CELL-BASIC

UNIT OF LIFE
RAKSHITA SINGH
 introduction
cells
LIVING ORGANISMS
CYTOLOGY

Study of Cell and

more than it’s organelles.
one cell one cell.
UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR
ORGANISMS ORGANISMS

Capable of Independent Division of labour.

existence.
Distinct organs and
Performing the essential organ systems.
functions of life.
 SOME SCIENTISTS AND THEIR
DISCOVERIES

ROBERT HOOKE- ANTON VON LEEUWENKOEK-

1st discovered the cells. His book- Micrographia. 1st saw and described a live cell.

ROBERT BROWN- FONTANA-

discovered the nucleus discovered nucleolus

BOWMAN- MALPHIGI-
gave the term nucleolus observe cells prior to hook and called them, saccules
and utricles
 CELL THEORY

Matthias Schleiden (German botanist, 1838) Theodre Schwann (British zoologist, 1839)
Studied- Plant Studied- Animal
cells cells
make up the tissues of plant body has thin outer membrane called Plasma
membrane.

Presence of cell wall- Unique to plant cells.

Could not explain how new cells are formed.
The bodies of animals and plants are made
up of cells and their products.
RUDOLF VIRCHOW (GERMAN PHYSICIAN,1855)
(AIPMT 2003, 2019)

Cells divide
Form new cells "ominis cellula-e-cellula"

Modified cell theory given by Schleiden and Schwann

Gave shape to modern cell theory

All organisms are composed of cells and products of cells

All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Q1. Which of these scientists observed the different types of cells
in plant tissue?
a) Rudolf Virchow
b) Antony Von Leeuwenhoek
c) Theodore Schwann
d) Matthias Schleiden
Q2. In which year did Matthias Schleiden observe different types of
cells in various plant tissue?
a) 1902
b) 1855
c) 1838
d) 1905
 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
PROJECT RULES
Q3. Matthias Schleiden was a _____ Q4. Theodore Schwann was a _____
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 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
PROJECT RULES
ADDITIONAL
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 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
PROJECT RULES
ADDITIONAL
THE TECHNIQUES
Q8.What is the meaning of Omnis cellula-e cellula?
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 AN OVERVIEW OF CELL
AN OVERVIEW OF CELL
Human cheek (animal cell) Onion Peel cells (Plant cell)

Cell wall absent Cell wall present

Outer membrane as
delimiting structure
Nucleus (Membrane Cytoplasm
bound)
Semi fluid Matrix
contains chromosome
Main arena of cellular
genetic material, DNA. activities
 PROTOPLASM
Jelly like a translucent liquid.
An organelle is a
subcellular structure
that has one or more NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM (where the reactions inorder to
keep the cell in the living state
specific jobs to occur)
perform in the cell,
much like an organ
does in the body.
MEMBRANE BOUND NON-MEMBRANOUS
ORGANELLES ORGANELLE
Nucleus Centrioles
Microbodies Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Golgi body
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
lysosomes
 Centriole Ribosomes
--------------------- ---------------------
Non-membrane bound organelle
non-membrane bound
Present in both prokaryotic and
organelle eukaryotic cells:
only in animal cell
helps in cell division
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
 CELL
PROKARYOTIC CELL EUKARYOTIC CELL
no membrane- membrane bound
bound organelles, organelles,
nucleus nucleus
(AIMPT 2015)
 Shape of cells

RBCs WBCs Nerve cells

Round and biconcave Amoeboid Branched and long

Columnar epithelial Tracheids Mesophyll cells

cells
Long and narrow Elongated Round an oval
 SIZE OF CELL
MYCOPLASMA smallest cells (0.3) µm in NERVE CELLS longest cells
length

BACTERIA (3-5 µm) OSTRICH EGG largest isolated cell

HUMAN RBC (7 µm) in diameter

The shape and size of the cell depends on the functions they perform.
 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
PROJECT RULES
ADDITIONAL
Q1. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of prokaryotic cells?
BASICa)RULES
b) Presence
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 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
PROJECT RULES
ADDITIONAL
Q3. Which cells are the smallest in size?
BASICa)RULES
Bacteria
b) Mycoplasmas
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 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
PROJECT RULES
ADDITIONAL
Q5. Which of the following is NOT a membrane-bound organelle?
BASICa)RULES
Mitochondria
b) Lysosomes
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 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
PROJECT RULES
ADDITIONAL
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BASICa)RULES
Nucleus
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 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Q9.Assertion: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

PROJECT RULES
ADDITIONAL
Reason: Prokaryotic cells are simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells.
a) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct
explanation
BASIC RULES
GOALS
of the assertion.

RESOURCES
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