UKURAN

KEBERLANJUTAN
PERKULIAHAN KE-5

TAHUN AKADEMIK : 2021/2 PROGRAM STUDI : S-1 / PAR / REG

DOSEN : Dr. RENO CATELYA DIRA OKTAVIA, S.E., M.H. TAHUN KURIKULUM : 2021/1
MATA KULIAH : 18C1A041T - EKOWISATA KELAS : A / KA
DEVELOPMENT VS
SUSTAINABILITY
Development (to make better) : Setelah
perang revolusi hijau, revolusi
industri

Sustainability (to maintain) :

berkelanjutan, bagaimana supaya
pembangunan dapat berkelanjutan?

Unsur/Aspek apa saja yang

berperan/terkait?

There is only one alternative to

sustainability : unsustainability
WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELOPMENT
Development that meet the needs of
current generation without
compromising the ability of the
future generations to meet their
needs and aspirations (World
Commission on Environment and
Development/WCED: Our commons for
future, 1987)
 INTERAKSI EKOLOGI - EKONOMI -
SOSIAL
Economic Development

• Economic growth
Community Economic • Private profit
Development • Market expansion Conservation
• Externalize costs

SUSTAINABLE
• Local self-reliance DEVELOPMENT
• Basic human needs • Carrying capacity
• Equity • Sustainable yield Ecological Development
• Participation • Resources
• Social accountability conservation
Community Development • Appropriate technology • Biodiversity

Deep Ecology
PERCEPTION, ASPIRATION,
PARTICIPATION

Principle the 10 of the Rio

Declaration on Environment and
Development:
Environment issues are the best
handled with the participation
of all concerned citizens. Each
individual should have …
[information], and the
opportunity to participate in
decision-making process (UNCED-
The United Nations Conference on
Environtmen & Development, 1992)
SUB-SISTEM MASYARAKAT
DENGAN PEMBANGUNAN
Individual development Social System

Human System
Goverment System

Support System Social System Social System

Natural System Environment & Resource System

Source : after Bossel, 1999

 PERMASALAHAN

Rates of utilization Waste emission must Rates of use of non-

of renewable not be greater than renewables must not be
resources must not be the assimilation greater than the rate
greater than rates of capacities of the of creation of
regeneration environment renewable subsituties
 PRINSIP MANAJEMEN
Learn how to
manage renewable
01 resources for the
long term;

Reduce waste and

pollution; 02
Learn how to use
energy and materials
more efficiently
03 (including more use
of solar energy);

Invest in
repairing the
damage done to 04
earth
DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN
ISSUE IMPACTS (TO MEASURE)

Raw materials uptake

Resources
Energy consumption
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
Total suspended solids
Waste Emissions (Water) Acidity/Alkalinity (pH)
Concentration of phosphate, nitrates,
heavy metals, etc
Carbon dioxide, nitrous/nitric oxides,
Waste Emissions (Air)
sulphur dioxide
Solid wastes
Water Emissions (Other) Toxic wastes
Noise
Impacts on landscape
Impacts on biodiversity
Further Impacts Contribution to the greenhouse effect
Contribution to ozone layer depletion
Contribution to acid rain deposition
BELIEF SYSTEM VS SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
BELIEF SYSTEM
GROUP SOME CHARACTERISTICS
(SIMPLIFIED)
• Free markets necessary and
sufficient for SD
Liberty Libertarians
• Fairness and equity are
irrelevant
• Sustainability marginally
relevant and not inconsistent
Efficiency Corporatists
with maximizing output over
time
• All humans have natural rights
Equality Egalitarians which require social, economic
and political equality
• Global perspective
• Inter-generational and inter-
Community Communitarians
specific equity are important
• Economic growth undesirable
Source : after Allenby et al, 1998
CHECKLIST SUSTAINABILITY
QUESTION CHECKLIST
EXPLANATION
NUMBER QUESTION
What are the key considerations I regard as important to the
maintenance of my quality of life? This can include the response “I
What is important to don’t care!”
1 me in sustainable For most people this will be a complex combination of
development? environmental, social and economic concerns that may change
with time and space (where the individuals lives), and also depend
upon whom one is interacting with.
How do I engage with How do I engage with, interact with or relate to the things I indentify
or relate to the key as important?
2
considerations For most people it may simply be via everyday experience and the
identified in 1? media (newspaper, TV, radio).

