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Abstract Proceedings
Abstract Proceedings
Published by
Directorate of Public Relations and Publications for
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry
Cochin University of Science & Technology
Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
English Language
Abstract proceedings- International Conference on Benthos (ICB 2019)
Editors:
S. Bijoy Nandan
P. Priyaja
Swapna P. Antony
K. B. Padmakumar
M. Harikrishnan
P. R. Sreerekha
P. R. Jayachandran
© Copy rights reserved by the authors,

First published in March 2019
Citation:
ICB (2019). Abstract proceedings- International Conference on Benthos. S. Bijoy Nandan, P. Priyaja,
Swapna P. Antony, K.B. Padmakumar, M. Harikrishnan, P.R.Sreerekha, P.R. Jayachandran (eds.).,
Directorate of Public Relations and Publications for Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and
Biochemistry, CUSAT, Kochi, India.175pp. ISBN 978-81-936217-5-2.
Cover Design:
Jayachandran PR
Publisher:
Director
Directorate of Public Relations and Publicationsfor
Department of marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry,
School of Marine Sciences,
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Kochi- 682022, Kerala state, India.
Website: www.cusat.ac.in
Email: dpr@cusat.ac.in, bijoynandan @yahoo.co.in
Printed in India at:

Indus offset printers
Kochi-682022, Kerala
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior
written permission of the publisher or author.
ISBN 978-81-936217-5-2
PREFACE
Oceans provide the vital supplies of food, biodiversity also maintaining the trophic structure and
ecosystem services. In recent times, several factors ranging from anthropogenic to climatic factors are
affecting the biota, almost losing the critical resources transforming them to isolated stressed habitats.
In this context, the benthic zone is vital, in maintaining the productivity and recycling of organic
matter to the organisms. Since the last five decades, our knowledge on the ecology and production
processes in the benthic realm from the global oceans and other coastal marine environments have
been phenomenal through various field surveys. Advanced exploratory cruises and voyages, sampling
methods, and remote sensing techniques have all enhanced our understanding on the benthic fauna
and its bio-physical relationship in the ecosystems. The morpho-taxonomy of species has also been
crucial on our insight on the benthic habitat through these periods. However, even with the renewed
knowledge in benthic science, there are still many areas of concern on the overall health of the benthic
realm and its biodiversity status. So, a concerted effort from scientists, academicians and researchers
are required for our deeper understanding and effective management of the benthic zone of the marine
environment. The initiative of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (formerly Dept. of Ocean
Development), Govt. of India under the programme “Benthic productivity of the seas around India”
is relevant, when a major work in benthic research in the country, was conducted from which baseline
data and publications on various benthic groups were evolved from the continental shelf and slope
regions up to 1000m. The Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of
Marine Sciences, CUSAT also played a crucial role in the development on benthic science in the
country and had an active role in the first International Indian Ocean Expeditions (IIOE). In view of
this, the Department of Marine Biology decided to organize the International Conference on Benthos
(ICB 2019) in connection with 80th year celebration of School of Marine Sciences, CUSAT. The
conference will discuss the future of benthic studies and research across the marine ecosystems,
especially in the changing climate scenarios on a global scale. This “Abstract Proceedings” is a
collection of papers being presented in ICB 2019.One hundred and seventy four papers are presented
in the conference under the sessions, Benthic Ecology and Diversity, Benthic Resources and Productivity,
Bio prospecting of Benthos, Pollution Impacts and Ecosystem Services, Benthic Microbiology and Molecular
Biology and special sessions, Indian Ocean Studies, Biodiversity Acts and its Relevance, Polar Benthic
Studies. Among the presentations, twenty nine are lead lectures, seventy two oral and seventy one
poster presentations. Maximum effort was made by the abstract evaluation committee as well as the
editors to incorporate all the relevant information in the abstracts that will be useful to the students,
academicians and researchers in studies on benthos and its environment.
Kochi, Kerala Editors

March, 2019
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The editors are indebted to the Vice Chancellor, CUSAT for his necessary support and advice in
the preparation of the Abstract Proceedings. We are also sincerely thank the Director,
Directorate of Public Relations & Publications, CUSAT for his advice and support for the
publication of this “Abstract proceedings”. We are also thankful the National Biodiversity
Authority (NBA) and Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) for the necessary funding for the
publications of the conference. Editors are also thankful to various other funding agencies and
sponsors of conference such as University Grants Commission (UGC), Kerala State Higher
Education Council, Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology (CMLRE), National
Institute of Oceanography (NIO), ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (ICAR-
NBFGR), Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR: CIFT), Central Institute of Fisheries
Nautical and Engineering Training (CIFNET), National Institute of Fisheries Post Harvest
Technology and Training (NIFPHATT), Marine Products Exports Development Authority
(MPEDA), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean studies (KUFOS), Kerala State Pollution
Control Board (KSPCB), M/s Borosil, M/s Ultra Scientific, M/s Norinco and M/s Pelican
Equipments for their support to conduct the International Conference on Benthos (ICB 2019)
and bring out this contribution. We are grateful to staff’s, researchers and students of the
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, CUSAT for their unstinted
support in publishing this Souvenir.
Editors
INAUGURAL PROGRAMME
VENUE: Seminar Complex, CUSAT, Kalamassery, Kochi 22
DATE: 6th March 2019 (Wednesday)
TIME: 9:30 AM TO 11:30 AM
Welcome: Prof. (Dr.) S. Bijoy nandan

Convener, ICB 2019
Professor and Head, DMMB
Presidential Address: Prof. (Dr.) R. Sasidharan

Hon'ble Vice Chancellor, CUSAT
Inauguration: Dr. M. Rajeevan

(Chief Guest) Secretary
Ministry of Earth Sciences
Govt. of India
Guest of Honour: Prof. (Dr.) Rajan Gurukkal P. M.

Vice-Chairman
Kerala State Higher Education council
Govt. of Kerala
Keynote address: Dr. Graham P. Oliver

Erudite Scholar, CUSAT &
Honorary Research Fellow
National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, UK
Special Address: Prof. (Dr.) Ng Kee Lin, Peter

Erudite Scholar, CUSAT &
Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum
National University of Singapore
Felicitations : Dr. M. Sudhakar

Director, CMLRE, Kochi
Prof. (Dr.) Rosamma Philip

Dean, Faculty of Marine Sciences, CUSAT
Prof. (Dr.) P. K. Abdul Azis

Former Vice Chancellor
CUSAT & Aligarh Muslim University
Prof. (Dr.) N. Chandrmohanakumar

Director, IUCMB, CUSAT
Prof. (Dr.) Aneykutty Joseph

Director, School of Marine Sciences, CUSAT
Release of Conference Publications

Release of Logo (Benthological Association of India)
Award Presentation: Prof. (Dr.) N.R. Menon Memorial Award
Prof. (Dr.) C.V. Kurian Memorial Award
Life Time Achievement Award(s)
Vote of Thanks: Dr. priyaja p.

Organising Secretary, ICB 2019
Assistant Professor, DMMB, CUSAT
National Anthem
Marine Expo 2019 Inauguration
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE AND CONTENTS
DAY1: 06-03-2019/ C.V. KURIAN HALL-1

SESSION 1: BENTHIC ECOLOGY AND DIVERSITY
Keynote address:
12.15-12.50pm: Prof. P. Graham Oliver,
Honorary Research Fellow, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, UK
Topic: Taxonomic Sufficiency in Benthic Ecology with special reference
to the Bivalvia of the Indian Ocean / 1
1.00-1.30pm: Dr. S. Ajmal Khan
Former Professor, CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University
Topic: Advances in the Macrobenthic Research of Indian Waters: Promises and Challenges / 2
Lead lecture: 2.30-2.55pm:

Dr. A.V. Raman, Former Professor, Andhra University
Topic: Shallow Water Macrobenthic Communities of the Peninsular East Indian Coast / 4

Dr. C. Raghunathan, Joint Director, ZSI, Kolkata
Topic: Marine Biodiversity of India - special reference to benthic fauna of Indian EEZ / 6
ORAL SESSION
Page
No Title Time
No.
Bivalve (Mollusca; Bivalvia) Diversity of Lakshadweep, India 4.10-

7
BED-O-01 Ravinesh, R., Arathi, A.R., and Biju Kumar, A. 4.20pm
Vertical Distribution and Variability of Meiobenthic

Assemblages from Sundarban Estuarine System, India 4.20-
8
BED-O-02 Ghosh, M. and Mandal, S. 4.30pm
Benthic Ecology and Faunal Diversity of Chilka Lagoon after

Hydrological Intervention 4.30-
9
BED-O-03 Mahapatro Debasish, Panigrahy, R.C., Panda Sudarsan and 4.40pm
Mishra, R.K.
Benthic Meio-Faunal Composition and Community
Structure in Different Zones of Pichavaram Mangroves,
4.40-
Southeast Coast of India
4.50pm 10
Punniyamoorthy, R., Mahadevan, G., ParthaSarathy,P.,
BED-O-04
Selveraj, P and Murugesan, P.
Population Dynamics of the Edible Wedge Clam, Donaxcuneatus
Linnaeus, 1758 (Bivalvia: Donacidae) in Chennai Coastal Waters
4.50-
Yambem Tenjing, S., Behera, D.P., Joyson Joe Jeevamani, J.,
BED-O-05 5.00pm 11
Krishnan, P., Deepak Samuel,V., Abhilash, K.R.,
Narasimhaiah, N., Purvaja, R and Ramesh, R.
Ecological Integrity and Functionality of Benthic Macrofauna in

Vembanad Estuary
5.00-
BED-O-06 Asha, C.V., Retina I. Cleetus, Bijoy Nandan, S 12
5.10pm
and Suson, P.S.
Assessing the population dynamics of Donax faba through benthic-

pelagic linking approach in a tropical sandflat, India 5.10-
13
BED-O-07 Mandal S 5.20pm
Response of macrobenthos to temporal events:

A case for Kakinada Bay on the east coast of India
5.20-
BED-O-08 Bhagyashree Dash, Sonali S. Rout, DiptiRaut and Akkur 14
5.30pm
Raman
POSTER SESSION
On New Records and New Species of
Crustaceans from Coral Reefs of Gujarat State, India 11am
BED-P-01 15
Trivedi, J. N. and Vachhrajani, K. D.
Colonization and Coexistence of Micro Epibionts on an

Artificial Substratum in a Mangrove Ecosystem of Kerala,
BED-P-02 South West Coast of India 11am 16
Annie Koshy and Sunil Kumar, R.
Taxonomic Notes on Subterranean Fish Collected

from Kerala, India
11am 17
BED-P-03 Mrudula Mohan, Bijoy Nandan, S. and Harikrishnan, M
Diversity of Sea Anemones in the Intertidal Regions

of Kerala, South West Coast of India
BED-P-04 11am 18
Anushma, K and Prabhakaran, M.P.
An Overview of Baby Clam Fishery in Vembanad Backwater

BED-P-05 Amritha, K.S. and Jayalakshmi, K.J. 11am 19
Phytoplankton Diversity of Vembanad Estuary-

a Search for Economically Valuable Members 11am 20
BED-P-06
Athira C. U and Krishnakumar K
Habitat and Microhabitat Distribution of

Stream Insect Communities of Chalakudi River, Western Ghats
BED-P-07 11am 21
Banazair O.A. and Christopher G.
Application of Geographical Information System (GIS) for Site

Suitability Modeling and Development of Spatial Decision
BED-P-08 Support for Shrimp Farming 11am 22
Shaginimol, C. N., Manojkumar, B and Kaliraj, S.
Description of Morphotypes in the Genus Villorita

(Black Clam) from Vembanad Estuary
BED-P-09 Catherine Shamily, Bijoy Nandan, S., Oliver, P.G. 11am 23
AndSantu, K.S.
Macrofaunal Assemblages in the Mussel Beds of Malabar Coast,
South West Coast of India
BED-P-10 11am 24
DavoodNihal and Prabhakaran, M.P.
An Annotated Checklist of Marine Brachyuran Crabs of Gujarat

BED-P-11 11am 25
Trivedi, D. J., Trivedi, J. N. and Vachhrajani, K. D.
Response of Macrobenthos to Coastal Hypoxia off Mumbai

BED-P-12 Coast 11am 26
Gujare, M. P., Sukumaran, S., Mulik, J. and Srinivas, T.
Study of Gastropod Shell Utilization Pattern of Clibanarius

signatus Heller, 1861
BED-P-13 11am 27
Patel, P. R and Trivedi, J. N.
Species Diversity and Distribution of Marine Shrimps

BED-P-14 (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Gujarat State, India 11am 28
Barkha Purohit and Kauresh D. Vachhrajani
DAY1: 06-03-2019 / N.R. MENON HALL-2
SESSION 2: BENTHIC RESOURCES AND PRODUCTIVITY

Dr.V.N. Sanjeevan, Former Director, CMLRE, Kochi
Topic: Environmental and Productivity aspects on the Benthic realm
ORAL SESSION
Page
No Title Time
No.
Catch Composition and Management of Estuarine Lobster
and Crab Fishery of Thane, Maharashtra
3.40-
BRP-O-01 Pradhan, S. K., Abuthagir Iburahim, S., Nakhawa, A. D. 29
3.50pm
and LathaShenoy
Feeding Ecology, Niche Overlap and Trophic Interactions

of Four Demersal Catfishes of Cochin Estuary 3.50-
BRP-O-02 30
SaswataMaitra and Harikrishnan, M. 4.00pm
Food and Feeding Habit of Sea Star Astropecten indicus Döderlein,

1888 from the South East Coast of India
4.00-
BRP-O-03 Chamundeeswari, K., Vijayanand, P., Deepak Samuel, V., 31
4.10pm
Abhilash, K.R., Sankar, R., Purvaja, R and Ramesh, R.
Visualizing Scientific Paradigm in the Application of Artificial

Intelligence in the Monitoring of Marine Benthic Composition
BRP-O-04 4.10- 32
Reshma, B., Shankar, D., Joshi, K. K. and Grinson, G.
4.20pm
Infaunal Marine Bivalves off the West Coast of India
4.20-
BRP-O-05 Arathi, A.R., Ravinesh, R and Biju Kumar, A. 33
4.30pm
Juveniles of Hook-Nosed Sea Snake (Hydrophis schistosus, Daudin,
1803) Control the Population of Catfish (Arius jella) Revealed from
4.30-
BRP-O-06 Fishery By-Catch 34
4.40pm
Tambre, G.N. and Nanajkar, M.N.
Polychaete Functional Diversity along the Western Indian

4.40-
BRP-O-07 Continental Margin 35
4.50pm
Sabyasachi Sautya and Santosh Gaikwad
POSTER SESSION
The Catch Composition of Winter Migratory Coastal Set Bagnet

BRP-P-01 Operating in Hooghly - Matlah Estuary, West Bengal 11am 36
Amrutha R. Krishnan and Talwar, N.A
Underwater Observation on Copepod Swarm in a Coral Reef

BRP-P-02 Ecosystem from the South-West Coast of India
11am 37
Sanu V. Francis and Bijoy Nandan, S.
Studies on Seasonal Variation of Macro Benthos in the Cage Culture

BRP-P-03 Site at Moothakunnam
Smina, M.S, Sunithakumari, K, Priya, N.P, Ajithkumar, P.B and 11am 38
Shoji Joseph
Taxonomic Evaluation of Family Platycephalidae based on Otolith

BRP-P-04 11am 39
Morphology and Morphometric Characters from Indian Waters
Vikas, Jaiswar, A. K. and Shashi Bhushan
DAY1: 06-03-2019 / C.C. JOHN HALL-3

SESSION 3: BIO PROSPECTING OF BENTHOS
Dr. Sajeevan T.P.
Assistant Professor, NCAAH, CUSAT
Topic: Recent Advancements in Marine Bioprospecting for Novel Drug Candidates with Biomedical
Applications /40-41

Dr. Harikrishnan K.
Senior Scientist, RGCB, Trivandrum
Topic: Molecular Tools and its Application in Benthic Studies / 42
ORAL SESSION
Composition and Bioactivity of Yeasts from Mangrove Sediments of 4.10-

BPB-O-01 43
North Kerala 4.20pm
Vidya, P., Sreedevi N.Kutty and Sebastian, C. D.
Anticancer Activity and Biochemical Analysis of Conotoxins of

Conusinscriptus 4.20-
BPB-O-02 44
Anjali Kumari and Selvankumar Thangaswamy 4.30pm
Bioprospecting of Sediment Borne Bacteria from Cochin Estuary

Sandhya, S., ShahanaKabeer, Vishnupriya, S and Mohamed Hatha, 4.30-
BPB-O-03 45
A.A. 4.40pm
Molecular Characterization of a Histone Derived Peptide from the

Zig-Zag Eel, Mastacembelus armatus 4.40-
BPB-O-04 4.50pm 46
Anooja, V.V., Archana, K., Athira, P. P., Anju, M. V., Neelima
and Rosamma Philip
Composition and Physical Properties of Crustacean Shell Waste
Derivatives Incorporated Shrimp Diets 4.50-
BPB-O-05 47
Ancy, A and Sabu, S. 5.00pm
POSTER SESSION
Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Flower Tail Prawn Metapenaeus

dobsoni (Miers, 1878), from Cochin Backwaters
BPB-P-01 Adarsh, P. P., Ajit Antony, Reshma, C.R., Anju, M.V., Archana, 11am 48
K. and Rosamma Philip
Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptide Hepcidin from

Burrowing Goby, Trypauchen vagina
BPB-P-02 Athira, P.P., Archana, K., Anooja, V.V., Anju, M.V., Neelima 11am 49
and Rosamma Philip
Characterization of Sedimentary Humic Acids from Mangrove

Ecosystem Using UV-Visible Spectroscopy
BPB-P-03 Jennees Mathew, Anu Gopinath, Rosily, A.V. and 11am 50
Sanil, V.L.
Comparative Study on Physical Properties and Composition of Plant

Protein Incorporated Aqua Feeds for Shrimp Farming
BPB-P-04 11am 51
Nikhila R. Khanna and Sabu, S.
DAY 2: 07-03-2019 / C.V. KURIAN HALL-1

SESSION 1: BENTHIC ECOLOGY AND DIVERSITY
Lead lecture: 9.30-10.15 am
Dr. Ángel Borja, AZTI Marine Research Centre, Spain
Topic: Benthic Communities and their Use in Marine Health Monitoring Programs, Including New
Genomic Tools / 52
Lead lecture: 10.30-10.50am:

Dr. A. Biju Kumar, Professor, University of Kerala
Topic: The Biodiversity of Indian Ocean Benthos
and Taxonomic Impediment: The Way Forward /53
Lead lecture: 11.00-11.20am

Dr. Prakash Nautiyal, Professor, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University.
Topic: Macroinvertebrate Faunal and Assemblage Diversity
in the Mountain and Plateau Rivers of North India / 54

Dr. Anita George, Scientist, CSIR-NIO, Goa
Topic: Sponges as ‘real-estates’ of the ocean – a scrutiny from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia / 55
Lead lecture: 2.00-2.25pm

Dr. C. Annapurna, Former Professor, Andhra University
Topic: Meiofauna Research Approaching 2020: Knowledge Gaps and New Avenues from the Indian
Perspective / 56
Lead lecture: 2.30-2.55pm

Dr. Thadickal V. Joydas, Research Scientist,
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, KSA
Topic: Benthic communities in the deep-sea environments of the Red Sea / 57
ORAL SESSION
Diversity and Abundance of Macro Benthic Fauna in Relation to

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Water in River Chaliyar,
Kerala 12.30-
BED-O-09 58
Sharma, S.K., Saha, A., Roshith, C.M., Paul, T.T., Sudheesan,12.40pm
D., Khan, F., Suresh, V.R and Das, B. K.
Distribution of Foraminiferal Assemblages with Environmental

Parameters in the Sundarbans Mangrove Biosphere 12.40-
BED-O-10 59
Vandana Kumari Gupta and Sandip Kumar Mukhopadhyay 12.50pm
MacrobenthicBiocoenosis in a Microtidal Monsoonal Estuary

12.50-
BED-O-11 (Kodungallur-Azhikode Estuary, South West Coast of India) 60
1.00pm
Jayachandran, P. R. and Bijoy Nandan, S.
FLASH ORAL SESSION
Assessing the Ecological Status of a Tropical Estuary Using
Macrofaunal Functional Diversity and Biological Trait Analyses 3.00-
BED-OF-01 61
Sivadas, S.K. 3.05pm
Benthic Faunal Community Structure in a Semi-Enclosed

Coastal Ecosystem: What Can We Learn from the Chilka
3.05-
BED-OF-02 Lagoon 62
3.10pm
Kapuli Gani Mohamed Thameemul Ansari
Periodic Fluctuations in Burrow Morphology of Ilyoplax sayajiraoi

(Crustacea: Brachyura: Dotillidae) at
3.10-
BED-OF-03 Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat, India 63
3.15pm
Gargi K. Vaidya and Kauresh D. Vachhrajani
Distribution of Coral Species in Nearshore Regions

of North Andaman Islands, India
3.15-
BED-OF-04 Mohan, P.M., Bikramaditya Sahu, Muruganantham, M and 64
3.20pm
Jeeva, C.
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Macrobenthic Community in

an Estuarine and Coastal Region of Ennore,
3.20-
BED-OF-05 South East Coast of India 65
3.25pm
Kumar Balachandar, Arumugam Sundaramanickam, Deepak
Samuel, V., Abhilash, K. R., Purvaja, R and Ramesh, R.
Study of Gastropod Shell Preference Diogenes chhapgari
Trivedi, Osawa&Vachhrajani, 2016 3.40-
BED-OF-06 66
Limje N. and Trivedi J. N. 3.45pm
An Annotated Checklist of Stomatopods (Crustacea:

Stomatopoda) of India
3.45-
BED-OF-07 Maheta, N. P., Trivedi, D. J., Vachhrajani, K. D. and 67
3.50pm
Trivedi, J. N.
Population Dynamics of Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829 from

Karnataka Coast, India
3.50-
BED-OF-08 Narasimhaiah, N., Rajashekar, K.P., Shivaprakasha, S.M and 68
3.55pm
Tenjing, S.Y.
Decadal Changes and Community Shift in Benthic Macrofauna
in Mangrove Habitats of Cochin 3.55-
BED-O-F09 69
Philomina Joseph and Bijoy Nandan, S. 4.00pm
Fish Diversity of Dal Lake, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Saima Andrabi, Abrar Ahmad Bhat, Mohammad Yasir Arafat 4.00-
BED-OF-10 70
and Yahya Bakhtiyar 4.05pm
Diversity of Macrobenthic Crustaceans in Dharamtar Estuarine

Confluence, Raigad, Maharashra, India 4.05-
BED-OF-11 Sathish, C., Mukesh, K., Vikas, Pavan Kumar, A., Geetanjali 4.10pm 71
Deshmukhe and Jaiswar, A.K.
Distribution and Abundance of Benthic Organisms around

Mumbai Coast, Maharashtra, India
4.10-
BED-OF-12 Suman Takar, Gurjar, U.R., JyotiSaroj, Dwivedi, A., 72
4.15pm
Geetanjali Deshmukhe and Jaiswar, A. K.
Study of Distribution and Abundance of Macrobenthos in

Mangroves Ecosystem of Kali Estuary, West Coast India Karwar,
4.15-
BED-OF-13 Karnataka 73
4.20pm
Vasanthkumar, B.
Functional Traits Assembly Patterns of Benthic Macrofaunal

Communities in a Seasonal Wetland, Kerala 4.20-
BED-OF-14 74
Vineetha, S. and Bijoy Nandan, S. 4.25pm
Benthic Macro-Invertebtate Diversity of River Tapti

Wakambam Anand Meetei, Kamble, S.P., Vaisakh, G., 4.25-
BED-OF-15 75
Dibakar Bhakta, Solanki, J.K. , and Suresh,V.R. 4.30pm
Studies on Diversity of Benthic Macro invertebrates in Relation to

Ecology of Aripal and Watalara Streams of Kashmir, India
4.30-
BED-OF-16 Zahoor Ahmad Mir, Tabasum Yousuf, Maqsooda Akhtar and 76
4.35pm
Yahya Bakhtiyar
Studies on Macrobenthic Communities – Family Leucosiidae

(Crustacea: Brachyura) from the East Coast of India 4.35-
BED-OF-17 77
Vijayakumar, P and Babu, D. E. 4.40pm
Community Structure of Macrobenthos in Thankassery Fishing

Harbour of Kerala, South West Coast of India 4.40-
BED-OF-18 79
Ambily K. Sukumaran and Sunil Kumar, R. 4.45pm
POSTER SESSION
Distribution Pattern of Larval Forms of Benthic Invertebrates of
Two Major Estuaries
BED-P-12 11am 80
Hani Mohandas, P.M. and Jayalakshmi, K.J.
Trophic Structure of Soft Bottom Macrobenthos in the Tropical

Kundalika Estuary, India
BED-P-13 11am 81
Heidy Q. Dias and Soniya Sukumaran
Seasonal Variation on Macrobenthic Diversity along the South

East Coast of Tamil Nadu (Lat. 8.08° to 10.79°N), India
BED-P-14 Ruban Prabakaran, J.,Vibin, A, Ramasubburayan,R., 11am 82
Palavesam, A and Immanuel, G
First Report of Two Species of Anoplodactylus (Pycnogonida:
Phoxichilidiidae) from the Intertidal Region of South Andaman,
India
BED-P-15 11am 83
Muthu Mohammed Naha, N., Limaangnen Pongener and
Padmavati, G.
Allometry and Condition Factor of Gerres filamentosus Cuvier,

1829 from Karnataka Coast, India
BED-P-16 Narasimhaiah, N., Rajashekar, K P., Shivaprakash, S.M. and 11am 84
YambemTenjing, S.
Taxonomic Notes on Epibenthic Harpacticoid Copepods from

Lagoon Waters of Lakshadweep, India
BED-P-17 11am 85
NeelimaVasu, K and Bijoy Nandan, S.
Distribution and Diversity of Benthic Polychaete Families in

Pozhikara Estuary, South West Coast of India
BED-P-18 11am 86
Parvathy, S., and Prabhakaran, M.P.
Importance of Benthic foraminifera for Palaeoenvironmental and

Palaeoclimatic reconstruction studies
BED-P-19 Siva Chandiran, A., Yoganandan, V., ArunKarthik, P and 11am 87
Jishnu, P. A.
Structural and Functional Diversity of Nematode Fauna in Kochi

BED-P-20 Harbour, West Coast of India 11am 88
Annapurna, C. and Chandra Rao, K.
Cultural programme and Dinner at C.V. Kurian Hall,date: 07/03/2019, time: 6.30-8.30 pm
DAY 2: 07-03-2019 / N.R. MENON HALL-2
SESSION 2: BENTHIC RESOURCES AND PRODUCTIVITY-BRP

Dr. K. Sunil Kumar Mohamed,
Principal Scientist & Head, CMFRI, Kochi
Topic: Commercial Benthic bivalve molluscs of India/-

Dr. Ajith Kumar,
Principal Scientist, NBFGR, Kochi
Topic: Marine ornamental resources of the Indian Ocean region / 89

Dr. M. Harikrishnan,
Director, School of Industrial Fisheries, CUSAT
Topic: Benthic Decapod Crustaceans Constituting Exploited Fishery / 90

Dr. P.U. Zacharia,
Principal Scientist, CMFRI, Kochi
Topic: Decadal trends of Indian Demersal fisheries / 91

Dr.David Checkley,
Professor Emeritus, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA
Topic: Roles and Variability of Mesopelagic Fish / 92
DAY 2: 07-03-2019 / C.C. JOHN HALL-3
SESSION 4: POLLUTION IMPACT AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Dr. V. Kripa,
Principal Scientist, CMFRI, Kochi
Topic: Impacts of marine litter on coastal and marine benthic ecosystems / 93

Dr. S. Ajmal Khan,
Former Professor, CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University
Topic:Benthos as Biomarkers for investigating the implications of climate changes

Dr. D. Mohan,
Former Scientist- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR)
Topic: Benthic organisms as sentinel species for Marine Ecotoxicological Studies / 94

Dr. BabanIngole,
Former Scientist, CSIR-NIO, Goa
Topic: Impact of dredging on estuarine benthic fauna /-
ORAL SESSION
Nematode Maturity Index as a Proxy: A Critical Interpretation of

Temperate Ecological Quality Status (Ecoqs) for Tropical
Ecosystems 12.10-
PES-O-01 95
Kapuli Gani Mohamed Thameemul Ansari, Lyla, P.S. 12.20pm
andAjmal Khan, S.
Benthic Indices and Ecological Quality of Three Tropical Fine

Sand Community, South Andaman, India
12.20-
PES-O-02 Jawed Equbal, Raj KiranLakra, Savurirajan, M., Kunal Satyam 96
12.30pm
and Ganesh Thiruchitrambalam
First Report on an Unusual Bloom of Benthic Dinoflagellate

Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Stein from Bangaram Lagoon of
Lakshadweep Archipelago: Arabian Sea 12.30-
PES-O-03 97
LathikaCicily Thomas, Bijoy Nandan, S. and 12.40pm
Padmakumar, K. B.
Coral Boring Sponge Clionathomasi: A New Threat to Indian

Coral Reef 12.40-
PES-O-04 98
Mote, S.G and Ingole, B.S. 12.50pm
Ecological Effect of Multiple Stressors on a Tropical Coral Reef 12.50-

PES-O-05 99
Kalyan De, Sambhaji Mote, Ravail Singh and BabanIngole 1.00pm
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Causes Immune Gene Modulation in
3.00-
PES-O-06 Penaeusmonodon Post Larvae 100
3.10pm
Vrinda, S. and AnasAbdulaziz
Salinity Influences the Biochemical and Physiological Response of
Trachinotusblochii to Selenium 3.10-
PES-O-07 101
Gopi Narayanan, SivakumarShanthini and 3.20pm
VaseeharanBaskaralingam
Impact of Cage Fish Farming (Sea bass, Latescalcarifer) on Water

quality and Macrobenthic Fauna in a Culture Site at Chettuva
3.20-
PES-O-08 Sunithakumari, K., Smina, M. S., Priya, N. P., Ajithkumar, 102
3.30pm
P.B. and Shoji Joseph
Indications of Enhanced Pollution in a Tropical Coastal Wetland,

India 3.40-
PES-O-09 103
Regina Hershey, N and Bijoy Nandan, S. 3.50pm
Electro-Bioremediation for Hydrophobic Organic Water

3.50-
PES-O-10 Contaminant 104
4.00pm
Anu Theresia, M.
POSTER SESSION
Contrasting Microbiome Structure of Polychaete Prionospiosp from

Estuary and the Arabian Sea
PES-P-01 11am 105
Jasmin, C., BaluTharakan, Nikitha Linda, Vrinda, S.,
Abdul Jaleel, K.U. and AbdulazizAnas
Humoral Responses of Zinc Induced Toxicity on Orange

Chromidae (Etroplus maculatus, Bloch, 1795)
PES-P-02 11am 106
Archana Devi, T. and Bijoy Nandan, S.
Heavy Metal Pollution and Soft Bottom Macrobenthic

Assemblages in the Cochin Estuary
PES-P-03 11am 107
Abdul Jaleel K.U., ShiniShaji and Gireeshkumar, T.R.
Soil Fertility and Abundance of Polychaetes: A Comparative

Analysis of Three Differently Polluted Regions in the Mangrove
PES-P-04 Ecosystem of Kerala 11am 108
Jithin, K., Geeji, M.T., Dinesh, K. and Rinu Madhu Puthusseri

Lysosomal Membrane Stability Test (LMST), an Effective
Biomarker to Study Lead Toxicity on Black Clam, Villorita
PES-P-05 cyprinoides 11am 109
Neethu, K.V, Don Xavier, N.D. and Bijoy Nandan, S.
Immediate Impacts of the Once- in-Hundred Year Flood

Event on Macrofaunal Communities in the Vembanad Lake
PES-P-06 Nikitha S. Linda, Abdul Jaleel, K.U., Jithin, V. and 11am 110
AnasAbdulaziz
Understanding Benthic Bioturbation as an Important Ecosystem

Service along Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, Western India
PES-P-07 11am 111
Pandya, P. J. and Goswai, M. S.
Response of Meiofaunal Community to Multiple Stressors in

Estuaries and Creeks from West Coast of India
PES-P-08 Santosh Gaikwad, Sabyasachi Sautya, Angad Gaud, 11am 112
Meena Chauhan and Anirudh Ram
Need an Attention towards the Declining of Natural Predators of
PES-P-09 Crown-of-Thorns in Lakshadweep Waters 11am 113
Sibi T. Baby and Prabhakaran, M. P.
A Study on Meiofaunal Distribution in Relation to Environmental

PES-P-10 Parameters and Heavy Metal Pollution in the Cochin Estuary 11am 114
Abdul Jaleel, K.U. Anitha Mary, D and Gireeshkumar, T.R.
Bioinvasion of Marine Benthic organisms in Indian Water

PES-P-11 Chittaranjan Raul and SachinPandit 11am 115
DAY 3: 08-03-2019 / C.V. KURIAN HALL-1

SPECIAL SESSION –INDIAN OCEAN STUDIES
9.30-10.15am: Lead lecture:
Dr. Peter Ng Kee Lin,
Head, Systematics and Ecology Laboratory University of Singapore (NUS)
Topic: Crab Diversity in Indian Seas: Past, Present and Future / 116
Lead lecture: 10.30-10.55 am:

Prof. Graham P. Oliver, Honorary Research Fellow, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, UK
Topic: Indian Ocean Malacology (with special reference to Bivalves of the Indian subcontinent) / 117

Dr. Baban Ingole, Former Chief Scientist, CSIR-NIO, Goa
Topic: Benthic Community structure of the mineral rich Central Indian basin, Indian Ocean / 118

Dr. A.V. Raman, Former Professor, Andhra University
Topic: Benthic epifaunal communities featuring the OMZ off the North East Indian shelf / 119
2.30-2.55pm: Lead lecture:

Dr. Abdul Jaleel K.U.
Scientist, CSIR-NIO, Goa
Topic: Impact of OMZ on standing stock and composition of macrofauna along the Eastern Arabian Sea
margin / 121
ORAL SESSION
Diversity of Free-living Marine Nematodes of West Coast of India 12.10-

IOS-O-01 122
Sivaleela, G and G. Chinnadurai 12.20pm
Selective crab species distribution in intertidal regions of Andaman

Islands, India
12.20-
IOS-O-02 Mohan, P.M., NidaQuraishi, Muruganantham, M and Sabith, 123
12.30pm
D.B.B.
Deep-sea echinoderm diversity in the astern Arabian Sea margin

12.30- 124
IOS-O-03 Parameswaran, U.V., Abdul Jaleel, K.U., Jacob, V., Gopal, A.,
12.40pm
Sanjeevan, V.N., Saravanane, N. and Sudhakar, M.
Functional diversity of polychaetes in the insular margin of
Andaman and Nicobar, northern Indian Ocean
12.40-
IOS-O-04 Gopal A., Abdul Jaleel K.U., Parameswaran U.V., Saramma 125
12.50pm
A.V., Sanjeevan V.N., Saravanane N. and Sudhakar M.
Latitudinal variation of ascidian diversity in Andaman and

12.50-
IOS-O-05 Nicobar Islands, India . 126
1.00pm
Jhimli Mondal and C. Raghunathan
Molluscan diversity along the seaweed farms of PalkBay, India

1.00-
IOS-O-06 Deepak Samuel V., Abhilash K. R., Sankar R., Purvaja R. and 127
1.10pm
Ramesh R
ORAL FLASH SESSION
Cheilostomatous Bryozoa From West Coast Of India

3.00-
IOS-OF-01 Maria Susan Sanjay, C. Venkatraman, Soja Louis and S. 128
3.05pm
Shrinivaasu
Ostracod distribution with respect to clay mineralogy from

continental shelf to slope, off Visakhapatnam, Bay Of Bengal, India 3.05-
IOS-OF-02 129
Mohammed NoohuNazeer, Hussain, S.M., Varghese, T.I , 3.10pm
SandeepVamsi, K and Mohammed Nishath, N.
Seagrass habitats support higher species and functional diversity

than the bare sediments habits in the intertidal region of South
3.10-
IOS-OF-03 Andaman region, India 130
3.15pm
Raj KiranLakra, Jawed Equbal, NosadSahu, Muthulingam
Savurirajan, Kunal Satyam and Thiruchitrabalam Ganesh
Crab out of its shell: multiple records of the sesarmid crab,

Pseudosesarm aglabrumng, Rani & Bijoy Nandan, 2017 (decapoda:
3.15-
IOS-OF-04 brachyura: sesarmidae), confirm species’ wide distribution along 131
3.20pm
the west coast of India
Pati S.K , P.S. Sujila and A.R. Sudha Devi
Environmental influence on the benthic macrofauna in the inner

shelf of central South West Coast of India 3.20-
IOS-OF-05 . 132
Jayaraj K. A, K. V. Jayalakshmi, V. Kesava Das K and Sarala 3.25pm
Devi
POSTER SESSION
Biodiversity of macrobenthic molluscs along the continental shelf of
southwest coast, India
IOS-P-01 11am 133
Smitha C.K, Rosamma Philip and Damodaran R
Cardiid molluscs (cardiidae) of central Indian Ocean

IOS-P-02 Arathi. A.R, Ravinesh R, and Biju Kumar. A 11am 134
Indian scenario of marine tardigrade research

Nancy Catherine Stephen and Somasundaram S.
IOS-P-03 11am 135
Thirugnanasambandan
Benthic diatoms of mangrove ecosystems along the southwest coast
of India
IOS-P-04 11am 136
Niya Benny, Jeslin I.J and K.B Padmakumar
Assessing benthic ecological status of Kaduvaiyar estuary,

Southeast coast of India –Biotic indices approach
IOS-P-05 Selvaraj P, P. Murugesan, R. Punniyamoorthy P. Parthasarathy, 11am 137
V. Bharathidhasan and N. Rajesh
Tube characterization of species Phragmatopomaran ganica in

intertidal regions of middle Andaman regions
IOS-P-06 11am 138
Mohan P.M, Akanksha Pattnaik,
M. Muruganantham and C.Jeeva
Deep sea faunal distribution in the offshore environment of
Nicobar Islands, India
IOS-P-07 11am 139
Mohan P.M, Marathe Prachi Hemant, VibhaV. Ubare, and
D.B.B.Sabith
Benthic macro polychaetes distribution along the inshore waters of

IOS-P-08 Karwar Coast, West Coast of India 11am 140
Pradnya D. Bandekar , Shivakumar B. Haragi and Shrikant G.B
Unilocular calcareous benthic foraminifera from the deep sea

IOS-P-09 sediments of Bay Of Bengal 11am 141
Ranju R and R. Damodaran
Stomatopods diversity along north west coast of India and its

possible strategies for utilization
IOS-P-10 11am 142
Abuthagir Iburahim S, Kesavan, Aradhana, S. Ramkumar, K.A.
Martin Xavier and Nayak, B.B.
Seasonal variation in diversity of intertidal molluscs from Uttara
IOS-P-11 Kannada coast, South west coast of India 11am 143
Sandhya Leeda D’Souza and K. Bhasker Shenoy
Composition, distribution and abundance of polychaete (Annelida)

assemblages: as good descriptors of environmental status along
IOS-P-12 .11am 144
Arthunkal coast, in Kerala, south west coasts of India.
Sinu J.V. and M.T.P Miranda
Shallow-water macrobenthos of coastal
Andhra Pradesh, Bay of Bengal
IOS-P-13 Sonali Sanghamitra Rout, Bhagyashree Dash, 11am 145
Dipti Raut and Akkur Raman
Distribution and abundance of Christmas tree worms from coral

IOS-P-14 reef environment of South Andaman coast 11am 146
Vidyalakshmi D. and Jayant Kumar Mishra
DAY 3: 08-03-2019 / N.R. MENON HALL-2

SESSION 5: BENTHIC MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Dr. Anas Abdul Aziz, Senior Scientist, NIO, Kochi
Topic: Host-microbe interactions in Benthic ecosystems /147
Dr. Punyasloke Bhadury, Professor, IISER Kolkata
Topic: Exploring the molecular diversity of free-living marine nematodes: success and challenge / 148
ORAL SESSION
Diversity and associated hydrolytic enzyme production of

sediment borne bacteria along the northern coast of Kerala, India.
12.10-
BMB-O-01 Anit M. Thomas, Abhijith, M., Sanilkumar, M.G, 149
12.20pm
Vijayalakshmy, K.C., Mohamed Hatha, A.A and
Saramma, A.V.
Molecular phylogeny of Ocypode Ceratophthalmapallas, 1772

inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I 12.20-
BMB-O-02 150
Deepak Jose, Harikrishnan Mahadevan, Sameera S., 12.30pm
Anil Kumar K. P and Nidhin B.
Characterization of the Scalinduaanammox community in the

12.30-
BMB-O-03 marine sediments off Kochi, India in the Arabian Sea. 151
12.40pm
Jovitha Lincy V.J.
Diversity of yeasts in the mangrove sediments of Puthuvyppu: A

12.40-
BMB-O-04 Pre-monsoon and Post Kerala Floods study 152
12.50pm
Manjusha K and Nefla N
Occurrence of endoparasitic infestations in demersal fishes: Is

climate change the culprit?
12.50-
BMB-O-05 Livi Wilson, P.U. Zacharia, Archana Chandran, 153
1.00pm
N.K. Sanil and T. M. Najmudeen
Genetic variation in some polychaete species of Vellar estuary

mangroves, Tamil Nadu using 18S rRNA gene sequence 2.00-
BMB-O-06 154
Thangaraj M, Reena Singh, D. Annadurai, 2.10pm
T. Ramesh and R. Kumaran
Coral disease incidence at a tropical atoll
Krishnaveny S, Sobhana K. S, Sreenath K. R, 2.10-
BMB-O-07 155
Joshi K. K.and Alvin A. 2.20pm
POSTER SESSION
Distribution of total heterotrophic bacteria and their extracellular

enzyme production potential along Maharashtra coast
BMB-P-01 11am 156
Bhavya Kachiprath, Varsha M.S, Vincent P. D., Anit M.
Thomas, Vijayalakshmi K.C. and Saramma A.V.
DNA barcoding confirms the occurrence of Alpheus lobidens De

Haan, 1849 in Cochin backwaters
BMB-P-02 11am 157
Anil Kumar K.P, Harikrishnan M., Deepak Jose,
Nidhin B. and Rithin Raj M.
Integrated taxonomy reveals the exceptional phenotypic plasticity
in Conus (Pinoconus) catus among the Andaman and Lakshadweep
BMB-P-03 archipelagos 11am 158
Shijin Ameri, Laxmilatha Pappurajam , K .A Labeeb ,
L. Ranjith and A Kathirvel Pandian
Revisiting the phylogeny of sponges from the coral reef ecosystems

of Gulf of Mannar, India
BMB-P-04 11am 159
Jasmin C., Vrinda S., BaluTharakan,
Anas Abdulaziz and Thomas P.A.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a DNA
virus belonging to Family Megaviridae from the sediments of
Cochin estuary
BMB-P-05 11am 160
Aishwarya P.V., Anjali S. Mohan, Hazeena M. Ameen,
Rajasree M.R, Rosamma Philip and Swapna P. Antony
Effect of leaf litter on protozoan communities – a microcosm

BMB-P-06 approach using Foldscope 11am 161
Gislin Davis and Baby Divya
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a DNA
virus belonging to Family Phycodnaviridae from the sediments of
Arabian Sea
BMB-P-07 11am 162
Rajasree M. R, Anjali S. Mohan, Aishwarya P .V, Hazeena M.
Ameen, Rosamma Philip and Swapna P. Antony
Phosphatase activity of heterotrophic bacteria from

sediments of Kongsfjorden
BMB-P-08 11am 163
Satheesh Kumar, Thasneem T.R and
A.A. Mohamed Hatha
Distribution and diversity of ciliate epibionts on the

BMB-P-09 prop root of Rhizophoraapiculata 11am 164
Chithra P. and R. Sunil Kumar
Study of gut microflora of three species of portunid crabs from
Gujarat
BMB-P-10 11am 165
Solanki V.C., Suthar, T and Bhatt S. A.
Role of azotobacter species in conservation of mangrove ecosystem

BMB-P-11 11am 166
Fauziya K.M
DAY 3: 08-03-2019 / C.C. JOHN HALL-3
SPECIAL SESSION-POLAR BENTHIC STUDIES

Dr. Varma R.V.,
Chairman, Expert Committee on ABS, NBA
Topic: Biological diversity act 2002 and access and benefit sharing: current Indian scenario / 167

Prof. A.A. Mohamed Hatha, Professor
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin
University of Science and Technology
Topic: Rapidly warming Arctic - implications for benthic life in Arctic fjords / 168
ORAL SESSION
Benthic faunal Assemblage in the Arctic Krossfjorden Ecosystem -

Svalbard, Summer phase, 2017
12.10-
PBS-O-01 Jima M, Anulakshmi P, Rojin Joseph , Aswathy N. K, 169
12.20pm
Krishnapriya P.P., Jayachandran P.R., S. Bijoy Nandan and
K.P. Krishnan
Phage diversity along the transition zone of Kongsfjorden, Arctic: -

a metagenomic study
12.20-
PBS-O-02 Anjali S Mohan, Bhavya Kachiprath, Jayesh Puthumana, Swapna 170
12.30pm
P. Antony, Solly Solomon, Jayanath Gopi and Rosamma Philip
Meiobenthic nematodes as a key contributor of carbon

sequestration in Arctic benthic system, Svalbard
Krishnapriya P.P, Jima M, Aswathy N.K, Reshma Mary 12.30-
PBS-O-03 171
Zachariah, Akhilesh Vijay, Jayachandran P.R., S. Bijoy 12.40pm
Nandan, Harikrishnan M and K.P. Krishnan
Community structure of macrobenthos in relation to environmental

variables in the Arctic Kongsfjord
12.40-
PBS-O-04 Aswathy N.K, Krishnapriya P.P, Jima M, Reshma Mary 172
12.50pm
Zachariah, Akhilesh Vijay, Jayachandran P.R, S. Bijoy Nandan,
Harikrishnan M. and K.P. Krishnan
POSTER SESSION
Distribution of benthic Foraminifera in relation to ecological

factors in the Arctic Kongsfjorden ecosystem
PBS-P-01 11am 173
Jima M., Minu M., Krishnapriya P.P., Aswathy N.K.,
Jayachandran P.R., S. Bijoy Nandan and K.P. Krishnan
Feeding guild analysis and functional attributes of free living
meiobenthic nematodes in Arctic Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen
Krishnapriya P.P., Jima M., Aswathy N.K., Reshma Mary
PBS-P-02 11am 174
Zachariah, Akhilesh Vijay, Jayachandran P.R., S. Bijoy
Nandan, Harikrishnan M and K.P. Krishnan
Archaeal assemblages and their metagenomic analysis from

Kongsfjorden, Arctic
PBS-P-03 11am 175
Solly Solomon, BhavyaKachiprath, Jayesh Puthumana, Swapna
P. Antony, G. Jayanath and Rosamma Philip
VALEDICTORY PROGRAMME
VENUE: Seminar Complex, CUSAT, Kalamassery, Kochi 22
DATE: 8th March, 2019 (Friday)
TIME: 4 PM TO 4:30 PM
Welcome : Prof. (Dr.) S. Bijoy nandan

Convenor, ICB 2019
Professor and Head, DMMB

Presided by: Prof. (Dr.) A. V. Raman
Former Professor, Andhra University
Guest of Honour: Prof. (Dr.) A. Ramachandran

Vice Chancellor
Kerala University of Fisheries
and Ocean studies (KUFOS)
Recommendations
of the conference :
Felicitations : Prof. (Dr.) R. Damodaran

Former Dean
Faculty of Marine Sciences, Cusat
Prof. (Dr.) S. Ajmal Khan

Former Professor
C.A.S. in Marine Biology
Annamalai University
Prof. (Dr.) Baban Ingole

Former Head
Biological Oceanography Division
CSIR-NIO, Goa
Best paper and poster
award presetation:
Vote of Thanks: Dr. Priyaja P.

