SALALE UNIVERSTY COLLAGE OF

AGRICULCHER AND NATURAL RESORCE DEPARTMENT OF

PLANT SCIENCE SPICE, AROMATIC AND MEDICAL CROP PLANT
ASSIGNMENT

BY: BIRHANU AWOKE ID No ; RU0810\13

Table of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Rosmen world production...........................................................................................................4
1.3 Use of rosmen..............................................................................................................................4
1.4 Ethiopian production of rosmen..................................................................................................5
2.Opjective............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 .General objective of rosmen......................................................................................................6
2.2 Specific objective of rosmen........................................................................................................6
2.3. Literature review of rosmen crop...............................................................................................7
2.4. Ecological requirment of rosmen................................................................................................8
2.5.Production system of rosmen......................................................................................................8
2.6. Management system of rosmen..............................................................................................10
2.7.Post harvesting system of rosmen.............................................................................................12
REFERENCE..........................................................................................................................................13
Introduction

The term "Rosmen" doesn't seem to be widely known or recognized as a specific crop
within the current agricultural or botanical lexicon. If "Rosmen" refers to a specific, newly
introduced crop or a localized term, it might reside within a specialized or emerging
agricultural context.If "Rosmen" is indeed a newly introduced or region-specific crop, it
would be incredibly exciting to explore its characteristics, cultivation requirements, and
potential uses. Introducing a new crop involves evaluating its adaptability to different
climates, its nutritional or economic value, and its potential impact on sustainable agricultural
practices.

To provide more insightful information, I would need additional details about the specific
features, growing conditions, uses, or any context surrounding the "Rosmen" crop. Then, we
can discuss how it fits into the broader agricultural landscape and its potential implications
for food security, biodiversity, or economic development.Once clarified, I'd be delighted to
offer a detailed overview of the introduction and potential impact of the "Rosmen" crop
within agricultural ecosystems.

1.1 Rosmen scientific

the scientific name for rosemary is Rosmarinus officinalis. "Rosmarinus" is derived from the
Latin words "ros," meaning dew, and "marinus," meaning sea, possibly because it was native
to the sea cliffs of the Mediterranean. "Officinalis" is a term used in plant names to indicate
that the plant has a history of medicinal or culinary use.

The genus "Rosmarinus" encompasses the plants we commonly know as rosemary, and the
species name "officinalis" suggests its historical use in medicine and herbal remedies.

Plants, with their intriguing scientific names, open a world of discovery and wisdom. They
have an incredible ability to connect us to history, culture, and nature's wonders.

As of the most recent data, the world's largest producer of rosemary is Spain, followed by
Tunisia and Morocco. These countries have favorable climates for growing rosemary and
boast extensive experience in its cultivation and production.
Rosemary is a versatile herb that's not only used in culinary applications but also in the
production of essential oils and for its potential medicinal properties. The global demand for
rosemary has been steadily increasing due to its aromatic and flavorful properties, as well as
its perceived health benefits.

The production of rosemary involves various stages from cultivation to harvesting and
processing. Factors such as climate, soil quality, and farming practices all play a role in
determining the yield and quality of the final product.It's always interesting to see how
different regions contribute to the global production of various crops and how these
contributions shape international trade and the economy.

1.2 Rosmen world production

As of the most recent data, the world's largest producer of rosemary is Spain, followed
by Tunisia and Morocco. These countries have favorable climates for growing rosemary
and boast extensive experience in its cultivation and production.Rosemary is a versatile
herb that's not only used in culinary applications but also in the production of essential
oils and for its potential medicinal properties. The global demand for rosemary has
been steadily increasing due to its aromatic and flavorful properties, as well as its
perceived health benefits.

The production of rosemary involves various stages from cultivation to harvesting and
processing. Factors such as climate, soil quality, and farming practices all play a role in
determining the yield and quality of the final product.

It's always interesting to see how different regions contribute to the global production of
various crops and how these contributions shape international trade and the economy.
If you're interested in the specific production statistics and trends, I can help you look
up the latest data from reliable agricultural sources. Just let me know!

1.3 Use of rosmen

Rosemary, scientifically known as Rosmarinus officinalis, is a versatile herb with a wide
range of uses that extend beyond culinary applications. Let's explore some of the common
and fascinating uses of rosemary:
1. Culinary Use:

- Rosemary is a beloved herb in Mediterranean cuisine, renowned for its aromatic flavor.
It's often used to enhance the taste of roasted meats, vegetables, soups, and stews.
Additionally, it's a key ingredient in various herb blends and sauces.

