………………………..……36
4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................................... 36
4.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….……………...…….36
4.2 Recommendation For Hosting Company……………………………………………………….......37
4.2.1 Recommendation For University .............................................................................................. 37

REFERENCE ............................................................................................................................................................ 38
APPENDICE ............................................................................................................................................................. 39

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure1.1 Heading ...................................................................................................................................................1

Figure1.2 Executive Hotel No. 2 .........................................................................................................................4
Figure 1.3 Organization Chart At Project Level .............................................................................................5
Figure 1.4 Organization Chart At Company Level ........................................................................................5
Figure 2.1 Design Picture Of A Building .........................................................................................................9
Figure 2.2 Checking Drawing How To Change To Work ......................................................................... 10
Figure 2.3 Stirrup And Concrete Cover .......................................................................................................... 11
Figure 2.4 Column Bar Reinforcement ........................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2.5 Formwork For Column .................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 2.6 Vertical Alignments Keeping For Column ................................................................................ 13
Figure 2.7 Small Formworks .............................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 2.8 Curing ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 2.9 Increased Columns............................................................................................................................ 15
Figure 2.10 Formwork And Reinforcement For Beams ............................................................................. 15
Figure 2.11 Scaffolding And Slab Formwork ............................................................................................... 17
Figure 2.12 Shear Wall......................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 2.13 Formwork For Stair ........................................................................................................................ 19
Figure 2.15 Casted Lifts And Stair ................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2.16 Construction Materials .................................................................................................................. 20
Figure 2.17 Batching Of Concrete Its Mix Site ............................................................................................ 21
Figure 2.18 Compressive Strength Tests ........................................................................................................ 24
Figure 2.19 Takeoff Sheet Format .................................................................................................................... 25
Table 2.20: Bar Schedule Format ...................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 2.21 Payment Certificate ........................................................................................................................ 27
Table 2.22 Bill Of Quantity Format ................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 2.23 Cost Break Down ............................................................................................................................ 29
Figure 2.24: The Site In Current Status ........................................................................................................... 30
Figure 2.25crane Truck ........................................................................................................................................ 30

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Figure 2.26truck Mixer ........................................................................................................................................ 31

Figure 2.27 Loader ................................................................................................................................................ 31
Figure 2.28 Vibrator .............................................................................................................................................. 31

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 1.1 Product / Service Delivered By Seid Ahmed Nur Construction .............................................3
Table 2.1 Mixing Ratio ........................................................................................................................................ 22

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LIST OF ACRONYMS
SANCON Seid Ahmed Nur Construction
PLC Private Limited Company
B+G+”X” Basement Plus Ground Plus”X” Building
BOQ Bill of Quantity
DBB Design bid build
EBCS Ethiopian Building Code of Standard
GC General Contractor
MS Microsoft
& And

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1. OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY (HISTORY OF HOSTING COMPANY)

1.1 Background of the Company

Seid Ahmed Nur Construction PLC was established in 1984 to fulfill the construction needs of
the owner of the company. The company has got its title after the name of the owner Seid Ah-
med Nur. At that moment, the company could have built different buildings that belong to the
owner Ato Seid Ahmed Nur the owner of the company, has started to construct buildings and
civil works for himself with an Italian engineer named Fikadu Bantuma. The dedication of the
company’s founder and staffs, aided by the conductive economic and political environment cre-
ated has helped to facilitate to keep a steady growth of the company within a short period of time
and continues to do so. Now they are constructed B1+G+ 12 mixed uses building in Adama.

Figure1.1 Heading
1.2 Brief History of the Company

At the beginning, company-built Palace Hotel, in Adama city (Kebele09). After that, the com-
pany continued to build four projects like “Nur Gebeya” (Keble19), “Wulesh Gibi” in (kebele20)
and others since 1986 E.C. Thus, the company had stayed on constructing its own projects for
more than 9 years. During this time, the contractor had increased its capital in a great rate. Start-
ing from 1994E.C, for about seven years, the company had passed a remarkable time to support
governmental institution and it come an experienced company’s within decades.

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Seid Ahmed Nur general contractor company has been contracting different construction in var-
ious parts of the country and a lot of products and services those are important to the country. Its
core values are quality service, customer satisfaction, transparence and accountability, teamwork,
learning and continuous improvement, and social responsibility. Seid Ahmed Nur construction is
a privet contractors company committed to high & excelling quality of construction work.

1.3 Vision of the company

Observing a developed, beautiful and internationally competitive country.

An active and leading sector of the Ethiopian development.

To be a very competent construction company on different civil works across the

country.

To have a license of class one construction company.

1.4 Mission of the company

Solving the country’s infrastructure problems like road & housing.

Take an active part in the nation’s real estate development thus ensuring maximum
customer satisfaction.

Contribute a major role in the hospitality industry of the country.

1.5 Goal of the company

Infrastructure developments like buildings, roads, etc.

Construction industry development.

1.6 Main Products and Services of the company

Seid Ahmed Nur Construction Company have been constructing different constructions in vari-
ous parts of the country as he is a general contractor give utility for above 3 decades
and have a lot of products and services those are important to the country. Such as taking con-
tracts of construction work like high-rise building in different region like in Addis Ababa, and
many other Building constructions. From those few are mentioned below;

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 Multipurpose buildings,
 Institutional buildings,
 Apartments,
 Commercial building,
 Hotels and
 Offices.

