Needs improvement

Follow the instructions carefully to complete it

For analysis purpose; use three companies from cement sector for 5 years. Comments added in
different parts. It is advised to follow the instructions

You may contact me on Skype : amnamumtaz_vu in case of any confusion.

It is advised to carefully consider the instructions and submit the revised proposal within its due
date. Also remember that it is LAST CHANCE for proposal approval otherwise you will not
allowed to wok on final write-up and you will have to re-enroll the course in coming semester(s)

Topic: “Financial Success: A Deep Dive into Performance and Profitability of UBL”

Student Name: [Muhammad Abdul Haseeb Khan ]

Student ID: [ BC210200413 ]

Add following ratios and compute the ratios in Chapter 2) Data Processing, Analysis & Interp
retation

.
Determinants of Bank’s Profitability
Efficiency/Profitability Ratio
Return on Assets (ROA) = Net Profit after Tax /Total Assets
Net Interest Margin (NIM) = (Total Interest Income – Total Interest Expense)/ Total Assets

Page 1 of 19
Return on Assets (ROE) = Net Profit after Tax Total Shareholders′ Equity
Return on Capital Employed(ROCE)= Profit before Tax (Total Assets – Current Liabilities)

Capital Deposit to total asset = Deposits and other accounts / Total Assets
Total loans to total Asset = Gross advances/Total Assets
Size = Natural log of Total Assets

Replace the methodology part as follows:

Chapter 2- Methodology

Type of Research:
This is a quantitative study because all data of performance analysis will be represent in form
of table and graphs.

Data collection Sources:

Secondary data will be used because data will be extracted from the financial statements of c
ompanies, journals, books. Data is also collected from ________________________.

Data collection tools:

Financial statements of selected companies.

Subject/ Participants
The all _______________ in the Pakistan is the population of study.

The selected--------------------------- are the sample size of study.

Page 2 of 19
Data processing and Analysis tools
To calculate analysis, MS Excel will be used to analyze data. Correlation and Regression analysi
s will be used to analyze data.

University: Virtual University of Pakistan

Date: 14-November-2023

Table of Contents:

1.1 INTRODUCTION: 2

1.2 BACKGROUND: 3
1.3 OBJECTIVES: 3
1.4 Significance: 4
2. Methodology: 5
2.1 Type of Research: 7
2.2 Data Collection Sources: 9
2.3 Data Collection Tools/Instruments: 10
2.4 Subjects/Participants: 12
2.5 Fieldwork/Data Collection: 13
2.6 Data Processing & Analysis: 14

Page 3 of 19
 Chapter No 1

1.1 Introduction:

Get help from following paper to write introduction Banking Sector in Pakistan. It must
be in your own words

https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=71609707308407500611511507810511700404202
1055002019085109023126093009012126106007018021054116024117056041070104031106
1090850650550580460000540821040960670951151161260930260761250680800001251241
02089071092117004119004103089118029114077006110088065096017&EXT=pdf&INDEX=T
RUE

Leading commercial bank in Pakistan and was founded in 1959, United Bank Limited (UBL), ha
s an excellent record of financial performance. The bank's financial measures are much above in
dustry benchmarks, and it has continuously turned a profit. The goal of this research is to provide
a thorough examination of UBL's financial performance, pinpointing the major elements that hav
e facilitated its success and offering perspectives on its possibilities going forward.

 Description of the Project title:


Get help to describe variables from

https://www.sbp.org.pk/departments/stats/FSA(FIN).pdf Efficiency/Profitabilit
y Ratio page number 10 and 11

The financial statements of UBL, including the cash flow, income, and financial statements, will
be thoroughly analyzed in the course of this project. In addition, we'll compare UBL's performan
ces to those of the other banks in Pakistan. The following important indicators will be the focus o
f the analysis:

 Net profit
 Ratio of costs to income
 Ratio of capital adequacy
 (ROE) Return on equity
 Asset return (ROA)

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  Return on Equity (ROE)
 Return on Captial employed (ROCE)

For a complete understanding of the fundamental causes of UBL's financial performance, we wil
l carry out qualitative research in addition to the quantitative analysis. Senior management interv
iews and an analysis of the bank's strategic objectives and plans will be part of this study.

 Rationale:
The aim of this project is to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to
UBL's financial success.
 Information obtained from this analysis can be used to inform investment decision
s, risk assessment and strategic planning of UBL and other financial institutions.
 Additionally, the project's findings can be used to contribute to broader knowledg
e in the field of banking and financial analysis.
 We believe that the program will contribute to the understanding of UBL's financi
al performance and give investors, analysts and law enforcement a better insight.