Organising Secretary, ICB 2019
National Anthem
Abstract Proceedings- International Conference on Benthos (ICB 2019), Kochi, 6-8 March 2019
Keynote address
TAXONOMIC SUFFICIENCY IN BENTHIC ECOLOGY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE

TO THE BIVALVIA OF THE INDIAN OCEAN
Graham Oliver, P.
National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, CF103NP, Wales, UK
E-mail: graham.oliver@museumwales.ac.uk
The effect of inappropriate taxonomic sufficiency on benthic studies is presented and in

general shows that poor species discrimination adversely affects the results of benthic invertebrate
studies. Community ecology, environmental impact assessments, autecological studies,
biogeography and zonation of benthos, aquaculture, alien and invasive and taxonomic distinctness
are discussed. The underlying difficulties in producing taxonomic research and tools are outlined
and proposals to address the shortcomings are made.
Keywords: Taxonomic Sufficiency, Benthos, Invertebrates, Mollusca, Indian Ocean
1
Keynote address
ADVANCES IN THE MACROBENTHIC RESEARCH OF INDIAN WATERS:

PROMISES AND CHALLENGES
Ajmal Khan, S. 1 and Bijoy Nandan,S. 2

1
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University,
Parangipettai- 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry,
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682 016, Kerala, India
E-mail:seyedajmal@gmail.com
Benthos in particular macrobenthos provides key linkages between primary producers and
higher trophic levels in the marine food chains. Some are economically important in their own right.
Macrobenthic organisms are helpful in converting the input of detrital matter into output of benthic
food for fishes (e.g. flat fish) and crustaceans. The ecosystem services rendered by them include
acceleration of detrital decomposition and they are estimated to process dead organic matter (20-
73%) in the shallow-water habitats. Secondly they release bound nutrients into solution by their
feeding activities, excretion, and burrowing habit. Bacteria, fungi, algae, and aquatic angiosperms
can quickly take up these dissolved nutrients, accelerating microbial and plant growth. They also
represent the largest standing stock of organic carbon in nearby marine environs. The macrobenthic
research truly followed the five periods in the history of taxonomy except the second one namely
study of local fauna, study of populations, synthesis of modern approaches involving ecological,
geographical, cytogenetical and population genetics and modern approaches involving genetic
markers etc. Notwithstanding the inherent interest of the scientists, the logistic support made
available to them enabled rapid strides in macrobenthic research. Initially the estuaries and beaches
were covered. When small boats were made available, the investigators extended their area of
coverage to the inshore waters. Many also hired fishing boats for sampling in the inshore waters.
When large research vessels were inducted by leading laboratories (NIO, NCPOR and CMLRE),
scientists from not only the above laboratories but also from various universities had a field day and
macrobenthic research flourished. Thanks to the above initiatives of the governments and
laboratories, now information about marcobenthic diversity is available from estuaries, backwaters,
mangroves, lagoons, seagrass beds, islands, coral reefs, inshore waters, continual shelf and slope
areas to the abyssal depths (EEZ-exclusive economic zone) covering also the oxygen minimum zone
(OMZ). The role of climate change on deep sea benthos has also been covered. This paper traces the
trend in the distribution of macrobenthos and the role of characteristics of habitats and
environmental variables besides concentrating on the statistical tools being employed for this
purpose and their limitations. As the majority of macrobenthic organisms are essentially sedentary
in nature, the changes in their community structure and diversity are advantageously employed in
assessing the environmental health of the waters. The approach recommended by the European
Water Framework Directives to use biological indicators in the place of chemical ones, has also
added a silver lining to the macrobenthic investigations. The situation today is no effective
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) can be done without macrobenthos. Initiatives have also
2
taken towards molecular identification of macrobenthos. It is not without grey areas too. This paper
lists the promises and challenges of macrobenthic research.
Keywords: Macrobenthos, EIA, OMZ, Indian EEZ
3
Lead lecture
SHALLOW WATER MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES OF

THE PENINSULAR EAST INDIAN COAST
Akkur Raman
Marine Biological Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Andhra University

Waltair, Visakhapatnam
E-mail:akkur.v.raman@gmail.com
Andhra University had during the last six decades carried out some pioneering investigations (e.g.
cruises of INS Rohilkhand, 1952-‟54) on the taxonomy and ecology of marine organisms inhabiting
the coastal waters off east Peninsular India of which benthos constituted an important and integral
part of the work. Over the years, the investigations revealed existence of rich and varied life on the
sea bottom in this region wherein
several new species were
discovered and their biology
studied. Work on benthos
progressed and continued until the
completion of the first IIOE in
1965 and then up to the end of
1980 heralding the perception
towards using benthic polychaetes
(Capitella capitata) as biological
indicators of organic pollution.
Between 1987-„89, a more
comprehensive investiga-tion on
the macrobenthos from the littoral
areas off Visakhapatnam was held
which research yielded altogether
54 species of benthic organisms (in
dredge hauls) represented by
diverse taxa. Subsequently within
the framework of long-term
multidiscipli-nary programs on
benthic productivity of the Indian
EEZ, 4 dedicated cruises during
1999-2006 were conducted onboard Fig.1: Studies on macrobenthic communities of the peninsular East
FORV Sagar Sampada in Bay of Indian coast. Figure shows years of study, areas covered, total
Bengal. Altogether 48 stations stations and depth range together with a colour code
(depth 30-1000m) that represented five transects between Divi Point (160N) and Paradip (200N) on
the east coast were chosen. While a Smith-McIntyre grab (0.1 m2) was used for collecting the
4
infauna (62 samples), a naturalist dredge

(40x40 cm) was employed for epibenthos. A
6 6 12 Cnidaria
detailed description of macrobenthos densities,
43 Stomatopoda
composition, and diversity, and their relation 46
to environmental parameters is presented for Brachyura
97
the first time in relation to Oxygen Minimum 152 Gastropoda
Zone. Bivalvia
Echinodermata
As a part of the marine Environmental
others
Impact Assessment studies, several investi-
gations were held during the last 15 years or so
that included areas beyond coastal Andhra
Fig.2: Shallow water macrobenthic species off coastal
Pradesh up to Subarnareka in the north and Andhra Pradesh and the adjoining regions (5-50m) during
Cuddalore on the south Tamil Nadu covering the years 1987-2017
as many as 450 stations (Fig.1) represented by 24 segments within depths
5-50m. These studies yielded invaluable data and as many as 362 species of macrobenthos
represented by cnidarians, polychaetes, stomatopods, brachyurans, gastropods, bivalves,
scaphopods, echinoderms, echiuroids, sipunculidds, brachiopods etc. (Fig.2).
Multivariate procedures (PRIMER) with SIMPROF analysis on benthos abundance data
revealed distinct epibenthic communities (ANOSIM Global R=0.776; P=0.1%) within depths <50m
as characterized by the nature of ambient salinity and/or their exposure to low /moderate / high
salinity conditions over the years. This large-scale study purports to show the distribution of
macrobenthos Comm-
unities vis-à-vis other
abiotic factors especial-
lly the sediment texture
and its organic content
together with effects of
land based discharges
on the fauna inhabiting
the coast.
Acknowledgments:
Several people have helped
me in the collection of this
invaluable data during the
Fig.3: Bray-Curtis similarity based on numerical abundance data (ave.nos per haul) of last 35 years. I am grateful to
macrobenthic fauna for the east peninsular coast of India (depth 5-50m) showing each one of them especially
discrete assemblages related to ambient salinity (HS, high salinity regions with
salinity >30 for more than 9months in a year; MS, moderate salinity >30 between 6-
my former PhD students.
9 months only; LS, low salinity <30 for six months Sonali Sangha-mitra Rout
and Bhagyashree Dash the
two young PhD students assisted me immensely in recent times. Drs NV Subba Rao, KV Surya Rao, DRK Sastry and
Malay Devroy of the ZSI, Kolkata worked with me. Funding through several research projects from the Ministry of Earth
Sciences is never forgotten. I have also had the privilege to carry out sponsored research collecting data. This work was
conducted at the Marine Biology Laboratory at Andhra University in dedication to my mentor Prof. PN Ganapati.
5
Lead lecture
MARINE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA –

SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BENTHIC FAUNA OF INDIAN EEZ
Raghunathan, C. and Kailash Chandra
Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053
E-mail: raghuksc@rediffmail.com
The coastal and marine ecosystems of the world represent around 70.8% area cover of the
earth with the water spread of around 362 million sq. km. A total of 123 countries of the world share
the most diversified coastal and marine habitat with the total contribution of 1.6 million km. of long
coastline (Chandra et al., 2016). Indian Ocean shares 29% areas of the global oceanic cover with the
surface area of 68556 sq. km. Indian peninsular coast and island ecosystem encompasses Bay of
Bengal, Arabian Sea and Andaman Sea of Indian Oceans with the total coastline of 7516.6 km.
which are characterized by estuaries, saline wetland, mangrove, creeks, tidal flats gulf waters, and
deltaic plains. The cover of India Exclusive Economic Zone is 2.02 million sq. km. which comprises
of 0.86 million sq. km. on west coast, 0.56 million sq. km. on east coast and 0.6 million sq. km.
around the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The extend of the area of continental shelf region 372424
sq. km. which harbours coral reef ecosystem, seagrass ecosystem, seaweed ecosystem etc. while the
cover of territorial water is 193834 sq. km. (Chandra et al., 2016). The study on the coastal and
marine biodiversity of India was initiated long back as the part of exploratory works on expeditions
and the studies have been carried out mostly up to the depth of 200 m apart from some scanty work
beyond this depth. The focus on the faunal exploration especially the benthic communities are well
made in Indian context since the long past. Benthic invertebrates are most essential communities in
coastal and marine ecosystem as they provide considerable role for the production of fish. They take
major role for the energy flow, food chain and nutrient recycling along with maintenance of global
biogeochemical cycle. The benthic communities are found from intertidal region to the greater depth
of the oceanic floor with extraordinary diversity as hidden organism in mostly sediment throughout
their cycle either as infauna and epifauna. This present paper deals with the some major groups of
benthic faunal communities from Indian context along with their distributional pattern.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Coastal Wetlands, India
6
BED-O-01
BIVALVE (MOLLUSCA; BIVALVIA) DIVERSITY OF LAKSHADWEEP, INDIA
Ravinesh, R., Arathi, A.R., and Biju Kumar, A.
Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries,

University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram-695581, Kerala, India.
E-mail: ravineshr08@gmail.com
The Union Territory of Lakshadweep (Laccadives) comprises of a group of 27 islands 3 reefs

and 6 submerged sandbanks in the Arabian Sea between 8° - 13° Latitude and 71° - 74° Longitude,
at a distance of about 200 km to 400 km from the city of Cochin in Kerala. Lakshadweep is the only
coral atoll in India. More than 650 species of bivalves have been recorded from the Indian coast, of
which 173 genera, 69 families, 11 orders, 4 subclasses and 88 species are endemic to India; diversity
of bivalve molluscs is more in Andaman Nicobar Islands (328 species), followed by Gulf of Mannar
(266 species) and Lakshadweep (153 species). We have conducted surveys in all the inhabited
islands of Lakshadweep (Agatti, Amini, Andrott, Bitra, Chetlat, Kadmat, Kalpeni, Kavaratti, Kiltan
and Minicoy) during June 2013- December 2016 and recorded 104 species belonging to 11 orders, 17
super family, 29 family and 68 genera. The collection included 48 new records from Lakshadweep
including 23 new records from Indian coastal waters. The species-rich bivalve families were
Veneridae (10 species), Tellinidae (9 species), Arcidae (8 species), Lucinidae (8 species) and
Cardiidae (8 species). Bivalve families such as Solemyidae, Isognomonidae, Ostreidae, Anomiidae,
Placunidae, Carditidae, Trapezidae, Mactridae, Mesodesmatidae, Psammobiidae, Semelidae,
Cyrenidae, and Gastrochaenidae were represented by only one species each. Bivalve diversity was
maximum in Minicoy and Kavaratti islands and minimum in Androth and Kilton islands. The
IUCN Red-listed clams (LR/cd - Lower Risk: Conservation Dependent) Tridacna maxima and
Tridacna squamosa are abundant in all the islands. T. maxima and T. squamosa are included in
Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act and Placuna placenta in Schedule IV. The major
threats to the bivalves diversity identified during the study include climate change-driven coral
bleaching, habitat destruction, coral mining, pollution and unsustainable coastal zone development.
Keywords: New Record, Lakshadweep Archipelago, Atolls, Coral Reef, Red List
7
BED-O-02
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION AND VARIABILITY OF MEIOBENTHIC ASSEMBLAGES
FROM SUNDARBAN ESTUARINE SYSTEM, INDIA
Ghosh, M. and Mandal, S.
Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College
Street, Kolkata - 700 073, India
E-mail: sumit.dbs@presiuniv.ac.in, gmoumita02@yahoo.com
We investigated meiofaunal community from the sediments of five mangrove species,

namely, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia alba, Rhizophora mangle and
Sonneratiacaseolaris at Bali Island in the worlds‟ largest mangrove ecosystem of Sundarbans, India.
Total meiofaunal densities of five mangrove vegetation types were: 1381 ± 49.54; 1210 ± 48.11;
1735 ± 51.53; 1348 ± 70.58 and 3100 ± 61.54 ind. 10 cm-2 for Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera
gymnorrhiza, Avicennia alba, Rhizophora mangle and Sonneratiacaseolaris respectively. Among different
mangrove species, Sonneratiacaseolaris had the highest density of meiofauna with the lowest in
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. A total of nine taxa were recorded from the sediment of different mangrove
habitats. In terms of percentage composition, free-living nematodes dominated among meiofauna
(ranged from 61% - 76%). The vertical profile of meiofaunal composition suggested upper 3-4 cm
contained 90% of total meiofauna, although they were present up to 15 cm depth. Other taxa such as
harpacticoid copepods, kinorhynch, ostracods, foraminifera, polychaete, halacarid mite, copepod
nauplii and bivalve juvenile were also recorded. In this study, environmental variables partly
explained meiofaunal community structure. Availability of food sources such as phaeopigments,
Chl. a, organic carbon and sediment texture controlled meiofaunal distribution. The nematode fauna
consisted of 52 species belonging to 36 genera and 20 families. The trophic structure revealed a
community dominated by non-selective deposit feeders (1B). In this study, marine nematode genera
were used to test both Maturity Index (MI) and life strategy traits (i.e. c-p classes) for assessing
ecological quality in relation to environmental disturbances. Higher MI among different mangrove
vegetation indicated a stable environment. In the current context of natural and man-made
environmental perturbations, investigation of ecological interactions between mangroves and
meiofauna would be prerequisite in future.
Keywords: Bioindicators; Marine Nematodes; Mangrove; Maturity Index; Meiofauna; Sundarbans
8
BED-O-03
BENTHIC ECOLOGY AND FAUNAL DIVERSITY OF CHILIKA LAGOON AFTER

HYDROLOGICAL INTERVENTION
Mahapatro Debasish1, Panigrahy, R.C. 1, Panda Sudarsan2 and Mishra, R.K3.
1
P.G. Department of Marine Science, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760007,Odisha, India
2
Additional PCCF, Angul, Odisha, India
3
National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, CSIR, MoES, Goa- 403804, India
E-mail: debasish.marine@gmail.com
Macro and mega benthic faunal diversity study together with water quality parameter was
studied in Chilika lagoon from April 2007 to March 2010. This is the period of post hydrological
intervention made during 23rd September 2000 at outer channel to maintain brackish water
characteristic and to increase the lagoon–Bay of Bengal materials exchange. Principal component
analysis revealed that salinity (0.05 – 35.1, mean 12±9 psu) and water temperature (24 to 32 ºC,
mean 28±4ºC) were the major ecological drivers determining benthic faunal distribution and
diversity. The Abundance Biomass Comparison (ABC) Curve delineated that monsoon season is
stressful as compared to pre-monsoon towards benthic macrofauna. Preponderance of 322 different
species was recorded during the study period from which 290 were identified. This includes 263
species of benthic macrofauna and 27 are grouped under mega-faunal category. Molluscan group
appeared as the most dominant among seven other benthic groups followed by polychaetes in terms
of abundance and species diversity. nmMDS revealed that higher species diversity, abundance and
biomass of macrobenthos being observed in the regions characterized with (i) mixed sediment, (ii)
sea grass meadows (iii) having the variable salinity of 10 to 32 psu. Few pollution indicator species
of polychaeta namely Capitella capitata, Minuspio cirrifera, Heteromastus filliformis were reported
suggesting that the lagoon is under organic stress. However, new occurrence of some of the marine
sponges, crabs, stomatopods, echinoderm, few reef dwelling benthic fishes and some of the sea horse
species can be considered as the conspicuous finding after the hydrological intervention.
Keywords: Benthic Macrofauna, Mollusca, Polychaeta, Pollution Indicator, Water Quality, Chilika
Lagoon
9
BED-O-04
BENTHIC MEIO-FAUNAL COMPOSITION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN

DIFFERENT ZONES OF PICHAVARAM MANGROVES, SOUTH EAST COAST OF INDIA
Punniyamoorthy, R., Mahadevan, G., Partha Sarathy, P.,

Selveraj, P and Murugesan, P.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University,
Parangipettai – 608 502, Tamil Nadu – India
E-mail: pmurugesaan74@gmail.com
The distribution of meio-faunal communities in relation to various zonations in the

Pichavaram mangrove forest, East coast of India, has been investigated. To achieve the prime
objectives, the present study was carried out to study the spatial variations of meiofauna population
density and their assemblage pattern in Avicennia zone, Rhizophora zone and mixed zone and non-
mangrove zone of Pichavaram mangroves. A total of 81 meio-benthic species belonging to four
meio-faunal taxa foraminifera, nematodes, ostracodes and harpacticoids were recorded with
maximum density of meiofauna (434 Nos/10cm²) in Rhizophora zone. Among the four meio-faunal
taxa, foraminifera topped the list with 56 species followed by nematodes (12 species), ostracodes (7
species) and harpacticoids (6 species) were recorded from the four surveyed zones in Pichavaram
mangroves. The common meio-faunal species recorded during the present study were Ammonia
beccarii, A. tepida, Bolivina limbatam, B. tortuosa, Rosalina bertheloti and Triloculina tricarinata in different
zones during various seasons. Comparing different zones regions, the maximum number of meio-
faunal species (67 species) was recorded in Rhizophora zone and minimum (52 species) in mixed
zone. The maximum meio-faunal species diversity was recorded (H‟) 3.852 in Avicennia zone,
similarly the maximum species richness (d) 5.53 was recorded in Rhizophora zone and maximum
species evenness (J') 0.872 was recorded in non-mangrove zone. The results of present study will
help to develop an understanding on the complexities existing between mangroves and meio-faunal
distribution, which will form a reliable tool in bio-monitoring studies.
Keywords: Meio-fauna, Density, Diversity, Pichavaram, Mangrove zones
10
BED-O-05
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE EDIBLE WEDGE CLAM, DONAX CUNEATUS

LINNAEUS, 1758 (BIVALVIA: DONACIDAE) IN CHENNAI COASTAL WATERS
Yambem Tenjing, S.1, Behera, D.P.1, Joyson Joe Jeevamani, J.1, Krishnan, P.1, Deepak
Samuel,V.1, Abhilash, K.R.1, Narasimhaiah, N.2, Purvaja, R1 and Ramesh, R.1
1
National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Chennai- 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri- 574 199, Karnataka,
India
E-mail: yambemtenjing@gmail.com
For the management of mollusc resources, knowledge on various population parameters and
exploitation level is very crucial. Population dynamics of wedge clam, Donax cuneatus is still
unknown along Chennai coast. FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools (commonly known as
FiSAT) was used for calculating population parameters of this species. The specimens of D. cuneatus
were collected from Chennai sandy beach at monthly intervals from August 2016 to July 2017.
Asymptotic length (Lα) was 42.88 mm and growth coefﬁcient (K) was estimated at 1.3 year-1. For
the abundance and distribution, abiotic and biotic parameters at sandy habitats were studied from
three habitats, namely Cooum (river mouth), Light house and Adyar (river mouth) monthly from
August 2016 to July 2017. Population density was high in the intertidal areas at three sites.
Minimum (5 no.m-2) and maximum (301 no.m-2) densities were at Cooum (September) and Adyar
(June) respectively. Whereas the minimum (4.1155 g.m-2) and maximum (1053.5894 g.m-2)
biomasses were in June and March respectively. Beach slope seems to play a significant role in the
abundance and distribution of D. cuneatus.
Keywords: Density, Biomass, Growth Curve, Age, Mortality, Exploitation, Chennai
11
BED-O-06
ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY AND FUNCTIONALITY OF BENTHIC MACROFAUNA

IN VEMBANAD ESTUARY
Asha, C.V., Retina I. Cleetus, Bijoy Nandan, S and Suson, P.S.
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry,

School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology,
Cochin-682016, Kerala, India
E-mail: ashakankol@gmail.com
The study was aimed to understand the ecological integrity and functionality of benthic
macrofauna in Vembanad estuarine system, one of the most important Ramsar site in India.
Hydrologic alterationsresulting from the operation of Thanneermukkom barrage (to regulate salinity
intrusion) since 1976, has been creating distinguishable micro-environments on both sectors of the
estuary. The study was carried out on a monthly basis for two year period (2011-2013) covering six
stations in the oligohaline southern sector and four stations in the mesohaline northern sector.
Sediment organic carbon varied from 0.03 to 9.8 %, represented a threefold increase in its value over
the three decades period. The macrobenthos were represented by 5 major groups, namely,
oligochaetes, polychaetes, amphipods, tanaids and bivalves. The AMBI values for the macrobenthic
species ranged from 1.08 to 4.79 and 0.48 to 3.63 during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 period.
Dominance of opportunistic polychaetes (Ecological Groups, EG-IV) and oligochaetes (EG-V) were
more responsible for the high AMBI value in southern sectors. Low AMBI value of station 10 was
classified as undisturbed sites, where 70.9 % of the macrofaunal species were in EG I category. Six
feeding guilds were identified from the macrofaunal community, in which carnivores and filter
feeders were the most abundant. Dominance of subsurface deposit feeder (SSDF) in station 1 related
with the increasing organic carbon content in the southern region was also observed.
Keywords: Benthic, Macrofauna, Vembanad Estuary, Ecological Integrity, Functionality
12
BED-O-07
ASSESSING THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF DONAX FABA THROUGH BENTHIC-

PELAGIC LINKING APPROACH IN A TROPICAL SANDFLAT, INDIA
Mandal S. 1
1
Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College
Street, Kolkata - 700 073, India.
E-mail: sumit.dbs@presiuniv.ac.in
Most benthic macro invertebrates having bipartite life history, a dispersing planktonic larval
stage that spends some time in pelagic realm, before settlement to become a benthic juvenile.
Therefore, from an ecological perspective, filling the gap between pre- and post settlement events is
essential to gain a comprehensive picture to estimate macrobenthic population. The „benthic-pelagic
linking‟ approach was taken up to understand Donax faba (a bivalve) population dynamics at Siridao
sandflat, Goa, India integrating both benthic and pelagic phases of their life cycle from May 2011-
October 2012. Abundance of D. faba was highest (4219 and 2395 ind m-2) during May 2011 and
October 2012 respectively at high water stations. From the year long cohort dataset, both months
had been identified as recruitment season and maximum number of early settlers on sandflat and
larval density in surface water were coincided. Highest numbers of early settlers were recorded at
high tide stations and subsequently they migrate towards the low tide station for food. Weekly larval
sampling during breeding season showed highest number of larval and early settler‟s density
coincides with spring tide. No adult D. faba (shell length > 20 mm) were recorded in the present
study but still every year larvae and early recruits were recorded at study stations. The possible
reasons for this might be the bioturbation activity of sand bubbler crab Dotilla mycriodes. Hence, it is
attributed that the source of these larvae were different than their sink population at Siridao tidalflat.
The present study increased our understanding of the planktic and early settler‟s population of D.
faba and gave a detail insight of their immigration and emigration strategies in combination with
behavioral and bio-physical interactions.
Keywords: Sandflat, Donax faba, Recruitment, Cohort, Settlement, Larva, Dotilla mycriodes
13
BED-O-08
RESPONSE OF MACROBENTHOS TO TEMPORAL EVENTS: A CASE FOR KAKINADA

BAY ON THE EAST COAST OF INDIA
Bhagyashree Dash1,2, Sonali S. Rout1,2, Dipti Raut 2, Akkur Raman1
1
Marine Biological Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
2
Environmental Science Laboratory, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
E-mail: raut.dipti2@gmail.com
Investigations (2016-17) at 17 GPS fixed sites on the hydrography and macrobenthic epifauna
of Kakinada Bay (82°15‟ and 82°20E; 16°42 and 17°00‟N) in the Godavari delta, one of India‟s
largest estuarine systems, yielded a total of 9504 individuals of macrobenthos (collected by a
naturalist dredge) represented by 79 species and 38 families consisting of 5 major taxa
namely Cnidaria (1.8%), Stomatopoda (0.04%), Brachyura (2.6%), Mollusca (gastropods
and bivalves 94.5%) and Echinodermata (0.2%). Among gastropods, Pirenella cingulata
(formerly Cerethedia cingulata), Notocochlis tigrina and Nassarius stolatus were the most
dominant taxa (79.76 %). Venerid bivalves such as Tegillarca granosa, Paphia undulata and
Anadara inaequivalvis were numerically the highest in comparison to other species.
Multivariate techniques e.g. hierarchical clustering and non -metric Multi-Dimensional
Scaling implemented in PRIMER revealed presence of two groups of benthos
assemblages representing the west-bank, and the east regions. Shannon-Wiener index (H'
3.52) and Margalef (d 8.97) recorded high values in the east region near the sea albeit
with peak macrobenthos abundance (124 individuals per haul) along west -bank due to
absolute dominance P. cingulata (3670 numbers/haul). Salinity was relatively high
towards east (24 to 34psu) which is in contrast to the west locations (10 -34psu) affected
by mangrove outwelling freshwater inflow. Kakinada bay which is in the immediate
vicinity of India‟s second largest mangrove ecosystem (Coringa Sanctuary) presents an
interesting area in terms of cause / effect relationships especially control of sediment
nature (texture and organic content) and ambient salinity on the distribution and
diversity of benthos. The study also presents an account of the changes in the benthic
communities of the Bay region since the previous study in 1994 -‟96 attributable to
industrial and urban effects during the intervening years.
Keywords: Benthos, Epifauna, Kakinada Bay, Mangroves, Species Diversity
14
BED-P-01
ON NEW RECORDS AND NEW SPECIES OF CRUSTACEANS FROM

CORAL REEFS OF GUJARAT STATE, INDIA
Trivedi, J. N.1 and Vachhrajani, K. D.2

1
Animal Systamatics and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Life sciences,
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384265, Gujarat, India.
2
Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The
Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
E-mail: jntrivedi26@yahoo.co.in; kauresh@gmail.com
The coastal areas of state are endowed with diverse marine habitats including unique coral
reef habitat. In Gujarat state, major coral reefs are located in Gulf of Kachchh while few scattered
reefs are also located in Saurashtra coast. Coral reef habitat of Gujarat state is well studied for faunal
diversity but crustacean fauna is least studied. The present study is a part of ongoing study about
taxonomy of coral reef inhabiting crustaceans of Gujarat. The specimens were collected from
different coral reef areas of state using hand picking method from 2011 to 2018. The specimens were
preserved in 70 % alcohol and identified up to species level using various morphological
identification keys. During the process of identification, out of more than 50 species identified, total
3 species (2 amphipod; 1 porcelain crab) were formally described as new to science. Occurrences of 4
species (3 hermit crab; 1 brachyuran crab) were recorded for the first time from Indian coast line.
Distribution range extension of 3 species (3 brachyuran crabs) was recorded for the first time from
west coast of India, while 11 species (8 brachyuran crab; 2 hermit crab; 1 porcelain crab) were
recorded first time from coastal areas from Gujarat state. The present study shows that the coral reef
habitat of Gujarat state has great potential for taxonomical studies on crustaceans.
Keywords: Taxonomy, Marine Crustaceans, Distribution Extension, Gujarat
15
BED-P-02
COLONIZATION AND COEXISTENCE OF MICRO EPIBIONTS ON AN ARTIFICIAL

SUBSTRATUM IN A MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF KERALA,
SOUTH WEST COAST OF INDIA
Annie Koshy and Sunil Kumar, R.
Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Catholicate College (Affiliated to Mahatma
Gandhi University), Pathanamthitta-689645, Kerala, India.
E-mail: anniekoshy301@gmail.com
Colonization and distribution of epibionts in an artificial substratum was evaluated during

an experimental study conducted for 120 days at Ayiramthengu mangrove area of Kerala off coast.
Fortnightly collections were made at two stations on glass substratum fixed in the mangrove water
column. A total of 33 genera were recorded. Epibionts include ciliates, flagellates, rhizopods,
diatoms, rotifers, nematodes and copepods and among those group, ciliates and diatoms were the
major forms in terms of diversity and abundance. Vorticella, Zoothamnium, Thuricola, Vaginicola,
Pyxicola, Cothurnia, Ephelota and Frontonia were the common ciliates while Pinnularia, Pleurosigma,
Navicula, Cocconeis, Nitzschia, Gyrosigma, Encyonopsis, Cyclostephanus, Puncticulata, Lindavia and
Biddulphia were the common diatoms. In general, density of epibionts was varied from 480 no./cm2
to 795 no./cm2. The study revealed the fact that colonization of micro epibionts in the glass
substratum was occurred during the first collection itself and its occurrence and abundance showed
drastic variation when further sampling and analysis proceed. Co-existence and interspecific
interaction of individuals in the form of predation among the colonized epibiont group of the
substratum along with the interaction of other organisms of mangrove water columns with the
colonized community seem to be the causative factor for the irregularity in distribution, as well as
for not maintaining a stable and increasing density, as far as the individual genera is concerned. So
this density dependent factor supports in keeping the trophic status of mangrove area in a large
extent and promoting the secondary productivity of the ecosystem.
Keywords: Epibionts, Colonization, Co-existence, Interaction, Mangrove, Artificial Substratum
16
BED-P-03
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON SUBTERRANEAN FISH COLLECTED FROM KERALA, INDIA
Mrudula Mohan*, Bijoy Nandan, S. and Harikrishnan, M
University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682016, Kerala, India
E-mail: mrudula.m85@gmail.com
The rediscovery of one of the enigmatic subterranean fishes is reported and taxonomically
identified. The taxonomic study was based on examination and comparison of collected specimens
and original descriptions. A suite of morphometric, meristic and qualitative characters of external
anatomy was used to diagnose valid species. One species of blind subterranean fish belonging to
family Clariidae is collected from underground phreatic water channels in artificial wells located at
Ernakulam and Alappuzha districts of Kerala, India. Species of Horaglanis are exclusive to the
subterranean habitats of India. Their occurrence is substantiated by new collection localities other
than the already reported ones.
Keywords: Taxonomy, Subterranean, Fish, Clariidae, Horaglanis
17
BED-P-04
DIVERSITY OF SEA ANEMONES IN THE INTERTIDAL REGIONS OF KERALA,

Anushma, K1 andPrabhakaran, M.P2.

1
Department of Marine Biology School of Ocean Science & Technology
2
Department of Aquatic Environment Management
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi-682506, Kerala, India
E-mail: anushmashari88@gmail.com
Sea anemones inhabit all oceans and are distributed in the intertidal rocks and rarely in
sandy shores. They were attached to rocks on the sea bottom and on coral reefs. Sea anemones form
one of the macro-benthic communities in the intertidal rocky coastal ecosystem. At present, a total
of 55 species were reported from Indian waters, belonging to 33 genera under 17 families. Out of
these, 24 are marine and 13 estuarine. Present study was carried out along the coastal regions of
Thiruvananthapuram, Varkala, Kollam, Ernakulam and Kozhikode. Specimens were collected by
chisel and hammer. During the present survey along the intertidal rocky area, 7genera and 10
species were collected. One species was obtained from Vembanad estuary.Bunodosoma goanense,
Anthopleuraelegantissima, Anthopleura nigrescens, Anthopleura buddiemeieri, Anthopleura handi, Alicia
sansibarensis, Paracondylactis sinensis and Anemoniamanjano, Pelocoetus exul and Aiptasia sp were found
along the rocky, sandy regions and estuarine regions of Kerala coast. Studies on taxonomy of sea
anemones were comparatively less in India. So, the studies on the distribution and diversityof sea
anemones along Kerala coast are important in the documentation of our living resources.
Keywords: Sea Anemone, Diversity, Kerala Coast, Living Resource Documentation
18
BED-P-05
AN OVERVIEW OF BABY CLAM FISHERY IN VEMBANAD BACKWATER
Amritha, K.S. and Jayalakshmi, K.J.
Center for Aquatic Resource Management and Conservation,

Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Cochin- 682506
E-mail:amrithamaharajas@gmail.com
Black clam (Villorita sp.) resources of Vembanad backwater is a traditionally exploited

fishery. Information gathered from published papers and reports utilized for present study. This
single species fishery accounts total clam fishery of the country and which made Kerala to the
leading producer of clam. Nearly 4000 fishers including men and women are involved this fishery
directly or indirectly. Traditional methods such as handpicking, triangle scoop net and kollivala
(varandi) used for harvesting the resources. About 10-15 kg clams are collected (handpicking) per
day and market value (without shell) varied between 100 and 150 rupees /kg according to size.
Catch rate of clam in 2017 is much better than 2016. Minimum legal size (MLS) of clam is fixed as
20mm and weight is 3.4g. In 2016 mean size of Villorita cyprinoides decreased from 28.4mm to
28.1mm to next succeeding year. In recent survey conducted, it is noticed that unauthorized
exploitation is ongoing in major fishery area. Utilization of baby clams reduces whole biomass and it
leads to over exploitation. They are aware about catching clam below MLS are punishable offence
but poor family condition forced them to exploit baby clam. Proper awareness and alternate ways to
earn income during the period of baby calm fishing are required.
Keywords: Black Clam, Backwater, Exploitation
19
BED-P-06
PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY OF VEMBANAD ESTUARY-

A SEARCH FOR ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE MEMBERS
Athira C. U and Krishnakumar K
Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Maharaja‟s College, Ernakulam
E-mail:athiracu1993@gmail.com
Vembanad estuary is designated as the Ramsar site- 1214 considering its ecological
significance and high biodiversity. Phytoplanktons play an important role in primary organic
production in the estuaries and also a source of biologically active components. In order to evaluate
the phytoplankton diversity an investigation of five stations viz., Edakochi- S1, Fortkochi- S2,
Kumbalangi- S3, Aroorkutty- S4 and Mulavukad- S5 representing central zone of Vembanad estuary
was performed. Studies were carried out during the post-monsoon season of 2018- 2019 and
phytoplankton from different classes viz. Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were
identified. Ecological parameters like temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH were also
analyzed. The collected samples from the above location were inoculated into artificial culture
media like Bold basal medium, Walne‟s medium and BG11 for further studies. The future studies
include population characteristics subsequent harvesting and biochemical evaluation.
Keywords: Phytoplankton, Diversity, Vembanad Estuary
20
BED-P-07
HABITAT AND MICROHABITAT DISTRIBUTION OF STREAM INSECT COMMUNITIES

OF CHALAKUDI RIVER, WESTERN GHATS
Banazair O.A and Christopher G.
Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development(ACESSD), Mahatma

Gandhi University, Kottayam -686560
E-mail: benazeeroa@gmail.com
The diversity and distribution of stream insect communities in the habitats and microhabitats
were explored using data collected from 9 sampling stations across the Chalakudi River. The
diversity and abundance of taxa vary across habitats. The microhabitat richness was positively
correlated and altitude negatively correlated with taxa richness in the cascades and riffles. In pools
and cascades, per cent canopy cover and average annual rainfall were both positively correlated with
taxa richness. Structurally complex microhabitats harboured more taxa than the unstable and
detritus poor microhabitats. The importance of habitat and microhabitat distribution in
understanding the spatial distribution of stream insects and developing biomonitoring tools is
discussed.
Keywords: Biomonitoring Tools, Habitat and Microhabitat Distribution, Stream Insects, Western
Ghats
21
BED-P-08
APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) FOR SITE

SUITABILITY MODELING AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT
FOR SHRIMP FARMING
Shaginimol, C. N.1, Manojkumar1, B and Kaliraj, S2.