2. Aromatherapy and Essential Oils:

- The essential oil derived from rosemary leaves is popular in aromatherapy due to its
invigorating and stimulating fragrance. It's believed to have potential benefits for mental
clarity, focus, and relaxation.

3. Traditional Medicine:

- Throughout history, rosemary has been used in traditional medicine for its purported
health benefits. It's been associated with improving digestion, as well as supporting hair and
skin health. Some cultures have used it as a natural remedy for headaches and as a mild pain
reliever.

4. Cosmetic and Personal Care Products:

- Rosemary oil or extracts are often incorporated into cosmetic products such as shampoos,
conditioners, and skincare items due to its refreshing scent and potential skin and hair
benefits.

5. Gardening and Landscaping:

- Beyond its use in the kitchen, rosemary is a popular ornamental plant in gardens and
landscaping due to its evergreen nature, fragrant leaves, and attractive flowers. It's used for
hedging, topiary, and as a feature plant in herb gardens.

6. Flavoring and Beverages:

- Rosemary is also used as a flavoring agent in various beverages, including teas and
infusions.The versatile applications of rosemary reflect its rich history and cultural
significance. Its distinct aroma and beneficial properties make it a favorite in various
domains, ranging from culinary arts to wellness and beyond. The multifaceted use of
rosemary embodies the interconnectedness of nature, culture, and human creativity.
1.4 Ethiopian production of rosmen
As of the latest data, Ethiopia has been steadily increasing its production of rosemary. The
country's favorable climate and soil conditions make it suitable for cultivating various herbs,
including rosemary. Ethiopia's production of rosemary has been gaining attention in the
global market due to the herb's versatility and the rising demand for natural herbs and spices
in various industries.

Ethiopia's rosemary production is not only important for the domestic market but also
contributes to the country's export industry. The aromatic and flavorful properties of
rosemary make it a valuable commodity for both culinary and non-culinary purposes,
attracting interest from international buyers and manufacturers.Furthermore, Ethiopia's
engagement in the production and export of rosemary aligns with the global trend of seeking
natural and sustainably sourced ingredients for various products, including food, cosmetics,
and aromatherapy.

It's fascinating to witness the agricultural and economic developments in different regions,
and Ethiopia's increasing role in rosemary production is a testament to the country's potential
in the global herb market. Such developments also offer opportunities for local farmers and
contribute to the diversification of Ethiopia's agricultural exports.

If you're interested in specific production figures, export trends, or the impact of rosemary
production on Ethiopia's economy, I can delve deeper into the available statistics and reports.
Just let me know if you'd like to explore further!

2.Opjective

2.1 .General objective of rosmen

In a general sense, the objectives of any project, including a hypothetical one named
"rosmen," would depend on its specific purpose, industry, or field. Project objectives are
typically aligned with the desired outcomes, goals, and deliverables of the project.

If "rosmen" were an imaginary project related to agriculture, it might aim to:

- To improve the cultivation, processing, or distribution of rosemary or other herbs.

-To develop innovative uses or applications for rosemary in various industries.

-To explore sustainable agricultural practices for rosemary cultivation.

- To facilitate international trade and market access for rosemary producers or suppliers.

2.2 Specific objective of rosmen

Rosmen has fictional project related to sustainable agriculture and herbal cultivation. In
this scenario, the specific objectives of the Rosmen include:

1. Enhancing Sustainable Cultivation Practices: The project could aim to research and
implement sustainable farming techniques for growing specific herbs, possibly including
rosemary, with the goal of minimizing environmental impact and promoting long-term
agricultural viability.

2. Product Diversification and Value-Adding: "Rosmen" might seek to explore additional

product lines, such as essential oils, herbal extracts, or value-added products derived from
rosemary and other herbs. This objective aligns with the idea of maximizing the utility and
economic value of cultivated herbs.

3. Economic Empowerment of Local Communities: If "Rosmen" were focused on a specific

region, one of its objectives might be to create economic opportunities for local communities
through herb cultivation, processing, and marketing, potentially aiming to improve
livelihoods and promote inclusive growth.

4. Partnership Development and Market Access: The project could aim to establish
partnerships with local and global stakeholders, such as agricultural cooperatives,
manufacturers, and distributors, to ensure market access and sustainable supply chains for the
herbs produced.