Table 1.1 Product / service delivered by Seid Ahmed Nur Construction

NO. PRODUCT/SERVICE LOCATION PURPOSE

1. Palace Hotel Kebele09 Hotel

Multipurpose
2. Nur gebeya Kebele19 commercial
building

3. Apartment Building Kebele14 collage Residential building

Multipurpose hall
4. Hall building MebratHayl
building

1.7 End users of the company’s products

As we have mentioned on the history of the company Seid Ahmed Nur; commercial, multipur-
pose building and other civil infrastructures are the main products of the company and its work
mainly focused on the satisfaction of needs of society. As its services and products are wide and
acceptable works Seid Ahmed Nur Construction has many customers from them few are listed
below;
 Executive Hotel Plc [Executive No. 1, Executive No. 2]
 Dada mall [Adama ,Oromiya]
 Hamza Ahmed [multipurpose commercial building]
 Ware house and office [Unity University No. 1,MebratHayl No. 2]

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Figure1.2 Executive Hotel No. 2

1.8 Overall organizational structure and work flow

In order to handle the construction, marketing, financial and administrative activities of the
business enterprise, strong management team is required. To build this team systematically the
following summarized organization structure is implemented. Any project no matter how big or
small the scale requires a well put together organization and work flow that is suitable to nature
of the project.
Work flow
The project overall organization starts from the project manager and below him there are six
team with their own specific jobs and team members. Each team has its own team leader and the
team leaders have direct contact with the project manager. All teams have interlock relationship
with each other. The workflow in sections of the site works was good and the power is come
from the manager and transfer to the other system. The hierarchy or structure represents the
whole workers and stakeholders that perform on the company’s activity for one goal and project
accomplishment together starting at the top that are the project manager and it goes up to lower
hierarchy daily labor. In our company the project manager perform various activities as a man-
ager like direct the work that performed by labors under his duty, in such way the project is come
to accomplish then hand over to the Clint as his intention.

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Figure 1.3 Organization chart at project level

Figure 1.4 Organization chart at company level

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CHAPTER TWO

2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1 How we joined the company?

Dilla University gave us the opportunity to practice what we had learned in the past four years
we using an internship program. After taking the internship request paper from our department,
we have start to searching. Companies who are willing to accept us for internship program we
have request for many contractors and consultant firms at Adama town. These are a private as
well as public companies and enterprises. When the time comes we have gotten different ac-
ceptance letter from the firm or company we just prepare and ready for the really interesting and
practicing time that we have learned in the past four years. During our internship period we have
contacted with different person who are skilled, unskilled and professionals and get a very im-
portant knowledge and information regarding to what to do and not to do in construction site.
In the company or Seid Ahmed Nur Construction (SANCON) as we start working both site and
office practice with skilled profession site engineer, site supervisor and project manager and oth-
er stake holders and from unskilled like bar bender carpenter and the likes we just come real a
engineers.
The reasons why we choose this site:
 It is a huge and complex building that leaves for us big knowledge in
different aspects.
 It was not that much far from the places we lived.
 Easy transport access.
 We heard the site was very active.
 We also heard that they had a good history on their work ethics.

2.2 Position of work

Position of work

In our site there are various profession/position which undertaken their role and responsibility to
perform the work smoothly and to meet the project goals and objectives and interest of the own-
er. The professional or different stake holder performs in various project positions. These posi-

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tions are describing as follows:

Client: - Someone who is the owner of the building that is being processed. All project clients
will need to: provide pre-construction information to the designer and contractors. Allow suffi-
cient time and resources of all appoints, ensure suitable management of the project welfare facili-
ties,

Project manager: Plans, arranges and leads the site and office engineer team activities.

 Check whether the project goes in the time schedule or not.

 Checks the construction material is used properly or not.
 Reporting a problem that occurs on the project which is beyond the capacity of
the project.

Site engineer: Site engineer in construction has a responsibility to make sure that the work is
implemented based on the design and based on specifications used by the company. Control all
the construction activities on the site starting from the very beginning. In construction sites, de-
pending on the schedule given by the project manager, the site engineer;

 Check the excavation and earth works according to specification and drawings,
 Check the construction of all structural and finishing works,
 Make all necessary reports to the Project Engineer.

Office Engineer: Collect data on the site from data collector or surveyor and compile these
data and make report to the Project manager and make detail drawings to be easy.

Foreman: Acts as an agent’s right hand man for the execution of the work in the field, his duty
being to keep the work moving ahead daily as the agent has planned it.

Cabo: - Cabo controls the distribution of labors throughout the site. He also controls the number
of labors at each work place, transfer of labors from one place to another as labor general con-
troller.
Administrator: Administer the workers (employees), takes care of the employment of new
workers and checks the working performance and punctuality of the workers with the time
keeper.

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Finance: Takes care of monthly salary (fee) of the employees, finance the purchasing of
requested materials by receiving a commands and directions of the clients and the project con-
tractor.
Store keepers: Controls the amount and type of material of the construction Entering and
leaving from the store by preparing some forms and sometimes act as a general keeper of sites.

