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FS 2 Episode 3
FS 2 Episode 3
FS 2 Episode 3
continuation of Field Study 1 that adheres to the philosophy which will be formulated by the
students on the premise of participation and teaching assistantship. It is school based and allows
a pre-service student to observe demonstrated knowledge of learning environments that motivate
21st century learners to work productively, assume responsibility for their own learning,
participate, and assist in limited actual teaching learning activities that relate to learning
assessment, understanding the role of assessment data as feedback in teaching and learning
practices and programs (5.5.1), selection, development and use of a variety of teaching and
learning resources including ICT (4.5.1) in preparation of the bulletin boards and instructional
materials. Further, exhibits skill in planning classroom routines concerning learners’ safety and
security (2.1). in the classroom; A portfolio which will contain sample lesson of learning plans
and demonstration teaching of at least one subject content using differentiated teaching to suit
the learners’ gender, needs, strengths, interests and experiences (3.1.1) will be required; an
action research shall be encouraged to start in this course to seek advice concerning strategies
that build relationship with parents/guardians and the wider community (6.2.1) which will be
concluded and critiqued during the internship.
NAME: __________________________________
SUBJECT:________________________________
EPISODE 3
EPISODE 3-selection, development and use of a variety of teaching and learning resources
including ICT
OBSERVE:
This lesson will guide you in understandinghow to properly prepare appropriate instructional
materials. Specifically, the objectives of this lesson are the following:
1. Determine the different instructional materials;
2. Explain the principles in selecting and using instructional materials; and
3. Evaluate instructional materials
Educational Theory
In preparing appropriate instructional materials, the use of all the five senses is very
significant. They use hearing through audio aids like the cassette recorder and voice recorder, ,
sights through visual aids like charts and posters, websites and printed sources like handouts and
books, touch through resources like specimens and models, and also, to a lesser extent, taste and
smell, for example, in cookery.
Also more than one sense can be combined in a visual aid such as film, tape-slide
presentation, or a web-based presentation which combines both hearing and sight. It is important
to remember thatlearning materials should be about creating multimedia-giving students the best
possible opportunity to learn using a range of tools and techniques (Reece & Walker 2003)
There are also guiding principles in using instructional materials according to Corpuz &
Salandanan (2013)
1. All instructional materials are aids to instruction . They do not replace the teacher.
2. Choose the instructional material that best suits your instructional objectives.
3. If possible , use a variety of tools.
4. Check out your instructional materials before class starts to be sure it is working properly.
Guided Practice
Activities
A. List the top 10 most used instructional materials of your Cooperating Teacher in his/her
classes.
Top 1: Presentation Software: PowerPoint
Top 2: Educational Videos
Top 3: Printed Materials: Worksheets
Top 4: Spelling and Vocabulary Sheets
Top 5: Flashcards
Top 6: Grammar Cards
Top 7: Writing Prompts
Top 8: Textbooks
Top 9: Chalkboards/Whiteboards
Top 10: Short Stories
B. Evaluate an instructional material (IM) used by your Cooperating Teacher using the
checklist below:
Evaluation of Instructional Material
Preview YES NO NA
1. Did your cooperating teacher check in advance :
(a) That he/ she has not used too many IMS
(b) That he/she has not used too few IMs; and
Design
5. Will it work (black out, bulbs, leads)?
Use
12. Has your cooperating teacher invited the cooperation of
the
students?
1. All instructional materials are aids to instruction. They do not replace the teacher.
In essence, instructional materials serve as valuable enhancements to teaching, supporting
educators in creating dynamic and effective learning experiences. While these materials can
provide visual aids and interactive elements, the indispensable role of the teacher remains central
to facilitating understanding, nurturing critical thinking, and fostering a positive learning
environment.
2. Choose the instructional material that best suits your instructional objectives.
By choosing instructional materials that align with instructional objectives, teachers not only
enhance the learning experience but also grab students' attention, facilitating a clearer and more
understandable delivery of the content. This approach fosters an engaging and effective learning
environment where students are more likely to comprehend and retain the information presented.
4. Check out you’re your instructional material before class starts to be sure it is
working properly.
A teacher should proactively check their instructional materials before class begins to ensure a
smooth flow of the lesson, minimize interruptions, and deliver an effective learning experience.