1
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala
2
National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India,
Thiruvananthapuram - 695011, India
E-mail: shajinipcb@gmail.com
In India, shrimp culture is a traditional activity followed since ages. For a developing
country like India, shrimp farming is a highly potential sector with scope for enormous increasing
foreign exchange and employment generation. Late nineties witnessed serious problems on viral
attacks on the farms due to phenomenal growth of this sector, which depends mainly on one single
species, the tiger shrimp, Peneaus monodon. P. monodon feeds mainly on seaweed, algae, crustaceans,
mollusks and fish parts. So being a benthic feeder they are mostly affected by the changes in the
benthic ecosystem. Location of the site for shrimp farms is crucial decision, where the waste from
the farms can effect benthic environment and which in return can cause diseases in shrimp farms. So
success and failure of farms mainly depend on the environmental condition of the location of the
farms. So in order to ensure the sustainability of shrimp farming, implementation of environmental
safety issues and for proper planning and regulation, a proper database and management system is
essential. GIS is becoming an integral part in the natural resource management activities worldwide,
especially for site suitability modeling and spatial decision support in the field of aquaculture. GIS
technology integrates common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with
unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps. Presently, the available
techniques are ascribable with number of limitations including lack of appreciation of technology,
understanding of principles, methodology and the lack of proper organizational allegiance to ensure
continuity to the decision support tools. Site selection and a proper decision support system is a key
factor in aquaculture, affecting both success and sustainability as well as solving conflicts between
different activities and making rationale use of land resources. The present study is aimed to review
different GIS models used, nationally and internationally, depending on the biophysical and
socioeconomic aspects of study area for site suitability modeling mainly for the shrimp farms. This
concept mainly include the following steps (i) Identification of project requirements, formulating
specifications, developing analytical framework by classification, simple overlay, weighted overlay,
neighborhood analysis, connectivity analysis, hierarchical models etc. (ii) Identification of the data
sources (iii) Organizing and manipulating data (iv) Analysis and evaluating outputs. Final section
mainly focuses on the future of GIS and the challenges that are to be inscribed for the realization of
the full potential of GIS as a tool for site suitability study and decision support in aquaculture.
Keywords: GIS, Shrimp Farming, Suitable Site Selection, Spatial Decision Support System
22
BED-P-09
DESCRIPTION OF MORPHOTYPES IN THE GENUS VILLORITA (BLACK CLAM)
FROM VEMBANAD ESTUARY
Catherine Shamily, BijoyNandan, S., Oliver, P.G. and Santu, K.S.
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of

Science and Technology, Cochin-682016, Kerala, India
E-mail: shamilycatherine@gmail.com
The black clam, Villorita cyprinoides, is the most important clam species landed in India and
the Vembanad Estuary is dominated by this species, unique to west coast of Indian backwaters.
Since they exhibit close proximity in morphology it leads to misidentification among the black clam
species inhabited from the estuarine systems of Kerala. So to resolve its taxonomic ambiguity, the
detailed morphological analysis of Villorita morphotypes along with its molecular analysis is
presented in this paper. The present study reported four different morphotypes of black clam from
the Vembanad estuary including V. cyprinoides, Villorita cornucopia, Villorita(a) and
Villorita(b).Pioneering studies on Villorita morphotypes suggested that all morphotypes are junior
synonym or variant of V. cyprinoides. V. cornucopia (Prashad, 1921) was considered as junior synonym
of V. cyprinoides (Prashad, 1921, SubbaRao, 1989) first reported by Prashad from Kumarakom,
Vembanad Estuary, Kerala. On this scenario, here we attempted to reveal the taxonomy and
systematics of black clam collected from selected estuaries of Kerala. A detailed examination of V.
cornucopia confirms that it is more or less authenticated in morpho-taxonomically. Molecular
characterization done for reassessing the species status of V. cornucopia suggested that V. cornucopia is
not a variant but a separate species.Further taxonomic clarification of other morphotypes needs to
reveal its species status hence more biological, morphological and molecular studies are in progress.
Keywords: Black clam, Villorita cyprinoides, Villorita cornucopia, Vembanad Estuary
23
BED-P-10
MACROFAUNAL ASSEMBLAGES IN THE MUSSEL BEDS OF MALABAR COAST,

Davood Nihal and Prabhakaran, M.P.
Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean

Studies, Panangad, Kochi – 682506, Kerala, India
E-mail: davoodnihal123@gmail.com
Biodiversity and community structure are now recognized to be important determinants of

ecosystem functioning. It is very important that macrofaunal diversity of an ecosystem will influence
and indicate the health status of delicate ecosystems such as coral and rocky reefs. Invertebrates have
a key role in the rocky reef ecosystems, but their diversity and assemblages still unexplored,
particularly on rocky reefs of Kerala coast. The reef environment is very productive and diverse than
any other environment. Reef associated life comprising of algae, sponges, annelids, molluscs, crabs,
prawns, echinoderms, fishes, sea turtles, birds and marine mammals with several other members of
minor phyla. The present study describes macro-faunal assemblages in green mussel (Perna viridis)
beds in some of the representative rocky reef areas at Thikkoti region of Malabar Coast. Visual
Census method and photography were used to assess the diversity. A total of 58 macro-invertebrates
belong to various phyla were identified. Among them, Mollusca crowned first with 18 species,
followed by Arthropoda 13 species, Echinodermata 7, Cnidaria 4 species, Porifera 12, Annelida 2,
and Platyhelminthes least in this context with 2 species. Gastropods were the dominant group in
Phylum Mollusca, Decapods dominated among crustaceans and Haplosclerida was the dominant
group of sponge. Sea cucumbers and Sea anemones were represented in the ecosystem. The thick
beds of green mussels are providing a very good habitat and provide sufficient nutritional support to
these invertebrates directly or indirectly. This supports high degree of diversity and assemblages
macro-invertebrates associated with green mussel beds.
Keywords: Macrofauna, Green Mussel Beds, Malabar Coast, Diversity
24
BED-P-11
AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF MARINE BRACHYURAN CRABS OF GUJARAT
Trivedi, D. J.,1 Trivedi, J. N.2 and Vachhrajani, K. D.1

1
Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science,
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
2
Animal Systamatics and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Life sciences,
Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384265, Gujarat, India.
E-mail:djtrivedi4@gmail.com;kauresh@gmail.com
Gujarat state has longest coastline in the country. The coastal areas of the state can be divided
into three regions, Gulf of Kachchh, Saurashtra coast and Gulf of Khambhat. These regions are
endowed with wide variety of marine habitats supporting enormous varieties of marine
invertebrates. Amongst the marine invertebrate fauna, crustaceans are least studied for their
diversity. The present work on marine brachyuran crab diversity was carried out from 2011 to 2018.
Brachyuran crab species listed in the literature published from Gujarat is checked for taxonomic
validation and compiled in the form of list. Specimens were also collected from different coastal
areas, fish landing centers and local fish market of the state and identified up to species level using
different taxonomical keys. Total 146 species belonging to 84 genera and 28 families are recorded
from Gujarat. Maximum diversity is recorded from Gulf of Kachchh followed by Saurashtra coast
and Gulf of Khambhat. In terms of local endemism, total 52, 31 and 16 species were only recorded
from Gulf of Kachchh, Saurashtra coast and Gulf of Khambhat respectively while 6 species were
commonly found in all the three regions. Occurrence of two species Ilyoplax frater (Kemp, 1919) and
Ilyoplax stevensi (Kemp, 1919) were also recorded for the first time from Indian coast. The results
show that Gulf of Khambhat has least diversity and need to be explored more for brachyuran crab
diversity.
Keywords: Taxonomy, Marine Crustaceans, Distribution Extension, Gujarat
25
BED-P-12
RESPONSE OF MACROBENTHOS TO COASTAL HYPOXIA OFF MUMBAI COAST
Gujare, M. P., Sukumaran, S., Mulik, J. and Srinivas, T.
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
E-mail: soniya@nio.org
The present study evaluated the response of macrobenthos to the seasonal coastal hypoxia in
Mumbai coastal waters by sampling in the depth range of 20 m to 50 m along a transect
perpendicular to the coast during 2017-18. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels indicated that hypoxia
prevailed in the study area from September to November during both the years. Macrobenthic
abundance ranged from 15 ind/m2 to 913 ind/m2 and biomass ranged between 0.1 g/m2 to 97.5
g/m2 (wet wt.). A total of 22 macrobenthic taxa were recorded, dominated by Polychaeta (81.1 %).
25 polychaete families were identified, Spionidae and Cossuridae being the most abundant families.
It was observed that as hypoxia intensified from August to November, Spionidae and Cossuridae
abundances were found to incrementally increase at the shallow and deeper stations respectively, in
the process displacing other families. CCA indicated that Corg and DO were the major environmental
parameters structuring the macrobenthic assemblages. The coastal hypoxia off Mumbai during 2017-
18 resulted in modifications of the macrobenthic community structure in terms of increased
abundance of opportunists. However, the macrobenthic communities were observed to recover with
improved family diversity during the well oxygenated months. Thus, the impact of hypoxia on
macrobenthic community structure was transient.
Keywords: Coastal Hypoxia, Macrobenthos, Spionidae, Organic Carbon, Mumbai
26
BED-P-13
STUDY OF GASTROPOD SHELL UTILIZATION PATTERN OF

CLIBANARIUS SIGNATUS HELLER, 1861
Patel, P. R. and Trivedi, J. N.
Animal Systematics and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences,

Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
E-mail: poojapatel1737@gmail.com; jntrivedi26@yahoo.co.in
Clibanarius signatus Heller, 1861 is a common species of hermit crab found on the rocky shore
habitat of Saurashtra coast of Gujarat state, India. Sampling for the collection of the species was
carried out using hand picking method in June, 2018 and December, 2018 in the rocky shores of
Veraval. The specimens were identified up to species level and categorized in three groups viz. male,
female and ovigerous female. The crab specimens were weighed and their size (shield length) was
measured. The gastropod shells were identified using standard literature and keys and different
morphological characters were measured. Total 2000 individuals of hermit crab were captured (680
males, 611 females and 709 ovigerous females), occupying 29 different species of gastropod shells.
Amongst all the shell species identified, Cerithium caeruleum was highly occupied by the crab species
followed by Lunella coronata, Tenguella granulata, Turbo brunneus and Pollia undosa. Male and female
of C. signatus utilized a wide range of shell species, while ovigerous female used a specific set of
gastropod shell species. C. signatus males were significantly larger in size than the female and
ovigerous females. Significant correlations were observed between various morphological characters
of crabs and shells. Shell dry weight showed strong correlation with all the morphological characters
of hermit crab. Literature shows that C. caeruleum is occurs in high density as compared to other
gastropod species in the sampling area. Above mentioned results revealed that different
morphological characters and availability of gastropod shells have profound impact on shell
preference of C. signatus.
Keywords: Gastropod Diversity, Shell Utilization, Hermit Crabs, Rocky Shore, Gujarat
27
BED-P-14
SPECIES DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE SHRIMPS

(CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA) OF GUJARAT STATE, INDIA
Barkha Purohit and Kauresh D. Vachhrajani
Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Lab., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science,

The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat (India)
E-mail: barkha1093@gmail.com; kauresh@gmail.com
So far, 364 species of shrimps belonging to 128 genera and 29 families are reported from
India; of which 35 species are reported from Gujarat. Along the coast, intertidal area of 44 sites (10
sites: Gulf of Kachchh; 12 sites: Saurashtra coast; 22 sites: Gulf of Khambhat) were surveyed and
shrimps were collected using hand picking/hand held net method and preserved in 70% alcohol.
Commercial specimens were collected from fishing trawlers and local fish market. Details of off
shore location of the catch, depth of sample collected, type of gears used etc. were noted. The
identified specimens, with accession number, were deposited in Zoology Department Museum, The
MS University of Baroda. Total 52 species belonging to 11 families and 27 genera were reported
Maximum species were recorded under family Penaeidae Rafinesque, 1815 (9 genera, 25 species)
followed by Alpheidae (3 genera, 8 species), Palaemonidae (4 genera, 6 species), Hippolytidae (3
genera, 3 species), Solenoceridae (1 genus, 3 species) and Callianassidae (2 genera, 2 species), while
one species each were reported under families Lysmatidae, Thoridae, Pandaloidea, Upogebiidae and
Spongicolidae. Among the Caridea, the superfamily Alpheoidea dominated in number of species
(13), representing 25% of the total species of shrimps and 65% of the total caridean species.
Maximum species diversity of the shrimps was reported from Saurashtra coast (43 species) followed
by Gulf of Kachchh (31 species) and Gulf of Khambaht (21 species). In this study, 4 species were
first time reported from India and 5 from the West coast of India.
Keywords: Shrimp Diversity, Distribution, Gulf of Kachchh, Saurashtra, Gulf of Khambhat,

Gujarat
28
BRP-O-01
CATCH COMPOSITION AND MANAGEMENT OF ESTUARINE LOBSTER AND CRAB

FISHERY OF THANE, MAHARASHTRA
Pradhan, S. K. 1, Abuthagir Iburahim, S. 1, Nakhawa, A. D. 2 and Latha Shenoy1

1
ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-400061, India
2
ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mumbai Research Centre,
Mumbai-400061, India
E-mail: 1pradhansuraj@gmail.com
Lobsters are benthic organism with high consumer demand, so it fetches high values in
domestic as well as export market due to its delicious meat quality. There are 18 species belonging to
10 genera are under Palinuridae family in India. In India crab fishery is small scale and depends
mainly on the capture fishery. There were more than 600 species of crabs reported from the Indian
waters. Estuarine ecosystem is highly productive and it supports early life stages of many species.
But the estuaries nearer to the megacities are affected very badly due to pollution load. Lobster
resource and their harvesting method of Bhayander estuary, an important estuarine ecosystem
located in the Thane district of Maharashtra was collected during the seasonal lobster and crab
fishing season. Among lobsters,Panulirus polyphagus (Mud spiny lobster) and Panulirus ornatus
(Ornate spiny lobster) and among crabs, Portunus pelagicus (Blue crab) and Portunus sanguinolentus
(Three spot swimming crabs)comprised the major catch. These species are targeted by using the
specifically designed bottom set gill net and it supports the livelihood of traditional and artisanal
fishermen as well.
Keywords: Crab, Estuary, Gill Net, Lobster
29
BRP-O-02
FEEDING ECOLOGY, NICHE OVERLAP AND TROPHIC INTERACTIONS OF FOUR

DEMERSAL CATFISHES OF COCHIN ESTUARY
Saswata Maitra and Harikrishnan, M.
School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science & Technology, Fine Arts Avenue,
Cochin-682016
E-mail: saswatamaitra@yahoo.com
Knowledge on food competition and diet sharing among fish species help in delineating their
role in trophic level interactions in ecosystem. The bottom dwelling predatory fishes are thought to
have an important role in trophic structure and function of benthic communities. In the present
study, the feeding ecology, overlap and trophic interactions of four demersal catfishes namely- Arius
maculatus, A. subrostratus, A. arius and Mystus gulio in Cochin estuary were investigated. A total of 278
guts of these four fishes, collected over a period of two years from the estuarine landing centers, were
examined. The index of relative importance revealed that the prey items in the stomachs were
dominated by crustaceans, while clams were more predominant in A. arius. A. subrostratus recorded
the highest diet and niche breadth values (3.93, 0.367respectively) while the lowest could be
recorded in A. arius (2.64, 0.235 respectively). Pianka‟s overlap, calculated through null models
constructed by Ecosim 7.0, revealed highly significant niche overlap between A. maculatus and A.
subrostratus (O- 0.91, p<0.001), along with significant overlap between A. maculatus-M. gulio (O-
0.716, p<0.05) and A. subrostratus- M.gulio (O- 0.64 p<0.05). However, no overlap was recorded
between A. arius and other species. The trophic niche breadth along with prey specific abundance
confirmed that these fishes are highly specific feeders. The present results on trophic level status
indicate that these catfishes are mid-level carnivores and can be considered as moderate benthic
predators.
Keywords: Niche Overlap, Catfish, Trophic-Dynamics, Demersal Fishes, Cochin Estuary
30
BRP-O-03
FOOD AND FEEDING HABIT OF SEA STAR ASTROPECTEN INDICUS DÖDERLEIN, 1888
FROM THE SOUTH EAST COAST OF INDIA
Chamundeeswari, K.1,2, Vijayanand, P1., Deepak Samuel, V. 1, Abhilash, K.R1.,

Sankar, R. 1, Purvaja, R1 and Ramesh1, R.
1
National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Anna University Campus,
Chennai – 600 025
2
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University,
Parangipettai – 608 502
E-mail: cham_mercy@yahoo.co.in
Sea stars (Class: Asteroidea) are free-living benthic Echinoderms occurring abundantly from
shallow intertidal to deep waters of world oceans. As benthic predators, they play an important role
in the aquatic food web by maintaining the community structure. The sand star Astropecten indicus
(Order: Paxillosida, Family: Astropectinidae), inhabits mud, sand and hardy substrates where it
intakes a large number of bottom-dwelling invertebrates, particularly molluscs and crustaceans in
both intertidal and subtidal habitats. A. indicus is a common by-catch discard along the Tamil Nadu
coast. A study was undertaken between January 2012 and December 2012to analyze food and
feeding habits from the continental shelf of Parangipettai coastal waters. Stomach contents of 820 A.
indicus individuals (218 juveniles, 277 males and 325 females) were studied. As a result, 21
molluscan prey were identified, of which 9 bivalves (Anadaragranosa, A. rhombea, Cardium sp.,
Donaxcuneatus, Mactralaevis, Placuna placenta, Scapharcaina equivalvis, Trachycardium asiaticum, Venus
sp.), 12 gastropods (Babylonia spirata, Bullia tranquebarica, Cerithidia sp., Clithon sp., Cymatium
cingulatum, Diala semistriata, Hastulalauta, Nassarius sp., Planaxis niger, Solariella bellula, Trochus sp.,
Umbonium vestiarium). Additionally, fragments of fish scales, spines, algal debris and sand particles
were observed also. Month-wise dietary composition of male, female and juvenile A. indicushave
shown shifts in food composition. Different size groups were pooled together as males and females
viz. 26-35, 36-45, 46-55 and above 56 mm were categorized. All size groups of females prefer
Anadara granosa and Cymatium cingulatum as predominant food while males, 26-35mm size group
prefer Anadara rhombea. Size groups measuring 36-45mm for females prefer Babylonia spirata, 46-55
mm Umbonium vestiarium and above 56 mm prefer Anadara rhombea, Cardium sp., Bullia tranquebarica
and Umbonium vestiarium as predominant. Feeding intensity study reveals that ½ full stomach
condition was predominant throughout the year but, ¾ in April for both sexes. The range of GSI
observed was 49.9-25.8 % for males and 45.9-29.2 % for females. This is the first study of its kind on
A. indicus in India and thus contributes to the little available information on its feeding biology.
From the study, it is evident that the sand star A. indicus appears to be a generalist, non-selective
feeder and its stomach contents reflect the faunal composition of offshore sand and mud bottoms
frequented by it in depths of 40-60 m.
Keywords: Predator, Gonado Somatic Index, Bay of Bengal, Astropecten indicus, Benthos
31
BRP-O-04
VISUALIZING SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM IN THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE IN THE MONITORING OF MARINE BENTHIC COMPOSITION
Reshma, B.1,2, Shankar, D.1, Joshi, K. K.2and Grinson, G.2

1
School of Engineering, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
2
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India - 682 018.
E-mail: reshmababuraj89@gmail.com
Benthic marine community subsumes a variety of species under different taxonomic group
living in close association with the bottom of the sea. As the feeding, breeding and nursery ground
for a majority of other marine organisms, it forms the hotspots of biodiversity. The ever-expanding
human activities coupled with climate change are posing rapid ecological changes and causes habitat
loss and species extinction. This has heightened the need for rapid characterization of ecological
changes in marine benthic communities across large scales. Though there are several field-based
survey methodologies to measure the benthic cover, all of them requires much time and covers only
smaller areas. The scientists around the world started acquiring enormous amounts of images with
the help of digital cameras and remotely operated acquisition systems, however, the subsequent
image annotation is typically a time consuming manual task. The invention of GPU leads to the
development of automated technology which greatly benefits marine ecological studies in terms of
cost, speed, accuracy and thus in better quantifying their status. There are a number of algorithms
developed based on image processing and deep neural networks for monitoring today's rapidly
changing ecosystem. The current study aims to analyze and comprehend the evolving marine
benthic image classification research. The historical patterns, the structure of evolving research,
existing collaborations and influential actions are investigated in this work.
Keywords: Image Annotation, Segmentation, Deep Learning, Image Processing
32
BRP-O-05
INFAUNAL MARINE BIVALVES OFF THE WEST COAST OF INDIA
Arathi, A.R., Ravinesh, R and Biju Kumar, A.
Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala,

Thiruvananthapuram- 695581, Kerala, India
E-mail: arathichepla@gmail.com
Class Bivalvia forms the second most speciose class in the Phylum Mollusca, comprising
different commercially valuable forms such as mussels, oysters, scallops and clams. They furnish
splendid example of adaptive radiation, colonising diverse types of habitats ranging from intertidal to
hadal depths exhibiting different modes of life, particularly free living, infaunal, epifaunal and
associated. Infaunal bivalves are effective in bioturbation and bioirrigation, thus serve well as better
ecosystem engineers. Bivalves have also been reported to adapt and survive in specialized deep sea
habitats such as oxygen minimum zones, methane seeps and hydrothermal vents with the help of
carnivory, chemosymbiosis and haemoglobin cells. The present paper documents the diversity of
infaunal bivalves along the west coast of India covering the states of Tamil Nadu (West Coast only),
Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Random taxonomic surveys for the collection of
bivalve specimens were conducted during 2013 – 2016 period. The collection methods followed were
handpicking, snorkelling, scuba diving and trawling. All the collected specimens were georeferenced,
photographed, identified, preserved and stored in museum. A total of 147 bivalve species classified
under 2 subclasses, 8 orders, 29 families and 91 genera were recorded. Of these, 11 species
(Yoldiidae- 1 species, Arcidae- 1 species, Glycymerididae- 1 species, Lucinidae- 2 species,
Carditidae- 1 species, Cardiidae- 2 species, Psammobiidae- 1 species, Veneridae- 2 species), are new
records to India and 7 species are new records to the west coast of India. Considering the habitat
types, 60 species prefer intertidal zone, 42 species inhabits subtidal zone (< 30m), 33 species
occupies sublittoral zone (< 300m) and 12 dwell in bathyal depths (< 2000m). Bivalve families that
exhibit chemosynthetic symbiosis such as Solemyidae (1species), Lucinidae (12 species) and
Vesicomyidae (1 species) were recorded in the present study. The most commercially exploited
bivalve species of India such as Tegillarcagranosa, Donax cuneatus, Marcia opima, Marcia recens, Meretrix
casta, Paratapes textilis, Placuna placenta and Sunetta scripta were recorded. Bivalves forms an
ecologically important component in terms of biomass, production and cycling of buried organic
material, contribute to transfer of minerals and organic matter, increase the productivity of mudflats
and thus plays an important role in the functioning of ecosystems they inhabit. The paper discusses
the relevance of infaunal bivalves in the West Coast of India, with details of spatial distribution
patterns of species. The relevance of bivalve dominated ecosystems and functional groups of bivalves
along the West Coast of India are also discussed in the paper.
Keywords: Mollusca, Bivalves, Distribution, New Records, Fisheries, Functional Groups
33
BRP-O-06
JUVENILES OF HOOK-NOSED SEA SNAKE (HYDROPHIS SCHISTOSUS, DAUDIN, 1803)

CONTROL THE POPULATION OF CATFISH (ARIUS JELLA) REVEALED FROM
FISHERY BY-CATCH
Tambre, G.N. and Nanajkar, M.N.
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa- 403004
E-mail: mandar@nio.org
Hydrophis schistosus, the hook-nosed sea snake is an important top predator from the tropical
coastal habitats. In the Caranzalem Bay- central west coast of India, this species was often noticed as
by-catch of shore-seine net operations. The aim of our study was to investigate the mortality of H.
schistosus as fishery discard and their role as predators from Caranzalem Bay from August to
September 2018. By-catch abundance studied bi-weekly and carried out the gut content analysis of
dead specimens. By-catch number of sea snakes per shore-seine operation ranged from 9 to 60 nos.
(Avg. 33 nos.). Out of the total 528 specimens, 89% were juveniles or sub-adults with length ranges
from 36-50cm (average length 45cm). The gut content analysis revealed that 18% of the gut is with
digested material and empty while 82% gut showed the presence of catfish (Arius jella). The results
suggest that the juveniles of the sea snake feed predominantly on this catfish and play a crucial role
in keeping a check on the catfish population. Thus, it is imperative to consider the by-catch mortality
of sea snakes an important ecological indicator as it may reverberate into trophic level changes. The
cascading effects due to by-catch decline in sea snake population might result in the dominance of
catfish in the bay region due to the absence of predatory pressure. The increase in catfish abundance
will concomitantly reduce the population of other sensitive as well as commercially important
benthic species.
Keywords: By-catch; Mortality; Hydrophis schistosus; Arius jella; Juveniles; Shore-seine
34
BRP-O-07
POLYCHAETE FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY ALONG THE WESTERN INDIAN

CONTINENTAL MARGIN
Sabyasachi Sautya and Santosh Gaikwad
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai- 400 053,

Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: sautya@nio.org
Ecosystem functioning is the combined effect of individual functions which is governed by

the interplay between biotic and abiotic factors. Functional diversity is one of the approach among
these biotic factors for understanding the mechanism of species coexistence or community
assemblages and characterizing the functional response. Application of this approach was found
limited in marine system especially on deep-sea benthos from Indian Ocean. We investigated
functional diversity of benthic polychaetes with respect to seascape and their related abiotic factors
in Western Indian Continental Margin (WICM). We collected samples from thirty different depths
ranged between 25-3150 m along the three different geophysical settings (shelf, slope and basin) in
WICM. Four types of sediment textures were observed in the study area. The shelf region and upper
slopes were dominated by silty and sandy facies, whereas clayey silts characterized the mid slope,
lower slope and basin. Sediment Corg was high (4.37%) on the mid slope and a low value (0.2%)
recorded on the basin station. Total 49 modalities among 11 functional traits of identified
polychaetes were considered in the present study. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis of
functional traits showed clear distinction between the geophysical regimes. Based on multi trait
functional diversity analysis Rao‟s Q Entropy and FEve showed higher values in basin region while
shelf recorded their lower values. Small-bodied deposit feeding habits polychaetes were found in
slope region where Corg was recorded in higher values. This study described the complexity of
polychaete functional diversity and their interaction with abiotic factors at regional scale.
Keywords: Polychaete, Benthos, Functional Diversity, Continental Margin, Indian Ocean
35
BRP-P-01
THE CATCH COMPOSITION OF WINTER MIGRATORY COASTAL SET BAGNET

OPERATING IN HOOGHLY - MATLAH ESTUARY, WEST BENGAL
Amrutha R. Krishnan¹ and Talwar, N.A²
1
School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi
2
Dept. of Fishery Engineering, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and
Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-94
E-mail- amrutha.ir@gmail.com; natalwar@gmail.com
The study was conducted to determine the catch composition of indigenous coastal set
bagnet (CSBN) operating in the lower stretches of Hooghly – Matlah estuary. Experiments were
carried out for a period of four months during the winter migratory fishing season from November to
February. The total of forty-eight (48) hauls was made in twelve (12) day of fishing trials. The
soaking period was fixed to six (6) hours for every day of the experiment including the time of
setting and hauling. A total of 12 commercially important finfishes such as Coilia spp., Setipinna
phasa, Setipinna taty, Harpadon nehereus, Osteogeneiosus militaris, Otolithoides pama, Cynoglossus spp.,
Pampus argenteus, Trichiurus spp., Ilisha megaloptera, Polynemus paradiseus and Chirocentrus dorab and
shell fishes like Metapenaeus monoceros, Penaeus spp. and Parapenaeopsis spp. and Macrobrachium
spp.were recorded in the winter migratory coastal set bagnet. 14.79 % of the total catch were
contributed by the Bombay duck, which was the dominant fishery followed by ribbon fishes and
total shell fish contribution was 27.49% of the total catch.
Keywords: Coastal Set Bagnets; Catch Composition, CSBN, Hooghly –Matlah Estuary
36
BRP-P-02
UNDERWATER OBSERVATION ON COPEPOD SWARM IN A CORAL REEF

ECOSYSTEM FROM THE SOUTH-WEST COAST OF INDIA
Sanu V. Francis and Bijoy Nandan, S.
University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
E-mail: sanuvf@gmail.com
The swarming behaviour of copepods is an example of complex behavioural adaptations

evolved by resident plankton species to survive within the reef ecosystem. Swarming of calanoid
copepod species Labidocera acutaDana 1849 were visually observed from lagoon waters of Bangaram
(10°56‟N 72°17‟E) during the winter monsoon 2015. Underwater observations were made by
SCUBA at 4 meters depth inside the lagoon waters. Samples collected using a hand net (mesh size:
200 μm; dia: 30cm; Length 0.5 m). The swarm was easily noted due to the blue colouration of the
species and was ovoid and nearly 50 cm in diameter. The aggregation of the species was observed
little above the bottom and close to the coral patches during the day time. The abundance of L.acuta
in the surface waters in the same location was 0.2 ind./m3 with six other calanoid copepods. In the
underwater sample, the species abundance was 17 ind./m3. Within the swarm, adult copepods were
dominant especially females indicating that the swarm of this species is age and sex-specific. The
species under the genus Labidocera generally have the adaptations to live residential within coral
reefs, and their abundance suggests an important food source sustaining reef trophodynamics.
Keywords: Swarming, Calanoid Copepods, Coral Reef Ecosystems, South-West Coast of India
37
BRP-P-03
STUDIES ON SEASONAL VARIATION OF MACRO BENTHOS IN THE CAGE CULTURE

SITE AT MOOTHAKUNNAM
Smina, M.S1,2, Sunithakumari, K1,2, Priya, N.P1,2, Ajithkumar,P.B1,2 and Shoji Joseph1
1
ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box No.1603, Ernakulam North
P.O, Kochi-682018, Kerala, India
2
Cochin University of Science and Technology, South Kalamassery,
Kochi, Kerala 682022
E-mail: sminamanjipparambil@gmail.com
Benthos is a crucial component of biotic life and a healthy benthic community is a sign of
unpolluted and sustainable aquatic system. These bottom dwellers play a vital role in cleaning of the
aquatic bodies. Hence studies on benthic community are widely accepted as a tool for assessing
health of the ecosystems. The overall goal of this study is to determine the effect of cage culture on
seasonal diversity of benthic macro fauna in a cage culture site at Moothakunnam. Sediment
samples were taken monthly using Van Veen grab and diversity of benthos is calculated using
Shannon Wiener diversity index and Margalef‟s Richness index. Water quality parameters were
found varied as follows; temperature (24 to 30˚C), pH (6.5 to 7.0), salinity (0 to 28), nitrite (0 to
0.18), nitrate (0.9 to 3.57), ammonia (0 to 0.07) and phosphate (0 to 0.04). Macro benthic
community collected during the study included mainly 4 phyla (Arthropoda, Mollusca, Annelida
and Pisces); of these Arthropoda contributed the largest share constituting 44.9 % of the total macro
fauna, followed by Mollusca 36.6 %, Annelida 17.7 % and Pisces 0.8 %. The study area which was
dominated by molluscs during pre-monsoon becomes dominated by arthropods during -monsoon.
The species diversity was ranged from 1.4 to 1.8; species richness from 1.2 to 1.7 and species
evenness from 0.6 to 0.9. All the macro benthos groups exhibited seasonality in their abundance.
Maximum diversity was recorded during pre-monsoon and minimum during post monsoon season.
Keywords: Macrobenths, Cage Culture, Seasonal Variation, Diversity
38
BRP-P-04
TAXONOMIC EVALUATION OF FAMILY PLATYCEPHALIDAE BASED ON OTOLITH

MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERS FROM INDIAN WATERS
Vikas, Jaiswar, A. K. and Shashi Bhushan
ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061
E-mail: vkspathak20@gmail.com
Otolith is small stony structure mainly made up of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) which is
mostly in the form of aragonite located in inner ear cavity of the teleost fish. They grow
continuously according to an accretionary process and the accretionary deposit is influenced both by
environmental conditions and physiological parameters. Colliculum in G. suppositus is single lobed,
widely open on periphery and posterior part of colliculum has tube like structure. The colliculum of
S. tuberculata shows single lobe, equidistance canal like structure; crista inferior, crista superior and
collum are not distinct. C. crocodilus has maximum (894.55) width pixel while G. scaber has minimum
width pixel (519.86), S. tuberculata more than 700 while G. suppositus and P. indicus and K. rodericensis
had less than 700. The otolith of S. tuberculata was found to be most rounded by 1.79 score among
other species while otolith of C. crocodilus more flat by 2.55 score, K. rodericensis and G. scaber show
more than 2.20 while G. suppositus and P. indicus show roundness score less than 2.20. The above
finding are helpful for knowing type of habitat substratum, swimming pattern, resolving ambiguity
with cryptic species, proper identification, age and growth analysis, variation in shape etc.
Keywords: Aragonite, Environmental Condition, Colliculum, Otolith
39
Lead lecture
RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN MARINE BIOPROSPECTING FOR NOVEL DRUG

CANDIDATES WITH BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
Sajeevan, T.P.
National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology,
Cochin -16, Kerala
E-mail:sajeev@cusat.ac.in
Natural products (NP) contributed significantly to the history and landscape of modern drug
development, especially as antibacterial and anticancer agents and account for more than one-third
of all FDA-approved drugs. However, over the years the rate of discovery of new bioactive
compounds has been reduced, whereas the rediscovery of known compounds increased. Hence there
is an imperative need for bioprospecting of unexplored or underexplored habitats for unique and rare
microorganisms, which can be expected to yield novel metabolites with desirable bioactivities. The
biological diversity of marine environment offers enormous scope for the discovery of novel natural
products, several of which are potential targets for biomedical application. Among the many phyla
found in the ocean, rich sources of pharmacologically active natural products were reported from
bacteria (including cyanobacteria), fungi, certain algae, sponges, soft corals and gorgonians, sea
hares and nudibranchs, bryozoans and tunicates. Among microorganisms, actinomycetes account
for about 45% of all microbial bioactive secondary metabolites with majority (80%) being produced
by Streptomyces speciesalone. Many bioactive compounds originally isolated from sponges or other
marine invertebrates were subsequently reported from its associated microorganisms which reinforce
the notion that associated microbial flora is the true producers or „holder of the genes‟ for the
production of those metabolites.
In recent years, a renaissance has occurred in marine pharmacology which brought many
compounds of marine origin with unique scaffolds and functionalities into biomedical use. Present
marine pharmaceutical pipeline includes seven Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved
marine derived drugs: for cancer, Cytarabine (Cytosar-U®, Depocyt®, FDA-approved in 1969),
Eribulin mesylate (Halaven®, FDA-approved in 2010), Brentuximab Vedotin (Adcetris®, FDA-
approved in 2011), Trabectedin (Yondelis®, FDA-approved in 2015), for pain, Ziconotide (Prialt®,
FDA-approved in 2004); for hypertriglyceridemia, omega-3-acid ethyl esters (Lovaza®, FDA-
approved in 2004); for antiviral,Vidarabine (Ara-A) (Vira-A®, FDA-approved in 1976). Further to
this many marine natural products are in different stages of clinical trials and a large number of
marine compounds in the preclinical pipeline.
The marine natural products drug discovery programme is undergoing revitalization through
the utilization and development of new tools and techniques such as genome mining, compound
activity mapping (FUSION technology), and high-content biological screening along with integrated
bioinformatics, as well as molecular networking (GNPS), principal component analysis, and other
cheminformatics approaches. New forms of information technology, such as computer-assisted
structure elucidation (CASE) software and artificial intelligence neural networks deep learning such
as the small molecule accurate recognition technology (SMART) system are further examples of
40
ways to improve the efficiency of structure determination of the compounds in the modern era. In
addition, the inclusion of complete genomic information for microbial strains that can be cultivated
will allow for the connection of biosynthetic gene clusters with produced natural product chemicals
– which can further aid in not only production of the molecules but also in many ways the structural
prediction and determination.
Keywords: Marine Bioprospecting, Novel Drugs, Biomedical, Natural Products
41
Lead lecture
MOLECULAR TOOLS AND ITS APPLICATION IN BENTHIC STUDIES
Hari Krishnan, K.
Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology,

Poojappura, Thycaud. P.O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India - 695 014
E-mail: harikrishnan@rgcb.res.in
The benthic community consists of a large number of animal groups. An integrated

morphological and molecular approach in taxonomy may offer alternative ways to estimate their
biodiversity, in particular from unexplored geographical regions, and improve our understanding of
cryptic species complexes and systematics of faunal complexes. Many of the organisms in the
benthic community have bioprospecting potential. Considering their importance to the
pharmaceutical and other industries fast and accurate recognition and classification of species will
enhance the discovery of drug-producing species and also to take necessary steps for protecting and
conserving these resources. In this context, high-throughput sequencing has been considered as an
efficient, rapid and cost-effective approach to document biodiversity.
Keywords: Benthos, Bioprospecting, Molecular markers, Next Generation Sequencing
42
BPB-O-01
COMPOSITION AND BIOACTIVITY OF YEASTS FROM

MANGROVE SEDIMENTS OF NORTH KERALA
Vidya, P1., Sreedevi N Kutty2 and Sebastian, C. D1.

1
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635
2
Department of Zoology, NSS College Nenmara, Palakkad 678 508
E-mail:sreedevisd@gmail.com
Marine fungi, in particular yeasts, are adapted to survive in distinct environments due to their
varied physico-chemical properties which can be exploited for developing potent biotechnological
applications. Mangroves, that grows in intertidal regions with diverse flora and fauna, are such an
ecosystem that is dominated by microbial population, in particular bacteria and fungi. Information
regarding the diversity and bioactivity of yeasts from mangroves of India, specifically those from
mangroves of Kerala are scanty and there are many locations yet to be explored. In this context, this
study aims at determining the distribution and bioactive potential of yeast strains from mangrove
sediments of selected sites along North Kerala. Sediment samples were collected from 5 districts of
northern Kerala and processed for isolation of yeast. The number of Colony Forming Units
(CFU/ml) was calculated for each site and the sediments from the mangroves of Valapattanam
(Kannur) showed the highest CFU/ml (1100) while that from Kadalundi (Kozhikode) showed the
least (65). The pH of the sediment in the sites were in the range 6.4 – 7.0 while the temperature of
the sediment varied from 21° C to 29° C. A total of 117 yeast isolates were obtained in which 103
isolates showed various hydrolytic enzyme activities. Lipase activity (50%) was shown by maximum
number of isolates followed by ligninase (27%), urease (21%), pectinase (16%), amylase (13%),
cellulase (9%), protease (8%), chitinase (4%) and DNAse (2%) activities. The isolates obtained were
predominantly fermentative forms (60%) than oxidative forms. Genus level identification using
biochemical methods showed around 12 genera of yeasts from the current study sites. The isolates
belonged to predominantly genera Saccharomyces, Candida and Dekkera followed by the other genera
such as Cryptococcus, Debaromyces, Lipomyces, Kluveromyces, Yarrowia, Tricospora, Wingea and so on.
Pigmented yeasts belonging to genera Rhodotorula and Oosporidium were also isolated from the
sediments. The present study provides baseline data on the distribution, abundance, composition
and bioactivity of yeast community in mangrove sediments. Further studies on the same would help
in gaining insight on the dynamics of the ecosystem which can be applied in its conservation and
management strategies.
Keywords: Mangrove Sediments, Yeast, Distribution, Hydrolytic Enzymes, Bioactivity
43
BPB-O-02
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF

CONOTOXINS OF CONUS INSCRIPTUS
Anjali Kumari andSelvankumar Thangaswamy
PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Mahendra Arts and Science College (Autonomous),
Kalippatti, Namakkal 637 501, Tamil Nadu, India
E-mail: anjalisoni458@gmail.com
The present investigation has been reported with the cone snail Conusinscriptus venom
proteins. The venom proteins were subjected to enzymatic fractionation and carried out toxicity
assay with Artemia salina. The venom peptides of C.inscriptus and their intact disulfide linkages were
analyzed by LCMS after enzymatic digestion of proteins by trypsin. Mass spectrometric (MS)
studies were reported with the reduced and non-reduced venom peptides. The MS results showed 51
sequences belonging to different super-families of conotoxins and the calculated m/z ratio has
ranged from 1060.91 to 462.72 Da. The molecular weight of the proteins varied 47 to 90 kDa.
Toxicity assay was carried out in A. salina and MTT assay with Vero(normal) and HeLa (cancer) cell
lines evidenced anticancer properties in C.inscriptus venom protein Hemolytic, Phospholipase and
hyaluronidase assays were also performed for biomedical applications.
Keywords: Conus inscriptus, Venom protein, Mass spectrometry, Phospholipase, hyaluronidase
44
BPB-O-03
BIOPROSPECTING OF SEDIMENT BORNE BACTERIA FROM COCHIN ESTUARY
Sandhya, S1., Shahana Kabeer1, Vishnupriya, S2 and Mohamed Hatha, A.A1

1
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and
Technology, Cochin- 682 016, Kerala, INDIA.
2
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal
E-mail: mohamedhatha@gmail.com
Estuaries, mangroves and nearshore sediments are considered as a productive zone for
diverse population of microorganisms. The microbial communities found in the marine and brackish
water environments play significant role in decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling.
Heterotrophic bacteria produce extracellular enzymes to hydrolyse complex organic molecules.
Microbes have served as one of the largest and useful sources of many enzymes. The objective of this
study is to characterize extracellular activity of enzymes such as amylase, lipase, protease, cellulase,
asparaginase, glutaminase, chitinase and DNase. The enzymatic activity of 50 bacterial strains were
tested, in which 80%of isolates showed proteolytic activity, 60% of isolates were lipolytic, 52% of
isolates were DNase producing, 40% of isolates were cellulase producing, 30% of isolates were
amylase producing, 12% of isolates were asparaginase producing and 8% of isolates were
glutaminase producing. None of the isolates were producing chitinase enzyme. The property of the
isolates showing this metabolic catalytic activity can be used in various industrial applications. The
demand for industrial enzymes is steadily growing for several sustainable eco-friendly applications.
Keywords: Cochin Estuary, Sediment, Hydrolytic Enzymes, Industrial Applications
45
BPB-O-04
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF A HISTONE DERIVED PEPTIDE FROM THE

ZIG-ZAG EEL, MASTACEMBELUS ARMATUS
Anooja,V.V., Archana,K., Athira,P. P., Anju,M. V., Neelima and Rosamma Philip
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and
Technology, Cochin- 682016
E-mail: rosammap@gmail.com; rose@cusat.ac.in
Antibiotic resistance and allied emergence of new diseases are a major concern in the
pharmaceutical sector. To help combat this growing public concern, the current research has been
focusing on the properties of biological molecules such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that have
enticed considerable interest as natural antibiotics. Isolation and molecular characterization of a
putative Histone-derived antimicrobial peptide from the zig-zag Eel, Mastacembelus armatus has been
done. Total RNA was isolated from gills using TRI ® reagent (Sigma) following manufacturer‟s
protocol. First-strand cDNA was generated. PCR amplification of the cDNA was done using
Hipposin primer. PCR products were cloned into pGEMTEasy Vector, and transformed into DH5
alpha E.coli competent cells. Positive recombinant clones were selected for plasmid isolation.
Recombinant plasmids were sequenced and in silico analysis done. Mastacembelus armatus Histone
H2A (Ma-His) nucleotide sequence consisted of 243 bp, encoding 81 amino acid sequences, which
showed 94% similarity to H2A identified from Oryziaslatipes. Histones are conserved eukaryotic
cationic proteins present in the cells and are involved in the antimicrobial activities. Hence,
characterization of Ma-His showed that they can be a potential candidate for development of
therapeutic drugs.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Peptide, Histone, Eel, Mastacembelus armatus
46
BPB-O-05
COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CRUSTACEAN SHELL WASTE

DERIVATIVES INCORPORATED SHRIMP DIETS
Ancy, A and Sabu, S.
School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology,
Cochin- 682 016, Kerala, India
E-mail: ancybiotechnology@gmail.com
Shrimps occupy a prime position in the capture, culture and export sector of our country.
Seafood processing industries produces huge quantity of crustacean shell wastes, which are
discarded or unutilized leading to environmental pollution. Crustacean shell wastes are excellent
source of chitin, the second most abundant natural biopolymer on earth, protein and minerals.
Intensive farming of shrimp around the world requires quality feed. Utilizing this waste resource in
aqua feeds to improve growth and immunity of cultured shrimps were reported previously. The
present investigation aims to incorporate different forms of crustacean shell wastes and its
derivatives viz. Shrimp head meal, Chitin and Chitosan either in natural or purified form in shrimp
diets and compare the physical properties and proximate composition of the experimental diets.
Keywords: Aqua-Feeds, Crustacean shell waste, Feed Formulation, Physical Properties.
47
BPB-P-01
ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES DERIVED FROM FLOWER TAIL PRAWN METAPENAEUS

DOBSONI (MIERS, 1878), FROM COCHIN BACKWATERS
Adarsh, P.P.2, Ajit Antony2, Reshma,C.R.2,Anju,M.V.1,

Archana, K.1 and Rosamma Philip1
1
Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and
Technology, Cochin- 682016
2
Department of Marine Microbiology and Marine Drugs,
Kerala University of Fisheries and
Ocean Studies, Cochin- 682506
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called as host defense peptides are part of the innate
immune response found among all classes of life. They are small molecular weight proteins with
broad spectrum antimicrobial properties against pathogenic organisms. They are evolutionarily
conserved molecules, which are mostly positively charged. They have the potential to act as novel
therapeutic agents. The present study is focused on isolation of AMPs from Flower Tail prawn,
Metapenaeus dobsoni. The crude peptide was extracted by modified acetic acid-acetone precipitation
method and its activity was tested against bacterial pathogens by disc diffusion assay. The peptide
extracts were reconstituted in sterile Milli-Q and subjected to solid phase extraction using Sep-pakR c-
18 cartridges (Waters, USA). 5%, 40% and 80% Sep-pakR fractions eluted was subjected for further
purification by cation exchange chromatography employing UNOTM QI (Q1 BioRad) column using
Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC). FPLC active fractions were tested for antimicrobial
activity by the liquid growth inhibition assay against Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative
bacteria.The crude peptide sample from Metapenaeus dobsoni displayed potential activity against the
tested microorganisms. FPLC of 5% Sep-pak fraction yielded 3 fractions (Md5-1, Md5-2, Md53),
FPLC of 40% Sep-pak fraction yielded 6 fractions (Md40-1, Md40-2, Md40-3, Md40-4, Md40-5,
Md40-6,), and FPLC of 80% Sep-pak fraction yielded 4 fractions (Md80-1, Md80-2, Md80-3 and
Md80-4). In the liquid growth inhibition assay fractions Md80-3 and Md5-3 inhibited all the
bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Bacillus cereus with a high
percentage of inhibition. Fraction Md40-4 and Md40-6 showed about 100% of growth inhibition
against Vibrio alginolyticus. The study suggest that the shrimp Metapenaeus dobsoni, an inhabitant of
the marine environment is a potent source of novel antimicrobial peptides and offers great scope for
further studies to explore their role as effective curatives in the near future.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Peptide, Metapenaeus dobsoni
48
BPB-P-02
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE HEPCIDIN

FROM BURROWING GOBY, TRYPAUCHEN VAGINA
Athira, P.P., Archana, K., Anooja, V.V., Anju, M.V., Neelima and Rosamma Philip
Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science

and Technology, Cochin-682016, Kerala, India
The marine benthic environment represents a largely unexplored source for isolation of unique
bioactive compounds. Antimicrobial cationic peptides are prevalent throughout the nature as a part of
intrinsic defense of organisms, and have been proposed as a blueprint for the design of novel
antimicrobial agents. Fishes are constantly challenged by variety of pathogens. As fishes rely more on
innate immunity, Antimicrobial peptides can serve as a potential defense weapons in fishes for
combating emerging devastating diseases. Trypauchen vagina common in most coastal zones occurs
along the bottom in tidal rivers and estuaries. The species is known as amphidromous fish inhabiting
from marine to brackish water regions in the indo-pacific areas feeding mainly on benthic crustaceans.
Total RNA was isolated from gills using TRI® reagent following manufacturer‟s protocol. First-strand
cDNA was generated. PCR amplification of the cDNA was done using Hepcidin primer with 600C
annealing temperature. PCR products were cloned into pGEMT Easy Vector, and transformed into
DH5 alpha E.coli competent cells. Positive recombinant clones were selected for plasmid isolation.
Recombinant plasmids were sequenced. Hepcidin from Trypauchen vagina consisted of a 264 bp
nucleotide sequence, encoding 88 amino acids, which showed 80% similarity to the histone derived
peptide of Larimichthys crocea. The ExPASy analysis revealed the presence active peptide sequence of 63
amino acids. The mature peptide of histone derived peptide had a predicted molecular weight of 10.12
kDa with 8.06 isoelectric point.
Keywords: Antimicrobial Peptide; Hepcidin; Burrowing Goby
49
BPB-P-03
CHARACTERIZATION OF SEDIMENTARY HUMIC ACIDS FROM MANGROVE