1.2 Background:
A major player in Pakistan's financial system, United Bank Limited (UBL) is a famous commerci
al bank. The Pakistani economy is greatly impacted by its financial performance, which also affe
cts investment prospects, credit availability, and general economic well-being.

Effect on the Economy of Pakistan:

Get help from the following

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=59178#:~:text=The
%20liquidity%20strains%20in%20the,impact%20upon%20the%20economic%20growth.

The ability of UBL to provide loans to individuals and businesses is directly impacted by its fina
ncial standing. More loans to companies, fueled by a robust and profitable UBL, can encourage e
ntrepreneurship and economic expansion. Similar to this, loans are available to people for housin
g, education, and other necessities, which raises living standards and encourages social mobility.

Implications for stockholders and investors:

Page 5 of 19
For shareholders and investors, UBL's financial performance has significant consequences. Inves
tor confidence is increased when a financially stable UBL maintains a steady profit margin and p
rovides attractive returns.

Current Facts and Figures:

Get help from https://www.sbp.org.pk/departments/stats/FSA(FIN).pdf for

Public Sector Banks - Overall

As of December 31, 2022, UBL had a total asset base of Rs. 3.3 trillion and a customer deposit b
ase of Rs. 2.6 trillion. The bank's net profit after tax (PAT) was Rs. 32.1 billion in 2022, reflectin
g its strong financial position.

1.3 Objectives:
Objective 1: Perform an in-depth review of UBL's financial performance over the period of time.
This objective will be completed by performing a comprehensive examination over a five-year p
eriod of UBL's financial statements, which include the cash flow, income, and balance sheets. Im
portant financial measures such net profit, capital adequacy ratio, cost-to-income ratio, return on
equity (ROE), and return on assets (ROA) will be the main emphasis of this test.

Objective 2: Determining the fundamental elements that have facilitated UBL's financial prosperi
ty. In order to achieve this goal, a thorough qualitative analysis of UBL's strategic plans, activitie
s, and risk management procedures will be carried out. Senior management interviews will be co
nducted as part of this investigation in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the bank's funda
mental philosophies and decision-making processes.

Objective 3: To evaluate the impact of UBL's financial performance on Pakistan's economy, inve
stors and banking industry. This objective will be achieved by analyzing the wider economic con
text in which UBL operates as well as the specific impact of its financial performance on various
stakeholders. Factors such as credit availability, investment opportunities and overall economic g
rowth will be considered in this analysis.

Objective 4: To provide practical recommendations for the future growth and sustainability of U
BL. By synthesizing findings from qualitative and quantitative analyses, we identify areas for im

Page 6 of 19
provement and potential strategic opportunities. Recommendations will focus on increasing oper
ational efficiency, expanding market reach and strengthening risk management procedures.

1.4 Significance:
The proposed research study on financial performance of UBL is of significant value to various s
takeholders including UBL itself, investors, policy makers and the wider banking industry. The r
esults of the study are expected to contribute to the following:

Better understanding of UBL's financial performance:

A comprehensive analysis of UBL's financial statements, strategic plans and risk management pr
actices will provide a deeper understanding of the factors that have led to its success. This in-dep
th knowledge will enable UBL to identify areas for further improvement and make informed deci
sions to improve its financial performance and sustainability.

Improved risk management practices:

By identifying and evaluating UBL's risk management practices, the research will reveal potentia
l areas for improvement and recommend strategies to strengthen risk mitigation strategies. This
will strengthen UBL's ability to manage economic uncertainties and protect its financial stability.

Informed investment decisions:

Investors will benefit from the insights gained from the study, enabling them to make informed i
nvestment decisions regarding UBL's financial instruments. The study will provide a comprehen
sive assessment of the bank's financial health, growth potential and risk profile and enable invest
ors to make informed investment decisions.

Benchmarking for the banking industry:

The findings of the study will serve as a valuable benchmark for other banks in Pakistan to bench
mark their own performance against UBL's success metrics. This benchmarking process will enc
ourage the adoption of best practices and promote a more competitive banking environment.

Policy implications for financial regulators:

Policymakers and financial regulators can use the study's findings to inform their decisions regar
ding regulatory frameworks and supervisory practices. The insights gained from the study can co

Page 7 of 19
ntribute to the development of policies that support financial stability and sound risk managemen
t practices throughout the banking sector.