By conducting a thorough review of the materials in advance, teachers can identify any potential
technical issues, ensuring that equipment such as projectors, computers, or audiovisual aids is
functioning correctly. This preemptive check helps prevent disruptions during the class, allowing
the teacher to seamlessly transition between different elements of the lesson plan. Additionally,
verifying the proper functionality of instructional materials enhances the overall delivery of the
content, providing students with a well-organized and uninterrupted learning experience. This
proactive approach not only promotes efficiency but also demonstrates the teacher's commitment
to creating an optimal learning environment for their students.
Processing
Examine the data you have gathered. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the importance of using appropriate instructional materials in the class?
The importance of using appropriate instructional materials in the classroom is multifaceted.
These materials, when chosen thoughtfully, align with the learning objectives, ensuring that the
content presented is directly relevant to the educational outcomes the teacher aims to achieve.
This alignment contributes to the overall effectiveness of the lesson. Appropriate instructional
materials cater to the diverse learning styles and preferences of students, fostering engagement
and participation. By checking these materials before class, teachers can anticipate and address
any technical issues, promoting a smooth flow of the lesson and minimizing interruptions.
2. What common instructional materials does your cooperating teacher use in his/her classes?
The common instructional material frequently used by my cooperating teacher in classes is
educational videos. These videos serve as effective tools for capturing students' attention,
creating an engaging learning environment. What sets these videos apart is the teacher's practice
of providing additional explanations during their use, enhancing the overall learning experience.
This combination of visual aids and supplementary explanations not only captures students'
interest but also ensures a comprehensive understanding of the content being presented. The use
of educational videos thus becomes a dynamic and impactful instructional strategy in the
classroom, facilitating both engagement and in-depth comprehension.
3. Do the top 10 most used instructional materials of your cooperating teacher use more than one
sense?
Yes, the top 10 most used instructional materials by my cooperating teacher do engage more than
one sense. The instructional materials encompass both traditional and modern tools, ensuring a
multi-sensory approach to teaching. For instance, presentation software like PowerPoint engages
visual and auditory senses, educational videos involve visual and auditory learning, printed
materials such as worksheets provide tactile engagement, and spelling and vocabulary sheets,
flashcards, and grammar cards stimulate visual and cognitive senses. Writing prompts and short
stories contribute to auditory and imaginative senses. Even traditional tools like
chalkboards/whiteboards involve visual and sometimes auditory elements. The combination of
these materials caters to different learning styles, providing students with a well-rounded and
sensory-rich learning experience that enhances understanding.
Reflection
a teacher, if possible, needs to use a variety of tools for several compelling reasons. Firstly, by
employing diverse instructional materials that align with learning objectives, teachers can better
cater to the unique needs and learning styles of individual students. The adaptability and
flexibility of various tools allow for a more personalized and engaging learning experience.
Moreover, using a variety of tools ensures that the instructional content remains relevant to
students' lives, thereby enhancing their engagement by connecting the material to real-world
situations. The incorporation of multimodal elements, such as text, images, videos, and
interactive features, further addresses the diverse learning preferences within the classroom. The
utilization of interactive and culturally sensitive materials fosters inclusivity and encourages
active participation, critical thinking, and a positive learning environment. Ensuring durability,
accessibility, and cost-effectiveness contributes to the long-term effectiveness of instructional
tools, especially in environments with budget constraints. Additionally, the integration of
feedback and assessments through a variety of tools allows teachers to gauge student
understanding and provide constructive feedback, supporting continuous improvement.
Source, Greg Tabios Pawilen, et.al. (2019). Rex Printing Company, Inc.Quezon City.
Instructional resources provide information and tools to dtraw upon in order to support
teaching and learning activities. This lesson is designed to help you in understanding the
different instructional resources and its application to teaching and learning. Specifically, the
objectives of this lesson are the following:
1. Discuss the importance of instructional resources for teaching and learning;
2. Identify the different typesn of instructional resources; and
3. Analyze how these resources are applied in teaching and learning.
Educational Theory
Instructional resources are the keys to achieving lesson goals and objectives. It is a broad
range of materials that can be used to facilitate effective teaching. Any resource or material that
help teachers in teaching is considered as instructional resources. In a learner-centered
environment, teachers need to have access to a wide range of instructional resources in order to
better help students in the development of their knowledge, skills, and attitudes and to provide
them with meaningful experiences that will support them in learning.