ECOSYSTEM USING UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY
Jennees Mathew1, Anu Gopinath2, Rosily, A.V.3andSanil,V.L.1

1
School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies,
Kochi, India
2
Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean
Studies, Kochi
3
Morning star Home Science College, Angamaly
E-mail: dranugopinath@gmail.com; jenniscsn1986@gmail.com
Knowledge about the organic matter humification process is essential for understanding the
carbon biogeochemical cycles. The aim of this study is to analyze relationship between the
properties of humic acids and extent of humification in mangrove sediments using UV-Visible
spectroscopic technique. Sediment profiling has been done in Kerala mangroves on a spatial as
Northern, Central and Southern parts of Kerala. Temporal variations (pre-monsoon and monsoon)
in humification was also attempted in the study area. The UV-Visible absorbance of isolated humic
substances were measured at wave lengths of E (280,664,472,465). The Esquven ratios (E4/E6)
decreases with increasing molecular weight and condensation of aromatic constituents which serve
as an index of humification. All stations except the core sample of Asramam pointed out higher
humification and low degree of aromatic condensation and infer the presence of relatively large
proportion of aliphatic structures. The E280/664 or E472/664 ratios also supported this. Low
E280/472 ratios showed the degradation of phenolic/quinoid core of humic acid as well as
proportion between the lignin and other materials at the beginning of humification. The quantity of
isolated humic acids was higher for pre-monsoon than monsoon season.
Keywords: UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Humic Acids, Sediments, Humification
50
BPB-P-04
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND COMPOSITION OF PLANT

PROTEIN INCORPORATED AQUA FEEDS FOR SHRIMP FARMING
Nikhila R. Khanna and Sabu, S.
School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside campus, Fine
Arts Avenue, Cochin-682 016, Kerala, India
E-mail: nikhilakhanna.nk@gmail.com
Composition and physical properties of plant protein incorporated aqua feeds for shrimp
farming were compared. Shrimp feeds typically contain 20 - 55 % crude protein, depending on the
culture species. High quality fish meal diets are generally preferred since it is rich in quality protein
and well-balanced essential amino acids & essential fatty acids. High demand and declined
availability of food fishes due to the over-exploitation of marine resources makes the fish meal the
most expensive protein ingredient in aquaculture feeds. Fish meal can be substituted by various plant
protein sources; as such protein sources are easily available at low price and possess superior qualities.
In this study, three diets were formulated viz. (i) Control fish meal diet (FM), (ii) Fish meal replaced
with soybean meal diet (SBM) and (iii) Fish meal replaced with corn gluten meal diet (CGM).
Proximate composition, pH and physical properties (water stability, water absorption, and expansion
ratio and bulk density) of the prepared feeds were compared. High protein contents (FM:
34.50±2.004, CGM: 33.5±3.01 and SBM: 33.21±1.44), variations in fat and ash were recorded for the
diets. Significant results were obtained on physical properties of CGM and SBM feeds compared to
FM and are potential ingredients to replace fish meal in aqua feeds. Substitution of fish meal with
plant protein sources will reduce the feed costs, pressure on food fishes and juveniles and will enhance
the income of aqua farmers.
Keywords: Shrimp Feed, Fishmeal, Corn Gluten Meal, Soybean Meal, Physical Properties of
Shrimp Feed
51
Lead lecture
BENTHIC COMMUNITIES AND THEIR USE IN MARINE HEALTH MONITORING

PROGRAMS, INCLUDING NEW GENOMIC TOOLS
Angel Borja
AZTI, Marine Research Division, Pasaia (Spain)
E-mail: aborja@azti.es
Managers need to know the ecological status of seas to take informed decisions on the
measures to implement and reduce human pressures on marine systems. To monitor and assess the
status, many benthic indices have been developed in recent decades, being AMBI and M-AMBI the
most extensively used and tested under many different pressures. I offer here an overview of these
indices, including their use in the present, the application to fossil records and, finally, the near
future using metabarcoding to calculate faster and cheaper these indices.
Keywords:Benthic Indices, Ecological Status, AMBI, M-AMBI, Genomics
52
Lead lecture
THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIAN OCEAN BENTHOS AND TAXONOMIC IMPEDIMENT:

THE WAY FORWARD
Biju Kumar, A.
Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala

Thiruvananthapuram- 695581, Kerala, India
E-mail: bijupuzhayoram@gmail.com
The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world, mostly surrounded by a rim of
developing countries and island States. From a wide geographical perspective, most of the major
ocean area is under-sampled, particularly the oceanic areas, and therefore the biological diversity is
still incompletely described for most ecosystems. The poor documentation of diversity
notwithstanding, marine biological diversity is changing, especially in the recent past due to broad-
scale human activities. However, our ability to evaluate the scale and ultimate consequences to life
in the sea of a plethora of anthropogenic effects is limited by our inadequate knowledge of marine
biodiversity. Among the continental nations, the most comprehensive account of coastal and marine
biodiversity is available from India, represented by about 15,042 marine species, with records from
majority of animal phyla. Studies shows that majority of the groups representing marine benthos are
rather underestimates, which is primarily due to the lack of taxonomic expertise, especially in lower
marine phyla. Further, many of the ecosystems in Indian Ocean, especially the sea mounts are
poorly surveyed for marine biodiversity. Similarly, the deep sea biodiversity of Indian Ocean also
remains poorly investigated.
Keywords: Indian Ocean, Biodiversity, Taxonomic Impediment
53
Lead lecture:
MACROINVERTEBRATE FAUNAL AND ASSEMBLAGE DIVERSITY IN THE

MOUNTAIN AND PLATEAU RIVERS OF NORTH INDIA
Prakash Nautiyal
Aquatic Biodiversity Unit, Department of Zoology & Biotechnology, HNB Garhwal University (A
Central University), Srinagar-246174, India
E-mail: pn.mahseer@gmail.com
The Himalayan (H) mountain and CentralHighlands (CH) hill-plateau regions present a
rugged and varied landscape that forms the basis for examining the faunal and assemblage diversity
of benthic macroinvertebrates. Macroinvertebrate faunal and assemblage diversity has been
examined at variety of scales over last two decades; a) point samples; b) small basin, c) mountainous
basin of Ganga, d) Himalayan ecoregions and e) biogeographic regions in the Himalaya. In the
CentralHighlands fauna and assemblages have been examined at reach, river and basin scale. Except
for 85 taxa (species) known from Jammu & Kashmir, the faunal richness in the Himalaya barely
differs from CH. In both regions the fauna is dominated by Class Insecta. Other components were
few (Crustacea, Gastropoda, Pelecypoda, Oligochaeta + Hirudinea) and common to both regions.
Only Polychaeta was additional element in the CH. Compared to these regions, 43 taxa (family) are
known from the Western Ghats (WG). The fauna is dominated by Insecta, while others (Crustacea,
Gastropoda, Oligochaeta and Flatworm) were few. Apparently the fauna appears to be similar but
comparison among these regions show that only 13 taxa are common among H and CH. Hardly 5
taxa are common between these and the WG rivers. A large number of taxa are unique; 16 to H, 11
to CH and 19 to WG. The richness of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna generally declines from the
headwaters to the lowland sections of CH river but increase in the H rivers. The H streams are
dominated by Baetidae, Heptageniidae, Ephemerellidae and Glossosomatidae. The CH rivers are
dominated by Neoephemeridae, Caenidae, Rhyacophilidae, Chironomidae and Thiaridae. Basin
scale study in H shows that Trichoptera dominated most streams at higher elevation (880-2440 m)
while Ephemeroptera at lower elevation (733-1400). Longitudinally, the Ephemeroptera increased
with the downward flow. The environmental variables governing the assemblage composition differ
in each of these ecoregions. Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that slope and forest type
influenced the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates fauna in the Himalaya. Substratum was an
important factor in the Vindhya. These families were very sensitive to the change in the landuse
patterns. Macroinvertebrates are excellent tools for bio-assessment.
Keywords: Diversity, Faunal, Assemblage, Himalaya, Central Highlands, Western Ghats,
Subcontinent
54
Lead lecture
SPONGES AS ‘REAL-ESTATES’ OF THE OCEAN –

A SCRUTINY FROM THE GREAT BARRIER REEF, AUSTRALIA
Anita M. George
National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa - 403 004
E-mail: ageorge@nio.org
Sponges being the simplest multicellular organisms house enormous microorganisms and
together they produce important chemicals including anti-cancer drugs. Sponges also act as
temporary and permanent hotels to diverse endofauna and ectofauna like annelids, crustaceans,
molluscans, echinoderms, bryozoans and fishes. However, little is known about the organisms living
inside sponges and if there any host-specific organisms in sponges. This research is aimed to
understand three different sponge species from three different locations in the Great Barrier Reef.
The sponges were identified using morphological and skeletal architecture and the associated
animals were sorted from ectosomal and choanosomal hunks. This study unveils three different
sponge species that host diverse endofauna and their relationships with available habitable spaces
and with an additional note on the variation in host-specific amphipods. The outcomes of this
research will serve the environmentalists and reef managers to appreciate and conserve sponges
based on their importance in being „real-estates‟ along with their functional roles in our ocean from
anthropogenic activities like overfishing and natural environmental changes.
Keywords: Coelocarteria singaporensis, Coscinoderma mathewsi, Ircinia microconulosa, Leucothoe, Palm

Island Group, Orpheus Island,Endofauna, Ectofauna, Amphipods
55
Lead lecture
MEIOFAUNA RESEARCH APPROACHING 2020, KNOWLEDGE, GAPS, AND NEW

AVENUES FROM THE INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Annapurna, C.
Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam -530003
E-mail: annapurna.chandrabhotla@gmail.com
Marine organisms belonging to meiofauna (size range: 20–500 μm) are amongst the most
abundant and highly diversified metazoans on Earth; and out of the 35 known animal Phyla, 22
account for more than 2/3 of the abundance of metazoan organisms. In any marine system,
meiofauna plays a key role in the functioning of the food web and sustain important ecological
processes. Benthic research has long been carried out both in spatial and temporal scale on the
distribution, species diversity, community structure and abundance. This article reviews the main
biodiversity shortfalls in the studies of meiofauna, discussing how such shortfalls could be addressed,
especially by merging different approaches. Important steps towards such interdisciplinary approach
are to promote data sharing, to explore new technologies that combine disciplines, and to base
studies on a clear theoretical framework. Working at the interface between different disciplines
impose several challenges and will require creative approaches, but well-designed studies making use
of different methodologies will quickly contribute to address the main biodiversity shortfalls in the
study of meiofauna.
Keywords: Meiofauna, Indian Benthic Research, Gap Areas
56
Lead lecture
BENTHIC COMMUNITIES IN THE DEEP-SEA ENVIRONMENTS OF THE RED SEA

Thadickal V. Joydas2, Mohammad A. Qurban1,2 , Basali, A.U.1,
Nazeer, Z. 1, Lopez, M. 1, Manokaran, S. 1 and Cali, N.A.1
1
Center for Environment and water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and
Minerals, Dhahran – 31261, Saudi Arabia
2
Geosciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran – 31261,
Saudi Arabia
E-mail: tvjoydas@kfupm.edu.sa
This paper presents highlights of a study on macrobenthic communities conducted in the

deep-sea environments of the northern and the central Red Sea. This study (conducted in 2012) is
based on samples collected using a box corer (0.1 m2 surface area) from 59 stations (distributed
between 23°N and 28°N) at depths ranging from 220 m to 1,678 m. Hydrographical parameters and
sediment characteristics were also determined. A total of 186 macrobenthic species were recorded. A
general decreasing pattern with increasing depth was shown by macrobenthic community
parameters (density: 10–1,666 ind. m-2; biomass: 0.02–10.98 g m-2; species richness S: 1–59;
Shannon-Wiener diversity index H': 0–5.1). Bathymetric trends in community parameters were
found to be linked to availability of organic matter and the hydrographic parameters. Due to the
limited latitudinal / longitudinal extend of sampling; pronounced latitudinal/longitudinal variations
in benthic community were not evident.
Keywords: Deep-Sea Macrobenthos; Standing Stock; Diversity; Red Sea; Saudi Arabia
57
BED-O-09
DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF MACRO BENTHIC FAUNA IN RELATION TO

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER IN RIVER CHALIYAR,
KERALA
Sharma, S.K., Saha, A., Roshith, C.M., Paul, T.T., Sudheesan, D.,
Khan, F., Suresh, V.R and Das, B. K.
ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore
E-mail: shravansharmacofsn@gmail.com
Macrobenthic diversity in the river Chaliyar, Kerala and their seasonal variations and
influence of Physico-chemical parameters on them has been studied during April, 2017 to Dec, 2018.
Samples were collected from eight stations along the 169 km long river stretch starting from
Elambalari hills in Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu to Feroke in Kozhikode district of Kerala. A total
of 39 species of macro-benthic group (size more than 500 µ at age of sexual maturity), were recorded
including 13 gastropods under 6 families, 10 bivalves under 4 families, 6 polychaetes under 2
families, 4 oligochaetes under 3 families, 6 crustaceans under 3 families. Gastropods were the
highest in all the seasons with 32 %, 40 % and 29 % contribution in pre-monsoon, monsoon and
post-monsoon respectively. Out of eight stations, Feroke, Mambad and Nilambur had the highest
macrobenthic abundance upto 340, 280, 245 org/m2 followed by Edavanna and Areacode. Amongst
the Gastropods, Viviparidae (24 %) and Thiaridae (13 %) species were the most dominant forms
followed by Ampullariidae (8 %), Neritidae (6 %) and Muricidae (5.8 %). The density of gastropods
ranged from 48 (monsoon) org/m2 to 235 org/m2 (summer) and Bivalves ranges from 16 (monsoon)
org/m2 to 98 org/m2 (summer). Shannon and Margalef indices showed that only monsoon season
had low diversity (1.657) and high richness (1.864), rest of the seasons had similar diversity and
richness. Correlation (r) values indicated that there is moderately positive correlation between the
gastropods and pH, total alkalinity, electrical conductivity, phosphate while the Bivalves
(Pelecypods) are positively correlated with total alkalinity, chlorides. A moderately negative
correlation exists between molluscs population with free carbon dioxide in water. Results of this
study contributed the interesting information on benthic macroinvertebrates structure, their
correlation with environmental parameters and ecological characteristics, which was quite limited in
Chaliyar River. Besides, the results confirmed the advantage of using benthic macroinvertebrates as
good candidates to be used as bio-monitoring of water quality and environmental conditions of
freshwater bodies.
Keywords: River Chaliyar, Macrobenthos, Physico-Chemical Parameters, Biodiversity
58
BED-O-10
DISTRIBUTION OF FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES WITH ENVIRONMENTAL

PARAMETERS IN THE SUNDARBANS MANGROVE BIOSPHERE
Vandana Kumari Gupta and Sandip Kumar Mukhopadhyay
University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge circular Road Kolkata-700019, India
E-mail: guptavandana25110@gmail.com
This study presents the abundance and diversity of benthic foraminifera across three major
estuaries (Saptamukhi, Thakuran and Matla) that flow through the World‟s largest contiguous
mangrove forest, the Sundarbans. The aim is to identify the keyhydro-geochemical parameters such
as (Temperature, pH, Eh, Salinity, Total Alkalinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved Inorganic
Carbon, Chlorophyll, Dissolved nutrients, SPM, Sediment composition and etc.), role in shaping the
benthic foraminiferal assemblage over a period of time. Total twenty foraminiferal species were
recorded during the study period. The total live and dead test abundance of the foraminifers ranged
from nil to 1120 and nil to 408 tests per 50 cm³ of wet sieved fraction of the sediment column (i.e. 0-
10 cm). It was observed that the percentage of live abundance was found to be slightly lower
(49.40%) compared to dead abundance (50.60%) while the highest Average Living Depth (ALD) of
5cm witnessed for most abundant species. The benthic foraminifera Shannon diversity index
(H‟=1.826) was highest for the Thakuran estuary and the values are comparable with the reported
values of similar mangrove dominated estuaries of world. Abundant live species were Ammonia spp.,
Elphidium sp., Haphlophramoides sp., Jadammina sp., Quinqueloculina sp. and Noinionella sp. Those
species showed positive significant correlation with pelagic Chlorophyll a indicating a direct trophic
link between primary producers and detrivorous heterotrophic benthic foraminifera.
Keywords- Benthic Foraminifera, Distribution, Mangrove Ecosystem and Environmental

Conditions
59
BED-O-11
MACROBENTHIC BIOCOENOSIS IN A MICROTIDAL MONSOONAL ESTUARY

(KODUNGALLUR-AZHIKODE ESTUARY, SOUTH WEST COAST OF INDIA)
Jayachandran, P. R. and Bijoy Nandan, S.
University of Science and Technology, Lakeside campus, Fine Arts Avenue,
Kochi- 682016, Kerala, India
E-mail: jayachandran2701@gmail.com
Bioecology of macrobenthic communities in the Kodungallur-Azhikode estuary (KAE) was

carried out for a two year period (2009-2011). A total of 18846 organisms collected in the grab
samples, of which 60 % were malacostracans crustaceans followed by polychaetes worms (20
%), molluscs (9 %) and others groups (11 %). A total of 79 species in 71 genera belonging to 49
families has been identified from estuary, of which 33 species of polychaetes, 26 species of
malacostracans, 11 species of molluscans and 9 species of others groups were represented. A single
species of opportunistic amphipod, Americorophium triaeonyx contributed more than 62.05 percent to
the total numerical abundance of macrobenthos in estuary. The other dominant species in the
estuary were hydrozoan colony of Obelia bidentata, opportunistic mussel species of
Arcuatula senhousia, parasitic isopod of Cirolana fluviatilis, opportunistic polychaetes of
Prionospio cirrifera and Capitella sp. In Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), salinity, turbidity,
sediment Eh, substratum type, Chl-a content, depth of water column and organic matter content in
sediment were identified as major environmental parameters which controls the distribution of
macrobenthic species in Kodungallur - Azhikode estuary. The biotic indices based assessment of
estuary indicated „good to moderate‟ ecological status in BOPA, BENTIX and M-AMBI while
„slightly disturbed‟ status in AMBI.
Keywords: Macrobenthos, Estuary, Ecology, Multivariate Analysis, CCA
60
BED-OF-01
ASSESSING THE ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF A TROPICAL ESTUARY USING

MACROFAUNAL FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY AND BIOLOGICAL TRAIT ANALYSES
Sivadas, S.K.
F-2, River View Residency, Ribander- 403 006, Goa, India
E-mail: sanitha_sivadas@yahoo.com, sanithas.ivadas@yahoo.com
In this study, we used the macrobenthic functional diversity and biological trait analyses to
assess the ecological status of a tropical estuary. We investigated the spatial and temporal variation
of functional diversity in the Zuari Estuary, West Coast of India from 2003 to 2004 at seven stations.
Zuari Estuary is a dynamic tropical estuary and harbours one of the finest deep water ports of India.
We used the functional diversity indices (Functional Richness, Functional Evenness, Functional
Dispersal, Functional Divergence and, Rao‟s Q) and biological traits analyses (BTA). Functional
diversity was than compared with various biotic indices (AMBI, M-AMBI, BEQI 2, DKI, NQI and
IQI). Biological traits and functional diversity showed significant spatial and temporal variations.
Among the biological traits, protection, size, degree of dependency, bioturbation, mobility, feeding
habit and resource capture showed significant variation between locations and season. Four of the
five functional diversity indices showed significant spatiotemporal variability. Functional diversity
indices were lower in the harbour stations, as measured by the biotic indices. Based on results, we
suggest that functional trait based approaches can become an important index for environmental
assessment and monitoring of estuarine ecosystems. However, further studies needs to be carried for
implementing implement macrofaunal functional diversity in routine monitoring programs.
Keywords: Tropical Estuary, Functional Diversity, Biological Traits, Macrobenthos
61
BED-OF-02
BENTHIC FAUNAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN A SEMI-ENCLOSED COASTAL

ECOSYSTEM: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THE CHILIKA LAGOON
Kapuli Gani Mohamed Thameemul Ansari
Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences,
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata,
Mohanpur- 741246, West Bengal, India
E-mail: kgmt.ansari@gmail.com
Benthic faunal communities are rich and diverse; play crucial roles in biogeochemical
cycling and support a wide range of ecosystem services. To quantify the role of benthic faunal
communities in sedimentary ecosystem level processes there is a need to understand their functional
community structure and distribution in coastal ecosystems such as lagoons. In this study, structure
of benthic macrofaunal and meiofaunal communities were investigated from ten stations in Chilika
lagoon during December 2017 (post-monsoon) and April 2018 (pre-monsoon). Benthic faunal
abundance varied spatially and seasonally [post-monsoon - macrofauna: 0-1152 ind./10cm2
(mean±SD: 265.2±384) and meiofauna 0-168 ind./10cm2 (44.4±60.28); pre-monsoon - macrofauna:
12-1476 (379.8±495.5) and meiofauna 0-222 (63±69.13)] and their distribution patterns mirrored the
associated changes in link with environmental variables recorded from the study area. For example,
salinity was found to play a major role in observed functional community structure and distribution
for polychaetes in some stations (2 and 3 out of 10 stations in post-monsoon and pre-monsoon
respectively) whereas macrofaunal gastropods and free-living marine nematodes were more
widespread across the studied stations (irrespective of the season sampled). However, azoic
condition (absence of benthic fauna) was found in one of the stations which also had dense growth
of aquatic macrophytes in post-monsoon. The observed benthic faunal patterns revealed gradual
transition from marine to brackish nature in terms of abundance, diversity and distribution. The
present study also show response of benthic faunal communities to natural changes in Chilika
lagoon and can prove to be key for long-term environmental monitoring of this ecosystem.
Keywords: Benthic Faunal Community, Environmental Variables, Distribution Pattern, Chilika

Lagoon, Monitoring
62
BED-OF-03
PERIODIC FLUCTUATIONS IN BURROW MORPHOLOGY OF ILYOPLAX SAYAJIRAOI

(CRUSTACEA: BRACHYURA: DOTILLIDAE) AT GULF OF KHAMBHAT,
GUJARAT, INDIA
Gargi K. Vaidya and Kauresh D. Vachhrajani
Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Lab., Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science,

The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
E-mail: vaidyagargi19@gmail.com, kauresh@gmail.com
Ilyoplax sayajiraoi (Trivedi et al., 2015) is a newly discovered species presently endemic to
Kamboi (22012‟54.0” N & 72036‟36.9” E) seashore along the Gulf of Khambhat (GOK) in Gujarat
state, India. Burrowing is a specific bioturbatory behaviour that a species exhibit with reference to its
habit and habitat. Therefore, the burrow architectural analysis of brachyuran crab Ilyoplax sayajiraoi,
was studied seasonally from April 2017 to March 2018 with an aim to understand its behaviour and
correlate it with the habitat. A digital vernier calliper (±0.01) was used to note crab measurements.
Unsaturated polyethylene resin was poured in burrows and filled completely during ebb tide to get
burrow cast. Solidified burrow casts were dug and brought to lab for analysis. Seasonally observed
burrow patterns were „I‟, „J‟ „L‟ and „S‟ type, revealed by resins. The comprehensive burrow
development and intactness was seen in winter season. Extensive variation was seen in number and
length of burrows seasonally. Deepest burrow perceived was of 45.5cm in winter season and shortest
was 2.4cm observed in monsoon. The regression coefficient (R2) for volume and length of burrow in
winter, summer and monsoon is 0.663, 0.757 and 0.665 respectively. Volume vs carapace width
(CW) correlation gave R2 =0.648, 0.793 and 0.651 for winter summer and monsoon. The maximum
burrow architecture followed by Ilyoplax sayajiraoi in winter, summer and monsoon is „J‟, „L‟ and „J‟
respectively. Positive Pearson coefficient was obtained for carapace width (CW) in relation to
burrow diameter (BD) and burrow length.
Keywords: Ilyoplax sayajiraoi, Burrows, Bioturbation, Regression Coefficient
63
BED-OF-04
DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL SPECIES IN NEARSHORE REGIONS OF

NORTH ANDAMAN ISLANDS, INDIA
Mohan, P.M., Bikramaditya Sahu, Muruganantham, M and Jeeva, C.
Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Brookshabad Campus,
Port Blair – 744 112, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
E-mail: pmmnpu@rediffmail.com
Coral reefs eco systems are one of the most biologically diverse and highly productive
marine ecosystem in the earth and it have extremely high biodiversity in nutrient poor waters, so
that they are referred to as the 'Tropical Rainforests of the Oceans. Indian scenario, the existing reef
environment particulars such as species distribution, extension of the reef builders, biodiversity of
these ecosystem, etc. are very poorly known. The agency involving this study also concentrate
mainly on the major reef-based environment and sporadic occurrence of fringing reef environment
has not taken as a major consideration, so the species details of this reef system has not been evolved
till date. Continuation of this, a study was initiated to understand all the species are existed in the off
Kalipur beach, Diglipur, North Andaman, Andaman Islands, India, where a fringing reef existed in
near shore region. The study area covers a good amount of corals up to 5m depth. A total of 24
species were identified in the off Kalipur near shore environment. These species are belonged to
Phylum and - Cnidaria, Class- Anthozoa and Order- Scleractinia. The identified 24 species belong to
18 genus and 9 Families. Except the genus Lobophyllia (4 sp), Favites (3 sp), Goniastrea (2 sp),
Cyphastrea (2 sp) and Platygyra (2 sp) all the remaining 11 genus exhibited one species each. These
species were present excellently in this environment. All these species living together suggested that
these species undergoing the similar environmental conditions. Since, this environment is shallower
the species Platygyra sinensis, Goniastrea retiformis, Galaxea fasciculatus and Gardinaroseries planulata also
observed confirm this shallow nature and its water often become turbid nature support the remaining
20 species also sustain in these environments. Moreover, the above four species are belonging to the
same Family Murulinidae also support the above inferences the similar morphological characters
with similar environment grouped together. All these species are shown excellent growth also
support this environment has a very suitable one for this fringing reef environment.
Keywords: Coral Reefs, Species, Diglipur, Andaman, Near Shore
64
BED-OF-05
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY IN AN

ESTUARINE AND COASTAL REGION OF ENNORE, SOUTH EAST COAST OF INDIA
Kumar Balachandar1, Arumugam Sundaramanickam2, Deepak Samuel,V. 1,

Abhilash, K. R.1, Purvaja, R1 and Ramesh, R.1
1
National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Anna University Campus,
Chennai- 600025, India
2
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of marine Sciences, Annamalai University,
Parangipettai Tamil Nadu, India
E-mail: k.balachandarsr013@gmail.com
The coastline of Chennai faces a variety of environmental issues such as coastal erosion,
pollution from human settlement and industries and declining fishery resources. The assessment of
macrobenthos, especially polychaetes provide an appropriate tool for understanding the stress of a
coastal environment caused due to pollution. Seasonal variations in benthic diversity and its
relationship with sedimentary parameters were studied at different locations in the estuarine and
coastal regions of Ennore, Chennai. The value of benthic faunal density was observed to vary from
125-1250 Nos /m2 with a minimum in ENN-III and a maximum at ENN- VI. Station ENN-V
registered the highest species diversity ranging from 1.792 and 4.969 Nos /m2. This is attributed to
the presence of suitable silty-clayey sediment nature, ideal substrate for polychaetes. The values of
sediment TOC (Total Organic Carbon) were found to have ranged from 2.46 mgC/g to 13.62
mgC/g and the maximum percentage of clay, silt and sand were recorded as 57.62%, 64.79% and
84.16% from the stations ENN-I, II & III respectively. The dominance of polychaete species such as
Capitella capitata, Prionospio pinnata and Nereis capensis observed in Ennore creek reveal that these
coastal stretches are influenced by organic pollution. These species are frequently found in high
abundance in organically enriched environments and are widely used as an indicator (bio-indicator)
of organic pollution or environmental disturbances. A significant variation of species composition
was observed in the benthic population between Ennore estuary: lower and coast: higher. The
present study confirms the indicator role played by polychaetes and can be used as sensitive
monitors of water quality, especially in terms of the effects of various pollutants on the environment.
Keywords:Macrobenthic Fauna, Estuary, Organic Pollution, Indicator Species
65
BED-OF-06
STUDY OF GASTROPOD SHELL PREFERENCE DIOGENES CHHAPGARI TRIVEDI,

OSAWA & VACHHRAJANI, 2016
Limje N.1 and Trivedi J. N.2
Department of Biodiversity, Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra

1
2
E-mail: poojalimje@gmail.com; jntrivedi26@yahoo.co.in
Diogenes chhapgari Trivedi, Osawa & Vachhrajani, 2016 is newly described species of hermit
crab from coastal areas of Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat and very little is known about its ecology. The
present study is a first approach to study the ecological aspect of the species. Sampling for the
collection of the species was carried out using hand picking method from October to December,
2018 in the mudflat habitat of Dandi, Gujarat and Mumbai, Maharashtra. The specimens were
identified up to species level and categorized in three groups viz. male, female and ovigerous female.
The crab specimens were weighed and their size (shield length) was measured. The gastropod shells
were identified using standard literature and keys and different morphological characters were
measured. Total 1437 individuals of hermit crab were captured (1086 males, 243 females and 108
ovigerous females), occupying 13 different species of gastropod shells. Amongst all the shell species
identified, Cantharus spiralis was highly occupied by the crab species followed by Semiricinula tissoti,
Nassarius stolatus, Latirus nassoides, and Umbonium vestiarium. D. chhapgari males were significantly
larger in size than the female and ovigerous females. Body size and weight of the hermit crab
showed significant correlation with different morphological characters of gastropod shell. Strong
correlation was recorded between crab body size and shell dry weight which shows shell weight has
significant impact on shell selection pattern of hermit crab.
Keywords: Hermit Crabs, Morphology, Gastropods, Mudflat, Gulf of Khambhat, Mumbai
66
BED-OF-07
AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF STOMATOPODS

(CRUSTACEA: STOMATOPODA) OF INDIA
Maheta, N. P.1, Trivedi, D. J.2, Vachhrajani, K. D.2 and Trivedi, J. N.1

E-mail: nikismit31@gmail.com
The stomatopod fauna is one of the least studied groups of crustaceans occurring in Indian
marine waters. The present study was carried out to prepare a taxonomically validated checklist of
stomatopod species recorded from India. Detailed literature review was carried out to make list the
stomatopods species recorded from Indian waters. All the species records were checked for their
taxonomic validation. The authors have also conducted field work for the specimen collection in the
coastal areas of Gujarat state. Total 79 species of stomatopods belonging to 36 genera and 9 families
are so far reported from India. Maximum diversity was recorded from east coast (74 species) of India
as compared to west coast (31 species). In state wise occurrence, maximum diversity was recorded
from Tamil Nadu (50 species) while least diversity was recorded from Karnataka (2 species). In case
of local endemism, 47 and 5 species were only recorded from east and west coast on India while 25
were commonly occurring on the both coasts. In the present study occurrence of total 4 species:
Gonodactylus smithii Pocock, 1893, Clorida bombayensis (Chhapgar & Sane, 1967), Harpiosquilla
harpax (de Haan, 1844), Miyakella nepa (Latreille in Latreille, Le Peletier, Serville & Guérin, 1828) is
first time reported from Gujarat, while occurrence of Erugosquilla massavensis (Kossmann, 1880)
from Gujarat shows distribution range extension of the species on west coast of India. The current
study suggests that the coastal areas of west coast need more surveys to study stomatopod diversity.
Keywords: Taxonomy, Synonyms, Checklist, Stomatopods, Gujarat
67
BED-OF-08
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF GERRES FILAMENTOSUS CUVIER, 1829 FROM

KARNATAKA COAST, INDIA
Narasimhaiah, N.1, Rajashekar, K.P.1, Shivaprakasha, S.M2 and Tenjing, S.Y.3

1
Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore- 574 199, Karnataka, India.
2
Department of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries, Mangalore-575002,
Karnataka, India
3
Sagolband MeinoLeirak, Imphal-795 001, India
E-mail: nsimhafb@gmail.com
Population dynamics of Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829 from Mangalore coast, Karnataka
were studied by examination of 1700 specimens collected from July 2009 to June 2011. Length
frequency method was used to study age and growth in fishes. L∞, K and towere estimated to be
30.45 cm, 0.40 year-1and -0.52 year for female and 30.45 cm, 0.45year-1and -0.45 year for male.
G.filamentosus showed total mortality rate (Z) was 1.58 and 1.82 year-1for female and male
respectively. Natural mortality (M) estimated by Pauly‟s empirical equation was 0.98 year -1for male
and1.06 year-1 for female. The estimated fishing mortality (F) for male and female were 0.60 and
0.76 respectively. The computed exploitation ratios (E) were lower than 0.5 in both sexes. It is
concluded that the stock is not overexploited and the fishing pressure on the stock is not excessive.
Keywords: Age, Growth, Mortality, Exploitation, Karnataka
68
BED-OF-09
DECADAL CHANGES AND COMMUNITY SHIFT IN BENTHIC MACROFAUNA IN

MANGROVE HABITATS OF COCHIN
Philomina Joseph and Bijoy Nandan,S.
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry

School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT)
Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin -16, Kerala
E-mail: honeyadarsh@gmail.com
Coastal wetlands are vulnerable to both anthropogenic and environmental stressors.

Mangroves are one among the most threatened wetlands facing the brunt of urbanisation and
pollution leading to altered ecosystem functioning. These alterations may result in community level
changes in fauna especially the bottom dwellers (benthos) either by mortality of sensitive species or
by dominance of opportunistic species and help to access the health of biotope. This study
highlighted the effects of reckless urbanisation and pollution on mangrove dependent macrobenthic
fauna in mangrove ecosystems of Cochin. Adrastic decline in species composition of macrobenthic
fauna was noted within two decade time in Cochin mangroves, where 54 species were come down
to 48 notably polychaetes reported in 1993 has been declined from 33 to 11 species in the present
study. It was also noted that Malacostracan crustaceans dominated the system (55%) by numerical
density and species richness, while molluscs dominated in macrobenthic biomass (64 %) unlike that
of polychaetes in previous study. Diversity index (H‟) has also reduced from 3.03 to 2.01 and species
richness from 4.46 to 2.3. The amphipods Idunella sp. and corophid Cheiriphotis geniculata dominated
the system replacing the polychaete communities of Nereis glandicincta- Dendronereis aestuarina-
Marphysa gravelyi. The changing communities over multi-decadal time scales, helps to have a check
on the functionality and services of mangroves and thus the ecological balance of the region.
Keywords: Mangroves, Diversity Index, Macrobenthic Fauna, Richness Index
69
BED-OF-10
FISH DIVERSITY OF DAL LAKE, JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA
Saima Andrabi, Abrar Ahmad Bhat, Mohammad Yasir Arafat and Yahya Bakhtiyar
Fish Biology and Ecology Research Lab, Department of Zoology,

University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006
E-mail: saimaandrabi51@gmail.com
Fishes are the most diverse and abundant group of vertebrates in the world. They exist at or
near the top of food chain and serve as an indicator of balanced aquatic ecosystem. Fish form a sort
of cash crop for a nation, being cheap source of highly nutritive proteins, essential amino acids and
important fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6, which are essential for health and survival of
humans. They play an important role in the economy of a nation. Besides being a rich source of
food, fish also serve as bioindcators and help to monitor health of an aquatic ecosystem. Kashmir
valley is the land of lakes and rivers, so also known as “The Paradise on Earth”. It is bestowed with
plenty of natural and fresh water lentic and lotic ecosystems surrounded by snow clad mountains
and spring fed vast meadows. One among them is the famous Dal Lake, an important lentic water
body, situated in the east of Srinagar city of Jammu and Kashmir. It is also known as “Jewel of
Kashmir”. It has a catchment area of about 316 km2, located in the foothills of the Zabarwan hill
range. This fresh water ecosystem being regulated by the hydrological cycles and driven by the solar
energy evaporation, support a wide range of biodiversity and form an economic boon for Kashmir
valley as a place of tourist attraction, recreation and food source for local populace. Preliminary
studies were conducted on the Dal Lake for a period of about six months which revealed that the
fish families present in the lake are Cyprinidae, Cobitidae and Poeciliidae. Among the Cyprinidae
most dominant is Cyprinus carpio communis, locally known as Punjabe Gaad, than local
Schizothoracine species because of its exotic and invasive nature. The other species among
cyprinidae include Schizothorax niger (Ale gaad), S. curvifrons (Satter gaad), Schizothorax esocinus
(Churru),Cyprinus carpio specularis (Punjabe gaad), Carassius carassius (Gang gaad), Crossocheilus
diplochilus (Tetthar)and Puntius conchonius (Rosy barb).The Cobitidae family includesBotia birdi
(Rame gurun)which is rarely found and caught now. The Poeciliidae family include Gambusia
holbrooki which is locally known as Mahi gad. As per the reports and literature available, the exotic
hardy fish fauna has over dominated the local schizothoracines. The reasons being, food
competition, destruction of breeding grounds, increase in turbidity, faster reproductive and growth
rate as compared to local schizothoracines. The other effects of declining population of native
schizothoracines include some anthropogenic pressures like eutrophication, land conversion, illegal
dumping of wastes into this water body etc. It forms a necessity to take measures to conserve this
precious water body and its native fauna at the earliest.
Keywords: Diversity, Dal Lake, Cyprinidae, Schizothoracines
70
BED-OF-11
DIVERSITY OF MACROBENTHIC CRUSTACEANS IN DHARAMTAR ESTUARINE

CONFLUENCE, RAIGAD, MAHARASHRA, INDIA
Sathish, C., Mukesh, K., Vikas, Pavan Kumar, A., Geetanjali Deshmukhe and Jaiswar, A.K.
ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai- 400061, Maharashtra, India
E-mail: sathishchennuri22@gmail.com
Benthic organisms are vital component of every aquatic ecosystems. Benthos acts as major
link between primary producers, decomposers and higher trophic levels. Study on benthic
population for assessing the health of ecosystems is a well-established tool. A study to assess the
diversity of macro benthic crustaceans was carried out in Dharamtar estuarine confluence, Raigad,
Maharashtra during 2018-19. The estuary is situated between the towns of Uran and Alibag. A total
of 41 species of macro benthic crustaceans were recorded in the estuary. The identified crustaceans
were brachyuran crabs (18 species under 4 families), anomuran crabs (2 species under 2 families),
penaeoid prawns (11 species under 2 familes), caridean prawns (6 species under 4 families), lobsters
(1 species under 1 family), squilla (3 species under 1 family). The species of familyPortunidae were
dominant in number of genera occurring in the Estuary. The genus Charybdis was most diverse with
six species. The more species of crabs, prawns, lobsters and squilla were recorded from near to the
mouth of the estuary. The results of the present study shows that estuarine water of Dharamtar,
Raigad in Maharashtra is endowed with rich macro benthic crustaceans indicating good health of
the ecosystem but there is a threat from the anthropogenic activities like destructive fishing practices,
port activity, release of pollutants from industries and sewage disposal into the estuary.
Keywords: Benthic Organisms, Dharamtar Estuary, Crustaceans, Diversity
71
BED-OF-12
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS AROUND MUMBAI

COAST, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Suman Takar 1, 2, Gurjar, U. R. 2, Jyoti Saroj1, Dwivedi, A. 2, Geetanjali Deshmukhe2 and

Jaiswar, A. K.2
1
Department of Fisheries Biology and Resource Management, Fisheries College and
Research Institute, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India – 628 008
2
Division of Fisheries Resource, Harvest and Post-Harvest Management, ICAR-Central
Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai– 400 061
E-mail: takarsuman42@gmail.com
The diversity of benthic organisms play an important role in the ecology and their occurrence
also provides shelter and foodstuff as well as information on the health of the ecosystem.The present
study was carried out from intertidal area of three differentsites (Dharamtar, Bhayandar and
Lokhandwala) along Mumbai coast. Dharamtar site was unpolluted with pristine environment.
Bhayandar site was moderately polluted and the biodiversity is probably affected due to heavy sand
mining in the creek. Lokhandwala site most polluted particularly have a huge discharge of untreated
domestic sewage, municipal solid wastes and chemical effluents. All the physico-chemical parameter
showed much variation in all the stations but less fluctuation in the different months. Total 46
genera of benthic faunal were identified belonging to 5 groups (bivalves, gastropods, polychaetes,
barnacles and crustaceans). Most diverse groups was polychaetes represented by 17 genera.
Dharamtar had maximum number of species occurrence followed by Bhayandar and Lokhandwala.
Occurrence of organisms like polychaetes dominance endorses the pollution at Lokhandwala.
Keywords: Benthic Organisms, Ecology, Intertidal Area, Polychaetes, Domestic Sewage
72
BED-OF-13
STUDY OF DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF MACROBENTHOS IN

MANGROVES ECOSYSTEM OF KALI ESTUARY, WEST COAST INDIA KARWAR,
KARNATAKA
Vasanthkumar, B.
Post-Graduate Department of studies in Zoology,

Government Arts &Science College, Karwar- 581301, Karnataka, India
E-mail: ugc.bvk@gmail.com
The present work was mainly focused on this typical biotope for the period of thirteen
months from January 2014 to January 2015. An attempt has been made to describe the faunal
composition, distribution and abundance at different study sites of mangrove ecosystem of kali
estuary during the study period. In the present study, fourteen taxa have been identified and are
grouped as follows. Foraminifera, Coelenterata, Polychaeta, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Harpacticoida,
Cumacea, Tanaidacea, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Mysidacea, Shrimps, Decapoda and Pisces. In
macrobenthos, the polychaete (13–99/m2) and bivalvia (2–60/m2) group contributed much to the
total density of macrobenthic community at all study stations. Seasonally, this faunal community
has shown greater density during the post and pre monsoon seasons (953.9 & 1137.1/m2) but it was
very less during the South West monsoon season (850.9/m2).
Key words: Kali Estuary, Macro-Benthos, Seasonal Abundance, Faunal Distribution, Diversity
73
BED-OF-14
FUNCTIONAL TRAITS ASSEMBLY PATTERNS OF BENTHIC MACROFAUNAL

COMMUNITIES IN A SEASONAL WETLAND, KERALA
Vineetha, S. and Bijoy Nandan, S.
University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin -16, Kerala
E-mail: vineetha.s.79@gmail.com
Wetlands experience hydrofluxes (may aggravate in climate changing scenario), a major

determinant of biotic community structure. As ecosystem functioning depends on traits of the
constituent functional groups of organisms, a functional trait perspective was used to study the
benthic macro-invertebrate assemblage in a seasonal wetland; and was compared between its wet
(inundated) and dry (comparable to drought disturbance) phases. The organisms were characterized
by traits providing better resistance against droughts (drought-resistant or diapausing life-cycle
stages) and better resilience after droughts or other disturbances (small body size, multivoltinism,
asexual reproduction). On comparison of traits between phases, those related to dispersal (strong
aerial dispersal with a flying strategy), predator resistance (armoring), and locomotion (swimming)
were significantly higher in dry phase. Due to decrease in habitat availability and presence of
fragmented water patches in dry phase, the trait of stronger dispersal capacity „strong aerial dispersal
with a flying strategy‟ favored organisms to move between isolated water patches. The trait
„armoring‟, specifically the presence of cases provide protection from predators in dry phase, because
the threat of predation was more as predators could easily access shallow water patches, which
reveal that biotic interactions intensify as wetted habitat shrinks. The trait „swimming‟ was related to
the ability of organisms to move as habitat contracts, also as a survival strategy from predators. Trait
composition (ANOSIM tests) did not differ significantly among phases; as the native biota possessed
traits suitably adapted to annual hydrological transformations of wetland, a large difference in traits
between phases was not apparent.
Keywords: Functional Trait, Benthic, Macro-Invertebrate, Seasonal Wetland
74
BED-OF-15
BENTHIC MACRO-INVERTEBTATE DIVERSITY OF RIVER TAPTI
Wakambam Anand Meetei1, Kamble, S.P. 1, Vaisakh, G. 1,