5. Research and Development for Herbal Applications: If "Rosmen" were a research-oriented

project, its objective might be to conduct studies on the potential health or industrial
applications of herbs like rosemary, with the aim of expanding the knowledge and utility of
these natural resources.

2.3. Literature review of rosmen crop

As of now, there doesn't appear to be a widely recognized concept or specific crop known as
"Rosmen" within the existing agricultural or botanical literature. The term "Rosmen" might
be either a newly developed crop, a localized reference, or a specific concept within a distinct
agricultural context.
Given this, a literature review for "Rosmen" might not yield extensive or established
scholarly resources within the current agricultural and botanical databases. If "Rosmen"
refers to a specialized or region-specific crop, literature related to this particular crop may be
limited, and any existing information would likely be found within localized agricultural
reports, experimental studies, or specific agricultural extension services.

However, if "Rosmen" refers to a new, emerging agricultural crop, researchers and

agricultural specialists may be in the process of documenting its characteristics, cultivation
requirements, potential uses, and its impact within targeted agricultural systems.

If "Rosmen" is a term within a specific context and you have access to resources or specific
information related to it, I'd be more than happy to assist with analyzing, summarizing, and
discussing the available literature or resources.

2.4. Ecological requirment of rosmen

Assuming "Rosmen" refers to rosemary, I can certainly provide insight into the ecological
requirements for cultivating this aromatic herb.

Climate: Rosemary thrives in warm, Mediterranean-like climates. It prefers ample sunlight,

with around six to eight hours of direct sunlight per day. The ideal temperature range for
rosemary cultivation is between 65°F and 80°F (roughly 18°C to 27°C). It can tolerate some
cold, but prolonged exposure to temperatures below 30°F (-1°C) can be detrimental.

Soil: Well-drained, sandy or loamy soil with good aeration and moderate fertility is ideal for
rosemary. It doesn't fare well in waterlogged or compacted soils. A slightly acidic to neutral
pH level (6.0 to 7.0) is preferred. Ensuring good drainage is crucial to preventing root rot, a
common issue in poorly drained soils.

Water: Although rosemary is drought-tolerant once established, adequate moisture is

essential during its initial stages of growth. However, it's crucial to avoid overwatering, as
excessive moisture can lead to root rot. Watering should be done deeply but infrequently
once the plant has become established.

Pruning and Air Circulation: Proper air circulation is essential for the health of the rosemary
plant. Additionally, regular pruning helps maintain the plant's shape, improve air circulation,
and prevent the plant from becoming too woody.
Understanding the ecological requirements of rosemary is vital for successful cultivation.
These conditions ensure the plant's vigorous growth and the maintenance of its aromatic and
culinary properties, reflecting the intricate relationship between a plant's natural habitat and
its optimal growth conditions.

2.5.Production system of rosmen

The production system for rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) can involve several key
components and stages, depending on the scale of cultivation, the intended end use of the
herb, and the specific agricultural practices implemented. Here's a general overview of the
production system for rosemary:

1. Site Selection and Preparation:

- When establishing a rosemary production system, careful consideration is given to site

selection. As mentioned earlier, rosemary thrives in warm, Mediterranean-like climates with
well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soils. The site should receive ample sunlight and offer
protection from strong winds, especially if planting at a larger scale.

2. Cultivation and Propagation:

- Rosemary can be propagated from seeds, cuttings, or through the division of existing
plants. Depending on the preferred method, the propagation stage involves preparing the
seedbed or propagation area and carefully tending to the young plants or cuttings until they
are ready for transplanting.

3. Planting and Maintenance:

- During the planting phase, considerations include spacing between plants, irrigation
methods, and the use of organic mulch to help retain moisture and suppress weed growth.
Regular monitoring and maintenance, such as pruning, watering, and controlling pests and
diseases, are essential to ensure healthy plant growth.

4. Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling:

- Rosemary can typically be harvested once the plants have reached a suitable size and
are at their most aromatic and flavorful. Harvesting can be done by hand, and the
harvested material can be dried, distilled for essential oil extraction, or used fresh,
depending on the intended end use.

5. Processing and Value-Adding:

- For rosemary essential oil production, the harvested material goes through a
distillation process to extract the valuable essential oil. For culinary use, the harvested
herb can be dried, ground, or used for fresh applications, contributing to value-added
products such as seasoning blends or herbal teas.