What do I do about Once I know what is important and how I engage with it, what do I
it? then do about the information I receive, especially if it suggests that
3 things are “wrong”?
(internalized This can vary from “doing something” to talking.
response) The response may be “internalized”, eg worry.
What do I expect
others to do about
As with 3, only “What do I expect others to do about it?” and “How
4 it?
do I interact with them in order to achieve this?”
(Externalized
response)
 HORIZON OF INFLUENCE
SPACE
HORIZON OF
World
INFLUENCE
HORIZON OF COMPRISING

Systems in time and space

Nation Influence that are significantly
HORIZON OF
ATTENTION affected by an actor
System whose behaviour,
development and/or fate
Attention
Environment is of some interest to an
HORIZON OF actor
RESPONSIBILITY Systems where an actor
Community would be willing to carry
Responsibility some responsibility in
Family order to see them survive
or improve
Next Next few Lifetime Future TIME
week years generations
 INTEGRATED ASSESMENT
IA RESEARCH IA TOOLKIT METHODS CYCLE
AREAS (example)
Participatory Methods
Risk Analysis • Dialogue methods
• Policy exercice
• Mutual learning methods Participatory Methods

Technology Integrated
Assessment Assessment
Scenario Building Modelling
Analytical Methods
• Modelling
Policy Analysis • Scenario building
• Risk analysis

Forecasting
(exploratory)
“Explore future consequences of a
sequence of assumptions”
Backcasting
(anticipatory)
“Start from some assumed final state
and explore preconditions that could
lead to this state”
 PROGRESSASSESMENT CYCLE
The Performance Measurement The Learning Cycle
& Progress Assessment Cycle

Risk Analysis
Engagement
and
Application
Technology Integrated
Assessment Assessment

Experimentation Observation
and and
Policy Analysis Implementation Reflection

Thinking
and
Theory
 THE POLICY CYCLE

POLICY
PREPARATION
Peran kebijakan sangat
penting : pro-konservasi,
pro-lingkungan, pro-poor

POLICY POLICY
EVALUATION FORMULATION
Diperlukan analisis
kebijakan yang tepat

POLICY
EXECUTION
 PSR MODEL
(Pressure -State –Response)
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITION
(Ecosystem integrity)

BENEFITS
(Benefits provided by ecosystem)
HUMAN ACTIVITIES
(Activities that directly affect the
environment)

SOCIETAL STRATEGIES
(Strategies to sustain healthy
ecosystem)
 CONTOH POLUSI PESTISIDA
STATE
Environmental
Condition
Reduction in river
biodiversity

Benefits
Human Activities • Recreation (Fishing,
PRESSURE Pesticide application in
boating)
watersheed
• Aesthetics

RESPONSE

Societal Strategies
Encourage a reduction in
pesticide use
MODEL PIR (Probabilistic Information Retrieval)
Pressure
Driving Forces Human activities directly
Basic sectoral trends affecting environtment

Response State
…….. of society to the Observable change of the
problem environment

Impact
Effect of a changed
environment
RADAR DIAGRAM FOR COMPANY SUSTAINABILITY

Indicator Value
Global Warming 113

Ozone Depletion 78

Material Intensity 145

Toxic Release 128

Energy Intensity 61

Water Intensity 80

Product Characteristic 118

Quality of Management 85
ATTRIBUT OF INDICATORS
Basic Eco-efficiency
Compromise

Complexity AMOEBA or RADAR

(Joly, 2001)
THE ORIENTOR OF SD
No Orientor Numerator Denominator
Speed of escape from a Speed of approach of
1 Existence
danger danger
Effectivenes Rate of increase in Rate of erosion of
2
s resources efficiency resources availability
Rate of increase in
Freedom of Rate of appearance of
3 spectrum of possible
Action new challenges
response
Rate of installation of Rate of increase of
4 Security
protective measure threats
Rate of structural Rate of irreversible
5 Adaptability
change changes
Rate of change of
Rate of appearance of
6 Coexistence interaction and
new actors
communication
IUCNBAROMETEROFSUSTAINABILITY
(InternationalUnionfor Conservationof Nature)
PYRAMID INDICATOR SETS
Increasing
condensation of
data Indices
Public

Policy-makers/ Managers Indicators

Scientist and Technicians

Total Quantity Of Information Data

Quiz :
done
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Bell, S., S. Morse. 2003. Measuring Sustainability:

Learning from doing. Earthscan, London.

Handbook from Prof. Dr. Ir. Hadi S. Alikodra, MS.

TERIMA KASIH