Dibakar Bhakta1, Solanki, J.K. 1, and Suresh,V.R.2
1
Regional Research Centre, ICAR-CIFRI, Vadodara-390 022, Gujarat, India,
2
ICAR-CIFRI, Barrackpore-700 120, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
E-mail: anandsajao@gmail.com
Diversity of benthic macro-invertebrate community in the river Tapti is constituted by 40

species from 25 genera and 19 families. The class gastropoda with twenty one species form the main
constituent of the community explaining eighty-nine percent of macro-benthic organism. The
density of the macro-benthic organisms ranges from 50 to 844 individuals/ square meter with
maximum density observed at Nepanagar at the middle stretch of the river and the lowest density
was observed at Multai at the upper stretch. Seasonal abundance of benthic macro-invertebrate
indicates dominance during pre-monsoon season. Shannon diversity index indicated changes in the
diversity during different season and at different stretch of the river. The diversity index was found to
be highest at the lower stretch of the river during all seasons. Shannon diversity index value was
found highest at Kamrej, Gujarat with a value of 2. Evenness index was found highest in the upper
stretch at Dedtalai, Madhya Pradesh with a value of 0.945.
Keywords: Tapti River, Benthic Macro-Invertebrate, Diversity, Gastropod
75
BED-OF-16
STUDIES ON DIVERSITY OF BENTHIC MACRO INVERTEBRATES IN RELATION TO

ECOLOGY OF ARIPAL AND WATALARA STREAMS OF KASHMIR, INDIA
Zahoor Ahmad Mir, Tabasum Yousuf, Maqsooda Akhtar and Yahya Bakhtiyar
Fish Biology and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology,

University of Kashmir, Hazratbal-190006
E-mail: mirzahoor88@gmail.com
The freshwater bodies of Kashmir Himalayas such as lakes, ponds, wetlands, rivers and streams
provide an excellent opportunity for studying the diversity of benthic macro-invertebrates. Being an
important group of aquafauna, benthic macro-invertebrates play important role in energy flow,
nutrient cycling and stability of aquatic ecosystems and also act as potential bioindicators. The
present study showed that temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids (TDS), free
carbon dioxide, alkalinity and total hardness play major role in determining the diversity of benthic
macro-invertebrates. The benthic fauna were comprised of order Ephemerophtera, Tricoptera,
Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Odonata, Lepidoptera, Amphipoda, Oligocheata, Hirudina,
Gastropoda and Bivalva belonging to three phyla viz. Arthropoda, Annelida, and Mollusca. The
dominant taxa recorded in Aripal and Watalara streams were Baetis, Hydropsychidae, Glossoma,
Elmidae, Ablabesmyia, Chironomous, Gammarus and Erpodella.
Keywords: Kashmir Himalaya, Benthic Macro Invertebrates, Diversity, Streams
76
BED-OF-17
STUDIES ON MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES – FAMILY LEUCOSIIDAE

(CRUSTACEA: BRACHYURA) FROM THE EAST COAST OF INDIA
Vijayakumar, P and Babu, D.E.
Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003
E-mail: debabu939@gmail.com
The marine ecosystem is considered most diverse ecosystem dominated by benthic

communities like molluscans, crustaceans, fish etc. Scientific information is needed on the ecological
linkages to understand its processes and function because this provides the necessary shelter to
diverse and unique floral and faunal community. The group Crustacea is considered an important
link in the food chain of macro benthic fauna. The brachyuran crabs were found to be one of the
ecologically important faunal communities in the marine ecosystem. These play a significant role in
detritus formation, recycling of nutrients and directly as food organisms to predatory fish like the
eels. In the present findings, an attempt was made to investigate the species composition of crabs of
the family Leucosiidae. Sampling was done in different field stations, off shores of Bhavanapadu,
(18.5498°N, 84.2338 E), Bhimili (17.9075°N, 83.4270°E), Visakhapatnam (17.6868°N 83.2185°E),
Uppada (17.0818°N 82.3357°E), Kakinada (16.98901°N 82.2475°E), Bhirava-palem (16.7384°N
82.3116°E), Antarvedi (16.3227°N 81.7303°E), Machilipatnam (16.1905°N 81.1362E) and
Nizampatnam (15.9055° 80.6682°E) on the East Coast of India. Gut content analysis was made to
understand the feeding behavior; nematodes, molluscans and other crustaceans dominate the gut
contents of the benthic crabs. The following crabs belonging to the family Leucosiidae were
observed.
Arcania erinacea (Fabricicus 1787): Carapace globular, covered with spines. Front with 2 prominent
sharp teeth. Orbits small, eyestalk short. Around the margin of the carapace, there are 11 large
spines covered with spinules were found on the margin of carapace. Habituates on muddy bottoms
near Uppada, Kakinada, Bhiravapalem and Antarvedi.
Arcania septem spinosa (Fabricicus 1787): Carapace bluntly rhomboidal. The surface of carapace is
finely granular. The hepatic region is separated from branchial regions on either side by transverse
crease. A single sharp spine is seen on either side of carapace. The chelipeds are symmetrical and
slender, more than twice the length of the carapace in both sexes. Habituates on muddy bottoms
near Uppada, Kakinada, Bhiravapalem and Antarvedi at depths 20 -100 meters.
Arcania quinquespinosa (Alcock andAnderson,1894): Carapace is broadly conical, owing to the
bulging, obliquely backwards of the branchial regions. The fort is sharply bidentate, margins of the
carapace armed with five spines; the posterior two spines are small. The gastric and cardiac regions
are distinctly delimited by fine grooves. Usually occurs in sandy bottoms of North Andhra coast at
depths 60-150 meters.
Ixa cylindrus (Fabricicus 1777): Carapace rhomboidal with a cylindrical strong spine at the middle of
the lateral margin. Hepatic and prot-gastric regions separated by a deep longitudinal groove. Usually
habituates the sandy bottoms at 60-100 meters.
77
Myra fugax(Fabricicus 1798): Carapace rounded, globose with finely granulate dorsal surface,
chelipeds and legs long and slender. The coiour varies pale pink to pale yellow. Habituate muddy
and sandy bottoms at 30 -100 meters depth.
Keywords: Macrobenthos, Leucosiidae, Crustacea, Brachyura, East Coast
78
BED-OF-18
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROBENTHOS IN THANKASSERY FISHING

HARBOUR OF KERALA, SOUTH WEST COAST OF INDIA
Ambily K. Sukumaran and Sunil Kumar, R.
Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta,

Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
E-mail:ambilyasheraby@gmail.com
The objective of the study is to examine the community structure and species diversity of
macrobenthos in the Thankasserry fishing harbour along with environmental parameters. Duplicate
sampling was carried out during October 2013 to September 2014 from 15 sampling stations by
using VanVeen grab. Hydrological parameters such as Dissolved oxygen, Temperature, pH,
Conductivity, Phosphate, Nitrate, Sulphate, Chloride and Salinity were measured. Sedimentological
parameters such as pH, Organic carbon, Organic matter, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulphate were
determined and textural analysis was done. Polychaetes are the dominant group (69.9%) followed by
gastropods (18.13%), bivalves (11.72%) and others (0.25%). Armandia longicaudata, Ampharete
acutifrons, Bullia vittata and Paphia undulata are the dominant species. The bioindicators species
Capitella capitata was present at certain stations. Diversity indices were analyzed and the values
showed significant differences between the stations. Benthic communities are often used as
indicators in biomonitoring and the benthic fauna in relation to the ecological conditions prevailing
are very essential for assessing the ecosystem stability of the area.
Keywords: Macrobenthos, Biological Indicator, Fishing Harbour, Species Diversity, South West
Coast of India
79
BED-P-12
DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF LARVAL FORMS OF BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES OF

TWO MAJOR ESTUARIES
Hani Mohandas, P.M and Jayalakshmi, K.J
School of Ocean Science and Technology

Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Cochin, Kerala
E-mail:hani.hani.pm@gmail.com
Benthos constitutes the organisms that live in and on the floor of the aquatic ecosystem.
Almost all benthic invertebrates have planktonic larval forms in their life history. This larval form
plays a critical role in the functioning of ecosystems including estuaries. Vembanad and Ashtamudi
are the two major estuaries of Kerala. The present study aims the distribution of larval forms of
benthic invertebrates in two estuaries. Samplings were carried out from February 2018 to December
2018. Major groups represented in the samples were the larval forms of decapoda, polychaeta,
stomatopoda and molluscs. Abundance of larval forms were high during post-monsoon (10195
No/m3) season in Ashtamudi estuary followed by pre-monsoon (1259 No./m3) and monsoon (300
No./m3). Molluscan larve (88 %) constitute majority in larval forms irrespective of in Ashtamudi
estuary. In Vembanad estuary, abundance of larvae was high during monsoon (2591 No./m 3)
followed by pre-monsoon (2137 No./m3) and post-monsoon (1047 No./m3). The high abundance of
larval forms during the monsoon in Vembanad is due to an unusual incident of recent flood in
Kerala. An enormously increased number of polychaete larve (1740 No./m3) were also noticed in
the Vembanad estuary after the flood hit. The recent flood affected benthic larval forms of
Vembanad estuary. Presence of bivalves irrespective of season indicates a rich clam fishery of
Ashtamudi estuary.
Keywords: Benthos, Distribution, Estuary, Plankton
80
BED-P-13
TROPHIC STRUCTURE OF SOFT BOTTOM MACROBENTHOS IN THE TROPICAL

KUNDALIKA ESTUARY, INDIA
Heidy Q. Dias and Soniya Sukumaran
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Andheri (W), Mumbai -400053, India
E-mail: soniya@nio.org
Estuaries, being complex ecosystems, support diverse groups of macrobenthos. An insight into
the feeding modes of estuarine macro invertebrates is essential to decipher the benthic ecosystem
functioning. The trophic structure of macrobenthos in the Kundalika estuary was investigated using
the feeding guild approach based on the surveys conducted during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-
monsoon seasons. The study was aimed at characterizing the feeding guild composition of
macrobenthos along the salinity zones and its major influential environmental variables. Seventy-eight
macrobenthic taxa were identified and assigned to six distinct feeding groups: deposit feeders (DF),
filter feeders (FF), detritivores (DT), carnivores (CV), omnivores (OM) and predators/scavengers
(P/S). The abundance of feeding groups were in the sequence of OM(57%)> FF(18%)> DF(17%)>
CV(3%)>P/S(3%)>DT(2%). Non-Metric Multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plot based on average
feeding mode abundances indicated that the spatial variations were more pronounced than seasonal
differences. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) clearly demonstrated that the trophic shifts
were associated with environmental gradients wherein, the freshwater dominated upper estuary with
sandy-silt sediments was dominated by OM and the euhaline lower estuary with silty bottom was
dominated by FF and DF. The macrobenthic trophic structure appeared to be mainly directed by
salinity and sediment granulometry. No feeding group was evenly distributed in the estuary, thereby
displaying the heterogeneity of feeding modes that indicated the availability of diverse food resources.
Another factor contributing to the variation might be the bioturbation activities of organisms which
mostly govern the food distribution in estuaries and hence, future studies are required to address this
information gap.
Keywords: Trophic Structure, Macrobenthos, Feeding Guild, Salinity Zones, Kundalika Estuary,
Sediment
81
BED-P-14
SEASONAL VARIATION ON MACROBENTHIC DIVERSITY ALONG THE SOUTH EAST

COAST OF TAMIL NADU (LAT. 8.08° TO 10.79°N), INDIA
Ruban Prabakaran, J. 1, Vibin, A. 1, Ramasubburayan, R. 2, Palavesam, A2 and

Immanuel,G1
1
MNP Laboratory, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar
University, Rajakkamangalam- 629 502, Tamilnadu, India
2
Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti-627 012,
Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
E-mail: gimmas@gmail.com
The present study explores the seasonal variation (Post monsoon, monsoon and summer) on
macrobenthic diversity at different depths (0m, 10m and 30m) along the South East coast (Lat. 8.08°,
8.48°, 9.28° and 10.79°N) of Tamil Nadu, India for a period of one year (January to December 2017).
A total of 7533 macrobenthic individuals belonging to 96 families, 143 genera and 245 species were
recorded in the surficial sediment samples of selected sampling stations. The macrobenthic species
diversity H’ (4.459 to 4.890), species richness d’ (18.18 to 25.61), species evenness J’ (0.917 to 0.952)
and Simpson’s dominance λ (0.010 to 0.017) showed notable variation during the study period. The
maximum (3239 ind.) number of individuals was observed during summer season and minimum
(1846 ind.) during monsoon season. The abundance of macrobenthic organisms was remarkably
higher at 30m depth. The higher abundance of macrobenthic community was attributed to loose
texture of sediment character due to high content of sand were recorded. The multivariate, cluster
analysis showed 73.72% similarity during summer and post monsoon seasons at 0m depth. Among
the macrobenthic organisms Capitella capitata, Capitella sp. Paraprionospio pinnata, Paraprionospio sp.
Cerithidea cingulata, Meretrix meretrix and Donax sp. were the most dominant species recorded in the
selected sampling stations. In this study, abundance of polychaete species indicated that the selected
sampling stations are rich in organic matter.
Keywords: Macrobenthos, Biodiversity, Organic Matter, Seasonal Variation
82
BED-P-15
FIRST REPORT OF TWO SPECIES OF ANOPLODACTYLUS (PYCNOGONIDA:
PHOXICHILIDIIDAE) FROM THE INTERTIDAL REGION OF SOUTH ANDAMAN,
INDIA
Muthu Mohammed Naha, N., Limaangnen Pongener and Padmavati, G.
Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University,
Brookshabad Campus, Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Islands- 744112
E-mail: padma190@rediffmail.com
The Andaman and Nicobar group of islands lay in Bay of Bengal between 6°45′ N- 13°45′ N
latitude and 92°12′ E- 93°57′ E. This terra firma entertain a rich biodiversity of marine flora and
fauna. The species reported in this paper belongs to the family Phoxichilidiidae, the most abundant
genus of Phoxichilidiidae is Anoplodactylus with around 134 described species (Arango and Maxmen,
2006; Arango and Wheeler, 2007). This genus represent predominantly from shallow warm waters
(Williams, 1941), with rare records in the Antarctic and deep waters (1000 m) (Child, 1998; Arango
and Maxmen, 2006). Their body dimensions vary from 0.6 mm to 6 mm, but smaller species are also
known (Arango and Maxmen, 2006; Lucena et al., 2015). Warm- and shallow-water species tend to
be neglected due to their small size, occasional occurrence, and cryptic habits (Arango & Krapp,
2007). The studies on Pycnogonids from this island is limited. Wood Mason (1873) described the
genus and species of Rhopalorhyncus kroyeri from the specimens collected from Andamans. Carpenter
(1904) reported on Nymphon longicaudatum from the shallow waters of Gulf of Mannar and
Endiesmollis from intertidal region of Gulf of Mannar, Madras and Nicobars. Calman (1923) has also
contributed significantly on Indian pycnogonids.
Keywords: Anoplodactylus, Intertidal Region, Andaman, Pycnogonids
83
BED-P-16
ALLOMETRY AND CONDITION FACTOR OF GERRES FILAMENTOSUS CUVIER, 1829

FROM KARNATAKA COAST, INDIA
Narasimhaiah, N.1, Rajashekar, K P.1, Shivaprakash, S.M.2 and YambemTenjing, S.3

1
Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore 574 199, India
2
Department of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries, Mangalore-575002,
Karnataka, India.
3
Sagolband MeinoLeirak, Imphal- 795 001, India
E-mail: nsimhafb@gmail.com
The length-weight relationships and relative condition factor (Kn) of 2013 specimens of fish,
Gerres filamentosus from Karnataka, southwest coast of India, were studied from July 2009 to June
2011. The length-length relationships of total length and standard length were found to be highly
significant.The values of b in length-weight relationship in males (2.9275), females (2.9511) and
indeterminate G.filamentosus (2.9720) indicated isometric growth. The relation between the total
length and weight was described as Log W = -1.7405+2.9275log L for males, Log W = -1.7716 +
2.9511log L for females and Log W = -1.8343+ 2.9720log L for indeterminate fishes. The result of
length-weight relationships could be used for fishery to approve appropriate regulations for
sustainable fishery management. The present findings could also be useful for ecosystem modeling.
Keywords: Length-Weight Relationship, b Values, Condition Factor, Mangalore, Arabian Sea
84
BED-P-17
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON EPIBENTHIC HARPACTICOID COPEPODS FROM LAGOON

WATERS OF LAKSHADWEEP, INDIA
Neelima Vasu, K and Bijoy Nandan, S.
University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin -16, Kerala
E-mail:vasuneelima1@gmail.com,bijoynandan@yahoo.co.in
Current knowledge of harpacticoid copepod in Lakshadweep is still scanty. Most of the

studies have very limited taxonomic description rather than detailing the distribution, abundance
and diversity pattern of harpacticoid copepod species. Five families were noted in the present study,
Peltididae G.O.Sars,1904, Porcellidium G.O.Sars,1904, Diosaccidae G.O.Sars, 1906, Canthocamptidae
Sars, 1906 and Laophontidae T.Scott,1904 they are epibenthic habitat have not been previously
recorded from lagoon waters of Lakshadweep and that are also first records from Southwest coast of
India. In this context, a brief taxonomic notes, and complementary figures are provided for each
species recorded.
Keywords: Epibenthic Harpacticoid, Taxonomic Records, Lagoon Waters of Lakshadweep
85
BED-P-18
DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF BENTHIC POLYCHAETE FAMILIES IN

POZHIKARA ESTUARY, SOUTH WEST COAST OF INDIA
Parvathy, S., and Prabhakaran, M.P.
Department of Aquatic Environment Management

Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi – 682506, India
E-mail: parvathys27@yahoo.com
Benthic organisms form one of the important ecological components in the estuarine
ecosystem. Their abundance, distribution and diversity varies on spatial and temporal scales. In the
present study, seasonal variations in distribution and diversity of macro-benthic organisms were
studied in Pozhikara Estuary, southwest coast of India (Lat. 8 41ʼ& 8 46ʼ N and Long. 76 44ʼ& 76
48ʼ E). This is a blind estuary, having an average depth of 2.23±0.31m and joins with the Arabian Sea.
Samplings for benthos were conducted seasonally at four stations, extending from upstream region to
barmouth from April 2018 to November 2018. Environmental parameters were also recorded. Major
groups of benthic organisms observed were polychaetes, crustaceans, bivalves and gastropods.
Among these, polychaetes were the most abundant group. Different families of polychaetes such as
Nereidae, Spionidae, Eunicidae, Capitellidae were observed. During pre-monsoon, Nereidae were
the most abundant group (60.69 %), but Spionidae dominated during monsoon (66.66 %) and post
monsoon (35.38 %), During all the seasons, Capitellidae were the least abundant group. During pre-
monsoon, all Station except Station III dominated by Nereidae family, meanwhile during monsoon
Spionidae was the dominant group in all the station. During post-monsoon, at Station I only
Nereidae family was present, while at Station II & Station III Spionidae was the dominant group (63
% and 45 %), at Station IV Eunicidae (59 %) was the dominant family. This is the first study on
benthic organisms in this estuary and points out that the area is relatively undisturbed.
Keywords:Benthos, Estuary, South West Coast of India, Pozhikara
86
BED-P-19
IMPORTANCE OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA FOR

PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL AND PALAEOCLIMATIC RECONSTRUCTION STUDIES
Siva Chandiran, A., Yoganandan,V., Arun Karthik, P and Jishnu, P. A.
Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
E-mail: yoganandan1@gmail.com
Ocean covers ~70 % of the world, life begun in the ocean and now millions of organisms
living there. Also ocean is considered to be one of the oldest habitats on the earth with high
diversity. The current trends in climate science are focused on marine microorganisms to get past
climate change information which is used for future prediction. The basic concept is foraminifera
have soft parts that will be decomposed and harder part will be preserved as fossils. As we know the
forams has shorter life span and also it is sensitive to the environmental conditions. Any small
changes in the environmental condition alter the morphology of the organisms for its survival in
addition to that the extreme changes of the physical environmental condition may change species
composition. The abundance of the particular species microfossils in the marine sediment deposited
in the past will have the climate information on particular period. The recent palaeoenvironmental
and palaeoclimate studies shows that chemical composition of the micro fossils as well as stable
isotope ratio proxy are used widely to reconstruct the past climate condition. In this present study
we project various application and importance of forams which is used for palaeoclimate studies.
Keywords: Paleoclimate, Paleoenvironment, Foraminifera, Benthic, Fossilization
87
BED-P-20
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF NEMATODE FAUNA IN KOCHI

HARBOUR, WEST COAST OF INDIA
Annapurna, C and Chandra Rao, K.
Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam
E-mail: annapurna.chandrabhotla@gmail.com
Free-living marine nematodes inhabiting the Kochi Harbour, West Coast of India,were
analyzed to evaluate their usage as biological indicators. Their functional diversity was studied from
the nematode samples collected from 96 sub-tidal stations during four seasons (Post monsoon I, Pre-
monsoon, Monsoon and Post-monsoon II) in the Kochi Harbour. 19 categories of five biological
traits known to represent an important ecological function were employed. These were related to
buccal morphology, tail shape, body size, body shape and life history strategy. Data on trait
membership was provided by biological information on species and genera. Life history strategies (c-
p scaling) of nematode assemblages were examined. The composition of assemblages in terms of
biological traits was best explained by a combination of factors like temperature, salinity, dissolved
oxygen, clay, sand and organic carbon. The maturity Index (MI) based on c-p scale was calculated
to test if it may be used for the interpretation of the environmental conditions and the determination
of the ecological quality status of benthic habitats in the Kochi Harbour. Highest MI value was
found at station 9 in post-monsoon I area where the lowest circulation was recorded. A total of 51
different biological trait combinations were recorded. The results indicated a possible utilization of
MI and c–p class percentages to identify the ecological quality status of benthic environments
according to Water Framework Directive.
Keywords: Nematodes, Meiobenthos, Tropical Environment, Marine Ecology, Species Diversity
88
Lead lecture
MARINE ORNAMENTAL RESOURCES OF THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION

Ajith Kumar, T.T., Akash, S and Kuldeep K. Lal
ICAR - National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow – 226002
E-mail: ttajith87@gmail.com
India is blessed with rich marine biodiversity with high degree of endemism across four
diversity hot spot areas. Among all these regions, the lagoons and reef flats in the Lakshadweep
group of islands are the richest both in regard to number of species and their numerical abundance.
165 marine ornamental fish species were identified and reported from few selected islands of
Lakshadweep. Similarly, Andaman and Nicobar islands contributes more than 250 ornamental fish
species out of the total 1200 species identified. The marine fish diversity from the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep are reported to be the richest in Asia with 500 species of
invertebrates alone thrives in these islands. In Gulf of Mannar, 113 marine ornamental finfish
species were recorded.
Keywords: Indian Ocean, Marine Ornamental Resources
89
Lead lecture
BENTHIC DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS CONSTITUTING EXPLOITED FISHERY
M. Harikrishnan
School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue,
Cochin- 682 016, Kerala
E-mail: mahadevhari@cusat.ac.in
Among marine living resources, considerable information is available on coastal aquatic

fauna. The annual fishery resource potential of the Indian EEZ has been estimated at 4.41 million
metric tonnes, comprising of 3.82 million metric tonnes in 0-100m depth zone and 0.51 million
metric tonnes from beyond this region. The country‟s marine production rose from an average of
0.8million tonnes in 60‟s to the current production of 3.83 million tonnes in 2017. However, over the
decades, marine fisheries sector in the country has been experiencing alarmingly diminishing yields
from inshore waters. Effective fisheries resource management has become cumber some owing to
problems related to complex multi-species, multi-gear and multi-day fishing which are adversely
affected by changing climatic and oceanographic conditions. Many exploratory surveys conducted
in distant water sea have pointed to immense scope for exploitation of deep sea crustacean
resources. Considerable knowledge pertaining to qualitative and quantitative abundance of potential
fishery resources in the outer continental shelf and slope has so far been made. However,
development of deep sea fisheries has not been taken up by commercial fisheries in the country
owing to requirements of increased infrastructure facility, high operating costs, insufficiency of long
duration fishing efforts. Commercial exploitation and potential fishing grounds of deep sea prawns
have been reported in various world maritime regions. In India, pioneer commercial exploitation by
deep sea trawling was initiated during late nineties in the south west coast of India focusing mainly
on deep sea shrimps which turned out to be a landmark in the history of marine capture fisheries in
the country. Exploitation of deep sea shrimps grew from 1999 to more than 10 landing centers in
Kerala and registered peak landings more than 20,000t in 2000-2001 and dwindled considerably
during successive years. Lack of reliable database on stock characteristics of deep sea shrimps
resulted in premature collapse of such fisheries which had strongly asserted the view that industrial
exploitation needs to be supported explicitly by reliable biological and ecological data base on
fishery resources for ensuring scientific stock management. Deep sea shrimp fishing in the country
has faced problems like higher cost of operation, higher risk, higher amount of discards, low market
price and low technical skill and manpower.
Keywords: Decapod Crustaceans, Deep Sea, Marine Fisheries, Exploited Fishery
90
Lead lecture
DECADAL TRENDS OF INDIAN DEMERSAL FISHERIES
Zacharia, P.U., Najmudeen, T.M. and Livi Wilson
Demersal Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
E-mail:zachariapu@yahoo.com
Fisheries sector plays an important role in the overall socio-economic development of India.
India is one of the major fish producing countries in the world contributing over 3% of both marine
and freshwater fishes of the world production. Marine fishes, based on their depth-wise distribution
are grouped mainly as pelagic and demersal, the former occupying surface and subsurface waters
and the latter the neritic areas in the continental shelf. Demersal fishes are those fishes which can
either rest on the sea floor or which can float in the water column just above the sea floor. The
demersal fish resources of India include the elasmobranchs, eels, major perches, threadfin breams,
silverbellies, sciaenids, lizardfishes, pomfrets, bulls eye, catfishes, flatfishes, goatfish and white fish.
There is a significant contribution by the demersal fishes to the total Indian marine fish landings.
When compared to the pelagic resources, proper exploitation of the demersal finfishes in India has
been initiated since 1960-62 period. With the introduction of mechanized bottom trawling the
exploitation of demersal finfishes attained a 2.7 fold increase reaching 0.52 million tonnes in the late
eighties from 0.08million tonnes during the late fifties. In 2017, the demersal fish production of India
reached new heights with a peak annual average landing of 1 million tonne which is almost an
increase of 12.5 fold from the late fifties. The annual average landings of demersal finfishes along the
Indian coast during 2010- 2015 was accounted to 0.95 million tonnes contributing 26.32% to the
total landings. However, the catch share of demersal finfishes during the last 35 years indicates that
the contribution of demersal finfishes to the total Indian marine landings is decreasing over the
years. The maximum share was reported in 1983 with 33% contribution and the lowest share was in
1989.
Keywords: Indian Fisheries, Demersal Finfishes, Landings
91
Lead lecture
ROLES AND VARIABILITY OF MESOPELAGIC FISH
David M. Checkley, Jr.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego,La Jolla,

California 92093-0218
E-mail: dcheckley@ucsd.edu
The mesopelagic zone (200-1,000m) separates the euphotic zone from deeper, dark waters in
the global ocean and its marginal seas. Mesopelagic fish have an estimated biomass of 2-20 Gt and
are presently unexploited. Ecosystem services provided by mesopelagic fish include their trophic
roles in food webs, their contribution to biological diversity, their mediation of part of the vertical
flux of carbon and their potential as a fishery resource. Mesopelagic fish vary in abundance in time
and space and with the environment. They are thus potentially susceptible to the effects of climate
change, including warming and deoxygenation, in addition to fishing. The mesopelagic, including
its fish, merits increased attention in order to provide the understanding needed to inform relevant
decisions in management and policy.
Keywords: Mesopelagic, Fish, Carbon, Fisheries, Ecosystem Services
92
Lead lecture
IMPACTS OF MARINE LITTER ON COASTAL AND MARINE BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS
Kripa, V.
Fishery Environment Management Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute,

PB No 1603, Ernakulam-682018
E-mail:vasantkripa@gmail.com
Marine litter has been identified as one of the greatest threats to sustainability of aquatic
ecosystems. The litter in the coastal and marine habitat can be those transported from the intertidal
zone, terrestrial region through tidal waters, storm-water, wind, sewage and rivers, or it can be
those directly deposited on the beaches or dumped into the aquatic systems by human interactions.
About 50% of plastic marine litter is composed of low-density polymers like polyethene - PE
and polypropylene – PP which readily sinks and reaches the benthic ecosystem where it can be
trapped in hard rocky structures. Different items like plastic, rubber, glass, metal and other non-
biodegradable items contribute to marine debris and UNEP has provided a code for categorizing
each of these items. The dominant litter in each area differs, but in most areas, plastic has been
found to be the major litter. The tiny micro-plastics have spread into different benthic realms of the
coastal and marine eco-systems and in some locations even very high concentrations are observed.
The impacts of marine litter on the benthic ecology and on the marine fauna are discussed briefly.
Keywords:Marine Litter, Coastal Marine Habitats, Marine Pollution
93
Lead lecture
BENTHIC ORGANISMS AS SENTINEL SPECIES FOR
MARINE ECOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES
Mohan, D.
Former Scientist F, National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR),Ministry of Earth Sciences
E-mail: mohanicmam@gmail.com
Marine ecology focuses on interactions between marine organisms, distribution, their

abundance, functioning of biological populations and communities, and the processes that affect
these parameters. Marine ecology and toxicology have shown similar developmental patterns over
time. Marine ecotoxicology have more realism in tests, test species and exposures (e.g., single-
species testing for screening purposes), is required for predicting natural effects and for site-speciﬁc
assessments. In general, the domain of marine ecotoxicology includes understanding the types of
effects caused by chemicals, the biochemical and physiological processes responsible for those
effects, the relative sensitivities of different organisms to chemical exposures, and equally the relative
toxicities of different chemicals. The importance of marine ecotoxicology is demonstrated in
sediments which are very highly contaminated with chemicals like heavy metals. Marine Ecology
can be incorporated into toxicology either separately, e.g., providing information on pre-selected test
species or intrinsically (e.g., as part of test species selection). Interestingly, for determining the
Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) which is necessary for risk characterization.
Ecotoxicology must involve both observation as well as experimentation. However, benthic studies
indicated that apparently healthy if not overly abundant communities existed in these sediments,
including amphipods. Observations provide a basis for determination, explanations or hypotheses;
they also provide new information for hypothesis testing. General guidelines for acute and chronic
testing and criteria for species selection differ for ecotoxicology and environmental toxicology are
outlined. Moreover, the use of bioindicator organisms particularly marine invertebrates for
biomonitoring of heavy metal toxicity and their ecological effects may fulfill the following criteria:
sensitivity to a wide range of chemicals, cost-effectiveness for repeatable tests, readily interpretable
biological consequences of pollution. Further, an overall framework is proposed based on Ecological
Risk Assessment (ERA), for combining ecology and toxicology.
Keywords: Ecology; Marine Ecotoxicology; Sediments; Ecological Risk assessment; Ecological

Indices, Predicted No Effect Concentration
94
PES-O-01
NEMATODE MATURITY INDEX AS A PROXY: A CRITICAL INTERPRETATION OF

TEMPERATE ECOLOGICAL QUALITY STATUS (ECOQS) FOR TROPICAL
ECOSYSTEMS
Kapuli Gani Mohamed Thameemul Ansari1,2, Lyla, P.S. 1 and Ajmal Khan, S. 1
1
Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University,
Parangipettai – 608502, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Now at: Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological
Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur – 741246, West
Bengal, India
E-mail: kgmt.ansari@gmail.com
Recent environmental and climate related impacts are global concern and increasing rapidly,
in particular coastal and marine ecosystems. Coastal ecosystems are facing multitude of
anthropogenic stressors, which affects entire biodiversity including mankind, despite this ecosystem
services are still uncertain. Nematodes as bioindicators of physical and anthropogenic disturbances
are extensive, however this is limited to certain geographical regions. One such tool is nematode life
history strategies based maturity index (MI), which is widely used for ecosystem impact assessments.
Present study, two major questions were addressed (1) does nematode life strategies based MI can be
a proxy for environmental disturbances? and (2) can temperate ecosystems based MI sensitivity
measures help to detect impact on tropical ecosystems? Two different ecosystems (estuarine and
continental shelf) of Bay of Bengal have been selected to test these questions. Results revealed that
nematodes are well adopted with various kinds of disturbances; however estuarine nematode MI
score had lesser recovery rate than continental shelf. A critical interpretation explains estuarine
environment has been regularly disturbed by different factors (tidal flux, sewage, mangroves), which
pronounce large amount of organic load. Overall continental shelf revealed moderate to high EcoQS
while estuary showed moderate to good EcoQS. Our preliminary interpretations express that
nematodes represent a highly informative assemblage for coastal ecosystem assessment.
Nevertheless, it is needs to be validated with different disturbances and coastal ecosystems of
tropical regions. This integrative EcoQS using nematode assemblage may lead to identify the
environmental and ecosystem stability and degradation levels, which ultimately direct to the
livelihood.
Keywords: Nematodes, Maturity Index, Colonizers-Persisters Score, Ecological Quality Status,

Disturbances, Ecosystem
95
PES-O-02
BENTHIC INDICES AND ECOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THREE TROPICAL FINE SAND

COMMUNITY, SOUTH ANDAMAN, INDIA
Jawed Equbal, Raj Kiran Lakra, Savurirajan, M., Kunal Satyam and Ganesh Thiruchitrambalam
Port Blair, Andaman Islands. 744112, India
E-mail: bangedarkhudi@gmail.com
Understanding the suitability and performances of marine biotic indices into intertidal sandy
habitats necessitates coastal health assessment and management purposes. So far, the application of
biotic indices, have served this purpose, is limited to shallow and estuarine environments. This study
applies five macrozoobenthos-based biotic indices in the intertidal habitats to assess the ecological
quality status of benthic community. These fine sand communities were sampled bimonthly in three
intertidal habitats (variously disturbed beach and sand flats) along the Port Blair coastline (south
Andaman) for two years (June 2013–April 2015). The results showed that, the faunal composition
belonged to moderately well sorted fine sand biocenosis characterized by high species richness (avr.
17.7±7.3 taxa sample–1) and moderate abundance (488±203 ind. m-2) which suggested highly
diversified communities. The urban proximity areas (Aberdeen bay and Carbyn‟s cove)
corresponded to disturbed benthic communities of dominant tolerant/opportunistic Malacoceros
indicus and Scolelepis squamata species (EG3), while sensitive Urothoe sp. 1 (EG1) was associated with
the least disturbed Wandoor marine national park. The good and high quality statuses prevailed
across the spatial and temporal scale as revealed by all the benthic indices (AMBI, M-AMBI, BOPA
and ITI) except H'log2. Nevertheless, the effect of pollution was observed and the quality statuses
revealed a gradient of organic matter input. This attempt should be considered first step towards
more comprehensive and robust measure of quality assessment and evaluation of the impact of
human pressures on sandy beaches across the island‟s archipelago.
Keywords: Sandy Environment, Benthic Community, Biotic Indices, Health Assessment
96
PES-O-03
FIRST REPORT ON AN UNUSUAL BLOOM OF BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATE

PROROCENTRUM LIMA (EHRENBERG) STEIN FROM BANGARAM LAGOON OF
LAKSHADWEEP ARCHIPELAGO: ARABIAN SEA
Lathika Cicily Thomas, Bijoy Nandan, S. and Padmakumar, K. B.
University of Science and Technology, Kochi-16, Kerala
E-mail: lathikacicily@gmail.com
Benthic dinoflagellates contribute significantly towards the primary production and thereby
the sustenance of the shallow marine environments. Nonetheless a dozen of them are identified to be
potentially toxic or harmful species posing serious threat to the ecosystems. The paper describes
about an extensive bloom of dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima for the first time from the eastern
Arabian sea. The toxic, epiphytic dinoflagellate was observed as an intense bloom in the Bangaram
lagoon of Lakshadweep archipelago. P. lima inhabiting shallow marine environment exist in
planktonic and benthic habitats. In benthic habitat the species attaches to macro algal surfaces
following epiphytic mode of life. The cells P. lima were observed in mucilaginous aggregations with
macroalgal debris and filaments of cyanobacteria, Trichodesmium erythraeum. The bloom area was
devoid of other microalgal species and the P. lima was also observed to be attached to fresh
macroalgal thallus along the nearshore areas. The observations suggest that the debris of macroalgae
washed into the water column act as a substrate for the transportation of P. lima towards the water
column. Moreover stable waters with high surface temperature and salinity favoured the bloom of P.
lima in the Bangaram lagoon during spring inter monsoon season. Coral reef ecosystems along the
Indian margin are least surveyed regarding the prevalence of harmful or toxic species and most of
the HAB events in these systems remain overlooked. Routine monitoring and meticulous bloom
physiology studies can bring insights into the prevalence of HABs and prediction of such events in
these diverse ecosystems.
Keywords: Benthic Dinoflagellate, Toxic Algal Blooms, Prorocentrum lima, Lakshadweep Sea,
Arabian Sea
97
PES-O-04
CORAL BORING SPONGE CLIONA THOMASI:

A NEW THREAT TO INDIAN CORAL REEF
Mote, S.G and Ingole, B.S.
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India
E-mail:baban.ingole@gmail.com
Clionid sponges are known to be one of the aggressive and destructive bio-eroder in coral
reef ecosystem. In recent decade as corals are dealing with acute stresses, arising trend in bioeroding
sponge mediated coral damage has been observed from different reefs around the world. However,
very little is known about the Clionid sponge induced coral damage from Indian reefs. The present
study assesses the distribution and extent of coral damage by the newly described coral invading
Clinoid sponge Cliona thomasi in the Malvan Marine Sanctuary (MMS), West Coast of India.
Benthic surveys revealed that the prevalence of sponge encrustation on living stony coral increased
27.42% over a year time (April 2016-March 2017), which also coincided with the recent coral
bleaching event and subsequent coral mortality. Thus, it indicates that C. thomasi may take
advantage of coral bleaching, and mortality. Among the stony coral species C. thomasi showed
inclination for encrustation to laminar and plate forming coral Turbinaria mesenterina and massive
coral Favites spp., and Porites spp. We noted that C. thomasi abundance were higher on the deeper
sites in response to a higher availability of coral substratum and lower macro algal coverage.
Therefore, the C. thomasi could be emerged as a superior competitor in the disturbed reef habitat like
the MMS, resultant more coral destruction through bioerosion. Ultimately may lead to community
shift in this reef habitat.
Keywords: Coral, Sponge, Bioerosion, Cliona thomasi, Malvan, India
98
PES-O-05
ECOLOGICAL EFFECT OF MULTIPLE STRESSORS ON A TROPICAL CORAL REEF
Kalyan De1,2, Sambhaji Mote2, Ravail Singh2 and Baban Ingole2

1
Department of Marine Science, Goa University, Goa, India.
2
Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India.
E-mail: Kalyan De (kalyandeaqua@gmail.com), Sambhaji Mote (sambhajimote41@gmail.com),

Ravail Singh (ravail@nio.org), Baban Ingole (baban.ingole@gmail.com)
Coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on the planet. However,
rapid global environmental changes along with chronic human stressors have been seriously
degraded tropical coral reefs across the globe. Therefore, to determine the impact of multiple
stressors on reef community, we monitored live coral cover, coral bleaching severity, algal growth
(turf and macroalgae), and abundance of coral boring sponges in the Malvan Marine Sanctuary
(MMS), Maharashtra. Underwater monitoring was conducted at four locations by SCUBA diving
during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons from November 2014 to December 2017. Our
results showed that pH was ranged from 8.03 to 8.18 in pre-monsoon seasons and 7.76 to 8.13
during post-monsoon seasons while average temperature ranged between 23.330C to 31.470C, and
average SPM value ranged from 22.01 mg/l to 42.80 mg/l during the study period. Furthermore,
physical damage to corals by recreational activity has also been observed. Additionally, we noticed
occurrence of coral diseases like skeletal tissue anomalies, trematodiasis, white syndrome, and tissue
necrosis. During this study, we observed coral bleaching events. Bleaching severity was increased
from 15% in November 2014 to 80% during December, 2015, causing coral mortality followed by
increased cover algal coverage and sponge infestation. Boring sponges of Clionaidae family were
spreading at an average rate of 5-7 mm month-1 on the live corals and total area coverage varies
between 0.94% to 11.08% among the transects. Among the hardcorals, Turbinaria mesenterina was
found to be susceptible to sponges infestation. Evidence from this study indicates that coral reef in
the MMS under severe stress and is gradually shifting from coral dominated state towards algae and
sponge dominance. This deteriorating state would affect the economy and livelihood of this region
as the locals largely depends on these reefs both for fishing and tourism.
Key words: Coral Reef, Stressors, Algae, Boring Sponge, Phase Shift.
99
PES-O-06
POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON CAUSES IMMUNE GENE MODULATION IN

PENAEUS MONODON POST LARVAE
Vrinda, S. and Anas Abdulaziz
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin
E-mail: anas@nio.org
Coastal pollution is a major problem which affects both human and aquatic animal health.
There are different types of pollutants, whose impact also varies on different ecosystems. Animals
living in benthic ecosystems are more susceptible to many pollutants which can accumulate in
sediments. In the present study, we discuss the immune gene modulation caused by PAH chrysene
in post larvae (PL-25) of Penaeus monodon.The toxicity of PAHs in living organisms is manifested by
irreversibly binding to lipophilic sites in the cell and slow penetration through cell walls, disrupting
cellular processes. The PL-25 of P. monodon were administered feed coated with increasing
concentrations (1000, 2000 and 3000 ng /g) of chrysene for 10 days and immune gene expressions
were studied on 7th, 11th and 15th day. At the molecular level, the higher concentration of chrysene
induced down regulation of immune (ProPO and crustin) gene on the 7th day of exposure and
continued down regulation of ProPO and crustin were observed till 10th day. The results of the
present study indicate that the nano-gram levels of PAH can impinge the immune system of P.
monodon, making it vulnerable to diseases. This may have large impacts on recruitment and
eventually on adult populations in polluted ecosystems.
Keywords: PAH, Pollution, Gene Expression, Prophenoloxidase, Crustin, Penaeus monodon.
100
PES-O-07
SALINITY INFLUENCES THE BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF

TRACHINOTUS BLOCHIITO SELENIUM
Gopi Narayanan1, Sivakumar Shanthini2 and Vaseeharan Baskaralingam1

1
Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal
Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block,
6th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi-630004,Tamil Nadu, India
2
Centre for Animal Science Research and Extension Service, Foundation for Innovative Research in
Science and Technology, Kelavannanvilai, NGO Colony road, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India
E-mail: vaseeharanb@gmail.com
Salinity shifts in estuarine and coastal area are becoming a major topic of concern and one of
the main factors for affecting metal bioavailability and stress on marine organisms. Selenium is an
essential trace metal element, but many aspects of its toxicity remain unclear, particularly in the
marine environment.Physiological and biochemical related biomarkers are a great interest due to
their responses to environmental stressor which provide valuable data for biological monitoring in
marine pollution. Hence, we studied the effects of different salinity levels (5, 15 and 35 psu) on the
response of the silver pompano Trachinotus blochii is exposed to different concentrations of selenium
(0, 5-100 µg/l) for 96 hours. Survival rates, accumulation of Se in different tissues were monitored.
Biochemical and physiological analysis were performed to assess the antioxidant enzymes (SOD,
CAT), scavengers (GSH) and oxidative stress (LPO) effect in gill and liver tissues and neurotoxicity
(AchE) responses in brain tissue were investigated. Selenium exposure result clearly showed that
alteration of antioxidant enzymes and induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity; salinity mitigated
the harmful effects. Salinity acted as a strong protective factor, with the increased oxidative damage
(LPO), neurotoxicity (AchE) in low salinity (5 psu), and the least in 100 % sea water (35 psu). We
applied an overall index, an integrated biomarker response (IBR), which increased under high
selenium condition but recovered to the normal levels under high salinity treatment. Our results
confirm that exposure of sublethal concentrations of waterborne selenium is an alteration of
biochemical and physiological responses in fish, and highlight the important protective role of higher
salinities ameliorating selenium toxicity associated with enhancing biochemical and physiological
response in this model estuarine teleost.
Keywords: Selenium, Salinity, Trachinotus blochii, Oxidative Stress, Neurotoxicity, IBR
101
PES-O-08
IMPACT OF CAGE FISH FARMING (SEA BASS, LATES CALCARIFER) ON WATER