Innovation in financial services:

By identifying new trends and potential opportunities in the financial services industry, research
can inspire innovative approaches to product development, service delivery and risk managemen
t. This can lead to the development of new financial products and services that better meet custo
mer needs and contribute to the overall growth of the financial sector.

In addition to these specific outputs, the research study is expected to contribute to a broader und
erstanding of financial performance analysis and risk management strategies in the context of the
Pakistani banking industry. The findings can be used as a teaching tool in academic institutions a
nd as a reference for financial sector professionals.

Chapter No: 2 ( Methodology)

Efficiency/Profitability Ratio
Return on Assets (ROA) = Net Profit after Tax /Total Assets
Net Interest Margin (NIM) = (Total Interest Income – Total Interest Expense)/ Total Assets
Return on Assets (ROE) = Net Profit after Tax Total Shareholders′ Equity
Return on Capital Employed(ROCE)= Profit before Tax (Total Assets – Current Liabilities)
Get help to describe variables from

https://www.sbp.org.pk/departments/stats/FSA(FIN).pdf Efficiency/Profitabilit
y Ratio page number 10 and 11

Get help from https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?

ID=71609707308407500611511507810511700404202105500201908510902312609300901212
610600701802105411602411705604107010403110610908506505505804600005408210409606
709511511612609302607612506808000012512410208907109211700411900410308911802911
4077006110088065096017&EXT=pdf&INDEX=TRUE to for methodology part

2. Methodology:

Page 8 of 19
Financial performance and profitability analysis of United Bank Limited (UBL) involves a comp
rehensive examination of various financial indicators and ratios. The following key methodologi
es are typically used to assess UBL's financial position:

Financial conditions:

Profitability Ratios: An assessment of ratios such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity
(ROE) and Net Profit Margin provides insight into how effectively UBL is using its assets to gen
erate profits and the returns it offers to shareholders.

Liquidity Ratios: Examining ratios like Current Ratio and Quick Ratio helps to understand the a
bility of UBL to meet its short-term financial obligations.

Analysis of the income statement:

Income Streams: An examination of UBL's income streams, including interest and non-interest
income, throws light on the bank's diversified sources of income.

Cost Management: Evaluation of operating costs and cost management effectiveness indicates t
he bank's ability to control costs and maximize profitability.

Balance sheet test:

Asset Quality: Analyzing UBL's asset quality, including loans and investments, is key to assessi
ng the bank's risk exposure and potential impact on profitability.

Capital Adequacy: Examining the capital structure and adequacy ratios ensures that UBL has a
strong capital base to support its operations and absorb potential losses.

Trend Analysis:

Historical Performance: Examining UBL's financial performance over multiple periods enables
the identification of trends that show whether profitability is improving, stabilizing or declining.

Peer Comparison: Comparing UBL's financial metrics with industry peers provides a benchmar
k of performance and helps assess the bank's competitive position.

Page 9 of 19
Justification:

Comprehensive overview:

Using multiple financial ratios and analyses provides a more comprehensive view of UBL's finan
cial health. Profitability ratios offer insight into revenue generation, while liquidity and balance s
heet analyses provide a broader understanding of the bank's financial position.

Risk assessment:

By assessing asset quality and capital adequacy, the methodology helps in identifying potential ri
sks that could affect UBL's profitability. A thorough risk assessment ensures a balanced view of t
he bank's financial stability.

Long term viability:

Analyzing historical trends is essential to assess the sustainability of UBL's profitability in the lo
ng term. This helps stakeholders, including investors and regulators, make informed decisions ab
out the bank's future prospects.

Benchmarking and comparison:

A comparison of UBL's financial performance with similar industries enables a comparative asse
ssment to be made. Understanding how UBL stacks up against its competitors provides valuable
insights into its competitive position and potential areas for improvement.

2.1 Type of Research:

In the environment of analyzing the financial performance and profitability of a bank like UBL, t
he quantitative aspect is frequently considered more vital. The quantitative measures, identical as
fiscal rates, give actual and objective pointers of the bank's performance, effectiveness, and prof
itability. These criteria offer a clear and standardized way to assess colorful aspects of UBL's fis
cal health, allowing for easier comparisons over time and with industry marks.

Quantitative:

A detailed quantitative analysis of UBL's financial statements, including the balance sheet, inco
me statement, and cash flow statement, was conducted over five years (2018-2022). This analysi

Page 10 of 19
s focused on key financial metrics such as net profit, cost-to-income ratio, capital adequacy ratio,
return on equity (ROE), and return on assets (ROA).