6. Market Access and Distribution:

- Once the rosemary has been processed, it can enter the market through various
channels, including direct sales to consumers, supply to food and beverage
manufacturers, distribution to essential oil companies, or export to international
markets.

The production system for rosemary involves various intricacies and considerations,
from proper site selection and cultivation practices to post-harvest handling and market
access. Each stage of the production system contributes to the quality and viability of
the final product, reflecting the complexity and value of agricultural production
systems.

2.6. Management system of rosmen

The management system for cultivating and managing rosemary (Rosmarinus
officinalis) involves various components, from land preparation to post-harvest
handling and market distribution. Here's an overview of the management system for
rosemary production:

1. Land Preparation and Site Management:

- The first step in the management of rosemary cultivation involves preparing the
land, including soil testing, soil amendments, and overall site layout. Proper land
preparation sets the foundation for the success of the crop.

2. Crop Establishment and Cultivation:

- Selecting the right cultivars of rosemary, ensuring sufficient water availability

(especially during initial establishment), and implementing suitable planting and
spacing practices are crucial aspects. Additionally, integrating sustainable cultivation
practices and possibly organic or integrated pest management systems can be part of
the production management plan.

3. Irrigation and Water Management:

- Efficiency in water use is key, especially in regions where water availability may be
limited. The management system may involve the use of drip irrigation, moisture
sensors, or other water-efficient techniques to ensure the optimal hydration of the crop
while minimizing water waste.

4. Fertilization and Nutrient Management:

- Proper fertilization practices, based on soil testing and crop nutrient requirements,
help ensure healthy plant growth and optimize crop yield and quality. This aspect of
management incorporates the use of organic fertilizers, crop-specific nutrient
programs, and sustainable soil management practices.

5. Pest and Disease Management:

- As with any agricultural crop, the management system for rosemary involves
proactive pest and disease monitoring and control measures. This can include the use of
integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, biological controls, and judicious use of
eco-friendly pest management products.

6. Harvesting and Post-Harvest Management:

- The timing of harvest, methods of harvesting, and post-harvest handling are critical
aspects of the management system. Proper post-harvest handling, including drying or
processing of the harvested material, ensures the preservation of rosemary's flavor,
aroma, and essential oil content.

7. Regulatory Compliance and Record-Keeping:

- Depending on the region and scale of production, adherence to regulatory standards,

documentation of agricultural practices, and traceability of inputs and outputs may be
part of the management system.

8. Market and Value-Chain Management:

 - Finally, the management system needs to consider the market demand, pricing
strategies, and the pathways for the distribution and sale of rosemary products. This
includes understanding consumer preferences, industry standards, and navigating
supply chain logistics.

Efficient management of the entire production cycle—starting from land preparation to

the final market distribution—plays a pivotal role in achieving consistent, high-quality
rosemary products. The holistic management system is integral to promoting
sustainable practices, ensuring product quality, and meeting market demands.

2.7.Post harvesting system of rosmen

The post-harvest system for rosemary, or "Rosmen," involves several crucial steps to
maintain the quality, aroma, and value of the herb after it has been harvested. Here's an
overview of the post-harvest system for rosemary:

1. Harvest Timing and Techniques:

- Rosemary is typically best harvested just before the plant blooms, as this is when the
flavor and aroma are most potent. Harvesting is often done by hand, carefully cutting the
stems to preserve the leaves and essential oils.

2. Cleaning and Sorting:

- After harvest, the rosemary stems are cleaned to remove any debris, damaged leaves, or
foreign matter. The herb is then sorted to ensure only high-quality material is selected for
further processing.

3. Drying:

- Drying is a critical step in the post-harvest process to preserve the quality and aroma of
rosemary. The herb is often dried at low temperatures to retain essential oils and prevent
degradation of flavor. Proper air circulation and controlled humidity levels are essential
during the drying process.

4. Processing for Culinary Use:

Once dried, the rosemary leaves are sorted and may be further processed by stripping the
leaves from the stems. The processed ves can be packaged for culinary use, such as seasoning
blends, infusions, or herbal teas.
5. Essential Oil Extraction:

- For the production of rosemary essential oil, a steam distillation process is commonly
used to extract the aromatic and beneficial oils from the dried rosemary leaves. The resulting
essential oil is then separated from the water and stored for use in various applications,
including aromatherapy, cosmetics, and food flavoring.