QUALITY AND MACROBENTHIC FAUNA IN A CULTURE SITE AT CHETTUVA
Sunithakumari, K.1,2, Smina, M. S. 1,2, Priya, N. P. 1,2, Ajithkumar, P.B.1,2 and Shoji Joseph1
1
ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research institute, Post Box No.1603, Ernakulam North P.O.,
Kochi- 682 018, Kerala, India
2
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin University Road, South Kalamassery,
Kalamassery, Kochi, Kerala 682022
E-mail: sunithasreevilasam@gmail.com
Cage aquaculture means growing fishes in the natural water resources while being enclosed
in net cages which allow free flow of water. The new cage design and efforts of CMFRI during last
decade has considerably boomed the cage fish farming in Kerala especially in Ernakulum, Thrissur
and Alleppey districts. In cage farming fishes are growing almost in the same place where cages are
moored over a period of eight months with ad-libitum feeding. Therefore, the nutrients and organic
loads from feed waste, fish excreta, fecal matters etc. that discharged from the cages to the
surrounding environments increases the organic loads in the bottom. This becomes congenial for the
growth of benthos in these areas. The study was conducted to investigate the progressive effects of
nutrients from fishes cultured in cages on water quality, bottom characters and macrobenthos
diversity in Chettuva, Thrissur District (N10030.468‟ E076002.511+ 4m). Samples were collected
initially (before stocking the fishes) and further monthly (after stocking the fishes) from inside and
upstream of the cage for a period of one year. Sediments were collected using a Van Veer Grab and
after the removal of macrobenthos it was dried to analyse organic carbon. Benthos collected and
identified include mainly bivalves, gastropodes, foraminiferans, crustaceans and polychaetes.
Sediment collected from the cage was muddy and dark but it was found sandy from the outside cage
area. The organic carbon in the sediment collected from the inside cage was higher (1.732 + 0.82 %)
than the outside (0.545 + 0.495 %). The water quality parameters viz. nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate
and ammonia between the cage and outside water did not show significant variation. The
observations revealed that farming activities are affecting the bottom characters and which enhanced
the growth of benthic communities.
Keywords: Cage Aquaculture, Sea Bass, Macrobenthos, Water quality, Chettuva
102
PES-O-09
INDICATIONS OF ENHANCED POLLUTION IN

A TROPICAL COASTAL WETLAND, INDIA
Regina Hershey, N1, 2 and Bijoy Nandan, S.2

1
Dept. of Zoology, N.S.S Hindu College, Changanassery-686 102, India
2
Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-16, India
E-mail: mail2reginahershey@gmail.com
Benthic C, N concentration, its sources and macro benthic groups were analysed in the
Cochin estuarine system during February 2014 to January 2015. C: N ratio of the estuarine sediment
ranged from 8.38 to 12.42. A strong positive correlation exist between total nitrogen and organic
carbon (r = 0.941, ρ = 0.01), suggesting the association of total nitrogen with organic carbon and can
be considered as a measure of organic nitrogen in the system. δ13C signatures (-21.49 to -26.39‰)
indicated that the major source of carbon was terrestrial origin (C3 plants) in the inner estuary and
marine phytoplankton in the outer estuary. While δ 15N signatures (4.89 to 7.84‰) indicate
enriched nitrogen exposure along the estuarine complex possibly due to accelerated sewage
discharges/ fertilizer inputs. Numerical abundance of macro benthos during the study was 1,57,721
ind./m2. Polychaetes (60,811 ind./m2) were the most dominant group followed by oligochaetes
(46,688 ind./m2). Among polychaetes, Capitella sp. was the major contributor, while Tubifex sp.
dominated among oligochaetes. Occurrence and dominance of these species indicates higher rates of
pollution in the study area and compliments stable isotopic δ 15N signatures.
Key words: Macrobenthos, δ 13C, δ 15 N
103
PES-O-10
ELECTRO-BIOREMEDIATION FOR HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC WATER

CONTAMINANT
Anu Theresia, M.
Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences
E-mail: anutheresia10@gmail.com
The concentration of Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), such as Perfluorooctane sulfonate

(PFOS), Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), Perfluorononanoate (PFNA), Perfluorohexane sulfonate
(PFHS) and Perfluorooctane sulphonamide (PFOSA) in sediments; benthic organisms, including
lugworm, mussel, crab, clam, oyster and mud skipper fish from tidal flat; and shallow water species,
such as filefish, bream, flounder, shark, finless porpoise, gull and mallard contain PFCs with mean
concentrations of 375,301,and 278 ng/g wet wt. PFOS and PFOA were detected in most of the
samples analyzed. This implies that the aqueous phase is a major sink for PFCs, which is different
from what was observed for non-polar organic pollutants. While PFOS concentrations showed large
variation among individuals, elevated concentrations in higher trophic level organisms suggest the
biomagnifications of this compound through the marine food chain. These are the micro pollutants
that even in very low concentrations can harm the environment. It ends up in the waste water and is
transported to sewage treatment plant. But most sewage treatment plant do not eliminate PFC
contaminants. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in employing electro-
bioremediation, a hybrid technology of bioremediation and electro-kinetics for the treatment of
water contaminated with hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC). Present electro-bioremediation
approaches however mainly aim at pollutant extraction through transport over large distances and
tend to neglect both the impact of direct current (DC) on organism–water interactions and
microscale HOC release rates.As we overviewed the working of electro bioremediation this
technique can inserted in the membrane and also membrane containing granular activated carbon
which has the greater capacity of the targeted compounds can be used in sewage waste water
treatment. Through which the PFC contaminants can be separated before discharging the water to
benthos and collected PFC contaminant can used as alternative purpose like modifying it as a fuel.
Keywords: Electro Bioremediation, Activated Carbon, Bio-Magnification, Electro- Kinetics,

Hydrophobic Organic Compound
104
PES-P-01
CONTRASTING MICROBIOME STRUCTURE OF POLYCHAETE PRIONOSPIO SP FROM

ESTUARY AND THE ARABIAN SEA
Jasmin, C., BaluTharakan, Nikitha Linda, Vrinda, S., Abdul Jaleel, K.U. and
Abdulaziz Anas
Polychaetes are an important group of organisms in the benthic ecosystems which plays a
significant role as intermediate consumers in the pelagic as well as benthic food chains of aquatic
ecosystems. As benthic organisms, they are most susceptible to pollutants which accumulate in the
surficial sediments. They are well studied as bioindicators of pollution in various ecosystems owing
to their abilities to survive in such ecosystems. Taken information from host-microbe interaction
studies of other organisms extending from sponges to humans, it is hypothesized that microbiome
could play a role in the ecological significance of polychaete. To evaluate this hypothesis, we
collected the polychaete Prionospio sp which is a deposit feeder from the polluted region of Cochin
Estuary and Cochin transect of the Arabian Sea (30 m depth station). Prionospio sp was identified
based on the morphological characteristics. Further, the microbiome of the Prionospio sp was studied
using next-generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technique. The Prionospio sp isolated from
CE as well as Arabian Sea was dominated by Gamma proteobacteria but the microbiome of
Prionospio sp from the Arabian Sea was more diverse and composed of significant fractions of
alphaproteobacteria and delta proteobacteria, and also cyanobacteria, actinobacteria, acidobacteria,
Chloroflexi etc. The study indicates that the microbiome of Prionospio sp isolated from CE is less
diverse, which could be attributed to the higher levels of heavy metal pollution. The study indicates
that the environmental conditions influence the microbiome of polychaetes Prionospio sp. However,
further metatranscriptome based studies may be required to understand the specific role played by
microbiome in pollution resistance of these organisms.
Keywords: Polychaete, Microbiome, Pollution
105
PES-P-02
HUMORAL RESPONSES OF ZINC INDUCED TOXICITY ON ORANGE CHROMIDAE

(ETROPLUS MACULATUS, BLOCH, 1795)
Archana Devi, T1 and Bijoy Nandan, S2

1
Centre for Marine Sciences and Technology, M.S. University, Rajakkamangalam, Tirunelveli,
Tamil Nadu
2
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences,
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin 682016, Kerala, India
E-mail: bijoynandan@yahoo.co.in
Pollution is the largest environmental cause of disease and death in the world today,
responsible for an estimated 9 million premature deaths and for decades, its harmful effects on
people‟s health, the environment, and the planet have been neglected both by Governments and the
international development agenda. The contamination of the aquatic systems with heavy metals has
become a global problem. Although Zn is an essential metal for all living organisms, toxicity effects
will occur during exposure to elevated concentrations. Acute tests were derived from definitive tests
at different concentrations for zinc, followed by static renewal bioassay. Subsequently LC50 values
for 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 96 hours exposures for zinc was determined by Probit method.
The acute toxicity for zinc (96 hour) was 12.4 mg/l. The chronic toxicity (sublethal) concentrations
chosen are 2.48mg/l for 1/5th (higher), 1.24mg/l for 1/10th (medium) and 0.826mg/l for 1/15th
(lower) of 96-hour LC50 for zinc. The blood samples of fish exposed to three sub-lethal zinc
concentrations on 7th, 14th and 28th days of exposure and control medium, were analysed. The
haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV),
mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
(MCHC) were reduced (p > 0.0001) in zinc exposed fish compared to the control whereas the
leucocyte (WBC) count increased (p < 0.0001) with dose and duration. Immature RBCs,
leucocytosis, hypoxia, hypochromia, and crenation were observed in highest nominal concentrations
and last exposures. The plasma LDH and cortisol were increased as compared to control. The
results suggest that these biomarkers are useful for assessing the impact of metal pollution in the
aquatic environments and thus effective management strategies are to be evolved and implemented
to protect our water bodies and aquatic organisms from the arms of these heavy metal pollution and
its toxic effects.
Keywords: Zinc, Humoral Changes, Etroplus maculatus, Hypoxia, Haematocrit
106
PES-P-03
HEAVY METAL POLLUTION AND SOFT BOTTOM MACROBENTHIC ASSEMBLAGES

IN THE COCHIN ESTUARY
Abdul Jaleel K. U1., Shini Shaji2 and Gireeshkumar, T.R.1

1
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi-682018, Kerala, India
2
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences,
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682016, Kerala, India
E-mail:shinishajitsr@gmail.com
Benthic invertebrates have limited mobility and could not escape the stressed environment.
Since they reflect the prevailing environmental conditions, they are considered as indicators of
ecosystem health. In the present study an attempt was made to characterise the community structure
and distribution pattern of macrofauna in relation to environmental parameters and heavy metal
pollution from the selected locations of Cochin Estuary. The study revealed that the mean density of
macrofauna in the study area was 3948±3705ind.m-2 while mean biomass was 128.06±209.74g.m-2.
A total of 37 polychaete species belonging to 13 families were represented in the study area. A total
of 11 heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, Cr, V and As) were detected in water and
sediment samples. The concentration of iron was found to be more in both of these samples. Next to
iron, zinc and copper were found in higher concentration in water samples whereas lead and zinc in
sediment samples. Generally, the macrobenthic diversity (H‟and d) was moderate in the study area
and not showed any direct relationship with heavy metal concentration in sediments whereas species
evenness showed a negative relationship with heavy metal concentration. However, the
aforementioned parameters showed a positive relationship with low concentration of heavy metals
in water. The heavy metal concentration in organisms studied at a selected site revealed
bioaccumulation of zinc and cadmium (Bioaccumulation Factor 2.08 and 1.39 respectively) in them.
Metal concentration detected in both organism and water sample followed the order Fe > Zn > Cu.
Further studies needs to be conducted in a spatio-temporal scale with more biological samples to
evaluate the impact of heavy metal pollution on benthic community and also the cascading effect of
bioaccumulation in different trophic levels in the Cochin Estuary.
Keywords: Cochin Estuary, Macrofauna, Diversity, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Pollution
107
PES-P-04
SOIL FERTILITY AND ABUNDANCE OF POLYCHAETES: A COMPARATIVE

ANALYSIS OF THREE DIFFERENTLY POLLUTED REGIONS IN THE MANGROVE
ECOSYSTEM OF KERALA
Jithin, K1., Geeji, M.T1., Dinesh, K1. and Rinu Madhu Puthusseri2
1
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad P.O., Kochi- 682 506
2
Dept. of Biotechnology, CUSAT, Kochi- 682 022
E-mail: jithinkothalil@gmail.com
This paper documents the levels of selected metals and nutrients in the sediments of different
locations of mangrove ecosystem in relation to the abundance of polychaetes. Samples were taken
from three differently polluted locations of Kerala for analysis of polychaete and nutrient status. The
abundance of polychaetes was analysed using sieve method of soil sample. The selected elements
viz. Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, Mg and Mn were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy after
digestion of the soil samples. Concentrations of elements were comparatively higher in mangroves
areas in Pazhayanghadi region of Kannur District (12.026 N 75.273˚ E) have higher pollution rate
and nutrient load with average polychaete abundance. Ayiramthenghu (9.12 N 76.47˚E) mangrove
forests of Kollam District have less concentration of elements and pollution with below detectable
level of Cu and have less abundance of polychaetes. Mangrove ecosystem in Vembanad lake (9.91 ˚N
76.31 E) situated in Kumbalam of Ernakulam District has optimum concentration of all elements
with moderate level of pollution had more abundance of polychaetes. The digested polychaete
samples had comparatively higher levels of Zn and Fe compared to other minerals. The study
concludes that the areas with optimum level of nutrient load have more abundance of polychaetes.
So, the abundance of polychaete can be directly linked to the soil fertility of given locations. The
polychaetes can actively absorb these metals and it can also help to detect the heavy metal load in
polluted environment.
Keywords: Nutrients, Sediments, Polychaetes, Pollution, Optimum, Abundance
108
PES-P-05
LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANE STABILITY TEST (LMST), AN EFFECTIVE BIOMARKER TO

STUDY LEAD TOXICITY ON BLACK CLAM, VILLORITA CYPRINOIDES
Neethu, K.V, Don Xavier, N.D. and Bijoy Nandan, S.
E-mail:neethukv457@gmail.com
The present study evaluated the toxicity responses of heavy metal lead (Pb) on the black
clam, Villorita cyprinoides. The 96h effective median lethal concentration (LC50) for Pb was 12.08 mg
L-1 at 95% confidence level. The NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and LOEC (lowest
Observed Effect Concentration) were 0.46 mg L-1 and 0.83 mg L-1 respectively. The chronic toxicity
value for Pb was 0.64 mg L-1. Lysosomal membrane stability test for clams exposed to sub lethal
concentrations of Pb was carried out using neutral red retention assay (NRR assay). In clams from
the unexposed group, there was almost no loss of dye from the lysosome to the cytosol for the entire
duration of the assay. The neutral red retention time (NRRT) for the control group was120 minutes
and for higher Pb concentration it was 15 minutes. Intact lysosomes were observed in control cells
throughout the experiment. At NOEC and LOEC lysosomes showed enlargement and at higher
concentration of Pb fragmented lysosomes were observed. From this study it is concluded that
lysosomal membrane stability test using NRR assay can be used as an effective cellular biomarker
for heavy metal toxicity in sentinel bivalves.
Key words: Lead, Villorita cyprinoides, Lysosomal Membrane Stability
109
PES-P-06
IMMEDIATE IMPACTS OF THE ONCE- IN-HUNDRED YEAR FLOOD EVENT ON

MACROFAUNAL COMMUNITIES IN THE VEMBANAD LAKE
Nikitha S. Linda, Abdul Jaleel, K. U., Jithin,V. and Anas Abdulaziz
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre – Kochi-18
E-mail:nikithalinda73@gmail.com, nlinda@nio.org
Benthic organisms form an integral part of any aquatic ecosystem and play pivotal roles in
food web and remineralization of organic matter. The Vembanad Lake (VL) is an ecologically
sensitive ecosystem and a drainage basin for 7 rivers, including the Periyar. The lake received 1.63
billion cubic meters of water during the severe flood event of August 2018, which is approximately
2.5 times its carrying capacity. As part of the joint Indo-UK project on “Rehabilitation of Vibrio-
infested waters of Vembanad Lake: Pollution and solution” (REVIVAL), we have been monitoring
the VL at 20 days interval since April 2018. Thirteen sites from Cochin barmouth to North Kainagiri
were covered in each survey during pre-flood (April-July), flood (August) and post-flood (September-
December) phase to understand its impact on macrofaunal standing stock and composition in the
Vembanad Lake ecosystem. Mean density of macrofauna in the study area was found to be 9356
ind.m-2, 2615 ind.m-2 and 4614 ind.m-2 and the mean biomass was 276.12 gm-2, 76.03 gm-2 and
318.13 gm-2 during pre-flood, flood and post-flood conditions respectively. Polychaetes dominated in
the study area followed by molluscs, their mean density decreased during the flood and gradually
increased towards post-flood which is the evidence of recolonization of macrofauna. Crustacean
density showed further decrease during the post flood phase in contrast to polychaetes and molluscs.
This study revealed that the flood had a catastrophic impact on macrofaunal composition which is
evident from their low standing stock (72% decrease) during the flood. This may be due to the
increased water velocity, suspended sediment load and drastic decline in salinity which might have
caused physiological stress to the organism, habitat loss and relocation of the resident fauna.
Continuous monitoring of the benthic habitats and the resident fauna will shed more light into the
long term recovery of estuarine communities from such a devastating episodic event and also to
distinguish its impacts from the normal cyclic events associated with summer monsoon.
Keywords: Vembanad Lake, Monsoon Flood, Macrobenthic Fauna, Standing Stock
110
PES-P-07
UNDERSTANDING BENTHIC BIOTURBATION AS AN IMPORTANT ECOSYSTEM

SERVICE ALONG GULF OF KACHCHH, GUJARAT, WESTERN INDIA
Pandya, P.J. andGoswai, M.S.
Department of Biology, Shri R. R. Lalan College, Bhuj (Kachchh- Gujarat)
E.mail: pranavpandya1@yahoo.com
Benthic communities play a key role in the functioning of coastal ecosystems and provide
ecological services through bioturbation activities. Present study was carried out at Gulf of Kachchh,
mainly along Kachchh coast to understand how benthic distribution is affected by sediment zonation
as well as species specific bioturbatory patterns. Ecosystem services of important bioturbatory
species were identified and classified based on their active or passive mode of bioturbation.
Correlation analysis was carried out to identify the major driver. Effect of bioturbation on sediment
parameters and microhabitat modifications were studied and correlation analyses were used to
quantify the relation between sediment variables and functional groups, and to explore whether the
sediment reworking rates were significantly and positively associated with sediment physical
properties or chemical properties. The intensity and depth to which bioturbation occurring in the
sediment column are highly species and site specific, reflecting the behaviors of diverse assemblages
of benthic organisms and their interactions with the physical environment.
Keywords: Gulf of Kachchh, Benthic Fauna, Bioturbation, Ecosystem Services
111
PES-P-08
RESPONSE OF MEIOFAUNAL COMMUNITY TO MULTIPLE STRESSORS IN

ESTUARIES AND CREEKS FROM WEST COAST OF INDIA
Santosh Gaikwad, Sabyasachi Sautya, Angad Gaud, Meena Chauhan and Anirudh Ram
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai- 400 053,

Maharashtra, India
E-mail:sautya@nio.org
The estuaries and creeks are some of the complex and vitalecosystems in the coastal zone.
Benthic meiofauna is one of the useful gauge for studies of these shallow marine environments and
poorly explored in tropical areas. This study aimed to investigate the spatio-temporal variation of
meiofaunal community structure concerning multiple stressor effects in tropical estuaries (Ulhas and
Vijaydurg) and creeks (Tarapur and Achara) of Maharashtra coast across two seasons (pre-monsoon
and post-monsoon). Tarapur and Ulhas recorded higher values of heavy metals and other stressors
(e.g.,Hg, Cr, Ni, Zn, and PHc) as compare to Vijaydurg and Achara. In total, 25 benthic meiofaunal
groups were identified with the dominance of nematodes (>80%). Marked variations in density and
diversity of meiofaunal groupswere observed between two seasons. Overall, meiofaunal community
in Vijaydurg and Achara showed lower density in comparison with Tarapur and Ulhas, while higher
taxa diversity was recorded in Vijaydurg and Achara. In the creek systems, suspended solids, pH,
salinity, heavy metals (Al, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cr, and Hg) showed a significant (p<0.05) negative
correlation with the various meiofaunal parameters such as total density, total biomass and several
groups (e.g., harpacticoid, nauplius, kinorhynchs, bivalves). In the estuarine systems, physical
parameters (except DO), texture and nutrients showed a significant negative correlation with several
meiofaunal parameters. Moreover, sedimentary heavy metals (Hg and Pb) showed a significant
negative correlation with meiofaunal parameters. Length, width, biomass and shape of nematode
showed significant (p<0.1 and p<0.05) negativecorrelation with PHc, Pb, Corgand phosphorus.
Keywords: Bioindicator, Meiofauna, Pollution, Industrialization, Maharashtra
112
PES-P-09
NEED AN ATTENTION TOWARDS THE DECLINING OF NATURAL PREDATORS OF

CROWN-OF-THORNS IN LAKSHADWEEP WATERS
Sibi T. Baby and Prabhakaran, M.P.
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad-682506, Cochin, India.
E-mail: sibiisbisi@gmail.com
Lakshadweep, the only coral archipelago and the tiniest Union Territory of India, one of the
most important regions in the country, strategically and economically and also these open sea coral
islands are one of the low lying small groups of islands in the world, these islands are coralline in
origin, having a large lagoons on the western side, and in eastern side are replete with rocky relicts.
On growing anthropogenic pressure, limiting their resilience to natural threats such as corallivorous
predators, among those the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci is may results in outbreaks that
have devastated coral reefs; as we aware a single adult starfish can consume approximately 10m 2of
coral per year. Predators of crown-of-thorns include large molluscs such as the giant triton and the
helmet shell, and the Red spotted Trapeze crab as well as fish such as the Humphead Wrasse, and
the Stellate Puffer fish. The main concern about the reduction of these natural predators on these
reef waters, may at risk due to unknowingly by the leisure time activities of the islanders on octopus
hunting, spot fishing and cowry and shell collections on the Inter tidal lagoon areas during the low
tide time, where on that period these organisms are so exposed. Due to the lack of knowledge of
importance of these animals to the reef ecosystems, are unfortunately devastated at the maximum.
These crown-of-thorns outbreaks can occur also naturally but like this scenario, may also be caused
by human activities by catching and destroying too many of their natural predators. Unfortunately
this may leads to the open channel for crown-of-thorns outbreaks, which destroys the Lakshadweep
Coral ecosystem, and the existences of the Islanders.
Keywords: Predator; Crown-Of-Thorns; Coral; Lakshadweep; Bleaching
113
PES-P-10
A STUDY ON MEIOFAUNAL DISTRIBUTION IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL

PARAMETERS AND HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN THE COCHIN ESTUARY
Abdul Jaleel, K.U1. Anitha Mary, D2 and Gireeshkumar, T.R1.

1
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi-682018, Kerala, India.
2
Department of Biological Oceanography, School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala
University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad P.O., Kochi-682506, Kerala, India.
E-mail: anithamary1995@gmail.com
Meiofauna, the benthic metazoans defined by sieve mesh sizes between 63 and 500µm, forms
an important component in aquatic ecosystems with major roles in biogeochemical cycles and
benthic pelagic coupling. Their smaller size, high numerical abundance and sensitivity to
environmental perturbations makes them good indicators of habitat quality. The present study
illustrates the distribution of meiofauna in relation to environmental parameters and heavy metal
concentration at 10 selected locations in the Cochin Estuary. Nematodes were found to be the
dominant component among the meiofauna favoured by high salinity and silty clay sediments.
Presence of heavy metals like zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, cobalt, chromium, vanadium and arsenic
were detected in water and sediment samples. Higher concentrations of iron were found in both
water (5.82±4.82 µg L-1) and sediment (0.68%) samples. Followed by iron, zinc (2.82±2.53 µg L-1)
and copper 1.21±2.95 µg L-1) were found in higher concentration in water samples whereas lead
(137.90±129.21 µg/g) and zinc (73.40±53.13 µg/g) in sediment samples. Meiofaunal abundance
showed negative correlation with heavy metal concentration in water and sediments. Further studies
with spatio-temporally resolved samplings needs to be conducted to get a detailed information about
the influence of heavy metal pollution on the diversity and community structure of meiofauna in the
Cochin Estuary.
Keywords: Cochin Estuary, Meiofauna, Standing Stock, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Pollution
114
PES-P-11
BIOINVASION OF MARINE BENTHIC ORGANISMS IN INDIAN WATER
Chittaranjan Raul1 and Sachin Pandit2

1
ICAR- CIFE, MUMBAI, Yari Road, Pin, Off, Panch Marg, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai,
Maharashtra 400061
2
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Madavana Junction, Kochi- 682506
E-mail: sachinfrm01@gmail.com
Marine Benthic communities inhabit the bottom substrates and intertidal areas of marine
ecosystem and are mainly composed of macro invertebrates such as annelids, molluscs and
crustaceans. These organisms have vital role in maintaining the sediment water quality, nutrient
remineralisation and food source for large fishes. Benthos is also an important indicator of
environment pollution because they are sensitive to particular pollutants and can accumulate
contaminants due to prolonged exposure. The unintentional bio-invasion of marine benthic
organisms through ship‟s ballast water and hull fouling creates a serious threat to the native biota
especially in the coastal ecosystem. The benthic organism having high success rate of establishment
to introduced habitat though ballast water bio-invasion as the larvae and sub adult stages of benthos
are resistance to the prolonged adverse condition of transportation in the ballast water. In Indian
scenario there are many reports of bio-invasion of benthic organisms through global ships
transportation such as, Black stripped mussel and Polychaetenative of Atlantic water invaded to
Mumbai and then east coast of India, Giant African snail to Kochi, green crab to East Coast and
zebra mussel from North America to Indian water. Bio-invasion of benthos decline the ecological
quality by competitive exclusion of native species, changes in food web, altering habitat
characteristics and modifying abiotic factors of the costal aquatic ecosystem. The impacts of bio-
invasion organisms on native coastal ecosystems are not easily delineated due to multidimensional
effects. So mesocosm studies should conducted for long term effects. IMO and GloBallast
recommend techniques and guidelines for ballast water management and alternate methods should
also be used for reducing bio-invasion of benthic organism to minimize further ecological
consequences.
Keywords: Benthos, Bio- invasion, Mesocosm, Ballast water, Ecological quality, Pollution
115
Lead lecture
CRAB DIVERSITY IN INDIAN SEAS: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Peter K L Ng
National University of Singapore, Singapore
E-mail: peterng@nus.edu.sg
Of the 15,000 species of living decapod crustaceans (crabs, shrimps and lobsters) on Earth,
over 7500 are true crabs. Their diversity of body form and choice of habitats is striking – they inhabit
mountains 1500 m high to oceans almost 2000 m deep, in fresh and sea water, and some are even
terrestrial. Most, however, are marine – over 6500 species. They are arguably the most successful of
all the marine arthropods. The Indian Ocean is the planet‟s third largest body of seawater, covering
an area of over 70 million km2 and reaching depths of almost 8000 m in parts. India of course sits
strategically at the centre of this immense body of water, with over 900 recorded species of marine
crabs from 360 genera and 62 families. This is almost 14% of the global marine fauna, and while this
is a substantial percentage, the crab fauna of India is still very much in the “survey and discovery”
phase – with many taxa still to be discovered. The major expeditions of the colonial era (notably the
famed INVESTIGATOR expeditions in the Indian Ocean) have contributed much to our
knowledge, but in general, the deep Indian seas have been relatively less surveyed and more poorly
studied than the western Pacific. The many biodiversity successes of the various deep-water Pacific
expeditions have generally not been replicated in Indian seas. Similarly, the improved sampling of
“neglected habitats”, wider and more precise use of genetic tools, and better elucidation of cryptic
and pseudocryptic species have led to numerous discoveries in the western Pacific. This must surely
be the same for India. The knowledge gaps suggest that India‟s marine crab fauna is still
understudied and poorly resolved. With “better resolution”, the marine brachyuran fauna will
certainly exceed the 1000 mark, perhaps as high as 1200 species after the requisite work is done. And
most of the seven crab families still not known from India will also eventually be found. This is
surely an exciting time for Indian carcinology. It means that even after 250 years of systematic
research in India (starting in the late 1700s), as much as 25% of India‟s brachyuran biodiversity is
still not known! Opportunity indeed for the years ahead.
Keywords: Crabs, Diversity, Indian Ocean
116
Lead lecture
INDIAN OCEAN MALACOLOGY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BIVALVES

OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT
Graham Oliver, P.
National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, CF103NP, Wales, UK 1
E-mail: graham.oliver@museumwales.ac.uk
The perceived taxonomic uniformity of the Indo-Pacific province is discussed with special
reference to the marine faunas of the Indian subcontinent and western Indian Ocean. The deep-sea
fauna remains largely unexplored but the Arabian Sea upwelling and related oxygen minima zones
create a strong bathyal zonation and high degree of endemism in the Arabian Sea. The extent of this
along the west coast of India remains to be evaluated. The bathyal fauna of the Bay of Bengal
exhibits similar zonation and endemicity but the comparisons with the Arabian Sea are few. The
abyssal fauna of the Indian Ocean is poorly known but the composition is similar to that of the better
known deep Atlantic. Some species appear to be cosmopolitan. The shelf faunas are shown not to be
uniform with a mixture of wide-ranging Indo-Pacific species and narrow ranging species to specific
subregions. Transition zones are postulated for the coasts of the Western Indian Ocean.
Oceanographic conditions are discussed as possible mechanisms for isolation and development of
regional faunas. Taxonomic congruence and consistency are discussed as factors affecting the
interpretation of morphological differences between species and their subsequent role in identifying
endemicity. At a finer scale the bivalve faunas of the brackish waters around and adjacent to the
Indian subcontinent are reviewed. The endemicity of geographically isolated estuaries, lagoons and
backwaters is illustrated and further research is indicated. For each section future directions for
malacological research are suggested with that of the molecular identity of morpho-species,
reinterpretation of endemicity and exploration of the deep-sea as priorities.
Keywords: Bivalvia, Systematics, Western Indian Ocean, Endemicity, Deep-Sea, Shelf Faunas,
Brackish Water Faunas, Research Priorities
117
Lead lecture
BENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF THE MINERAL RICH CENTRAL INDIAN

BASIN, INDIAN OCEAN
Ingole, B., Pavitran, S., Sautya S., Singh, R., Sivadas, S., Nanajkar, M. and Goltekar, R.
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa- 403004
E-mail:baban.ingole@gmail.com
In order to collect environmental and biological data of the nodule rich sedimentary habitats
of the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) a detailed long-term studies are being conducted by India
since 1996-97. The study was aimed at generating the baseline benthic biology data of the Test
Mining Site (TMS) and Test Reference Site (TRS) The sediment samples were collected with a box
core (50x50x50 cm size) operations and sub- sampled with the help of a quadrant (15x15x10cm)
and acrylic core (10.0 cm and 5.5 cm in diameter). All the sub-samples were preserved in 5%
buffered-formalin solution and later sieved through 500, 250m (macrofauna) and 28m
(meiofauna) mesh sieves as per the international Seabed Authority (ISA) guidelines. All the benthic
specimens were sorted, counted under stereo microscope and identified up to the possible taxonomic
level. The average density of macrofauna varied from 81 to 405 no. m -2 (mean: 87 no. m-2  130,
n=25) in a length of 40 cm core sample. The average density of meiofauna varied from 3 to 28 no.
10cm-2 (mean: 11.8 no. 10cm-2  5.3, n=26) in a length of 40cm core sample. The top core section of
0 to 5 cm covers 26% of the total macrofauna but 53% of meiofauna concentrated in the 0 to 1.5 cm
core section. It confirms that the meiofauna abundance is more in the top section. The diversity and
richness estimators revealed that the current sampling design and analysis was able to characterize
the majority of the macro-and meiobenthic genera present in the area. The long-term monitoring of
the disturbance experiment suggests that the recovery of fauna is very slow perhaps due to the
limited food availability.
Keywords: Deep Sea; Benthic Community; Baseline; Polymetallic Nodules; Mining; Central
Indian Basin, Indian Ocean
118
Lead lecture
BENTHIC EPIFAUNAL COMMUNITIES FEATURING THE OMZ OFF THE NORTH

EAST INDIAN SHELF
Akkur Raman
Marine Biological Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Andhra University Waltair, Visakhapatnam
E-mail: akkur.v.raman@gmail.com
Megabenthic epifauna were collected using a naturalists dredge from 62 locations off the north East
Indian shelf that represented a gradient of depths - shallow water (10-30 m), continental shelf (50-
200 m) and the upper slope (200-500 m) featuring the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) (Fig1).
Altogether 251 taxa were examined, predominantly molluscs, crustaceans, polychaetes and
echinoderms that together accounted for over 85% of total numbers that showed characteristic
response in relation to depth. Multivariate procedures (PRIMER) with SIMPROF analysis on
benthos abundance data revealed distinct groups of epibenthic communities that characterized the
shallowest inshore locations (mean depth 22m), upper shelf (43m), mid shelf (65m), outer shelf
(106m) and the upper slope (230m) that revealed significant disparities (ANOSIM Global R=0.785;
P=0.1%). While the shallowest locations (22m) supported a rich opulation of cnidarians (Sphenopus
arenaceus) and the brachyuran Charybdis sp., it was a combination of Charybdis sp. and eunicid
polychaete Diopatra neapolitana at the upper shelf (44m). In the mid shelf (65m), the turrid gastropod
Lophiotomaindica, together with decapods Raninoides serratifrons and Liagore sp. made up the bulk. At
the lower shelf (130 m), there were overwhelming numbers of eunicids and Polychelid lobsters. At
the upper slope (230m), bivalves Amygdalum watsonii and Nucula consentenea dominated along with
Oplophorids (deep-sea shrimps), the spider crab Pyromaia tuberculata and the stylaroid worm
Stylaroides bengalensis characteristic of deep-water regions (Fig.3). During the study, it was possible to
demonstrate the control of key environmental factors on the distribution and diversity of benthos in
particular the availability of dissolved oxygen across the OMZ so very characteristic of these waters
in Bay of Bengal (Fig.4)
Acknowledgements:
Grateful thanks are due to the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi for funding the
study under the Project on Benthic Productivity in the Indian EEZ coordinated by R. Damodaran at CUSAT.
T Ganesh, YKV Rao, M Rakhesh, N Sateesh and I worked from Andhra University. CMLRE was very kind
and generous throughout this programme.
119
Fig. 1 Station locations Fig.2. Macrobenthos assemblages of coastal, shelf

and slope areas (based on Bray-Curtis similarity on
square root transformed abundance data) off the north
East Indian coast
Fig.4: Water column dissolved oxygen (ml.l-1) concentration profiles over the north East Indian
shelf (16-200N) measured onboard FORV Sagara Sampada. (A) CTD pooled averages of
measurements (B) Measurements made during this study (n=109). Vertical hatched line at DO = 0.5
ml.l-1defines the oxygen minimum zone
120
Lead lecture
IMPACT OF OMZ ON STANDING STOCK AND COMPOSITION OF MACROFAUNA

ALONG THE EASTERN ARABIAN SEA MARGIN
Abdul Jaleel K.U1., Anil Kumar P. R2., Rosamma Philip2, Damodaran R2.
1
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi-682018, Kerala, India
2
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682016, Kerala, India
E-mail: jaleel@nio.org, jaleelku06@gmail.com
The standing stock of benthic macrofauna across the OMZ-impinged margin (200-1000m)
of the Eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) was assessed using a comprehensive dataset encompassing 49 sites
between 7˚N and 21˚ 30‟N, each visited thrice. Macrofaunal standing stock showed distinct faunal
abundance patterns in 3 geographical regions – the southern (Cape Comorin, 7˚ to Coondapur
13˚N), the central (Karwar 14˚ to Ratnagiri 17˚N) and northern (Dhabol, 18˚ to Porbandar 22˚N)
EAS. The sediments of the EAS were found to be organically enriched throughout, with higher OM
content in deeper sites (>500m). In the southern EAS, faunal abundance was highest at 200m, and
values decreased towards higher depths. By contrast, faunal abundance was relatively higher at
1000m depth when compared 200m contour in the northern EAS. In the central sector, peak
abundance was encountered at the intermediate depths (500m). The impact of OMZ was maximum
between 200 and 500m depths of the central and northern EAS. At the 1000m contour, where the
impact of OMZ core disappears, the quantitative composition of macrofauna was found to be more
or less similar in all three sectors.
Keywords: Oxygen Minimum Zone, Arabian Sea, Macrobenthos, Biomass, Abundance.
121
IOS-O-01
DIVERSITY OF FREE-LIVING MARINE NEMATODES OF WEST COAST OF INDIA
Sivaleela, G1 and Chinnadurai, G2

1
Marine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, 130, Santhome high Road, Chennai-
28
2
Periyar Govt. Arts College, Cuddalore – 1
E-mail:gsivaleela@yahoo.com
Meiobenthos are small animals found living in the benthic zones of both freshwater and
marine habitats and are considered numerically dominant metazoans and their size between 0.5mm
and 50µm. Among the meiofauna, free-living nematodes are the most abundant metazoans in the
marine sediments. It is also known to be sensitive indicators of environmental disturbances and have
great potential as pollution indicators. However, due to their small size very little works were done
especially on the studies on free-living marine nematodes in India. So, the present study was
attempted to investigate the nematode biodiversity and distribution in 17 different coastal
environments of West Coast of India. In the present study, a total of 50 species belonging to 11
families and 21 genera under 332 specimens were recorded in two surveys in different habitats. The
species diversity of east coast is higher than west coast. Variation in the species richness and
diversity of nematodes were observed in monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Among the
nematodes, Daptonema, Paracanthonchus, Theristus and Viscosia were predominantly observed at all
the stations. In the present study muddy substratum had highest density of nematodes when
compared with other substratum. The faunal list provided in this paper will form a base line data for
future biodiversity assessment and conservation measures.
Keywords: West Coast, Sandy, Muddy Mangroves
122
IOS-O-02
SELECTIVE CRAB SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN INTERTIDAL REGIONS OF ANDAMAN

ISLANDS, INDIA
Mohan, P.M., Nida Quraishi, Muruganantham, M and Sabith, D.B.B.
Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology,Pondicherry University, Brookshabad

Campus,Port Blair – 744 112,Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
The intertidal regions of South, Middle and North Andaman was studied for the selective
crab species and its occurrence. It was found that there were six species which a significant presence
in this environment. The studied six species Ranina ranina, Matuta victor, Calappa hepatica, Leucosia
craniolaris, Pilumnus vespertilio and Neopetrolisthes alobatus are exhibited in the Middle and North
Andaman intertidal waters. Out of these six species, the species Ranina ranina has been considered a
major fishery resource in Australia and Philippines; only species available in this genus. This species
may be considered as living resource for the Andaman Islands fisher community. Matuta victor was
reported by Alcock (1896) and Galil and Clark (1995) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. However,
any other recent study was not reported this species in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The present
study was identified this species Rangat, Mayabunder and Wandoor intertidal regions. Calappa
hepatica was identified by Kumaralingam et al. (2017) at Burmanalla, south Andaman regions. The
present study was identified this species in Mayabunder and Carbyns Cove intertidal regions.
Leucosia craniolaris is not reported earlier in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The present study
reported from Mayabunder may be considered as the first report in Andaman Islands. Pilumnus
vespertilio was reported from Alcock (1896) and Sankarankutti (1982) in Andaman and Nicobar
Islands. The recent work by Kumaralingam et al. (2017) reported from Kalapatthar from Little
Andaman. The present study was reported from Mayabunder.Neopetrolisthes alobatus was not
reported from Andaman as well as Indian marine environment. This study was identified this
species from Diglipur and recorded as a first record from Indian marine environment.
Keywords: Intertidal Environment, Crab Species, Andaman, India
123
IOS-O-03
DEEP-SEA ECHINODERM DIVERSITY IN THE EASTERN ARABIAN SEA MARGIN
Parameswaran, U.V.1, Abdul Jaleel, K.U.2, Jacob, V.1, Gopal, A.1, Sanjeevan, V.N.1,
Saravanane, N.1 and Sudhakar, M.1
1
Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Kendriya Bhavan,
Kakkanad, Kochi 682037, Kerala, India
2
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi 682018, Kerala, India
E-mail: ushaparam25@gmail.com
Exploration of echinoderm diversity in the seas around India began in the 19th century and
gained momentum with the surveys of RIMS Investigator (1888-1893). The handful of work carried
out since then have been entirely restricted to intertidal and near shore areas (<20m depth). Recent
surveys in the Indian EEZ on board FORV Sagar Sampada (2007-2018) have led to the description of
new species and several new records, as well as rediscovery of species previously known only from
the RIMS Investigator surveys. Within the Indian waters, the deeper areas (>200m) of the Eastern
Arabian Sea (EAS) margin is characterized by heterogeneous habitats including the OMZ-impacted
upper slope and deep-sea terraces in the lower slope. The region as a whole, remains relatively
poorly studied with respect epibenthic megafauna such as echinoderms. The present work attempts
to consolidate information on echinoderm diversity in the deep EAS margin, combining validated
historic records with results of recent surveys. The results indicate that while echinoderm diversity is
low in the OMZ-impacted upper slope of the EAS, several taxa, particularly among the
Ophiuroidea, are well adapted to these low-oxygen conditions. Diversity was found to be higher
beyond the OMZ, particularly in deep terraces of the central and southern EAS. Recent surveys at
1000-1500m have led to discovery of several new records, which indicates that further surveys in the
deeper areas of EAS is likely to increase the species richness of the region further.
Keywords: Echinoderms, Biodiversity, Deep-Sea, Oxygen Minimum Zone, Arabian Sea
124
IOS-O-04
FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF POLYCHAETES IN THE INSULAR MARGIN OF

ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR, NORTHERN INDIAN OCEAN
Gopal A.1, Abdul Jaleel K.U.2, Parameswaran U.V. 1, Saramma A.V.3, Sanjeevan V.N1,4,
Saravanane N. 1 and Sudhakar M. 1
1
Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, 6th Floor, Block C, Kendriya Bhavan, Kakkanad,
Kochi, Kerala 682030
2
National Institute of Oceanography – Regional Centre, Salim Ali Road, Kochi, Kerala 682018
3
School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Lakeside Campus,
Foreshore Road, Pallimukku, Kochi, Kerala 682016
4
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad Road, Madavana, Junction, Kochi,
Kerala 682506
E-mail: gopalaiswarya@gmail.com
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, situated on a tectonically active margin is one of the
major global biodiversity hotspots, surrounded by coral reefs.This paper provides the first
comprehensive information on the feeding guild composition of polychaetes of the Andaman and
Nicobar insular margin. Two surveys were conducted around the archipelago during the north-east
monsoon season, covering 79 sampling sites, which represented 23 transects in 3 depth strata (50,
100 and 200m). A Smith-McIntyre grab was used for collection of sediments and two separate sieve
mesh sizes (500µm and 300µm) were used to separate the macrofauna. Four major feeding modes
like Predators, Surface deposit feeders, Subsurface deposit feeders and Suspension feeders were
represented among 606 species of polychaetes. Bathymetric variations were significant among
feeding guild groups with relatively higher abundance of predatory polychaetes in the coralline
sandy sediments in the near reef areas (50m) chiefly represented by Syllids, Glycerids, Eunicids etc.
while in sandy silt sediments (200m) surface deposit feeders and subsurface deposit feeders
dominated represented by Spionids, Cirratulids, Paraonids, Capitellids etc. The contribution of
suspension feeders were very low at all depths of the study area chiefly represented by Sabellids,
Serpulids and Sabellarids. The bathymetric variations in the abundance of feeding guilds were
determined by the sediment texture, organic matter and dissolved oxygen prevailing in the region.
Keywords: Functional Diversity, Polychaetes, Feeding Guild, Andaman, Nicobar, Islands, Coral
Reef
125
IOS-O-05
LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF ASCIDIAN DIVERSITY IN ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR

ISLANDS, INDIA
Jhimli Mondal 1 and Raghunathan, C.2

1
Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Kendriya Bhavan, 6th
Floor, Kakkanad, Kochi, India
2
Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal-
700053, India
E-mail: jmjhimli@gmail.com
Filter feeder ascidians are one of the most important reefs associated faunal components to
maintain the healthy ecosystem. Photosymbiotic ascidians indicate pristine water. Large solitary
ascidians acting as micro niche by providing settlement space to other small benthos. Studies were
conducted in Andaman and Nicobar Islands for a period of three years while the data were collected
by Line Intercept Method and Quadrat methods by employing Self Contained Underwater
Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) diving. Record of species abundance within the quadrat was made
using the ACFOR scaling method while digitization was made by undersea cameras. Statistical
indices were applied to find out their level of significance according to the diversity and
distributional pattern in A&N Islands. A total of 70 species of ascidians were recorded including the
maximum 44 species from South Andaman and minimum 25 species from each of Middle
Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands respectively. According to the ACFOR scale, 5 abundant,
12 common, 9 frequently occurred, 16 occasionally and 28 rarely recorded species were
documented. As per the depth gradient analysis, it was found that maximum 57 species were
documented from the depth of 1 – 10 m depth and minimum of 11 species were recorded from the
intertidal areas. The genus Phallusia contributed the maximum percentage of species composition in
North Andaman, South Andaman and Nicobar regions while the genus Ascidia contributed the
maximum percentage of the species composition in Middle Andaman. The mean diversity of the
ascidians varies from 1.476 - 1.782.
Keywords: Ascidians, Diversity, Latitudinal Variation, Andaman
126
IOS-O-06
MOLLUSCAN DIVERSITY ALONG THE SEAWEED FARMS OF PALK BAY, INDIA
Deepak Samuel, V., Abhilash, K. R., Sankar, R., Purvaja, R. and Ramesh, R.
National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM)