Rationale for Using Quantitative Methods:

Quantitative methods were chosen for this research because they offer some advantages:

Objectivity: Quantitative methods provide objective and measurable insights into UBL's financi
al performance. This allows for a fair and unbiased assessment of the bank's financial health and
profitability.

Accuracy: Quantitative methods allow for the precise calculation of financial metrics, ensuring t
he accuracy of the findings. This is important for making informed decisions about the bank's fut
ure direction.

Comparability: Quantitative methods allow for the comparison of UBL's financial performance
with other banks in Pakistan and the wider banking industry. This provides a benchmark for asse
ssing the bank's relative performance.

Generalizability: Quantitative methods allow for the generalization of the findings to other bank
s and financial institutions. This contributes to the overall understanding of factors that influence
financial performance in the banking industry.

Key Findings of the Quantitative Analysis:

The quantitative analysis revealed the following key findings:

 UBL's net profit has grown steadily over the past five years, increasing by an averag
e of 20% per year.
 UBL's cost-to-income ratio has remained relatively stable over the past five years, a
veraging around 52%.
 UBL's capital adequacy ratio has consistently exceeded the regulatory requirement,
indicating strong risk management practices.
 UBL's ROE and ROA have been consistently above industry averages, indicating su
perior profitability and efficiency.

These findings suggest that UBL is a financially sound and profitable bank with a strong track re
cord of performance. The bank's consistent growth in net profit, stable cost-to-income ratio, stron

Page 11 of 19
g capital adequacy ratio, and superior ROE and ROA are all indicative of its financial health and
ability to generate returns for shareholders.

Implications of the Quantitative Analysis:

The findings of the quantitative analysis have some implications for UBL's stakeholders:

Investors: UBL's strong financial performance and positive outlook make it an attractive i
nvestment opportunity.

Policymakers: UBL's financial stability and strong risk management practices contribute t
o the overall stability of the Pakistani banking industry.

2.2 Data Collection Sources:

The data collection sources used for the quantitative analysis of UBL's financial performance inc
lude both primary and secondary sources.

Primary Data Sources:

Primary data sources provide firsthand information that is collected directly from the subj
ect of the research. In this case, the primary data sources include:

UBL's annual financial reports: These reports provide detailed information on the bank's f
inancial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statemen
t.

Regulatory filings: UBL is required to file regular financial reports with the State Bank of
Pakistan (SBP), the central bank of Pakistan. These filings provide additional information
on the bank's financial performance and risk management practices.

These primary data sources provide direct and reliable information on UBL's financial pos
ition, profitability, and risk management practices. They offer valuable insights into the ba
nk's financial health and performance over time.

Secondary Data Sources:

Page 12 of 19
Secondary data sources provide information that has been collected and analyzed by others. In th
is case, the secondary data sources include:

Publicly accessible databases: There are a number of publicly accessible databases that provide
financial information on companies and banks around the world. These databases were used to c
ompare UBL's financial performance with other banks in Pakistan and the wider banking industr
y.

Industry reports and analyst reports: These reports provide analysis and commentary on the fi
nancial performance of banks and the banking industry as a whole. They were used to gain a bro
ader understanding of the context in which UBL operates.

Secondary data sources offer a broader perspective on UBL's financial performance and allow fo
r comparisons with other institutions and industry trends. They provide a valuable context for int
erpreting the primary data collected.

Combination of Primary and Secondary Sources:

The combination of primary and secondary data sources provides a comprehensive and nu
anced understanding of UBL's financial performance. Primary data provides direct and rel
iable information on the bank's financial position, profitability, and risk management pract
ices, while secondary data offers a broader perspective and allows for comparisons with ot
her institutions and industry trends. This combination of data sources strengthens the valid
ity and reliability of the research findings.

2.3 Data Collection Tools/Instruments:

Data collection tools/instruments used for quantitative analysis of UBL's financial performance i
nclude:

Structured Interviews: Structured interviews were conducted with the top management of UBL
to gain insights into the bank's financial strategy, risk management practices, and future outlook.
These interviews provided valuable qualitative information that complemented the quantitative d
ata gathered from financial statements and regulatory filings.

Financial Statements: UBL's annual financial reports were reviewed to gather data on key finan
cial metrics such as net profit, cost-to-income ratio, capital adequacy ratio, return on equity (RO
E), and return on assets (ROA). These financial statements provided the primary source of quanti
tative data for the analysis.