Studies have shown that instructional resources have great implication to teaching and
learning (Nacario 2014; Okongo et.al.2015; Olayinka 2016 Maharaj-Sharma et.al. 2017). To
ensure a meaningful and effective delivery of the lesson, it is essential for teachers to consider
the relevance, quality, and currency of instructional resources to be used. In selecting
instructional resources, it is also important for teachers to ensure that it is tailored to the content
of the lesson to be taught and to the learning style of students. As what Shulman (1986) said,
learners are unlikely to appear in the classroom as blank slates, hence, it is important to consider
the knowledge and capability of the learners in choosing instructional resources to be used in
teaching and learning activities.
There are varieties of instructional resources that are commonly used to aid teaching and
learning activities; these includes:
1. Digital learning resources (digital media, documents in digital formats, software and
applications, websites);
2. Non-digital learning resources (printed materials such as textbooks, workbooks,
research journals, etc.);
3. Graphic organizers or visual presntations; and
4. Teacher-made resources (improvised teaching materials).
In addition to these resources, the DepEd has also adopted the implementation of the
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS) where teachers can access
lesson exemplars, teacher’s guides, and curriculum guides that will helpthem in the delivery of
the lesson in a particular grade level.
Guided Practice
Processing
Review the data you have gathered carefully. Answer the following questions:
1. How essential is the use of varied instructional resources to teaching and learning?
The importance of the use of varied instructional resources in teaching and learning lies in its
ability to allow teachers to tap into students' diverse learning needs and cater to the uniqueness of
their learning styles. Utilizing a range of instructional resources, such as multimedia
presentations, interactive activities, and hands-on materials, ensures that teachers can adapt their
teaching methods to suit different students' preferences and capabilities. This diversity not only
enhances engagement but also fosters a more inclusive and effective learning environment.
Varied instructional resources enable teachers to address multiple intelligences, promoting a
holistic understanding of the subject matter. Additionally, they contribute to the development of
critical thinking skills as students encounter information through different mediums. In essence,
the incorporation of diverse instructional resources enriches the teaching and learning
experience, making it more dynamic, personalized, and conducive to the overall academic
growth of students.
2. Aside from the K to 12 Curriculum Guide and Teachers’ Guide, what is the most essential
instructional resource?
Aside from the K to 12 Curriculum Guide and Teachers' Guide, two other essential instructional
resources are educational videos and PowerPoint presentations. These resources play a crucial
role as they capture students' attention and enhance comprehension through visual aids.
Educational videos leverage multimedia elements, including images and videos, to make
complex concepts more understandable and relatable. The dynamic nature of videos engages
students and provides a real-world context for the information being presented. Similarly,
PowerPoint presentations offer a structured and visually appealing format that aids in organizing
content effectively. The combination of text and visuals in presentations can cater to diverse
learning styles, ensuring that information is conveyed in a comprehensive and engaging manner.
3. In the absence of available instructional resources, what is the best thing that a teacher should
do to support teaching and learning activities?
In the absence of available instructional resources, a teacher can play a pivotal role in supporting
teaching and learning activities by using herself as the primary tool for presenting and explaining
the lesson. The teacher's voice and explanation skills become powerful assets in delivering the
content effectively. Additionally, the teacher can employ effective verbal communication and
articulation to convey concepts clearly. To supplement this, dictation can be utilized as a
valuable strategy, enabling the teacher to verbally articulate key points, important details, or
instructions, allowing students to take comprehensive notes. This note-taking process not only
reinforces active engagement but also provides students with valuable review material for later
reference. Moreover, the teacher's ability to facilitate discussions, ask probing questions, and
encourage student participation becomes crucial in creating an interactive and participatory
learning environment, compensating for the lack of external instructional resources.