2.3 Project description and Section of the project we have worked in the
Company

2.3.1 Project description

This project started in October 19, 2021 with constructing a soil protection mechanism to control
erosion of soil and other effects that attack the stability of high rise building. The construction
work is started with site clearing and then bulk excavation then marking for pit excavation as the
size of different footings with working space, in this the retaining wall and footings aligned/ in-
terconnected with bars. In such way it goes to trench construction and back filling. While train-
ing for about three months with the company, they trained us both office works and on site activ-
ities. We are tried to visualize the activities on site like column Form work & concrete works for
stairs lift, shear wall, and beams. The project has three main parts which any mega construction
project must have, client, consultant and contractor. The company deals with client to work with
unit price contracts and DBB (design bid build) delivery system. The building is 1(basement) &
G+12 for mixed use building which is constructed by Seid Ahmed Nur Construction company
for client Hamza Ahmed and Arch Abyssinian Consulting Architects And Engineers as a con-
sultant in Adama town. Seid Ahmed Nur Construction Company signed a 459 million birr pro-
ject agreement around Red Cross here in Adama on September 15, 2020.The company will con-
struct and hand over a 12-floor building block on 1350 square meters area of land within five
years including all agreement cases and market price inflation, stop working for four months as a
part of these five years.

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Figure 2.1 Design picture of a building

In our site which described in above, we have been trying to participate and work on the whole
exertion into site-work and office-work.

 Site and
 Office works.

2.3.2 Site work

It is an activity for a fully functional building or to accomplish building combined with the office
work and worked out of office. When we started our internship program the project was at a
transition from natural ground to first floor. At the beginning of our internship period we only
visit the site and adapt the environment. After one week of our entrance we start playing differ-
ent role for the company. In the site work we acted like a site engineer. This includes
 Reading of working drawing especially number and size of reinforcement
bar, related to their placement and form work design with various shapes and
type.
 Overseeing column bar arrangement and how they tie with connecting stir-
rups and their dimension of bar,
 See one by one during checking/keeping vertical and horizontal alignments
and form work for lift, column, beam, slab and a little bit stair case.
 See how cast concrete main structure of the building,
 Checking for the concrete batching proportions at the mixing site for each ac-
tivities /tasks and
 Asking unclear thing each of workers of the company in different profession

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Figure 2.2 Checking drawing how to change to work

2.3.2.1 Super structure

Super structure is a structure which is constructed above the ground level. And mainly involves
the columns, beams, shear wall, staircase, and lifts, formworks and we try to gather practical and
interesting knowledge on the above task of a project as much as possible.
A. Column

Columns are usually considered as vertical structural elements, but they can be positioned in any
orientation (e.g. diagonal and horizontal compression elements in a truss). The loads applied to a
column are only axial loads. In our site there are about 42 columns with size or diameter of
90*40,85*85,80*80,70*70,75*75,65*65,60*60,55*55,50*50,50*40,45*45,40*40,and30*30 with
circular, rectangular, and square shapes. The height of a column can be measured from floor to
bottom part of a beam. Every reinforced concrete (RC) has a process so that a column is one of
reinforced concrete structure and has also a process that should be followed appropriately for ef-
fective end product of a column. The first step is making a base point or a starter to erect the
formwork accurately as per designed size of the column. They called it on site crachary. It has
been done by calculating the size of the column and formwork material. After constructing the
starter or crachary reinforcement of bar will prepared.

Reinforcement of column

Ø8 for stirrups
Ø16,ø20,ø24 For column
Ø20 for beam & Ø14, ø10, ø12 for slabs.

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Longitudinal (main) steel bar:-To starter bars are projecting from the column or foundation
below.
Stirrups (Staffa): Serve as shear reinforcement and tied on longitudinal reinforcements to pro-
vide resistance against out ward buckling.

The use of stirrups;

 To resist shear.
 To restrict the growth of diagonal tension cracks.
 To tie longitudinal bars.
 To improve ductility.

Concrete cover (Spacer):

It’s a small shaped concrete cover with 2.5-5cm thickness which used to provide space between
the steel reinforcement and the form work this space will be filled with concrete. Again it used
for fire resistance steel bar reinforcement and prevents visualization of the bars after removal of
formwork. It’s made of 1:3 ratio proportions of cement and sand mixing with water

Figure 2.3 Stirrup and concrete cover

- Stirrup for column should be bent at 45 degree not at 90 degree unless they will open during an
earthquake.
- It performed or made by bar bender (ferayo) which given in the stirrup detail drawing.

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Crachery
(Starter)

Figure 2.4 Column bar reinforcement

Procedures of column work:-
1.Checking the vertical alignment from the bottom column using plumb bob (Tumby) and put-
ting crachery in its proper position which is done in the next day after the slab is casted.
2. Transferring this checked value to all column position using then putting crachery for all
columns.
3. Then preparing and placing reinforcement bar, including the stirrup with proper spacing
according to the plan. Here we need to check each column before the form work is
constructed.
4. Checking Horizontal alignment of column. The horizontal alignment of column is checked by
measuring distance from alignment rope to formwork. In our site there were three types of
columns used based on geometry they are square, rectangular, and circular shaped column.
5. After making sure it is properly aligned, it must be reinforced with wood work to maintain its
shape during the casting process.
6. Now the casting process may begin. Every 30-50 cm the vibration process is done layer by
layer to remove air bubbles and make sure the concrete has reached every void in the form
work.
7. Remove the formwork after 16 hours.