6. Storage and Packaging:

- Proper storage conditions, such as cool, dry environments with minimal light exposure,
help maintain the quality of dried rosemary and essential oil. Packaging considerations
include using airtight containers that shield the herb from light to preserve its flavor and
aroma.

- Throughout the post-harvest process, quality control measures may involve testing for
moisture content, aroma and flavor analysis, and microbial safety to ensure compliance with
industry standards and regulatory requirements.

8. Market Distribution:

- Once properly processed and packaged, the dried rosemary leaves and extracted essential
oil can be distributed to wholesalers, retailers, manufacturers, or export markets, as
appropriate.

The post-harvest system for roperties while ensuring product safety and market readiness.
Each stage of the post-harvest process contributes to the overall quality and value of
rosemary products, reflecting the importance of careful handling and processing after harvest.
REFERENCE

Tamarind 525
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
26.6 References
abhijit m, agarwal v, de s, basu jk (2010)
Removal of As(V) using iron oxide
impregnated
carbon prepared from Tamarind hull, J.
Environ, Sci. Health, Part A 45(10):
1207–16.
andriamanantena r w, artuad j, gayfdofn
e m, latrides m c and chavlier j l (1983)
Fatty acid and sterol composition of
Malagasy tamarind kernels, JAOCS
60(7): 1318–
21.
anon. (1976) Tamarind, in The Wealth of
India, Vol. X. CSIR, New Delhi, 114–22.
anon. (1996) Agmark Grade Specifi
cations for Spices. Spices Board, Cochin,
Kerala.
anon. (1997) Area and Production of
Spices in India and the World. Spices
Board, Cochin,
Kerala.
anon. (2000) Japan’s Specifi cations and
Standards for Food Additives, 7th edn.
Ministry of
Health and Welfare, Tokyo
anon. (2003a) CSIR News 53(16): 30
August.
anon. (2003b) Tamarind, in Indian
Agriculture. Goverment of India,
Ministry of Commerce,
New Delhi, 621–4.
anon. (2008) Tamarind, in Lost Crops of
Africa: Volume III: Fruits. The National
Academies
Press Washington DC, 148–63.
askar a, ei-nemr s e and siliha h (1987)
Aroma constituents of Egyptian tamarind
pulp,
Déutsch. Lebensmitt. Rundsch., 83: 108–
10.
Tamarind 525
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
26.6 References
abhijit m, agarwal v, de s, basu jk (2010)
Removal of As(V) using iron oxide
impregnated
carbon prepared from Tamarind hull, J.
Environ, Sci. Health, Part A 45(10):
1207–16.
andriamanantena r w, artuad j, gayfdofn
e m, latrides m c and chavlier j l (1983)
Fatty acid and sterol composition of
Malagasy tamarind kernels, JAOCS
60(7): 1318–
21.
anon. (1976) Tamarind, in The Wealth of
India, Vol. X. CSIR, New Delhi, 114–22.
anon. (1996) Agmark Grade Specifi
cations for Spices. Spices Board, Cochin,
Kerala.
anon. (1997) Area and Production of
Spices in India and the World. Spices
Board, Cochin,
Kerala.
anon. (2000) Japan’s Specifi cations and
Standards for Food Additives, 7th edn.
Ministry of
Health and Welfare, Tokyo
anon. (2003a) CSIR News 53(16): 30
August.
anon. (2003b) Tamarind, in Indian
Agriculture. Goverment of India,
Ministry of Commerce,
New Delhi, 621–4.
anon. (2008) Tamarind, in Lost Crops of
Africa: Volume III: Fruits. The National
Academies
Press Washington DC, 148–63.
askar a, ei-nemr s e and siliha h (1987)
Aroma constituents of Egyptian tamarind
pulp,
Déutsch. Lebensmitt. Rundsch., 83: 108–
10.
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

26.6 References

anon. (2000) Japan’s Specifi cations and Standards for Food Additives, 7th edn. Ministry of

Health and Welfare, Tokyo

anon. (2003a) CSIR News 53(16): 30 August.

anon. (2003b) rosmen, in Indian Agriculture. Goverment of India, Ministry of Commerce,

New Delhi, 621–4.

anon. (2008) rosmen in Lost Crops of Africa: Volume III: Fruits. The National Academies

Press Washington DC, 148–63.

askar a, ei-nemr s e and siliha h (1987) constituents of Egyptian tamarind pulp,

Déutsch. Lebensmitt. Rundsch., 83: 108–10.