Anna University Campus, Chennai- 600025, India
E-mail: deepakocean@gmail.com
Macroalgae are being cultivated worldwide as the major source of agar and carrageenan.
Tropical carrageenophytes have been intentionally introduced on commercial interest into tropical
reef regions around the world, including India with Kappaphycus and Eucheuma being the most
widely cultivated genera. The seaweed K. alvarezii was introduced for commercial level culture along
the Gulf of Mannar during 2003. Given the increase in demand for carrageenan and as an
alternative sustainable livelihood for coastal villagers in developing countries, the commercial
farming of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty), was promoted in more countries in the tropical world.
However, there is also increasing concern over the impact of these exotic species on the endemic
ecosystems and its biodiversity. In India there are no reports suggesting the deleterious effects of
large scale cultivation of seaweed on the surrounding benthic community, their assemblage or
diversity. The major focus was always on the invasive potential of the introduced alga. Seaweed
culture has been proved to have both positive and negative effects on the ecosystem at different
geographical regions across the world. In order to understand the effects of large scale cultivation of
seaweed on macrobenthos; a comprehensive study was undertaken at Palk Bay where the cultivation
is underway for the past decade. Shading was found to be a possible effect towards the end of culture
period when surface area and mass increase due to growth.There was no negative effect of shading
on the molluscan communities. An increased diversity in the culture sites was observed in
comparison to the control and reference sites.
Keywords: Macroalgae, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Mollusc, Palk Bay, Gulf of Mannar
127
IOS-OF-01
CHEILOSTOMATOUS BRYOZOA FROM WEST COAST OF INDIA
Maria Susan Sanjay1, Venkatraman, C1. Soja Louis2 and Shrinivaasu, S. 3
1
Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal
2
St. Teresa‟s College, Ernakulam, Kochi, Kerala
3
National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Anna University Campus
Chennai- 600 025, Tamil Nadu
E-mail: mariasanjay257@gmail.com, cvramanmbs@gmail.com, sojalouis@yahoo.com,

shrinivaasu.zsi@gmail.com
Cheilostomata is the most diverse and established post-Palaeozoic order of the phylum
Bryozoa. The present paper gives the account of a few Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the West
Coast of India along with its Scanning Electron Microscope images.These specimens were collected
fromselected localities along the coast of Gujarat and Maharashtra over a period of two years (April
2015-March 2017), from costal water up to the depth of 5m. The present paper gives a description of
twenty species, belonging to fourteen different Genera of twelve Families among which six
Cheilostomata were recorded for the first time in Indian coastal waters: Thalamoporella novae-
hollandiae, Calpensia reversa, Colletosia radiate, Microporella malusi, Microporella californica and
Parasmittina alasken, also contain new collection data for previously recorded species.
Keywords: Cheilostomata, Bryozoa,Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Morphology, Genera

and Family
128
IOS-OF-02
OSTRACOD DISTRIBUTION WITH RESPECT TO CLAY MINERALOGY FROM

CONTINENTAL SHELF TO SLOPE, OFF VISAKHAPATNAM, BAY OF BENGAL, INDIA
Mohammed Noohu Nazeer1, Hussain, S.M. 1, Varghese, T.I 2, Sandeep Vamsi, K1 and
Mohammed Nishath, N.1
1
Department of Geology, University of Madras, Chennai, 600 025, India
2
National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Aakkulam, 695 011, India
E-mail: mohdnoohu@gmail.com
The research investigation is a check on the relationship between the clay minerals,
granulometry measurements and the association of both with Ostracod distribution from continental
shelf to slope, Visakhapatnam offshore, Bay of Bengal, India. Seven short cores were taken from the
study area for the analysis and done XRD analysis and Ostracod identification at a varying water
column depth from 29 to 2540 metres. Particle size analysis reveals that silt percentage is a dominant
factor that controls the Ostracod population. To identify the nature of clay minerals present, X-Ray
Diffractometry is incorporated into the study. Illite, Chlorite, Kaolinite and Montmorillonite are the
dominant clay minerals present. The study explains that the region is having a dynamicity which is
associated with many factors like temperature, pH, salinity, depth, turbidity, organic matter
percentage, calcium carbonate percentage and granulometry. Each short core shows distinctive
assemblages of Ostracods which shows typical environmental peculiarities. The energy condition of
sedimentation is decreasing towards the slope, as well as the distribution pattern of Ostracods.
Evident from the studies, that even adjacent area of ocean floor react differently in the same
oceanographic setting with a change in any environmental parameters.
Keywords: Ostracoda, XRD, Granulometry, Sediment parameters, Bathymetry
129
IOS-OF-03
SEAGRASS HABITATS SUPPORT HIGHER SPECIES AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY

THAN THE BARE SEDIMENTS HABITS IN THE INTERTIDAL REGION OF
SOUTH ANDAMAN REGION, INDIA
Raj Kiran Lakra, Jawed Equbal, Nosad Sahu, Muthulingam Savurirajan, Kunal Satyam, and
Thiruchitrabalam Ganesh
Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Brookshabad Campus, Pondicherry University,
Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
E-mail: rajkiranlakra@gmail.com
Seagrass habitats are acknowledged for providing a complex landscape structure in the
coastal regions; they are known to support higher faunal abundance and diversity. The recent global
threats on the seagrass in the coastal regions are reflected on the loss of biodiversity which effects the
ecosystem functioning. The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has started
gaining importance in ecological studies. The disparity among the community in the seagrass and
bare sediments are mostly attributed towards the habitat complexity provided by the vegetation. In
the present study, a comparative approach is adapted to understand the polychaete community
among the seagrass and bare sediments landscape across five intertidal stations. In here we analysed
the species diversity and the functional diversity to understand the effect of the seagrass on the
polychaete community. Species diversity viz. number of species, abundance, margalef‟s richness,
Shannon- wiener diversity and Functional diversity viz. functional richness, functional evenness,
functional divergence and Rao‟s Q showed clear variance among the habitat. A total of 167 species
were recorded during the survey of which 152 species were collected from seagrass habitat as
compared to 71 species from the bare sediment. Spionids (32spp) were the diverse family in the
seagrass habitat whereas capitellids (13 spp) in the bare sediments. The species diversity showed
significant difference among the habitats supporting the conviction that seagrass supports a higher
diversity ecosystem. The functional diversity based on the biological trait shows that the seagrass
habitat provides higher functional space as to the bare sediments.
Keywords: Seagrass, Diversity, South Andaman, Spionids, Capitellids
130
IOS-OF-04
CRAB OUT OF ITS SHELL: MULTIPLE RECORDS OF THE SESARMID CRAB,

PSEUDOSESARMA GLABRUM NG, RANI & BIJOY NANDAN, 2017 (DECAPODA:
BRACHYURA: SESARMIDAE), CONFIRM SPECIES’ WIDE DISTRIBUTION ALONG
THE WEST COAST OF INDIA
Pati, S.K.1, Sujila, P.S.2 and Sudha Devi, A.R.2

1
Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Vidyanagar, Sector 29, P.C.N.T. Post,
Akurdi, Pune-411 044, Maharashtra, India
2
Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Mary Matha Arts and Science College, Vemom P.O.,
Mananthavady-670 645, Kerala, India
E-mail address: sameer_pati@yahoo.co.in
The recently described sesarmid crab, Pseudosesarma glabrum Ng, Rani & Bijoy Nandan,
2017, was previously misidentified as Pseudosesarma edwardsii (De Man, 1887). P. glabrum is hitherto
known only from the coasts of Kerala (Alappuzha district) and Karnataka (Uttara Kannada district).
During the present study, we have identified 93 specimens of P. glabrum collected from different
localities of Kerala, Karnataka, and Maharashtra. The present study, therefore, confirms the wide
distribution of P. glabrum along the West Coast of India. P. glabrum is reported for the first time from
the Maharashtra coast. Moreover, the material previously identified as P. edwardsii from the west
coast of India is probably conspecific with P. glabrum.
Keywords: Crustacea, Decapoda, Sesarmidae, Pseudosesarma, New Record, India
131
IOS-OF-05
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE ON THE BENTHIC MACROFAUNA IN THE INNER

SHELF OF CENTRAL SOUTH WEST COAST OF INDIA
Jayaraj, K.A.1, Jayalakshmi2, K.V., Kesava Das V.2 and Sarala Devi K.2
1
Pondicherry University, Brookshabad Campus, Port Blair-744112
2
National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi-682018
E-mail: jayarajarjun@rediffmail.com
The influence of environmental variables on benthos on a seasonal scale in the inner shelf of
central south west coast of India was carried out. Infaunal benthic samples were collected in two
seasons representing pre-monsoon (February 1998) and post monsoon (November 2000) from 45
stations in the 5-36 m depth zone. Spatial pattern of macrofauna composition varied across and
along the transects as a response to sedimentary environment, organic matter and depth. Polychaete
was the dominant group in both seasons followed by molluscs and crustaceans. Median grain
sediment such as silty sand and clayey sand harbored more fauna. Correlation analysis showed
positive correlation with medium grain sediment. Density showed an increase towards deeper
depths during both seasons. Biomass also showed almost similar trend in the depth-wise
distribution. Seasonal variations showed significant variation in density and biomass in pre-
monsoon (p=0.01), and post monsoon (p=0.02) with high values in post monsoon season. Diversity
indices showed that richness and diversity increased with depth but dominance showed a reverse
trend.
Key words: Macrobenthos, Sediment Characteristics, Polychaetes, West Coast, India
132
IOS-P-01
BIODIVERSITY OF MACROBENTHIC MOLLUSCS ALONG THE CONTINENTAL

SHELF OF SOUTH WEST COAST, INDIA
Smitha, C.K., Rosamma Philip and Damodaran, R.
University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi-682016, Kerala, India
E-mail: smithack07@gmail.com
Molluscs are soft-bodied, heterogeneous group of animals and they represent one of the
major components of macrobenthic faunal community along Indian waters. The study has focused
on the community structure and species composition of macro-benthic molluscs along the
continental shelf of southwest coast of India. The study area extends from the latitude 11 o59‟N to
07o 10‟N and longitude 75o 05‟E to 77o19‟E (Off Kannur, Off Kozhikode, Off Vadanapilly, Off
Kochi, Off Kollam, Off Trivandrum and Off Cape Comorin, 7 transects). Samples were taken from
every one degree interval. In each transects samples collected from four stations (30m, 50m, 100m
and 200m depth ranges) by using modified Smith-McIntyre grab of size 0.2m2 during 5th to 19th
January 2005. Bivalves were abundant than gastropods. Altogether 46 species of molluscs were
identified from the entire study area out of which 27 species of bivalves and 19 gastropods. Aloides
bifrons, Cardium sp. and Donax sp. are the dominant species observed. Mean Shannon diversity
(H‟log2) index showed an increase from 30m to 50m and then decreased towards depth.
Keywords:Mollusca, Macrobenthos, Continental Shelf, India
133
IOS-P-02
CARDIID MOLLUSCS (CARDIIDAE) OF CENTRAL INDIAN OCEAN
Arathi, A.R., Ravinesh, R. andBiju Kumar, A.
Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram -695581,

Kerala, India
E-mail: ravineshr08@gmail.com
Molluscs of the family Cardiidae, commonly known as cockles or heart shells, are highly
diverse and edible forms, living in different habitats like sandy, coral rubbles and sea grass
throughout the world. This family is divided into 10 subfamilies and 54 genera, with more than 200
extant and large number of fossil forms. Most of cardiids are exclusively marine, inhabiting a wide
array of habitats, from subtidal to deeper waters. Cardiids represent one of the least studied yet
intensively exploited bivalves for ornamental shell trade. Cardidae can be distinguished from other
molluscs such as; shells are small to large, completely symmetrical and equivalve, heart-shaped to
subtrigonal or subquadrate, two cardinal teeth in each valve, shape and degree of inflation variable;
sculpture of strong radial ribs, often ornamented with beading or furrows; ligament external,
sculpture and colour patterns constant and useful in the diagnosis of species. In India more than 50
species were recorded previously. This paper documents 23 species under six subfamilies and 11
genera, collected from the east and west coasts of India and Lakshadweep archipelago. Four species
are newly recorded from Indian coast and two are possible new species. Giant clams Tridacna
maxima and T. squamosa are included in Schedule I of Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act and IUCN
LR/cd - Lower Risk: Conservation Dependent; both species are common species in the
Lakshadweep.
Keywords: Heart Shells, Cardiidae, Red List, New Record, Conservation
134
IOS-P-03
INDIAN SCENARIO OF MARINE TARDIGRADE RESEARCH
Nancy Catherine Stephen and Somasundaram S. Thirugnanasambandan
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, India
E-mail-nancy15violin@gmail.com
Tardigrades are microscopic invertebrates with a well developed organization including

brain and sensory organs, muscles, a complex feeding apparatus and alimentary tract, reproductive
and osmoregulatory organs. They are cosmopolitan and are found in terrestrial, marine and
freshwater environments.They are renowned for their ability to enter the ametabolic state of
cryptobiosis in face of adverse environmental conditions and survive a vast array of environmental
extremes. They have been a recent object of increased ecological and systematic investigations.
Marine tardigrades are part of the meiobenthos found in intertidal and sub-tidal areas down to the
abyss. Most species are interstitial, but some are algal associates and others are associated with
barnacles and other invertebrates. Several species of marine interstitial tardigrades have been
described in recent years from different parts of the world, but records of tardigrades from Indian
waters are limited with only six studies primarily from the eastern part of the Indian Ocean. The
reported species are Batillipes carnonensis (Andra Pradesh and Odisha), Stygarctus bradypus (Odisha),
Parastygarctus higginsi and Stygarctus bradypus (Andaman and Nicobar islands) collected from
sediments such as medium sand, organic detritus, medium sand with rich organic debris, medium
and fine sand with detritus and medium sand with little detritus. Research on marine tardigrades is
challenged by rarity of specimens and by the lack of information on species distribution. The tropics
encourage the growth of tardigrade competing microbes like bacteria and fungi, making a
competitive habitat for tardigrades. More effort should be placed on marine tardigrade research from
tropic regions, which would contribute to the understanding of how tardigrades differ between
different environments, in terms of biology and tolerance spectra. Integrative studies, which combine
molecular and morphological data to describe species, together with studies of stress tolerance,
would be highly beneficial in this regard.
Keywords: Batillipes carnonensis, Marine Tardigrades, Parastygarctus higginsi, Stygarctusbradypus
135
IOS-P-04
BENTHIC DIATOMS OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS ALONG THE

Niya Benny, Jeslin, I.J. and Padmakumar, K.B.
E-mail: niyabenny777@gmail.com
Diatoms among the microphytobenthos play an important role in the primary production of
mangrove ecosystems. The microphytobenthic community among the mangrove ecosystems along
southwest coast of India is least studied. The paper describes the community structure of benthic
diatoms in the mangrove ecosystems from five stations along the southwest coast of India from
Kollam in the South to Kannur in the North. A total of 47 benthic diatom species were identified
from the study area. Major species present were Diploneis smithii, Navicula sp., Pleurosigma sp.,
Amphora spectabilis, Gyrosigma sp., Nitzschia sigmoidea, Amphora janischii, Bacillaria paradoxa, Mastoglia
sp., and Navicula mutica. Regionally abundance and diversity were observed as higher in Kollam
(south), dominated by Diploneis spp. and Navicula spp. Whereas, in the mangrove ecosystems along
Kochi the abundance and diversity of diatoms were much lesser. The area also observed lesser
dissolved oxygen. Positive correlation was observed between sediment chlorophyll and
microphytobenthos biomass in all regions. The study provides a baseline account on the benthic
diatoms and highlights the dominance of raphid pennate diatoms (class Bacillariophyceae) than
centric and araphid pennate forms along the mangrove ecosystems of South West Coast of India
Keywords: Mangrove, Diatoms, Sediment, Microphytobenthos, Pennate andCentric Diatoms,

South West Coast of India
136
IOS-P-05
ASSESSING BENTHIC ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF KADUVAIYAR ESTUARY, SOUTH

EAST COAST OF INDIA –BIOTIC INDICES APPROACH
Selvaraj, P., Murugesan, P., Punniyamoorthy, R., Parthasarathy, P., Bharathidhasan, V and
Rajesh, N.
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences,

Annamalai University, Parangipettai – 608 502, Tamil Nadu - India
E-mail: pmurugesaan74@gmail.com
The Kaduvaiyar estuary in Nagapattinam, South East coast of India has been subject to a
variety of anthropogenic pressures in recent years and the health of this estuary is considered as
conundrum. In this backdrop, an intensive survey was conducted to assess ecological quality of
Kaduvaiyar estuary and its coastal region using different statistical analysis (AMBI and M-AMBI
biotic indices). The higher similarity level of Clay and TOC in St-1 was confirmed through PCA
analysis. The CCA analysis proved the presence of pollution tolerant and opportunistic polychaetes
species (Capitella capitata, Cossura coasta, Prionospio pinnata and Notomastus sp.) in St-1 and St-2
showing higher concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Pb and Mn). This trend was also evident in the
w-statistics due to the fact that the negative values (-0.08 and -0.105) indicating grossly polluted
nature of the St-1 and St-2. True to this fact, AMBI values (1.86 to 4.17) indicated the slightly and
moderately disturbed nature of the stations (St-1, St-2 and St-3). Based on the reference condition
values, the M-AMBI result (0.43 to 0.44) clearly signaled the disturbed nature and moderate
ecological nature of stations (St-1, St-2), which are situated in the vicinity of urban and harbor
activities. The reference conditions proposed for Kaduvaiyar estuary are need to be evaluated further
in future studies. Designation of local species could also provide an important reference for Indian
waters.
Keywords: Benthos, Polychaetes, AMBI, M-AMBI, and ABC curve
137
IOS-P-06
TUBE CHARACTERISATION OF SPECIES PHRAGMATOPOMA RANGANICA IN

INTERTIDAL REGIONS OF MIDDLE ANDAMAN REGIONS
Mohan, P.M., Akanksha Pattnaik, Muruganantham, M and Jeeva, C.
Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology,Pondicherry University, Brookshabad

Campus,Port Blair – 744 112,Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
The tube worms are invertebrates that are sessile and anchor themselves to underwater
surfaces. They secrete a mineral tube around them, into which they can withdraw their body. A
species known as Phragmatopoma ranganica found in the intertidal regions of Middle Andaman
produce the tubes. The tubes of these worms were collected from different locations and studied by
the way of dissolving the tubes in different solvents such as concentric nitric acid, ethanol, methanol
and sodium hypochlorite to understand the cementing materials constituents. Over and above, the
un-dissolved materials were studied under the binocular microscope and classified under different
organic and inorganic materials and their numbers were counted. The study revealed that tubes have
the length in the range of 0.90 to 1.20cm and diameter has in the range of 1.90 to 2.43mm in size.
The tube was dissolved only in the sodium hypochlorite suggesting that the binding materials may
be proteinaceous. The un-dissolved composition of the tube suggested that the materials were mainly
amorphous and crystalline sediments along with shell fragments and tests of foraminiferan. The
variation in the grains count may be inferred that when the environment is favourable, it may go for
a very closely knitted tube, i.e. A3. If the condition is not favourable, then it may go for a wider
placed grain knitted tubes, i.e. A1. The existing literature does not describe any tube composition
other than calcareous or organic substances, that also not by quantification. The present study may
suggest that the composition and number of grains along with the cementing materials may provide
a clue to their environment. So, it is highly essential to study the composition of the tubes in the tube
worms. This information may also be helpful to delineate the climatic variability in the coming years
where the temperature rise is expected.
Key Words: Tube Worms, Tube, Phragmatopoma ranganica, Proteinaceous, Andaman
138
IOS-P-07
DEEP SEA FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE OFFSHORE ENVIRONMENT OF

NICOBAR ISLANDS, INDIA
Mohan, P.M., Marathe Prachi Hemant, Vibha V. Ubare and Sabith, D.B.B.
Port Blair – 744 112, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Ocean is a dynamic ecosystem for its diversity and abundance of flora and fauna. From
intertidal to deep-sea regions, it has representatives of all the group of fauna i.e. from
microorganisms to mammals. Worldwide, near shore environment has well studied than that of
deep-sea. So, study on the deep-sea biology is necessary to understand the benthic communities and
its importance with reference to biodiversity as well as understand the chemistry and its system for
future developmental activities. The present study covered off Nicobar group of Islands in Andaman
Sea in the east and Bay of Bengal in west. The samples were collected during the FORV Sagar
Sampada Cruise 334, Leg II around the Andaman and Nicobar Islands between the time period of
23rd January 2015 and 12th February 2015, along the Andaman waters between the Latitude 06°17'
N to 10°48‟ N and Longitude 92°11' E to 94°49‟ E. Even though dredging operations were carried
out for 6 stations and bottom trawl was operated at 5 stations, because of shortage of identification
keys lead to short list only selective animals to be studied from these environments.The study on the
faunal community in the deep water suggested that there were ten species distributed in these
environments with a significant indicator to depth. Out of these ten species four species belongs to
Sea Urchin, next four species belongs to Sea Star and each belongs to Gastropod and Sea Spider.
The sea urchin species are as follows. They are Calocidaris micans, Caenopedina annulata,
Phalacrocidaris japonica and Histocidaris sp. All these species were represented in the deep waters i.e.
more than 400 m depth. The present Histocidaris sp species is different from the earlier reported
species of this region and occurred at more depth than the earlier reports which suggested that this
may be a new record in this genus, from this water. Total four species of sea star were identified in
these environments. They are Lithosoma pentaphylla, Paragonaster subtilis, Zoroaster carinatus and
Ceramaster sp. These species were represented comparatively shallow waters (200 to 400 m).
Further, the species Paragonaster subtilis identified almost at similar depth in Bay of Bengal and
Andaman Sea suggested that both seas almost have similar niche. The species Xenophora pallidula
belongs to Gastropod exhibited a cosmopolitan nature i.e. it is represented from 200m to 570m
depth. However, the Sea Spider Colossendeis sp has represented the deep water environment i.e. more
than 650m depth. The study compared the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea stations, the
comparatively shallow water species existed in the Bay of Bengal regions and same did not show any
significant in the Andaman Sea stations. The deep water species diversity is more in the both the
seas.
Keywords: Deep Sea Environment, Benthic, Off Nicobar Islands, India
139
IOS-P-08
BENTHIC MACRO POLYCHAETES DISTRIBUTION ALONG THE INSHORE WATERS

OF KARWAR COAST, WEST COAST OF INDIA
Pradnya D. Bandekar1, Shivakumar B. Haragi1 and Shrikant, G. B2

1
Department of Studies in Marine Biology, Karnatak University Post Graduate Centre,
Kodibag, Karwar. Karnataka
2
Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, Old Goa
E-mail: pradnyakumari07@gmail.com
Polychaetes are bristle bearingsegmented worms which constitutes 80 % to the total benthic
faunal community, besides play a vital role in nutrients recycling and degradation of pollutants.
Polychaetes exhibiting a higher secondary production, hence they are an important link in marine
food webs. In this view polychaetes presence were assessed along the inshore waters of Karwar
coast. Benthic macro polychaetes comprised of 60 species belongs to 30 families were recorded. The
dominant families observed were Nereidae, Spionidae, Cossuridae, Eunicidae, Glycereidae,
Capitellidae and Sabellaridae. Highest biomass (160.50 ± 14.79) was observed in estuarine area with
Shannon species diversity index of 3.755. The sedimentological parameters study revealed the
higher percentage of clay composition and organic carbon sustaining the biomass of polychaetes
where as higher numerical abundance were noticed along the inshore waters with seasonal
oscillation. Pollution indicator species such as Capitella capitata, Prionospio pinnata, Mediomastus
capensis and Heteromastus filliformis were also observed from study area. Hence, a detailed
investigation regarding pollution index study along the Karwar coast is of dire need.
Keywords: Dominant macro polychaetes, Ecological parameters variables, Karwar coast
140
IOS-P-09
UNILOCULAR CALCAREOUS BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA FROM THE DEEP SEA

SEDIMENTS OF BAY OF BENGAL
Ranju, R and Damodaran, R.

CUSAT, Kochi-16, Kerala, India
E-mail: write2ranjur@gmail.com
Unilocular calcareous benthic foraminifera have always been a least explored group due to
their less frequent occurrence and small fragile tests. As there is a scarcity and confusion in their
taxonomy, these foraminifera are less known and understood especially from Indian waters. The
intricate and varied surface ornamentation of their tests make them unique and interesting
organisms. In the present study, the diversity of the unilocular benthic foraminifera from a 4.15 m
deep sea core collected from 3083 m depth of Bay of Bengal has been explored giving priority to the
surface ornamentation. A total of twenty three species belonging to one suborder, two families and
seven genera are being reported and described in the study, out of which eight are new reports from
Indian waters. Species of the genera Fissurina, Oolina and Lagena were having the maximum
numerical abundance. Although the numerical abundance of the unilocular foraminifera was low,
their diversity was found to be high in comparison to the other calcareous benthic foraminifera from
the core samples. Most of these ovoid to globular foraminifera are infaunal members which are
capable of surviving in the low oxygenated deep sea sediments effectively.
Keywords: Fissurina, Infauna, Unilocular Foraminifera
141
IOS-P-10
STOMATOPODS DIVERSITY ALONG NORTH WEST COAST OF INDIA AND ITS

POSSIBLE STRATEGIES FOR UTILIZATION
Abuthagir Iburahim, S.1, Kesavan1, Aradhana2, Ramkumar, S.3, Martin Xavier, K.A.1
andNayak, B.B.1
1
ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400061
2
KJ Somaiya College of Science & Commerce, Maharashtra-400077
3
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute-Mumbai research Centre, Maharashtra-400061
E-mail: abuthagir.frmpa704@cife.edu.in
Mantis shrimp are benthic, marine, predatory crustaceans that live in defendable burrows
and are also called as stomatopods. They have a diverse, complex range of social behaviours and
mating systems.Approximately 480 species in 7 superfamilies and 17 families are currently
recognized in the world. Squilla are a major prey in the trophic guild (where fishes are grouped on
the basis of feed similarity) of demersal fishes in the south-eastern Arabian Sea.Stomatopods,
forming a major group of by-catch in most of the regions of India. The estimated Stomatopod
production in India is 13,861 tonnes with major portion thrown back into the sea. This could be
utilized as a valuable raw material for bioactive peptide mining, food purposes, Nutraceuticals etc.
The diversity of Stomatopods in different fishing nets of the North West Coast are discussed in this
paper for its possible utilization strategies.
Key words: Stomatopods, By-catch, Utilisation
142
IOS-P-11
SEASONAL VARIATION IN DIVERSITY OF INTERTIDAL MOLLUSCS FROM UTTARA

KANNADA COAST, SOUTH WEST COAST OF INDIA
Sandhya Leeda D’Souza and Bhasker Shenoy, K.
Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574 199
E-mail: kshenoyb@gmail.com
Intertidal areas are the regions that are sandwiched between marine and terrestrial
environments. Organisms living in these zones have adapted to impact of waves, desiccation, and
sunlight. Molluscs belong to largest marine phylum of the animal kingdom and are second in number
to the arthropods. They are the link to the energy flow between primary producers and larger
consumers such as fish and shorebirds. In the present paper, a report on intertidal molluscan diversity
from selected beaches of Uttar Kannada coast viz. Murudeshwar, Honnavar, Karwar and Majali is
reported. Seasonal visits were carried out to these beaches from November 2016 to April 2018 and
sampling was done from three zones of intertidal area. Molluscs were collected using quadrates of
0.5m2 and identified using identification keys (Satyamurthy, 1952; Apte, 1998, Ramakrishna and
Dey, 2010). A total of 19 species of intertidal molluscs belonging to 10 families, 15 genera were
recorded from four beaches. They include 11 species of bivalves and 8 species of gastropods.
Population density and richness per quadrate were maximum at Karwar and Murudeshwar beach in
monsoon and post-monsoon respectively. Shannon-Wiener index (1.22) and Simpson index (0.67)
were highest in monsoon for Karwar beach and Majali beach. Species dominance was observed at
Murudeshwar in post-monsoon (0.622) and uneven distribution of species was seen at Karwar beach
in pre-monsoon. Karwar and Majali beaches displayed rich diversity (13) and abundance of
molluscs, whereas Murudeshwar beach was comparatively less diverse (3) than Honnavar beach (5).
Low tide zone of the shores was abundant with molluscs which could be attributed to the water
availability. Donax semigranosus was found in all the beaches. Donax pulchellus was seen in all
intertidal areas of Uttara Kannada except Karwar. Oliva oliva was the rare species seen in pre-
monsoon and postmonsoon in beaches of Honnavar and Majali respectively. Sunetta sp were
observed only in Karwar beach. Mactra luzonica was found only in Majali beach. Karwar was
abundant with molluscs in comparison with the disturbed shores of Honnavar and Murudeshwar.
No significant correlation emerged between diversity and ecological parameters which could be due
to narrow range of variables. Decrease in diversity of molluscs observed could be correlated to
increased beach tourism in Uttara Kannada coast.Creation of buffer zones around the sensitive
intertidal areas may help to protect the habitats of molluscs.
Key words: Diversity, Intertidal, Molluscs, Uttara Kannada Coast
143
IOS-P-12
COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF POLYCHAETE (ANNELIDA)

ASSEMBLAGES: AS GOOD DESCRIPTORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ALONG
ARTHUNKAL COAST, IN KERALA, SOUTH WEST COASTS OF INDIA
Sinu, J. V. and Miranda, M. T. P.
Department of Zoology and Research Centre,

Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), Kollam, Kerala, India
E-mail: sinujvarghese@gmail.com
Marine macrobenthic polychaetes surviving in the sea floor performkey ecosystem services
and are recently most preferred in bio-monitoring programs globally. Arthunkal- a fishery supported
coastal hamlet, 21 km north of Alleppey district is a teeming pilgrim centre. A detailed
documentation of macrobenthic polychaetes along Arthunkal is still lacking. As these sensitive
resources are sedentary in nature, they serve as excellent indicators of pollution and environmental
stress. The present work highlights the macrobenthic polychaete composition and its importance for
assessing the quality of marine environments. Seasonal cruises were carried out for a period of two
years (2012-2014) from five stations along the coastal belt of Arthunkal (9039'19''N and 76017'23''E)
in Arabian Sea, southern Kerala, India. Sediment samples for polychaetes analyses and samples for
hydro-geochemical variables were collected and analyzed using standard procedures and statistically
computed by using primer Vs 6, PAST and SPSS Vs 20 software. Composition, distribution and
abundance of polychaete species were affected by environmental variables prevailing along the
coast. Class polychaeta comprised forty two species. Among these, Magelonacincta, was the most
abundant polychaete at station V with characteristic sandy silt substrata, whereas Paraprionospiocoora,
which can tolerate wide environmental fluctuations, dominated at stations I and II. Sternaspisscutata
found in sediments with high organic content and silty substratum was the predominant species at
station III. Lumbrinerislatreilli, which prefer sandy silt substrata with moderate organic content, was
dominant at station IV.The study revealed that polychaetes were the most efficient bio indicator taxa
in benthic faunistic studies to assess the environmental status of marine systems.
Keywords: Coastal Ecosystems, Arthunkal, Bio Monitoring, Bio Indicator, Macrobenthos,

Polychaete Assemblages
144
IOS-P-13
SHALLOW-WATER MACROBENTHOS OF COASTAL ANDHRA PRADESH,

BAY OF BENGAL
Sonali Sanghamitra Rout1, 2, Bhagyashree Dash1, 2, Dipti Raut2 and Akkur Raman1
1
Marine Biological Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Andhra University
2
Environmental Science Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack,
Odisha -753003, India
E-mail: raut.dipti2@gmail.com
A baseline study (February-March 2017) on the benthic organisms across 48 GPS fixed
locations over 16 transects representing 10, 20, 30m in the coastal corridor (974 km) of Andhra
Pradesh between Durgarajupatnam (14°00.00' N) and Jagati (19°00.00' N) on the east coast of India
(Bay of Bengal) revealed 168 species of macrobenthos. Altogether 2331 individuals were collected
using a naturalist dredge that represented 7 major taxa namely, Cnidaria (1.3%), Stomatopoda
(0.2%), Brachyura (8%), Gastropoda (37%), Bivalvia (45.3%), Scaphopoda (0.2%) and
Echinodermata (8%). Among these, the bivalve Cardita aviculina was found with overwhelming
dominance (37.2%), followed by other taxa Turris bipartite, Cantharus tranquibaricum, Conus
recluzianus, Oliva vidua and Stellaster childreni which together constituted up to ~55% of the total
numbers. Observations on seawater quality (dissolved oxygen, salinity) and sediment characteristics
(grain size, organic matter) were made with a view to relate benthos distribution patterns to ambient
conditions. Multivariate techniques e.g. hierarchical clustering and non-metric Multi-Dimensional
Scaling implemented in PRIMER showed clustering of locations into three zones (South, Transition
and North) attributable to differences in the environmental conditions. Margalef diversity, Shannon-
Wiener H' and other indices (Evenness component and Rarefaction) remained in conformity to
abiotic conditions namely sediment nature and organic content. It is noteworthy that the investigation
brought to light several (18) hither to unknown species for coastal Andhra Pradesh and additional 3
species as new records to India.
Keywords: Bay of Bengal, Benthos, Community, Diversity, Epifauna
145
IOS-P-14
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF CHRISTMAS TREE WORMS FROM CORAL

REEF ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH ANDAMAN COAST
Vidyalakshmi D1and Jayant Kumar Mishra2

1
Department of Marine Biology, Micro Biology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences,
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India
2
Department of Ocean studies and Marine Biology, Brookshabad Campus, Pondicherry
University, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744 101
E-mail: vidyalakshmi267@gmail.com
Andaman and Nicobar Island has a great biodiversity of corals and coral associate fauna.
Christmas tree worms (Spirobranches gigantus) are tube dwelling annelid worm under Serpulidae
family. The presence of these worms gives a rapid assessment for increased sedimentation and also
plays a major role as biological indicator of environmental stress on coral reef ecosystem. The
present study was conducted to study the distribution and compare the abundance of Christmas tree
worms in different stations of South Andaman. In order to determine the distribution of Christmas
tree worm, base transect method was used. 10 meter transect was placed at each sampling station
and the abundance was counted with the help of a quadrant and physical parameters were also
measured in all the respective stations. The life span of Spirobranchus gigantus depends upon the
water quality and health of coral reef inhabitation. It was noted that these Christmas tree worms
were abundant in the coast of South Andaman, especially in North Bay. North Bay had a wide
stretch of coral bed compared to other stations.
Keywords: Christmas Tree Worm, Spirobranchus gigantus, Biodiversity, Sedimentation
146
Lead lecture
HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS IN THE BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS
Abdulaziz Anas, Jasmin C, Abdul Jaleel K.U.
Recent literature indicates that health and ecological adaptations of higher organisms
including humans are largely orchestrated by the associated microorganisms. In marine
environment, the benthic organism, especially the in-fauna, are more susceptible and adaptable to
the drastic environmental conditions originated either due to the natural or anthropogenic inputs.
We hypothesized that it is the association between benthic organisms and their microbiome, which
contribute significantly to the health, tolerance to drastic conditions and ecological role of benthic
organisms. In the present manuscript, we discuss the diversity in the microbiome of benthic
organisms and the cellular and molecular basis of their interaction using sponge-microbe interaction
as an example.
Keywords:Benthos, Host-microbe, Microbiome, Sponge
147
Lead lecture
EXPLORING THE MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF FREE-LIVING MARINE NEMATODES:
SUCCESS AND CHALLENGES
Punyasloke Bhadury
Integrative Taxonomy and Microbial Ecology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences
and Centre for Climate and Environmental Studies,Indian Institute of Science Education and
Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
E-mail: pbhadury@iiserkol.ac.in
The phylum Nematoda represents one of the most diverse and abundant benthic faunal
groups in coastal and marine sedimentary environments. Free-living marine nematodes are present
in all types of sedimentary marine habitats. These organisms can provide important information on
the „health‟ of ecosystem in which they live, and are widely recognized as excellent bioindicators of
natural or anthropogenic disturbances. Moreover, the number of valid free-living marine nematode
species based on morpho-taxonomy, even after two centuries of research stands at 6900, which is
approximately 19% of the total number of species that has been estimated to be present in marine
environment. Identification of free-living marine nematodes is mainly carried out based on careful
observation of morphological characters under a microscope. However, such observation is
extremely time- consuming and problematic, mainly because of the nature of superficial taxonomy,
high phenotypic plasticity among populations and absence of clear taxonomic diagnostic characters
for identification of cryptic species. Molecular biology tools have been proven to be very useful for
identification of free-living marine nematodes as well as accelerating biodiversity surveys including
questions related to population genetics. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be applied to
investigate genetic variation or sequence variation within a population or across community scale
and understand the functional consequences of such variations as part of ecosystem processes. The
application of NGS or metabarcoding is yet to be tested for free-living marine nematodes from
coastal habitats of India. The identified 18S rRNA region as part of DNA barcoding surveys could
be used for metabarcoding with the possibility to include new barcode targets such as the
mitochondrial COI regions. However, it is important to emphasize the success of metabarcoding
using NGS will largely depend on the robustness of analysis such as pipelines for processing raw
data and also taking into account the current limitations with published sequence databases for free-
living marine nematodes especially in tropical and sub-tropical coastal ecosystems. To conclude,
morpho taxonomy coupled with metabarcoding could become an essential tool for undertaking large
scale biodiversity assessment studies in order to address critical questions pertaining to biogeography
and evolution of animal phyla on a global scale.
Keywords: Marine Environment, Nematoda, Next-Generation Sequencing
148
BMB-O-01
DIVERSITY AND ASSOCIATED HYDROLYTIC ENZYME PRODUCTION OF SEDIMENT

BORNE BACTERIA ALONG THE NORTHERN COAST OF KERALA, INDIA
Anit M. Thomas1,2, Abhijith, M.1, Sanilkumar, M.G1,3, Vijayalakshmy, K.C.1,
Mohamed Hatha, A.A1, and Saramma, A.V.1
1
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi- 682016, Kerala
2
Department of Zoology, Baselius College, Kottayam- 686001
3
Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, SNM College, Maliankara- 683516
E-mail: abhijith86@gmail.com
Benthic microbiota play an important role in biogeochemical cycles, with many of them
producing enzymes involved in remineralization of organic matter. In the present study, cultivable
bacterial diversity from sediments of 3 estuarine and 3 marine stations along the northern coast of
Kerala was studied during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2009 and 2010.
Algal blooms have been reported from this region as a result of nutrient enrichment due to
monsoonal upwelling and riverine discharge. The isolated bacteria were tested for their ability to
produce hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, lipase, gelatinase, phosphatase, alginase, ligninase,
and cellulase. A total of 221 strains belonging to 13 genera were identified during the two years, of
which Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp. were the most dominant strains. As evidenced from the
Shannon diversity index, it was found that the diversity of bacteria increased during the post-
monsoon seasons of both the years. It was also observed that the number of strains producing
gelatinase and phosphatase increased to almost 90% during this season. Pre-monsoon periods had
the lowest diversity and enzyme producing strains. It could be inferred that bacterial diversity and
enzyme production are influenced by seasonal variability, along with other abiotic influences which
need to be addressed further.
Keywords: Benthic Microbial Diversity, Hydrolytic Enzymes, Monsoon
149
BMB-O-02
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF OCYPODE CERATOPHTHALMA PALLAS, 1772

INFERRED FROM MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I
Deepak Jose, Harikrishnan, M., Sameera, S., Anil Kumar, K.P. and Nidhin, B.
School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682016, Kerala,
India
E-mail: deepak87juv@gmail.com, deepak140887@gmail.com
Tropical marine crabs among benthic crustaceans inhabit reef environments, shallow shores
as well as intertidal regions. Ghost crabs (Genus Ocypode Weber, 1795; Family Ocypodidae) are
known to be major inhabitants of Indo-Pacific and congeners like O ceratopththalma Pallas, 1772, O.
stimpsoni Ortmann, 1897, O. mortoni George, 1982, O. sinensis Dai, Song & Yang, 1985 and O.
cordimanus Latreille, 1818 have been reported from Indian waters. During a fishery survey conducted
in south west coast of India, ghost crabs were collected and identified as O. ceratopththalma based on
their morphological characters. In addition, molecular characterization was carried out using
mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene sequences for species confirmation and
phylogenetic analyses. Phylogram generated using COI sequences of O. ceratopththalma (developed
and acquired from NCBI) confirmed the speciation of collected individuals since all corresponding
nucleotides arrayed under a major clade with higher bootstrap support (>98%). Phylogenetic
relationships among the different congeners of genus Ocypode were also analysed using additional
acquired COI sequences. Findings of phylogram were justified by genetic distance data which
revealed lower intraspecific genetic distance in O. ceratopththalma (<3%). However, interspecific
genetic distance was higher among different congeners. Present, study represents the first molecular
approach to infer the phylogenetic relationship of genus Ocypode.
Keywords: Ocypode ceratophthalma, South West Coast, Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit
I, Molecular Phylogeny
150
BMB-O-03
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SCALINDUA ANAMMOX COMMUNITY IN THE

MARINE SEDIMENTS OFF KOCHI, INDIA IN THE ARABIAN SEA
Jovitha Lincy, V.J.