Formwork

Formwork is temporary support construction designed. It can be constructed from timber or met-
al and should be capable of withstanding the live and dead loads imposed on it during the time of

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construction. Also it is an open box into which a freshly mixed concrete poured & compact. It is
used to mold any structural member to the desired shape & support the reinforced concrete until
it achieves its strength. To do a formwork, we measure the structural member dimension then we
will cut the ply wood including the thickness of ply wood. We will attach on the concrete cover
tied on the reinforcement bar after that we will attach using nail.

Formwork

Gaucho
Cravat Stanga

Figure 2.5 Formwork for column

- Checking the vertical alignment from the bottom column using plumb bob (Tumby) or by fixing
- Stone by string and fall down.

Plumb bob

Figure 2.6 Vertical alignments keeping for column

 Penci: is a small sized which is used to fill the small opening in formwork. They used as a filler
open space in any part of a building as the required opening size and they prepared intentionally
when the opening occurs to close concrete to be casted.

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Figure 2.7 Small formworks

Curing

The curing time may depend on concrete type, the type of the structural element and environ-
ment of the working station. There are two setting times of concrete namely, initial setting time
and final setting time. The former one is setting time from placing of concrete up to dismantling
of the formwork. It is 24 hrs for columns, slabs and beams. The final setting time is the time
from dismantling of formwork to the final setting of concrete. It is 7 days for columns and beams
and 21 days for slabs. In our site curing is by spraying and covering method.

Figure 2.8 Curing

Increasing columns height

In our working site most circular columns short in height compared to other rectangular means
that casted by plywood formwork, this circular columns casted by panel metal formwork and this
panel is not equal in height with intended height of circular column which is 4m but the panel
heights 3.50 m so, to fill this remain 0.5m height of a column our site or the engineer decide to

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do the following procedures;

 Rise the panel about 0.5m from the bottom at the casted column,

 Make/ construct abed like structure around the panel ,

 Sit the panel on the increased height, and fit properly with the casted column,

 Mix concrete by adding chemical construction/bonding agent for good connection with
the precast column.

Figure 2.9 Increased columns

B.Beam
Beams are structural members of buildings used to carry slab and wall load and transfer these
load to the supporting columns. It is also a structural element that is capable of withstanding load
primarily by resisting its bending forces.

Figure 2.10 Formwork and reinforcement for beams

 Form work for beam: this is a three sided box supported and in the correct position and
to the desired level.

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 Both sides of form work called sponda and the bottoms called fondo by site language
and the standing that use to carry beams are cristy (fonte).
 There are three main different reinforcements on beam. Which are positive bar, negative bar, and
stirrup (site name as Staffa).
1. Positive bar: these kinds of bars are manly used to resist the positive moments. These mo-
ments developed at the mid span on the beams and these positive bars are placed t the mid span.
2. Negative bar: these are bars used to resist negative moment. Negative bar are provided at one
third of the total length (L/3) because most of the time negative bending acts at that position.
3. Stirrups: they are placed to provide diagonal shear resistance. Therefore, stirrups are provided
to take the shear stress.
- Beam work procedure;

A. Before casting

B. During casting

C. After casting

- Before casting

1. Alignment of reinforcement.

2. Reinforcement diameter, number and overlap length (50 times diameter of the reinforcement)

3. Position of overlap of reinforcement as per the design.

4. Stirrup spacing.

5. Provision of spacer (type, shape, dimension, spacing, and method of fixing it to maintain the

required concrete cover).

6. Conformity of the formwork with approved formwork design.

7. Conformity with the approved formwork design i.e. Dimension, shape, strength, method of
fixing, rigidity, bracing detail and method of removing the formwork.

8. The quality of formwork.

9. Volume of the required material for the required concrete volume during casting.

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- During casting

1. The availability of enough man power and machineries.

2. The appropriate use of vibrator.

3. Way of The execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the concrete trav-
el).

- After casting

1. Props to the beam will be dismantled after 14 days.

2. The time frame for the removal of soft of beam is 21 day.

C. SLAB

Slab is the flat member of the structure which form floor and roof which carries uniformly
distributed loads. The type of slab used in our site is solid the whole up to 12th story but we can’t
arrive at the slabs casting even reinforcement but we can observe the overall formwork construc-
tion.

Advantage of the solid slab:-

- It is sound insulator.
- Have higher strength.
Disadvantage of the solid slab:-

- It is not easy for electrical and sanitary installation.

- It is costly.
- It is also heavy, in its load on the structure.

Figure 2.11 Scaffolding and Slab formwork

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D. Shear wall

Shear wall is a structural member in a reinforced concrete framed structure to resist vibration
load which comes from lift, stair and lateral forces such as wind forces and Shear wall is im-
portant for constructing bridge which connects one block with another i.e. block A with block B.
shear wall has its own footing, transferring its load directly to the ground and it is like another
structural member subjected to both flexure and shear.
The procedures used in site to construct shear wall:-
1. First the masons construct internal formwork.
2. The re-bars are placed properly and are tied together.
3. After they finish tying the bars, the carpenters start to construct external formworks and scaf-
foldings.
4. The mixer operator starts to mix the concrete.
5. Then the concrete mix is poured in to the formwork.
6. They vibrate the mix in order to blow out the air bubbles.
7. The form work will be removed after the concrete curing for 16 hour.