Reflection
I realized that:
the use of varied instructional resources is not just a pedagogical choice but a fundamental
necessity in creating a dynamic and effective learning environment. The importance of
incorporating diverse tools, such as educational videos and PowerPoint presentations, goes
beyond mere supplementation; it directly addresses the diverse learning needs and styles of
students. The acknowledgment that these resources capture students' attention, making the
learning process more engaging and understandable, highlights their indispensable role in
modern education. I also gained an appreciation for the teacher as a versatile instructional
resource. In the absence of external tools, the teacher's voice, explanation skills, and interactive
teaching methods become pivotal in delivering content effectively. The realization that dictation
and verbal articulation can serve as powerful tools for students to take notes and review later
underscores the teacher's central role in facilitating learning even when resources are limited.
Source, Greg Tabios Pawilen, et.al. (2019). Rex Printing Company, Inc.Quezon City.
Educational Theory
It is said that a picture is worth a thousand words; we make meaning out of pictures and
translate abstract images into realistic ones. According to 3M Visual Systems Division (1997),
visual aids have been found to have improved learning by up to 400 percent. Hence, using
graphic organizers as instructional resources can help improve teaching and learning activities.
In a stuy conducted byJohal (2011), he concluded that the use of mind mapping in
teaching mathematics has made learning enjoyable and fun, it helped learners gain a deeper
understanding of the mathematics topics and have improved their mathematics achievement. Ths
means that graphic organizers such as mind mapping and the likes are useful resources for
instruction.
Graphic Organizer and visual presentations are communication tools used to present and
demonstrate the relationship of facts and ideas related to the lessonbesing taught. It serves a
guide for learners and helps them develop creative and critical thinking skills as it encourages
visual analysis of the conceot map or diagram being presented. Graphic organizers can be used
during brainstorming of ideas, motivating learners, and in assessing student learning. Some
examples of graphic organizers are the following:
Concept maps
Mind maps
Webs
Plots
Venn diagram
Flow charts
Tables; and graphs
Guided Practice
A. Find answers to the questions indicated in the following forms of graphic organizers
1. Tables can be used for brainstorming and assessment of learners’ prior knowledge about the
topic
Topic: Graphic Organizers
List antything that comes in your mind about the topic:
Conceptual Mapping
Information Organization
Pre-Writing and Brainstorming
Differentiation
Note-Taking
How will you use graphic organizers in teaching?
I will integrate graphic organizers into my teaching methodology as a dynamic and visual
tool for explanation and comprehension enhancement.
Graphic organizers will serve as a roadmap for discussions, breaking down complex
concepts into digestible components.
By incorporating graphic organizers, I aim to provide students with a structured and
organized representation of the subject matter, fostering a clearer and more coherent
understanding of the topic.
Graphic organizers will serve as effective tools during brainstorming sessions and pre-
writing activities. Students can use these visual aids to organize their thoughts before
delving into writing tasks, fostering clarity and coherence in their written work.
During collaborative learning activities, graphic organizers will be employed to facilitate
group discussions. They will provide a visual framework for students to organize and
share their ideas, fostering effective communication within the group.
Draw a concept map about graphic organizers. Identify the benefits of using graphic organizers
in student learning.
Visual representation
Aid in breaking down
enhances
complex topics.
understanding
Enhanced
Provides a visual
Caters to visual Explanation
framework for group
learners.
discussions.
Reflection
Write your reflection by completing the following statements:
I realized that:
graphic organizers serve as powerful tools that not only enhance individual comprehension but
also play a pivotal role in fostering active student engagement. By incorporating graphic
organizers into the learning process, I observed a significant improvement in students' ability to
grasp complex concepts, as these visual aids break down intricate ideas into manageable
components. The use of graphic organizers extends beyond the classroom; even at home,
organizers become invaluable tools for students and teachers alike. These tools help organize
thoughts, making learning more effective and memorable. The clarity and structure provided by
graphic organizers contribute to a deeper understanding and retention of information.
Additionally, recognizing graphic organizers as potential assessment tools has reshaped my
perspective on evaluating student understanding. These tools not only gauge knowledge but also
assess the crucial skills of organizing and applying that knowledge meaningfully. The
multifaceted nature of graphic organizers, acting as both learning aids and assessment tools,
highlights their versatility and importance in creating a holistic approach to education. In
essence, I have come to appreciate graphic organizers not only for their role in enhancing
comprehension but also for their broader impact on promoting effective communication,
collaborative learning, and meaningful assessment in the educational process.
Source, Greg Tabios Pawilen, et.al. (2019). Rex Printing Company, Inc.Quezon City.