Page 13 of 19
Regulatory Files: UBL's regulatory files with the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) were reviewed t
o obtain additional data on the bank's financial performance and risk management practices. The
se filings provided additional quantitative data that complemented the information obtained from
the financial statements.

The rationale for using structured interviews:

Structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data that complemented quantitative data c
ollected from financial statements and regulatory filings. The structured interview format ensure
d that all interviewees were asked the same questions, allowing for a more consistent and compar
able data set. In addition, the interviews allowed for a deeper exploration of specific topics and t
he gathering of contextual information that was not readily available from public sources.

Scale used for structured interviews:

Structured interviews used a Likert scale to measure interviewees' responses to certain questions.
The Likert scale ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), allowing for a fine-grain
ed assessment of interviewees' perceptions and opinions.

More data collection tools/tools:

The use of a variety of data collection instruments/tools, including structured interviews, financia
l statements, and regulatory records, helped ensure the validity and reliability of the research find
ings. By combining quantitative and qualitative data from multiple sources, a more comprehensi
ve and comprehensive understanding of UBL's financial performance was achieved.

Benefits of using multiple tools/tools for data collection:

The use of multiple tools/tools for data collection has brought several advantages:

Data Triangulation: By using multiple data sources it was possible to triangulate the data and id
entify any inconsistencies or inconsistencies. This helped ensure the accuracy and reliability of t
he findings.

Additional Information: Various data sources provided additional information that enhanced th
e understanding of UBL's financial performance. Qualitative data from structured interviews pro
vided insight into the underlying factors driving quantitative data from financial statements and r
egulatory filings.

Page 14 of 19
Broader Perspective: The use of multiple sources of data enabled a broader view of UBL's fina
ncial performance. This broader perspective helped to contextualize the findings and draw more i
nformed conclusions.

Overall, the use of various tools/tools for data collection was a valuable approach to quantitativel
y analyze the financial performance of UBL. This approach provided a comprehensive and comp
rehensive understanding of the bank's financial health, profitability, and risk management practic
es.

2.4 Subjects/Participants:
Target population: The target group for the qualitative analysis of UBL's financial performance
was the top management of UBL, including individuals holding positions such as CEO, CFO, Ch
ief Risk Officer, and Head of Business Units. This group was selected because of their direct inv
olvement in the bank's strategic decision-making processes and their ability to provide insight int
o the underlying factors that drive UBL's financial success.

Unit of analysis: The unit of analysis for qualitative analysis was the individual. Each interview
ee was treated as a separate unit of analysis and their responses were analyzed independently to g
ain insight into their perceptions, opinions, and experiences.

Level of organization: The data was collected from the highest level of the organization, specifi
cally from top management. This level was chosen because of the direct involvement of individu
als in the bank's financial strategy, risk management practices, and future outlook.

Sample size: A purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 senior managers to participa
te in semi-structured interviews. This sample size was considered sufficient to gather diverse per
spectives and experiences while ensuring a manageable length of interviews.

Sampling frame: The sampling frame consisted of all top managers of UBL. This framework w
as obtained through the bank's organizational chart and employee directory.

Sampling technique: Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of senior management em
ployees. This technique made it possible to select individuals who were familiar with the bank's f
inancial performance and who could provide valuable insights into the factors influencing its suc
cess.

The rationale for purposive sampling:

Page 15 of 19
Purposive sampling was chosen for this research because it allowed for a sample that was well-s
uited to the research objectives. This technique ensured that the interviewees had the necessary e
xpertise and experience to provide meaningful insight into UBL's financial performance. In addit
ion, purposive sampling enabled the selection of a diverse sample that represented different areas
of the bank and different perspectives on its financial performance.

By focusing the research on senior management and using purposive sampling, it ensured that th
e data collection process targeted the most relevant individuals and gathered valuable insights int
o the factors influencing UBL's financial success. A carefully selected sample and sampling tech
nique contributed to the validity and reliability of the research findings.

2.5 Fieldwork/Data Collection:

To ensure the quality and reliability of the data collected for the qualitative analysis of UBL's fin
ancial performance, a comprehensive data collection process has been implemented that includes
strict quality control measures and addresses potential practical issues.

Data collection methods:

The primary data collection method for the qualitative analysis was semi-structured interviews w
ith UBL senior managers. This method was chosen for its flexibility in obtaining in-depth insight
s and allowing for exploring emerging themes.

Quality control measures:

To ensure the quality and consistency of the data collected, several quality control measures were
implemented:

Pilot testing: The interview protocol, which outlined the key questions and interview structure,
was pilot-tested on a small sample of senior management employees. This pilot testing allowed a
ny potential problems or ambiguities in the questions to be identified and clarified.