Figure 2.12 Shear wall

E. Stair

Stairs are set of steps leading from one floor to another or it’s a mode of vertical transportation in
the building. Steps arranged in series and placed in an enclosure are called Staircase. In our site
there are 2 lifts and stares with dog leg shapes structured. There are few calculations in order to
get height of riser, length of flight and total tread length that is more about its construction. In
order to get height from GF up to landing we divide the length from GF up to FF to two. The
first thing in stair construction is dividing the floor height in to two, then by using string we get

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the bottom of stair or soffit slab. Then props will be erected.

- Steps to construct stair:
 Inclined form work is prepared
 Formwork for waist is placed
 Reinforcement bars are placed
 Spacers are used with bars
 Form work along the length of the riser constructed Verticality of the riser checked by
plumb bob.
 Casted with C30 grade of concrete
 after 21day formwork removed

Figure 2.13 Formwork for stair

F. Lifts

Lifts are like stair its mode of vertical transportation from one to other story that assisted by elec-
tric. In our site like stairs there are two lifts with thickness of 20 and 25cm with 4m height that
attached to stair as alternative way.

Figure 2.14 Internal formwork and reinforcement for lift

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Casting of concrete: - Casting involves placing and compacting concrete in its final position to
have the desired shape and thickness.

Lift shaft

Lift house

Figure 2.15 Casted lifts and stair

Concrete work

 It doesn’t require complex equipment and special skill.

 It is good compression and used as a complex material with steel.
 It is less costly.

In concrete cement is used to bind sand and aggregates and the binding properties of cement is
affected by type of cement used and the amount of water added.
Sand is used as a fill between aggregates and this avoids presence of voids between aggregate
materials. Also the presence of sand in concrete mix with a certain ratio is needed to reduce the
quantity of cement to be used. But excess sand will also result in consumption of much cement.

Figure 2.16 Construction materials

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Concrete work in any task it prepared in the following procedure,

Concrete batching

In our site concrete material proportion or measuring is performed by loader with known and
well designed which is indicated in figure; in the bucket of loader there are 3 bar welded along
longitudinal direction which are full, half and quarter in three lines. In such way batching is car-
ried out with various mix ratios and in most mix even in our site the gauge box used is 50*40*16
for concrete grade C30 and ratio of 1:2:3 the full loader contain 22 box of coarse and fine aggre-
gate, at half line 11 and 52 bags of cement with 7 min water inserting. Full truck mixer can able
to mix concrete about 7m3 at once if there is no longer transportation rate.

Figure 2.17 Batching of concrete its mix site

Mix proportions

The concrete mix shall be designed to have the minimum cement content and the grading be-
tween the limits shown for course and fine aggregate shall be such as to produce a workable and
dense concrete with appropriate water-cement ratio.

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Table 2.1 Mixing ratio

Concrete grade Ratio Box size (cm)3 Cement (kg) Uses

C5 1:5:7 40*50*20 150 Lean concrete

C20 1:2:3 40*50*20 280 Footing pad,

Grade beams

C25 1:2:3 40*50*18 360 Footing col-

umn, slab

C 30 1:2:3 40*50*16 400 Elevation col-

umn, shear wall

Mixing of concrete

In our site the company has its own batching site which is located at Unity University. The con-
crete shall be mixed in an efficient automatic mechanical mixer of an approved type and of suffi-
cient capacity. The mixing operation shall continue until the cement is thoroughly distributed
throughout the mass and shall last at least 2 minutes or forty turns of the drum after the whole of
the water has been added total water about 7min.
Additives to Concrete

In our site there are owned Batching site at Unity University and are transported to Red Cross. If
there is long distance of traffic jam between the batching plant and the construction site, special
admixtures (retarders) should be used up on approval by the engineer.
Transportation of concrete

Concrete is to be transferred from the place of mixing to the place of final deposit as rapidly as
possible to avoid re-handling and flowing of segregation.
Placing of concrete

Concrete shall be placed before setting has commenced and in any case within 30 minutes from

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the time that the water is added in the mixer. Concrete shall not be discharged during placing
from a height in excess of 2.5m according to EBCS.
Supervision

Before Casting

 the vertical and the horizontal alignment should be checked (with ligna and Tumby)
 spacing between bar should be checked
 reinforcement diameter overlap length 50 times diameter (50D )of the reinforcement
should be checked
 stirrup spacing should be checked

During Casting

 the appropriate use of vibrator

 check the mix ratio and the mix itself
 Way of the execution of the work (way of mixing, way of placing, distance the concrete
After Casting

 proper curing
 check if there is segregation

2.3.2.2 Concrete Quality Test

 Compressive strength test

 Slump test

From the above common tests of concrete we investigate the cube compressive strength of a
concrete test. Before starting any concrete works of the project physical and chemical tests will
be carried out on sand and aggregate to be used for the works at a laboratory. The test results will
be submitted to the Engineer for approval.
 Compressive strength test
The compressive strength of the concrete is continuously tested whenever a concrete mix is made
for the structure. Eight test cubes of each (15cm*15cm*15cm) are taken for each test. Out of the
six cubes, three will be tested for 7 days’ strength which should be greater than 70% of the

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compressive strength of the 28th day strength, and the rest will be tested for the 28days
compressive strength which should fulfill the required strength and at the end the concrete should
be load resistant that applied on it.

Figure 2.18 Compressive strength tests

 Slump test
Slump test is measuring the workability of concrete by a mold in the shape of a frustum of a cone
with base diameter of 20cm and top diameter of 10cm and height of 30cm. A tamping rod of
steel 16mm diameter and 0.6m long is used to compact the concrete in the mold.

2.3.3 Office work

As our internship program the project was at a transition from natural ground to first floor We
just try to finish the first floor beam, column, lifts, stair and formwork, bar schedule, concert
work, and cost breakdown, At this stage, each component of the planned building is quantified
for the estimation of the cost that the project is to be implemented with. It has the following ma-
jor components after we observe and analyze the drawing;
1. Takeoff sheet
2. Bar schedules
3. Bill of quantities
4. Payment certificate
5. Schedule work with MS Project
6. Cost break down

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2.3.3.1 Takeoff sheet

Takeoff sheet is the process of measuring quantities from detail construction drawing.
The measurements are recorded on paper known as takeoff sheet dimension prepared in the site
we prepare this sheet for concrete and work formwork for column, beam, stair, and lifts in the
following general format.

Figure 2.19 Takeoff sheet format

2.3.3.2 Bar Schedule

It is used to record; location, shape, diameter and length of re-bars together with number of
members and center to center distance (for stirrups) and total quantities of the bars taken from
structural details. It helps us to prepare the work order with minimum wastage, to know the
number of 12m re-bar (berga) and manage wastage easily. When we prepare the bar schedule in
office work on ground floor slab it’s difficult to read or understand the length of bar on related to
actual on work as the engineer tell as it’s because of different errors like concrete filling of col-
umn this make to vary the required length of bar length. We prepare it in the following g format.

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Figure 2.20: Bar schedule format

2.3.3.3 Payment certificate

Is a document verified by the construction project owner to keep an account of the work & ap-
proved by the contractor. This certificate can be provided after a particular completion stage of
the project.
 payment certificate comprehend the following:
 Advance payment: is a payment requested by the contractor to help them start-
up a construction works but to acquire the requested payment the contractor
should prepare a bond if the contractor not fulfill the contractual obligation,
will return the advance payment.
 Previous payment: It is a payment paid previously for completion of some
construction works in the project.
 Retention: is an amount held back from a payment up to 5% under the con-
tract to make sure the contractor properly completes the construction & ensure
the client if any problem happen in the completed construction work within a
year it provide as a fund to repair the defect.
 Executed amount: is the overall of construction work done expressed in terms
of money.

- Finally we will deduct the advance payment plus previous payment including their 15% VAT
& retention from the executed amount then we will prepare the net service payment & certify
the payment by the concerned people through their signature.

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- The format to perform this payment for execution of the project seems like this,

|||||||||||||||||||||

Figure 2.21 Payment certificate

2.3.3.4 Bill of quantity (BOQ)

It is the format which used in a bill of quantity to list include a short description of the specifica-
tion along with its measuring units, quantity and unit price to determine the total cost for trade of
item prepared by office engineers and Submitted to main office. The contract agreement used in
our site is unit price hence, the take bill of quantity is only prepared to know the contractors prof-
it within each week. As described in takeoff we prepare BOQ for those tasks that given for us.

Figure 2.22 Bill of quantity format

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2.3.3.5 Schedule work with MS Project

A schedule work is used to progress work according to with a timeframe, which help us to do
work on time according to the contract. We do schedule work on a software application known
as MS-Project mostly used & the other one with an advance called primavera. We saw a sched-
ule work done on a MS-Project. To do a schedule work we should first work a BOQ on excel to
know the quantity of the work, which help us to estimate the number of the workers & the dura-
tion of work, then select project option and define the project by arranging the following task;
o Adjust type of calendar & currency we will use.
o Adjust the working time includes: The fiscal year start in, the week start on & working
hour.
o Finally we will adjust the task mode either manually or auto schedule. Manually means
we will adjust the duration, the starting & finishing date by our self but auto schedule
means adjusting the duration, the starting & finishing time by itself. After defining the
project we will calculate the schedule. When building the project plan to Calculate the
schedule, the information supplied includes.
o Add activities on the task column.
o Add columns to custom information.
o Find the duration of the tasks. We will find in two ways, the first one is using a formula
(duration = Quantity/number of workers*output of crew per day) the other one is by as-
signing resource to each activities.
o Task dependence work finally assigns recourses.

Task dependence is use to establish relationship b/n tasks, which reflect how successor task de-
pend on the predecessor. There are four types of task dependence.

 Finish-to-start: successor will start after predecessor task is finished.

 Start-to-start: successor cannot start until predecessor task start, which means both starts
equally.
 Finish-to-finish: the link tasks means successor & predecessor tasks should be end
equally.
 Start-to-finish: predecessor task cannot finish unit successor task start.

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In addition to the four types of dependence there are some concepts to adjust the dependence,
which is called lag & lead. Lag means addition of day or delay b/n two tasks that share depend-
ency & we will use a positive sign. Lead means overlapping works on its predecessor.

2.3.3.6 Cost break down

It refers to the process of identifying the factor that determines the price of a products and
productivity of labors. Again it’s the systematic process of identifying the individual elements
that comprise the total cost of goods, service or package.
We prepare break down for the concrete work, formwork. Reinforcement bars for column beam
lift stair shear mesh in the following tabular format.