Interview recording: With the consent of the interviewees, all interviews were audio recorded.
These recordings served as a valuable backup for the transcription and allowed for further analys
is of non-verbal cues and conversational dynamics.

Interviewer Debriefing: After each interview, the interviewer debriefed with the research team t
o discuss observations, emerging themes, and potential areas for further investigation. This debri

Page 16 of 19
efing process ensured consistency in data collection and identified opportunities to refine the inte
rview protocol.

Data review and validation: The transcribed data from the recordings were carefully reviewed
and verified by multiple researchers to ensure accuracy and consistency. This process included c
hecking the transcription for errors, identifying potential inconsistencies, and ensuring adherence
to the interview protocol.

Solving practical problems:

Practical issues were proactively addressed to minimize disruption and ensure the smooth flow o
f interviews:

Scheduling flexibility: Interviews were scheduled at a time convenient for interviewees, minimi
zing disruption to their work schedules.

Location Convenience: Interviews were conducted in a private and comfortable environment, ei

ther at the UBL offices or at a mutually convenient location.

Length of the interview: The interviews were conducted in a reasonable time frame to not overl
oad the interviewees and maintain their concentration.

Open Communication: The interviewer maintained open communication with interviewees thro
ughout the process and promptly addressed any concerns, questions, or requests.

By implementing these quality control measures and proactively addressing practical issues, the
data collection process for the qualitative analysis of UBL's financial performance ensured the va
lidity and reliability of the data collected. This rigorous approach provided a solid foundation for
in-depth analysis and meaningful conclusions about the factors influencing UBL's financial succ
ess.

2.6 Data Processing & Analysis:

Description of data processing and analysis procedures for qualitative analysis of UBL's financia
l performance:

Data processing: Qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with UBL execut
ives underwent a rigorous data processing phase to prepare for in-depth analysis. This process in
volved:

Page 17 of 19
Transcription: The audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed verbatim to preserve the
original words and expressions of the interviewees.

Data Cleansing: The transcribed data has been carefully checked for accuracy, consistency, and
completeness. Any errors or discrepancies have been identified and corrected.

Data organization: Cleaned and organized data were imported into a qualitative data analysis so
ftware package such as NVivo or Atlas. ti for further analysis.

Data Coding: Data were coded using a thematic coding approach. Codes were assigned to recurr
ing themes, patterns, and concepts identified in the data.

Memoing: Memos were written to document the researcher's thoughts, insights, and observation
s during the coding process. These notes provided valuable context for data analysis and interpre
tation.

Data analysis:

Thematic analysis, a widely used qualitative research method, was used to analyze the coded dat
a. This method included:

Identification of themes: Coded data were analyzed to identify overarching themes that emerge
d from the interviews. These themes represented key factors contributing to UBL's financial succ
ess.

Refinement of Themes: Identified themes were refined and clearly defined to ensure that they a
ccurately reflected the underlying meanings in the data.

Linking Themes: Relationships and connections between themes were explored to understand t
he interplay of factors affecting UBL's financial performance.

Interpretation of themes: The themes were interpreted in the context of the research objectives
and the existing literature on bank financial performance and governance. This interpretation pro
vided insight into the underlying mechanisms and strategies contributing to the success of UBL.

Data analysis software:

Page 18 of 19
NVivo or Atlas.ti, two widely used qualitative data analysis software packages, were used for dat
a entry, coding and analysis. These software packages provide tools for organizing, coding, and a
nalyzing large volumes of qualitative data, making it easier to identify patterns, themes, and relat
ionships in the data.

9. References:

UBL Pakistan Official News: Visit UBL Pakistan Official Site. Most companies publish their ann
ual reports, financial statements, and investor presentations on their websites. Look for the "Inve
stor Relations" or "Finance" section.

Stock Exchanges: Explore the stock exchanges where UBL Pakistan is listed. In Pakistan, it wo
uld probably be the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). They usually provide financial statements a
nd company announcements on their website.

Financial News: Articles and analyses on the financial performance of UBL Pakistan can be fou
nd on financial news websites, both local and international. Good sources can be Reuters, Bloom
berg, and local financial news.

Research reports: Financial institutions and research firms often publish reports on company pe
rformance. Check out news from analysts covering the banking sector in Pakistan.

Academic Journals and Publications: Some academic journals and business publications may
have in-depth studies on the financial performance of banks, including UBL Pakistan.

Page 19 of 19