Figure 2.23 Cost break down

Piece of work we have been executed;

As an internship Student we performed different works during our apparent time on the project
we have tried to do on thus basic topics particular.
- Checking bars that are installed in structure like ground floor lift, stair, and Column
by referring the drawing plan and their overlaps,
- Checking the placement and position of bars at different task,
- Work on concrete work from its batching and transporting the ready concrete in to
the casting area,
- More about office tasks preparing and observe like take off, BOQ, bar schedule and
ms-task scheduling, and oiling the formwork for easy removal after casted concrete
dried and checks the spacer in any task that has reinforcement in it and need form-
works.

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Figure 2.24: The site in current status

2.4 How good was the performance of activities?

During our internship time it was good means we can gather many knowledge that we want to
know in practice aspects. We attend on the job training in a good way and actively take im-
portant notes and photos and more of asking from all professions about the work being done
moreover; we ask the site engineer, and the foreman and the workers if there is anything we can’t
understand. Furthermore, we work each task ordered by the supervisor diligently and interesting-
ly so that we can improve our practical and theoretical skills at large. Also, we see the time in
good perspectives which help us to know basic machineries in construction.

Equipments that we observe in our site

 The company have so many owned machineris starting from small to huge, from those we can
able to observe the following , when they ar at working.
Crane truck: Are vehicles with a machine designed to help them lift, lower or move heavy ob-
jects.

Figure 2.25Crane truck

Truck mixer: is used to transport a concrete from the batching plant found around to the con-
struction site.

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Figure 2.26Truck mixer

Loader: is heavy equipment that load and move materials like soil, rock, and sand, demolition
debris into other machinery or dumping site.

Figure 2.27 loader

Vibrator: Vibrators are the essential equipment for concrete casting. The presence of air voids
in the concrete reduces the strength of concrete and when dry it will create cracks. So, the vibra-
tor is used to compact concrete mix by avoid air voids in the concrete mix.

Figure 2.28 Vibrator

2.5 Challenges we have faced

There are many challenges we faced during our internship in the past four months. From those:
 The main challenge that we have faced during the internship time is to understand the

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site language and terminologies applied by different work groups, as we are new for site
works,
 Lack of safety wears i.e. safety shoe, helmets and other personal protection equipments,
 Site clearing from unwanted nail inside wood and it’s not safe for leg at the end flexi-
ble work flow,
 The ladder that made in the site is not sloppy or its 900 to the ground, and it’s not safe
and comfortable for us even for worker,
 Improper bar handling , it close all the working site and it’s not easy to move in the site
 We can’t get office work easily at the first time because of engineer perform at d/t sites.

2.6 Measures we have taken to overcome those challenges

 Asking and try to search about new words from daily labors, engineer that are work in the
company.
 Try to keep our safety as much as possible starting from wearing proper working shoes ,
keep other measures like don’t walking along unsuitable and crowd areas.
 As, engineer we try to recommend or by saying it’s better to do on that proper and check-
list based ladder standing, and other things.
 By recommend , as the bar for working will corrode and minimize its overall perfor-
mance if it take with improper handling and keep it at the same place, even it need shade
and wooden made bed like structure.
 In case of office work, contact with engineer with is free time with his permission.

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CHAPTER THREE

3. THE OVERALL BENEFITS WE GAINED FROM THE ITERNSHIP

3.1 In terms of improving our Practical skill

During our internship experience, we have been able to gain a lot of practical knowledge .such
as;

As a prior, improves our communicating language used at construction site.

Activities that we practice in both office and site works.
How to dimension and check the vertical alignment of column form-work using plumb
bob.
Method of batching.
It gives us the ability to change or construct the designed structural elements of building
to real object on the site.
We saw different type of construction materials and machineries.
Obtaining knowledge how to solve errors that occur because of workmanship, implemen-
tation skill by acceptable and cost effective way.
Improves our knowledge how much important of safety and health in site.
How formal work is performing or working time keeping on time.
In use of MS project software to know about project schedule work.
Know different workers profession in the company and how they work.

3.2 In terms of upgrading our theoretical knowledge

Since the practice depends first on theory, it was easy to correspond with each other. It is not
very challenging to change the theory into practice. Theoretical knowledge is dependable on
principles, logic and calculations. In somehow in the site it’s more about practical in both site
and office work but we can obtain theoretical knowledge like; able to know our strength weak-
ness, in different dimensions and correct and improve our theory based knowledge, improving
which type of construction material should be used.

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3.3 Interpersonal communication skills

Interpersonal communication is a way of communicating a person with other people who
might have a contact with someone. Good communication is the binding force which
makes people to cooperate together in social life. Is mainly focus
Know how to communicate in construction world which is as one of unique and huge in-
dustry with different stakeholders, labors and all construction community.
Improve truthfulness, honesty.

Improve better communication skills on construction site languages with worker since it
gave us an opportunity to work with different persons having different responsibility like
site engineers, office engineers, foreman, and labors.

3.4 Team playing skills

Construction requires tight coordination and team working skills. Most of the tasks the engineer
assigned us to do in group and we worked together to finish it on time that are given to work.
Working together in group with students and from other universities help we improve our team
playing skill very match. In our internship period team playing or collaboration helps us to know
each other with intern student, share knowledge & help other workers determine our future.
Some of benefits we get from team playing are the following;
Freely to ask unclear things that we have seen in the construction site.
Improve our skills in different dimensions.
Problem solving skill.
Express our fallings with confidence.
Accomplish task in easy and effective way.

3.5 leadership skills

Leadership Skills is the ability of leading and managing a group of people in a good way to per-
form some tasks. In our internship we have learned a lot about leadership and management. We
saw how the engineers control the people, material and equipment resources to achieve the target
set. For example human resource is crucial for the success of the project because it is the one that
run all the resources. Leading this resource wisely is crucial for the success of the project. During the-
se periods, we have been able to observe that one should have great skills to be a leader. Among

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those are: -
Good speaking ability.
To have the ability to listen to other.
To be decisive.
Good management skills.

3.6 Understanding about work ethics

One of the most important things in work is to have a work ethics & obey the ethics, which used
to create a good working environment and increase productivity. We have developed the following
work ethics.

Punctuality
Accountability
Respecting each other
Responsibility
In general we improve or gain the two main ethics; personal ethics like honesty and pro-
fessional ethics like accountability, cooperation.

3.7 In terms of entrepreneurship skills

Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and job creation. An entrepreneur is one
who comes with ideas or action which could benefit him/her and the society economically by
creating jobs and making business. We can able to improve our entrepreneurship skills in the
following way;

Getting more knowledge in various dimensions that brace to be an entrepreneur.

To be risk taker in any task that we perform and create.
Innovative skills

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CHAPTER FOUR

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Conclusion

This report, the whole internship mainly presented the practical skills gained such as communi-
cation skills, work ethics skills, and team playing skills, leadership skills and general theoretical
knowledge developed through the program. The major relevant structural work activities of the
project have been discussed, the program is very crucial and important for students to develop
good knowledge and skills needed for their future career. It gives the mental image of their work-
ing environment and greatly motivated how to execute the imposed responsibilities.
This internship program enabled us know what a construction manager should know and do. As
we observe from the task and duties to be done in the company, we can say that the project was
interesting to realize the practical skill with the theoretical aspect that we had learned. Moreover
working on both at site and office work made us learn different things, even though that was new for us.
For the last Four month of our internship experience has been a very useful experience for us;
however the internship was not free from challenges. The most challenge was every office work-
ers were busy so it take effort to get what we want& difficult to saw a tangible construction
work. Generally, as a conclusion we can say the following:
 Internship is the best program for us to know what the working principle is.

 The internship program enables us to upgrade the theoretical knowledge by practical

skill.

 It helps in what way we solve the problem facing in the site during work.

 It also helps us to know the coordinative work between the site engineer and the foreman
and other workers.

 Based on the internship program interns will try to grasp what things to know for the
coming time of our class.

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4.2 Recommendation for Hosting Company

As a recommendation the company should prepare its own quality and safety engineer and su-
pervision activities for that to control or based on standard checklist and rules like;

 First material handling like fine and coarse aggregate, bars even their working
 Fulfillment of personal protective equipment.
 Site clearing even during on working means before completion of project to minimize work
crowd.
 In case of preparation concrete spacer for aligning on the reinforcement bars, as we observe their
ratio is not quality based .when they attach on bars, during formwork making they simply
crushed or remove from their site, so for this we recommend for the company to do qualified and
right proportion of cement and sands without negligence.
 Also we observe harshly segregated column and column, then they demolish the whole one
column, this is because of proper vibration at the filling height of 1.5m.
 In case of concrete casting, they fill the lift out of its height means out of slab height, then after
they prepare labors that demolish the over casted lift. For this we recommend to batch a quanti-
fied amount of concrete for lifts to cast at the required height.
We also observe dampness on at the bottom ground slab, this is because of excess amount of cur-
ing of column and again improper compaction of slab that create hole that pass water.

4.2.1 Recommendation for University

 Practical learning should give great attention rather than the theoretical learning before internship
semester by preparing trip that student can practice is selected site and evaluating the student’s
activity in marks.

 It’s really better to give a great attention for a Compulsory courses like; MS project, procurement
and contract management, planning and schedule, again courses that aligned with contract doc-
ument.

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REFERENCE

1. Degisew. (2021, june10-25).abutesitework. (at.SolomonGashu,Interviewer)

2. http://abwce.org.et/?q=content/mission-and-visio
3. Construction equipment guide.com
4. From visualization on the site
5. Ethiopian building code of standard

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APPENDICE

 Staffa/ stirrup: used to tie reinforcement bar. And shear resistant bar of column, beam
and shear wall.
 Wehalik/sprit level: is an instrument used to check the horizontal level.
 Tumby (plumb-bob): is an apparatus used to check the vertical alignment of the column.
 Sibago/ligna/mason line/string: is string used to maintain alignments.
 Berga: 12m reinforcement bar.
 Tape: used to measure distance & height between columns.
 Ferayo: is a person who works with reinforcement.
 Cravat /yokes/prop: eucalyptus material used to fix the column formwork in their posi-
tion.
 Segeto: steel saw, used to cut steel.
 Bega: an instrument used to bend bars.
 Crachery: wooden piece relay around the column to stand the column formwork.
 Gaucho: anchorage of bar.
 Stanga: inclined wooden material that used to support column.
 Morale: a long rectangular wood that used join column formwork.
 Sponda: a vertical side formwork for beam and slab.
 Fondo: bottom formwork of beam.
 Penci: is panel but is small in size which is used to fill the small opening in formwork.
 Fonte: is the standing that uses to carry beams.

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