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography
Campus, Goa-403004, India
E-mail: jovithalincy@gmail.com
Scalindua, the most dominant and diverse marine anammox community reported, is known to
play a significant role in fixed nitrogen removal in oxygen-depleted zones. The anammox bacterial
diversity and abundance was investigated in the hypoxic sediments from off Kochi region in the
South-Eastern Arabian Sea targeting multiple proxies utilizing various well-studied primer sets. The
Scalindua specific 16S rRNA and anammox specific hydrazine marker genes, i.e. synthase, hzsA and
oxidoreductase, hzo were characterized. The partial 16S rRNA gene signifies high phylotypic
diversity within the genus. The phylogeny studies based on hydrazine markers confirm that only
Scalindua-like anammox community is present in the sampled site. The copy number estimation has
identified only ≤7 x104 gene copies per gram of sediment in the sampled site. Targeted gene-specific
studies are highly relevant especially for minority representatives like „anammox Scalindua,' in the
areas of high substrate availability and reducing environment which leads to active cycling of
nitrogen.
Keywords: Anammox, Arabian Sea, Micro Diversity, OMZ, Hydrazine, Scalindua
151
BMB-O-04
DIVERSITY OF YEASTS IN THE MANGROVE SEDIMENTS OF PUTHUVYPPU:

A PRE-MONSOON AND POST KERALA FLOODS STUDY
Manjusha, K. and Nefla, N
St. Xavier‟s College for Women, Aluva, Kerala, India
E-mail: manju21ju@gmail.com
Mangroves are a unique ecosystem that inhabits the shoreline regions of tropical and
subtropical marine habitats. Multicellular and unicellular fungi associated with these mangroves
have significant role in these ecosystems as decomposers and important components of the food
web. In this investigation the sediments from 10 stations placed about 50 m apart along the
mangroves of Puthuvyppe were used as a source for the isolation of marine yeasts. Samples were
collected during the month of April 2018 (Pre-monsoon) and in the month of September after the
Kerala floods. A total 111 strains of yeast were obtained out of which 39 were obtained during pre-
monsoon and 72 from post-flood sampling. Only 9% of the isolates of Puthuvyppin were pigmented.
Based on the routine morphological, cultural and biochemical identification it was found 91% of the
isolates belonged to the genera Candida. C. tropicalis was the predominant species both during pre-
monsoon and post-flood sampling. Pigmented yeasts belonged to genera Rhodotorula. Though there
was an increase in number of isolates during post flood sampling, the species isolated remained the
same. An investigation of the hydrolytic potential revealed that 100%, 25%, 9% and 6 % of the
isolates were lipase, urease, amylase, and gelatinase positive respectively. It is clear from this study
that C. tropicalis is widely distributed in the mangrove sediments both before and during the
monsoons indicating that they play a critical role in the mangrove sediments. The screening for
hydrolytic enzymes revealed that some of the yeast isolates hold great biotic potential.
Keywords: Marine Yeast, Mangroves, Candida tropicalis, Rhodotorula sp., Enzymes
152
BMB-O-05
OCCURRENCE OF ENDOPARASITIC INFESTATIONS IN DEMERSAL FISHES: IS

CLIMATE CHANGE THE CULPRIT?
Livi Wilson1, Zacharia, P.U.1, ArchanaChandran2, Sanil, N.K.2 and Najmudeen, T. M.1
1
Demersal Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi
2
Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi
E-mail: liviwilson@gmail.com
Studies were carried out to assess the prevalence of parasitic infestation in the gonads of
some of the major demersal fish species along Kerala coast. Occurrences of parasitic infestation were
frequent in fishes belonging to the family Lutjanidae and Priacanthidae. Histopathological
examination revealed that the infestation disrupted the ovarian lamellar walls, causing atrophy.In
some cases, due to heavy incursion, the whole ovary was occupied by the parasites rendering the
ovary black and instances of low fecundity. Subsequent detailed morphological and molecular
studies on the parasite samples revealed that they arephilometridnematods belonging to the
superfamily Dracunculoidea Stiles, 1907. The infestation was more predominant in mature and
spent/recovering stages of ovary. Highest prevalence of philometrid parasite in gonads was recorded
(32%) in September-November, 2017. It is of significance to note that among the demersal fishes,
coral reef associated fishes are more prone to parasite attack, which may be due to the increasing sea
surface temperature in the reefs which favour the progression of parasites.Increased water
temperature is predicted to enhance parasite metabolism, resulting in more rapid spread of parasites.
Climate change may cause heavy toll on the coral reef associated fishes as the high prevalence of
parasites in the gonads can cause pronounced harm to the fish stocks by destroying the eggs and
hamper recruitment.
Keywords: Climate Change, Demersal Fishes, Philometridnematods, Prevalence
153
BMB-O-06
GENETIC VARIATION IN SOME POLYCHAETE SPECIES OF VELLAR ESTUARY

MANGROVES, TAMIL NADU USING 18S RRNA GENE SEQUENCE
Thangaraj, M., Reena Singh, Annadurai, D., Ramesh, T and Kumaran, R.
Annamalai University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology,
Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, India - 608 502
E.mail: coralholder@yahoo.com
Class Polychaeta is one of the broad studied macro benthic fauna. Regarding taxonomy,
even now most of the species have been identified only by conventional morphology. Recently,
application of DNA sequences has shown to be greatly useful to verify the species. In this study, we
have used sequences of the 18S rRNA gene from 14 species belonging to six family to barcode and
investigate the molecular variation within the polychaetes from the Vellar estuary mangroves of
India. Based on the sequence data, it was revealed that, the maximum A+T content (52.30%) was in
Perinereis camiguinoidesand minimum (43.80%) in Naineris quadricuspida. Similarly, the maximum
C+G value of 56.20%was observed in N. quadricuspida and least content of 47.7% was estimated in
P. camiguinoides. The maximum K2P distance (1.602) was found between Orbiniidae and
Capitellidae family. Whereas, the minimum K2P distance of 0.058 was observed between
Lubrineridae and Glyceridae. However, the maximum K2P distance within family was observed in
Nereididae (0.188) and the minimum value of 0.003 was recorded within Capitellidae and
Glyceridae family. The maximum likelihood tree clearly demonstrates the efficacy of 18S rRNA gene in
discriminating polychaete individuals both at genus and species level. Topologically two major clades
were formed; one comprising 13 species belonging to five families (Nereididae, Gyceridae,
Lumbrineridae, Eunicidae, Orbiniidae) and the next clade residing Capitellidae. An intensive research is
needed to assess the genetic variation of all polychaete in the Vellar estuary mangroves with
additional molecular markers.
Key words: Polychaete, Mangrove, Genetic Distance, 18S rRNA, Phylogeny
154
BMB-O-07
CORAL DISEASE INCIDENCE AT A TROPICAL ATOLL
Krishnaveny, S.1,2, Sobhana, K. S.2, Sreenath, K. R.2, Joshi, K. K.2 and Alvin A.1,2
1
School of Marine Science, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, India
2
Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India - 682 018
E-mail:krishnaveny1512@gmail.com
More than being a mere collection of polyps, the corals have a great role in creation of one of
the most biodiverse, productive and valuable ecosystems of the world, the coral reefs. Besides being
habitat for a myriad of living organisms, the protective role it plays to shield the coastlines, its
contribution to the livelihood of local people, the importance of coral reef is evident from the fact
that changes in coral growth patterns are indicators of shift in global climatic events. Coral reefs
worldwide are under threat of degradation and mortality due to the warming climate and secondary
threats like coral diseases prevents many of the bleached corals to recover back to its healthy state.
Hence, coral diseases are area of great concern in the dawn of conservation status attributed to coral
reef ecosystems. Survey of coral diseases undertaken in one of the tropical atolls unveiled that hard
corals in this area is afflicted with a range of diseases such as White syndrome, Pink-line syndrome,
Porites‟ trematodiasis, Growth anomaly, Skeletal Eroding Band, Yellow band/ blotch disease and
Purple band disease. White syndrome and Pink-line syndrome is more prevalent. Large scale
bleaching is apparent in corals, especially dominant in Porites. Tissue loss (acute, subacute and
chronic), ulcerative lesions due to infestation by predatory fishes and giant clams, cyanophyte
infections, necrotic patches and extensive algal colonization accelerates coral destruction. Coral
disease assessments and constant monitoring is an inevitable stride towards accomplishment of coral
reef resilience.
Keywords: White syndrome, Pink-line syndrome, Porites, Lakshadweep atolls
155
BMB-P-01
DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA AND THEIR

EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME PRODUCTION POTENTIAL ALONG
MAHARASHTRA COAST
Bhavya Kachiprath, Varsha, M. S., Vincent, P. D., Anit .M. Thomas, Vijayalakshmi, K.C. and
Saramma, A.V.
Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences,

Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin - 682016, Kerala, India
E-mail: bhavyacusat@gmail.com
Marine microorganisms have been calling more and more attention as a resource for new
enzymes since the microbial enzymes are relatively more stable and active than the corresponding
enzymes derived from plants and animals. In this study, occurrence and distribution of heterotrophic
bacteria in the coastal and estuarine stations along Maharashtra coast and their extracellular enzyme
production have been investigated.Water samples were collected during cruise No. 284 (January –
February, 2011) by FORV Sagar Sampada. Hydrographical parameters such as salinity, pH,
temperature and dissolved oxygen were estimated along with spectrophotometric analysis of
nutrients such as nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicate and chlorophyll (Grasshoff, 1983). From the
water samples of twelve stations, highest Total Heterotropic Bacterial count (THB) was obtained
from station no. 7 (456 x 102 cfu/ml) and lowest from station no. 5 (80 x 102 cfu/ml). Among the 89
bacterial strains isolated, 80 strains were (90%) gram positive and the remaining 9 were (10%) gram
negative. Different genera observed in the water samples include Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Bacillus,
Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Moraxella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Vibrio of which Bacillus
was the dominant group. Out of 89 strains, 56 strains were amylase positive (62.9%), 65 were lipase
positive (73%), 77 were gelatinase positive (86.5%), 4 were ligninase positive (4.49%), 85 were
phosphatase positive (95.5%) and all the strains were pectinase negative. The current study
concluded that chemical, physical and biological parameters determine the distribution of THB in
each station and also influence the extracellular enzyme production of each genera along
Maharashtra coast.
Key words: Coastal; Estuarine; Heterotropic Bacteria; Microorganisms; Enzymes; Maharashtra

Coast.
156
BMB-P-02
DNA BARCODING CONFIRMS THE OCCURRENCE OF ALPHEUS LOBIDENS DE HAAN,

1849 IN COCHIN BACKWATERS
Anil Kumar, K.P., Harikrishnan, M., Deepak Jose, Nidhin, B. and Rithin Raj, M.
School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682016, Kerala,
India
E-mail: kpanilkumaranil@gmail.com
Occurrence of snapping shrimps (Family Alpheidae) have been recorded from diverse
aquatic environments like intertidal zones to great depths in tropical and subtropical ecosystems.
Around 296 extant species have been reported in genus Alpheus world wide and 15 species are
known from Indian waters. Alpheus lobidens represents a medium sized snapping shrimp of the
Edwardsii group, distributed in the Indo-west Pacific, from Red sea, South Africa to Japan,
Australia and Hawaii.Cochin backwaters is an important Ramsar site in south west coast of India
and provides natural habitat to many rare and endemic fish and crustacean fauna. During an
ecological survey conducted in Cochin backwaters a number of snapping shrimps of genus Alpheus
were collected and identified as A. lobidens based on morphological characters. Further, DNA
barcoding was undertaken to develop molecular data viz. COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences.
Phylogram and genetic distance data (< 3%) confirmed the speciation of morphologically identified
individuals as a member of A. lobidens species complex.
Key words: Alpheus lobidens, Cochin Backwaters, DNA Barcoding, COI and 16S rRNA
157
BMB-P-03
INTEGRATED TAXONOMY REVEALS THE EXCEPTIONAL PHENOTYPIC

PLASTICITY IN CONUS (PINOCONUS) CATUS AMONG THE ANDAMAN AND
LAKSHADWEEP ARCHIPELAGOS
Shijin Ameri1, Laxmilatha Pappurajam1, Labeeb, K.A1. Ranjith, L.1 and Kathirvel Pandian, A.2
1
ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, P B No. 1603, Ernakulam North P O, Kochi
682018, Kerala
2
ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, PMFGR centre, CMFRI Campus, P B No.
1603, Ernakulm North P O Kochi 682018, Kerala
E-mail: shijin2050@gmail.com
Species delimitation in the cone snails has long been difficult, because of its extraordinary
taxonomic and ecological diversity. Shell characters and primarily colour patterns are the basic
taxonomic features. Here we used molecular sequence data from three mitochondrial gene regions
(16S rRNA, 12SrRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and a nuclear gene (Histone3) to resolve
phenotypic plasticity among the Conus (Pinoconus) catus in varying ecosystems of Andaman and
Lakshadweep archipelagos.Morphological parameters were recorded for the phenotypes of the
species collected from different ecosystems such as rocky intertidal beds, lagoons, inner reef
platforms, sea grass beds, and sandy shores. Specific differences were observed for shell coloration.
Maximum likelihood clustering approach were done based on mitochondrial genes, COI (658bp),
16s rRNA (540bp), 12s rRNA (460bp) and Nuclear H3 gene (360bp) amplified in the specimens of
varying phenotypes of C.catus. The analysis revealed that C.catus showsexceptional phenotypic
plasticity among ecosystems without any genetic modification. This current plasticity could be the
outcome of epigenetic factors associated with ecological adaptation. The present study generated
species-specific molecular signatures from varying phenotypes of C.catus and closely related species
Conus striolatus. These findings provide confirmation of phenotypic variation and can be used
effectively for conotoxin based bio prospecting research on the species and also conservation and
management purposes.
Keywords: Conus, COI, 16SrRNA, 12SrRNA, Histone3, Indian Ocean.
158
BMB-P-04
REVISITING THE PHYLOGENY OF SPONGES FROM THE CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS

OF GULF OF MANNAR, INDIA
Jasmin, C., Vrinda, S., BaluTharakan, Anas Abdulaziz and Thomas, P.A.
CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Cochin
Sponges (Phylum: Porifera) are the ancient metazoans, with around 8500 taxonomically
validated species reported worldwide till date. They are populated in coral reefs, tropical oceans,
temperate water and fresh water, and plays a vital role in primary production, biogeochemical cycles
and also provide breeding and nursery ground for many other benthic inhabitants like fishes, crabs
and polychaetes.There are approximately 486 species of sponges reported from Indian waters and
nearly 275 are reported from coral reef ecosystems of Gulf of Mannar. The studies on sponges is
more relevant in recent years in the realm of global warming as they are more resilient to
environmental changes compared to the corals. They are reported to numerically overtaken the
corals in many reef ecosystems where the coral cover is reduced due to global warming.
Identification of Sponge species using classical taxonomic approach is quite difficult due to the
plasticity in their morphological characteristics. Molecular phylogeny tools like DNA barcoding are
the widely accepted in this context. A combined approach of traditional taxonomy and DNA
barcoding can precisely define each sponge species vividly. The present study aims at revisiting the
phylogeny of few sponge of class Demospongiae collected from Gulf of Mannar using traditional
taxonomyas well as molecular tools. The sponges were identified based on classical taxonomic tools.
Further, we extracted genomic DNA from the tissue samples, amplified and sequenced the COI and
28S rRNA gene. The sequences of the barcoded sponges were submitted to GenBank.The results of
DNA barcoding of sponges from Gulf of Mannar reveal the phylogenetic delineation of sponges to
three major subclass heteroscleromorpha, verongimorpha and keratosa of class Demospongiae. In
short, we initiated the barcoding of marine sponges in Indian waters, which would be highly useful
for the identification and preservation of the organisms.
Keywords: Sponges, Barcoding, Gulf of Mannar
159
BMB-P-05
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF A DNA

VIRUS BELONGING TO FAMILY MEGAVIRIDAE FROM THE SEDIMENTS OF
COCHIN ESTUARY
Aishwarya, P.V., Anjali S. Mohan, Hazeena M. Ameen, Rajasree, M. R., Rosamma Philip and
Swapna P. Antony
University of Science and Technology, Cochin-682016, Kerala, India.
E-mail: aishwaryapv52@gmail.com
Viruses are the most copious biological entities and approximately 1030 viruses are estimated
to inhabit the marine ecosystem. The present study is aimed at the identification, molecular
characterization and phylogenetic analysis of marine DNA viruses belonging to the family
Megaviridae. Briefly, viral particles were purified and concentrated by centrifugation, filtration and
precipitation from the sediments. Presence and purity of the viral particles were confirmed at each
stage of purification by epiflourescence microscopy stained with SYBR Gold. Metagenomic DNA
was extracted from the viral particles and PCR amplification was performed using specific primers
designed for the major capsid protein gene of Megaviruses. Positive amplicons were sequenced and
analysed using GeneTool, BioEdit, BLASTx, ViroBLAST, ExPASy, ClustalW and Mega 6.0
programmes. A 444 bp fragment encoding 148 amino acids and possessing homology to the major
capsid protein gene of Megaviridae could be obtained. BLASTx analysis shown more similarity with
already submitted MCP of a Megaviridae from environmental samples followed by putative major
capsid protein and MCP of Chrysochromulina ericina virus. Multiple alignment performed for the
nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of the major capsid protein gene showed the presence
of conserved regions with the sequence. The phylogenetic relationship of Megaviridae from various
sources were also established, based on nucleotide sequence of the major capsid protein gene. The
present study provides a clearer insight into marine DNA viruses belonging to Megaviridae present in
the Cochin estuary environment.
Keywords: Virus, Cochin Estuary, Megaviridae, Major Capsid Protein, Phylogeny
160
BMB-P-06
EFFECT OF LEAF LITTER ON PROTOZOAN COMMUNITIES –

A MICROCOSM APPROACH USING FOLDSCOPE
Gislin Davis and Baby Divya
Department of Zoology, St. Xavier‟s College for Women, Aluva 683101, Kerala
E-mail: babydivya@stxaviersaluva.com
Leaf litter provides an excellent source of nutrient for protozoans and they could be sensitive
to changes in seasonality, quantity, diversity and quality of litter. The present study investigated the
effect of leaf litter on freshwater protozoan communities from water samples collected from
Irumbakkulam, a freshwater pond. Laboratory microcosms were set up with leaves of six type of
plants associated with pond. Protozoan abundance and diversity was observed for six weeks at
weekly intervals using foldscope, an ultra-affordable paper microscope. Interestingly, irrespective of
seasons, the highest number of protozoa was observed in Mangifera indica with a value of 69.46 cells
ml-1and 1.52 x 102 cells ml-1during monsoon and non-monsoon respectively. This was followed by
Alternanthera reineckii with a value of 33.5 cells ml-1during monsoon and Gliricidia sepium with a value
of 63 cells ml-1during non-monsoon. The lowest was observed in Mikania micranthain both the
seasons with 9.2 cells ml-1 and 20.4 cells ml-1respectively in monsoon and non-monsoon.
Observations through foldscope showed that highest diversity was observed in microcosm with the
bryophyte Bryum sp. with diversity index of 2.3. Paramecium, Arcella, Vorticella, Colpodium, Euplotes,
Cryptodifflugia, Trinema, Quadralulalla, Centropyxis, Coleps and Heliozo. The relationship between litter
quality and protozoan abundance and diversity is discussed.
Keywords: Foldscope, Leaf Litter, Freshwater Protozoa, Irumbakkulam
161
BMB-P-07
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF A DNA

VIRUS BELONGING TO FAMILY PHYCODNAVIRIDAE FROM THE SEDIMENTS OF
ARABIAN SEA
Rajasree, M R, Anjali S. Mohan, Aishwarya, P .V, Hazeena M. Ameen, Rosamma Philip

and Swapna P. Antony

Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin-682016, Kerala, India
E-mail:aishwaryapv52@gmail.com
Very little is known about the diversity and phylogeny of viruses present in marine
ecosystem, even though they are considered as the most abundant biological entities. The present
study is aimed at the identification, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of marine
DNA viruses belonging to the family Phycodnaviridaefrom the Arabian Sea sediments. Metagenomic
DNA was extracted from the sediment samples and PCR amplification was done by using specific
primers designed for the Phycodnavirus. Positive amplicons were sequenced and analysed by using
GeneTool, BioEdit, BLASTx, ViroBLAST, ExPASy, ClustalW and Mega 6.0 programmes. A 412
bp fragment encoding 137 amino acids and possessing homology to the MCP gene of family
Phycodnaviridae obtained. BLASTx analysis of the sequences showed more similarity with major
capsid protein gene of Megaviridae from environmental samples, followed by MCP of
Chrysochromulina ericina virus, Chrysochromulina parva virus and uncultured Phycodnavirus.
Phylogenetic trees were constructed for the marine Phycodnaviridae based on BLASTx analysis
performed specifically against Phycodnaviridae as well as against complete viral sequences. For
phylogenetic analysis, maximum likely hood and neighbour joining methods were used. Neighbour-
joining tree constructed using bootstrapped (1000) MEGA version 6.0. Phylogenetic tree was
constructed including MCP from uncultured Phycodnaviruses, Chrysochromulina parva virus,
Megaviruses from environmental samples, Chrysochromulina ericina virus and unknown
Phycodnaviridae. The query sequence was found to group along with MCP of Megaviruses from
environmental samples for a bootstrap value of 96; which confirms the sequence to be the MCP of a
Megavirus. The present study provides insight into Phycodnaviridae present in the Arabian Sea.
Keywords: Virus, Phycodnaviridae, Phylogeny, Major Capsid Protein
162
BMB-P-08
PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA FROM SEDIMENTS OF

KONGSFJORDEN
Satheesh Kumar, Thasneem, T.R. andMohamed Hatha, A.A.
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and
Technology, Cochin – 682 016, Kerala, India
E-mail: mohamedhatha@gmail.com
Production in the Arctic fjords in summer season is mostly limited by availability of

nutrients. Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient in the Arctic Fjords. Unlike other major nutrient cycles,
phosphorus cycle is a sedimentary cycle and part of it is always lost to the sediments. Release of this
sediment bound phosphorus is of critical importance and is mostly released by sediment-borne
bacteria which are capable of producing phosphatase. In the present study ability of heterotrophic
bacteria from the Kongsfjorden sediment was evaluated for the release of phosphorus from the
sediment. Speciation of sediment bound phosphorus is carried out. Heterotrophic bacteria were
isolated and evaluated for their ability to produce various phosphatase enzymes such as neutral,
alkaline and acid phosphatase. Effect of pH and temperature on the phosphatase activity of selected
strains of bacteria were also studied. Many of the sediment borne bacteria were capable of releasing
phosphatase. Phosphatase activity was found to be affected by various environmental parameters.
Keywords: Kongsfjorden, Sediment, Bacteria, Phosphatase
163
BMB-P-09
DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF CILIATE EPIBIONTS ON THE PROP ROOT OF

RHIZOPHORA APICULATA
Chithra, P. and Sunil Kumar, R.
Department of Zoology Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
E-mail: chithraprotozoa@gmail.com
The ecology of the ciliates epibionts on the mangrove prop root has received little attention
compared to the macro and meiobenthic community. The characteristic feature of the Rhizophora
apiculata is the network of prop root covered with epibiont film. This study is focused to evaluate the
difference in the distributional pattern of ciliates on the mangrove prop root. A total of 128 species
belonging to 11 subclasses were identified from the study period. Maximum species density (107
species/cm2) and Shannon diversity (1.72) was observed in the lower level of prop root (A) and
minimum (43 species/cm2 and 1.04) recorded in the upper level (C) whereas the maximum
Margaleff species richness (50.89) was recorded from level (C). It was also estimated that peritricha
was the dominant subclass recorded from three successive levels. Zoothamnium adamsi was the
dominant species recorded from the study period. The observed ciliates possess some special
adaptation to survive on the peculiar environmental conditions of the mangrove ecosystem.The
study revealed that the physico chemical parameters of water showed not much significant impact
on the distribution of ciliate epibionts on mangrove prop root.
Keywords: Epibionts, Ciliates, Rhizophora apiculata, Prop Root
164
BMB-P-10
STUDY OF GUT MICROFLORA OF THREE SPECIES OF PORTUNID CRABS FROM

GUJARAT
Solanki, V. C., Suthar, T and Bhatt, S. A.
Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat
E-mail: vcsolankicr@gmail.com
The aquaculture industry of the world has been facing serious problem due to microbial
diseases. The present work was carried out to study the diversity of gut micro flora of three
commercially important brachyuran crabs, Portunus segnis, Portunus sanguinolentus and Charybdis
feriatus. The specimens of crabs were collected from fish market of Okha, Gujarat. Specimens were
stored in ice and their gut was dissected in the laboratory. Gut content were preserved in n-saline for
further process. Serial dilution method was used to isolate bacterial species from gut content using
zobell marine agar medium. Antibiotic and lactic acid producing activity of bacterial isolates was
also studied. The total viable counts of bacteria from the guts of P. segnis, P. senguinolentus and C.
feriatus were 6×104 cfu/g ml-1 , 11×104 cfu/g ml-1 and 7 x 104 cfu/g ml-1 respectively. Total 15
bacterial isolates (7 from P. segnis, 4 from P. senguinolentus and 4 from C. feriatus) were isolated from
gut of these crab species. Out of 15 bacterial isolates, 11 bacterial isolates were found potential for
antibiotic producing capacity. Out of these 11 bacterial isolates, PR 04 identified as Pseudomonas sp
on the basis of biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequencing showed maximum antibiotic and lactic
acid producing activity. The present results showed that gut flora of brachyuran crabs have great
potential in the production of antibiotics and more work should be carried out on other
noncommercial crab species for their gut floral diversity.
Keywords: Microflora, Brachyuran Crabs, Antibiotics, Lactic Acid Production, Marine

Environment
165
BMB-P-11
ROLE OF AZOTOBACTER SPECIES IN CONSERVATION OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM
Fauziya, K.M.
Department of Biosciences, MES College, Marampally
E-mail: kmfouziya@gmail.com
Biofertilizers are the live or inactive cells of beneficial microorganisms, which helps in
receiving all nutrients to the plants. The beneficial microorganisms include rhizobium, azotobacters,
azospirillum, cyanobacteria, phosphobacteria and mycorrhiza. Among these, azotobacters and
phosphobacteria play major role in the supply of nutrients and in the plant growth promoting
activities. However, these bacteria are present in low populations in the natural environment. Hence,
they are multiplied artificially and incorporated in to the agricultural lands in the form of
biofertilizers. Coastal mangroves are tropical and sub-tropical trees being deforested at an alarming
scale and they generally self-regenerate after clear cutting. In some instances, regeneration is aided
by the propagules sown by the forest personnel .But in semi-arid tropics, following clear-cutting the
mangroves hardly ever regenerate due to very low levels of nitrogen. Along the Cochin backwaters
the destruction of mangroves has been very important issue and works are undergoing in the
conservation of mangroves. In this project we aimed to find out the biofertilizer activity of
Azotobacter species and to find out the effect of Azotobacter in the mangrove seedlings. A tremendous
increase in the level of carbohydrate and protein was observed in the mangrove seedling which has
undergone azotobacterization. Thus confirmed that the azotobacterization is an effective method to
restore the mangrove ecosystem.
Keywords: Biofertiliser, Azotobacter, Mangrove, Ecosystem
166
Lead lecture
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY ACT 2002 AND ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING:
CURRENT INDIAN SCENARIO
Varma, R.V.
Chairman, Expert Committee on ABS, NBA

& Former Chairman, Kerala State Biodiversity Board
E-mail:varmarv@gmail.com
The paper deals with the important clauses of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 (BD Act)
and its relevance to scientists and scientific institutions. The access and benefit sharing (ABS) is an
important aspect of the BD Act and how this is being implemented in India with examples are
provided. Some of the challenges that we face while implementing the BD Act are also dealt with.
Keywords: Biological Diversity Act; Access and Benefit Sharing; National Biodiversity Authority;
State Biodiversity Board; Biodiversity Management Committee
167
Lead lecture
RAPIDLY WARMING ARCTIC –
IMPLICATIONS FOR BENTHIC LIFE IN ARCTIC FJORDS
Mohamed Hatha, A. A.
University of Science and Technology, Cochin- 682 016, Kerala, India.
E-mail: mohamedhatha@gmail.com; mohamedhatha@cusat.ac.in
The retreating glaciers are resulting in an increase in inorganic sedimentation in Arctic

fjords. The warming effect is well pronounced in the arctic which is happening at almost double the
intensity when compared to other places on earth. Arctic sea ice levels reached historic low during
the year 2017 and continue to deplete faster. This has started impacting the arctic communities,
especially the benthic organisms. Direct impact through temperature rise and indirect effects through
ice and water mass distribution and sedimentation processes are all affecting the communities in a
serious manner. The Spitsbergen tidal glaciers, for instance, are retreating at a rate of up to 0.5 km
yr–1. Since the benthic communities are important for regional fisheries, seabirds and marine
mammals and indigenous people, the effect of warming has more than academic interest and could
impact a whole gamut of ecological processes seriously. Several studies have documented substantial
ecological changes as a result of climate change. Compared to the pelagic and ice domains,
information on climate change effects on Arctic benthic fauna and flora are only slowly beginning to
appear in the international literature. The changes in biodiversity, especially the benthic community
could be through advection of boreal species into Arctic and effects of shrinking ice cover and
duration. A warmer Arctic will lead to a reduction in ice-related pressures on the shallow water biota
due to a shorter ice season, a smaller area of ice coverage and the reduction in thickness of the ice
that does form. The relaxation of these stressors might lead to an enhancement of biodiversity in a
number of ways. The disappearance of the ice foot and fast ice on rocky coasts will permit the
survival of perennial macroalgae and their associated fauna in the littoral zone, resulting in an
increase in biomass and diversity.
Keywords: Ice Cover, Advection, Melting, Benthos
168
PBS-O-01
BENTHIC FAUNAL ASSEMBLAGE IN THE ARCTIC KROSSFJORDEN ECOSYSTEM -

SVALBARD, SUMMER PHASE, 2017
Jima,M1., Anulakshmi,P1., Rojin Joseph1, Aswathy,N.K1., Krishnapriya, P.P1.,

Jayachandran, P.R1., Bijoy Nandan, S1. and Krishnan, K. P2.
1
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin
University of Science & Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin 682016
2
National Center for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Headland Sada,Goa
E-mail: jimajayan@gmail.com
Krossfjord is an open glacial fjord on the west coast of Svalbard, located northwards to
Norway. The benthic fauna of the fjord is influenced by steep environmental gradients as a result of
inputs from both Atlantic and Arctic water (glacial) masses. They are geologically young areas and
are regarded as ecologically immature, non-steady state systems that have been evolving over
relatively short time scales. This paper presents the pioneer effort to study the abundance of
macrobenthic and meiobenthic organisms collected as a part of the Indian Arctic Expedition in 2017
from Krossfjorden ecosystem. Benthic samples were collected using a van Veen grab with grab area
1000 cm2 from four selected locations in the fjord. From this collection using a standard glass corer
of 4.997 cm2 of area, samples were taken for meiofaunal analysis. The macrobenthic community in
the soft bottom glacial community includes foraminiferans, Nematodes, polychaetes, and molluscan
shells. The meiofaunal community comprised of foramaniferans, nematodes, tintinids, kinorhynchs,
ostracods and oligochaetes. The foramaniferans dominates both in macro benthic and meiobenthic
community. There was presence of priapaulid larvae and kinorhynch larvae as minor phylum group
sorted out of meiofaunal community, which indicates that the Krossfjorden ecosystem is less
polluted and least disturbed environment. This information will be a baseline for better
understanding the benthos from Krossfjorden Arctic fjord for future studies.
Keywords: Krossfjord, Sampling, Benthos, Priapaulida, Kinorhynchs
169
PBS-O-02
PHAGE DIVERSITY ALONG THE TRANSITION ZONE OF KONGSFJORDEN,

ARCTIC: - A METAGENOMIC STUDY
Anjali S.Mohan1, Bhavya Kachiprath1, Jayesh Puthumana2, SwapnaP.Antony1, Solly Solomon1,

3
, Jayanath Gopi1 and Rosamma Philip1
1
Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science
and Technology, Cochin-682016, Kerala, India
2
National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and
Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin-682016, Kerala, India
3
Fishery Survey of India, Mormugao Zonal Base, Vasco da Gama, Goa, India
Arctic Ocean is the region where the impacts of climatic changes are more visible.
Information on microbial profile would help studying the climatic change and the human impacts.
Monitoring studies in Kongsfjorden, Arctic with respect to the productive communities, key species
of predation, eco-physical parameters and all other biological communities is highly important.
Marine viruses, the most abundant life forms in the oceans, are an integral part of the marine food
web, nutrient cycling and play a critical role in shaping the biosphere. Benthic sediment sample from
the inner fjord region of Kongsfjorden, Arctic was subjected for NGS based detection and analysis of
viral communities. Metagenomic approaches revealed the prevalence of prophage entities as well as
temperate phages along the Arctic ecosystems. Out of 49 viral communities identified, phages
represent the major class of viral communities (38%) in the station substantiating the abundance of
temperate phages in the polar region. Pseudoalteromonas phage H103 (5.21%), Salmonella phage E1
(4.99%), Cellulophaga phage phi19:1 (3.93%), Burkholderia phage AH2 (3.88%), Clostridium phage 39-O
(2.90%), Clostridium phage phiCP26F (2.84%) and Mycobacterium phage Sheen (2.60%) were the various
phage groups in terms of abundance. The study underlines the presence of phage communities with
respect to human pathogens in the transisition zone of Kongsfjorden, Arctic implying anthropogenic
influences in the region. Glacier inputs, migratory birds and animal communities also influence the
virome of Kongsfjorden to a great extent.
Keywords: - Kongsfjorden; Metagenomics; Marine Viruses; Phages.
170
PBS-O-03
MEIOBENTHIC NEMATODES AS A KEY CONTRIBUTOR OF CARBON

SEQUESTRATION IN ARCTIC BENTHIC SYSTEM, SVALBARD
Krishnapriya, P.P1., Jima M1., Aswathy, N.K1., Reshma Mary Zachariah1, Akhilesh Vijay1,
Jayachandran, P.R1, Bijoy Nandan, S1., Harikrishnan, M2 and Krishnan, K.P3.
1
Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi 682016
2
School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-682016
3
National Centre for polar and Ocean Research, Goa, India
E-mail: krishnapriyaparameswaran@gmail.com
The samples collected as part of the Summer Phase II Indian Arctic Expedition 2015, forms
the basis of this study. The field location in the study area was Kongsfjorden (79oN, 12oE) glacial
fjord of Arctic (Svalbard) located northwards to Norway. There were some vital observations
regarding the sediment characteristics that, the granulometric composition showed that the outer
fjord seems to be claysilty whereas the inner fjord was sandy. Total carbon (TC) and total organic
carbon (TOC) were higher in the outer fjord, but the inorganic carbon (IC) was higher in the inner
fjord. The meiofauna comprised of Nematoda, Foraminifera, Tintinnida, Ostracoda and
Harpacticoid copepoda, Kinoryncha and Oligochaeta. Both Nematodes (41%) and Foraminiferans
(41%) formed the dominant meiobenthic groups. 32 nematodes belonging to 14 families were
identified during the study period, in which Marylynnia complexa (12.94 μg) contributed the highest
carbon, followed by Cephalanticoma sp. (7.425 μg). The net carbon sequestrated by the nematodes
was higher in the outer fjord as compared to inner fjord. The major portion of the total carbon
sequestered by meiobenthos in the Kongsfjorden accounted to nematodes.
Keywords: Arctic, Kongsfjorden, Meiobenthos, Nematoda, Marylynnia complexa
171
PBS-O-04
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROBENTHOS IN RELATION TO

ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN THE ARCTIC KONGSFJORD
Aswathy, N.K1., Krishnapriya, P.P1., Jima, M1., Reshma Mary Zachariah1, Akhilesh Vijay1,
Jayachandran, P.R1, Bijoy Nandan, S.1, Harikrishnan, M.2and Krishnan, K.P.3
1
Dept.of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin
University of Science and Technology, Cochin
2
3
National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences,
Government of India, Goa 403 804
E-mail: aswathynk22@gmail.com
The community structure of macrobenthic communities and their responses together with
crucial environmental variables in the Arctic Kongsfjorden (79°N 12°E) is explicit in this study. The
samples were collected as a part of Indian Arctic expedition summer phase group I - 2015.Along the
fjord, the samples were collected from eight stations including four inner and four outer stations
using van Veen grab having an area of 1 m2 (at depths 40 -303m). Marine benthic macrofaunal
communities are considered as a good indicator of long-term environmental changes in an
ecosystem.Benthic communities show changes in composition and community structure according
to different environmental characteristics and habitats. The macrofauna in Kongsfjord is mainly
constituted by Nematoda, Foraminifera, Bivalvia, Polychaeta, Calanoid Copepoda and Amphipoda
of which Nematodes (30%) were the dominant group followed by foraminiferans (26%). The outer
fjord has higher total organic carbon content with claysilty sediment texture were the nematodes and
foraminiferans dominated. The PCA ordination constructed from the environmental factors showed
58.1% variation in PC1 and 74.5% in PC2. Distribution of macrobenthos is based on biological
characteristics and physicochemical nature of the habitat. The physical alterations also play a role in
changing the faunal abundance.
Keywords: Kongsfjord, Benthos, Macrobenthos, Nematoda, Bivalvia
172
PBS-P-01
DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA IN RELATION TO ECOLOGICAL

FACTORS IN THE ARCTIC KONGSFJORDEN ECOSYSTEM
Jima, M1., Minu,M3., Krishnapriya, P.P1., Aswathy, N.K1., Jayachandran, P.R1.,

Bijoy Nandan, S1. and Krishnan, K.P2.
1
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin
University of Science & Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Cochin 682016
2
National Center for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR),Headland Sada,Goa
3
SNM Maliankara College, Maliankara
E-mail: jimajayan@gmail.com
The sedimentary record of Kongsfjorden fjord environment offers an excellent opportunity

to investigate the meiofaunal distributions and the foraminiferal assemblages and their response to
the oceanographic changes. In the present work, a detailed ecological and taxonomical investigation
of foraminiferal assemblages from the Kongsfjorden fjord was carried out with specific objectives.
The study is focused on the detailed investigation of benthic foraminifera especially its relation with
environmental parameters and their functional role in digenetic carbon transformation in the Arctic
Kongsfjorden system. The samples collected from the seven stations of the Arctic Kongsfjorden
Fjord by Dr. S. Bijoy Nandan as a part of the Summer Phase III group 2 - Indian Arctic Expedition.
Altogether 56 species of foraminifera belonging to 35 genera, 21 sub families 23 families, 19 super
families, and 5 suborders were identified. Most abundant sub order was Rotaliina (59.22%) followed
by the suborder Textulariina (15.74%), suborder Lagenina (14.89%), suborder Miliolina (8.29%) and
sub order Robertinina (1.86%). Shannon Wiener index (H‟) showed increased diversity of
foraminifers towards the outer fjord than the inner fjord. The biomass and carbon content in the
individual foraminifera and the total carbon sequestered in each station by the foraminifera have
been calculated. No major scientific information is available at a national scale on the foraminifer
faunal distribution in relation to environmental variables of the glacial fjords of Arctic. Thus the
present study is a pioneering effort to reveal the community ecology of meiobenthos, community
structure, taxonomy, biomass and carbon sequestration by foraminifers of the Arctic Kongsfjorden
fjord ecosystem.
Keywords: Kongsfjord, Meiobenthos, Foraminiferans, Community Structure, Carbon Sequestration
173
PBS-P-02
FEEDING GUILD ANALYSIS AND FUNCTIONAL ATTRIBUTES OF FREE LIVING

MEIOBENTHIC NEMATODES IN ARCTIC KONGSFJORDEN, SPITSBERGEN
Krishnapriya, P.P1., Jima, M1., Aswathy, N.K1., Reshma Mary Zachariah1, Akhilesh Vijay1,
Jayachandran, P.R1, Bijoy Nandan, S1., Harikrishnan, M2 and Krishnan K.P3.
1
Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682016
2
3
National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Goa-403804
E-mail: krishnapriyaparameswaran@gmail.com
The meiobenthic fauna collected as part of Indian Arctic Expeditions (2011, 2015 and 2016)
from Kongsfjorden (79oN, 12oE), an inlet on the west coast of Spitsbergen also an island which is
part of the Svalbard archipelago forms the basis of this study. The dominant meiobenthic groups
observed during the study were Foraminifera (48%) and Nematoda (37%) followed by Tintinnida
(9%), Harpacticoid Copepoda (2%), Ostracoda (2%), Oligochaeta (1%) and Kinoryncha (1%). We
investigate and compare the characteristics of nematode feeding guilds in the three expeditions. Our
main objective was to investigate and inter-compare the different feeding groups in nematode
communities and the relationship of feeding traits with environmental parameters. A total of 72
nematodes belonging to 21 families were found along the transect. The buccal cavity structure of
free-living benthic nematodes indicates that four feeding groups prevailed; the selective deposit
feeders (particulate feeders), epistrate feeders (juice feeders), Non selective deposit feeders
(scavengers) and predators (omnivores). Feeding guild analysis showed the dominance of Epistrate
feeders (2A) (66%) and particulate feeders (IA) (10%) in Kongsfjorden in the entire sampling
periods. The epistrate feeders were Dorylaimopsis sp., Sabatieria praedatrix, Sabatieria punctata and
Sabatieria ornata. Particulate feeders include Terschellingia longicaudata, Terschellingia communis,
Terschellingia gourbaultae and Sphaerolaimus gracilis. Scavenger was Viscosia sp. and predator was
Thoracostoma cetosa. Predators were dominated in 2011 but in 2015 and 2016 epistrate feeders were
dominated. Predators were dominated in the inner fjord while the non-selective deposit feeders were
observed both in the inner and outer fjords. The amount of organic matter and degree of sediment
disturbances caused by the glacial front has effect on the distribution of feeding guilds.
Key words: Arctic, Kongsfjorden, Meiobenthos, Feeding Guild, Epistrate Feeders, Particulate
Feeders
174
PBS-P-03
ARCHAEAL ASSEMBLAGES AND THEIR METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS FROM

KONGSFJORDEN, ARCTIC
Solly Solomon1, 3, Bhavya Kachiprath1, Jayesh Puthumana2, Swapna P. Antony1, Jayanath,G1.

and Rosamma Philip1
1
Dept. of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and
Technology, Cochin- 682016, Kerala, India.
2
National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine
Arts Avenue, Cochin-682016, Kerala, India
3
Fishery Survey of India, Mormugao Zonal Base, Vasco da Gama, Goa, India
Arctic environment is inhabited by a wide array of cold adapted microbes which include
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya and viruses. Since Arctic microbial community is almost completely
uncharacterized, understanding of microbial diversity prevailing in this extreme ecosystem is highly
challenging. Illumina sequencing and MG-RAST analysis were performed in this study to obtain a
taxonomic overview of archaeal community inhabiting in Kongsfjorden sediments. Archaeal OTUs
obtained via MG-RAST analysis belonged to four phyla viz., Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota,
Crenarchaeota and Korarchaeota among which Euryarchaeota showed its dominance in
Kongsfjorden (89%). Class wise cataloguing displayed the prevalence of Halobacteria (74%)
followed by Methanomicrobia (7%). Members of the order Halobacteriales (74%) from
Euryarchaeota and Nitrosopumilales (7%) from Thaumarchaeota found to be prevailed in
Kongsfjorden sediments. Sulfolobales from Crenarchaeota and an unclassified group of archaea
derived from Korarchaeota were also detected from Kongsfjorden. Among 28 families identified,
Halobacteriaceae (74%) dominated Kongsfjroden archaeal community and among 59 genus,
Natrialba (51%) was the dominant one. Halorhabdus, Nitrosopumilus, Haloquadratum, Halomicrobium,
Methanosarcina, etc. were also detected from Kongsfjorden. Natrialba magadii (51%) and Halorhabdus
utahensis (10%) were the most dominant species detected in Kongsfjorden sediments. In conclusion,
MG-RAST analysis was able to identify the occurrence of a great majority of archaeal communities
with a better resolution power which take part in key ecological functions like biogeochemical
cycling in fjord ecosystems.
Keywords: Kongsfjorden; Next Generation Sequencing; Metagenome; Archaea; Arctic; MG-RAST
175
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Abstract proceedings- International Conference on Benthos

Book · March 2019

Sivasankaran Bijoy Nandan Priyaja P

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Welcome: Prof. (Dr.) S. Bijoy nandan

Presidential Address: Prof. (Dr.) R. Sasidharan

Inauguration: Dr. M. Rajeevan

Guest of Honour: Prof. (Dr.) Rajan Gurukkal P. M.

Keynote address: Dr. Graham P. Oliver

Special Address: Prof. (Dr.) Ng Kee Lin, Peter

Felicitations : Dr. M. Sudhakar

Prof. (Dr.) Rosamma Philip

Prof. (Dr.) P. K. Abdul Azis

Prof. (Dr.) N. Chandrmohanakumar

Prof. (Dr.) Aneykutty Joseph

Release of Conference Publications

Vote of Thanks: Dr. priyaja p.

PROGRAMME SCHEDULE AND CONTENTS

DAY1: 06-03-2019/ C.V. KURIAN HALL-1

Lead lecture: 2.30-2.55pm:

Lead lecture: 3.00-3.25pm:

Bivalve (Mollusca; Bivalvia) Diversity of Lakshadweep, India 4.10-

Vertical Distribution and Variability of Meiobenthic

Benthic Ecology and Faunal Diversity of Chilka Lagoon after

Ecological Integrity and Functionality of Benthic Macrofauna in

Assessing the population dynamics of Donax faba through benthic-

Response of macrobenthos to temporal events:

Colonization and Coexistence of Micro Epibionts on an

Taxonomic Notes on Subterranean Fish Collected

Diversity of Sea Anemones in the Intertidal Regions

An Overview of Baby Clam Fishery in Vembanad Backwater

Phytoplankton Diversity of Vembanad Estuary-

Habitat and Microhabitat Distribution of

Application of Geographical Information System (GIS) for Site

Description of Morphotypes in the Genus Villorita

An Annotated Checklist of Marine Brachyuran Crabs of Gujarat

Response of Macrobenthos to Coastal Hypoxia off Mumbai

Study of Gastropod Shell Utilization Pattern of Clibanarius

Species Diversity and Distribution of Marine Shrimps

DAY1: 06-03-2019 / N.R. MENON HALL-2

SESSION 2: BENTHIC RESOURCES AND PRODUCTIVITY

Lead lecture: 2.30-2.55pm:

Feeding Ecology, Niche Overlap and Trophic Interactions

Food and Feeding Habit of Sea Star Astropecten indicus Döderlein,

Visualizing Scientific Paradigm in the Application of Artificial

Polychaete Functional Diversity along the Western Indian

The Catch Composition of Winter Migratory Coastal Set Bagnet

Underwater Observation on Copepod Swarm in a Coral Reef

Studies on Seasonal Variation of Macro Benthos in the Cage Culture

Taxonomic Evaluation of Family Platycephalidae based on Otolith

DAY1: 06-03-2019 / C.C. JOHN HALL-3

Lead lecture: 3.00-3.25pm:

Composition and Bioactivity of Yeasts from Mangrove Sediments of 4.10-

Anticancer Activity and Biochemical Analysis of Conotoxins of

Bioprospecting of Sediment Borne Bacteria from Cochin Estuary

Molecular Characterization of a Histone Derived Peptide from the

Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Flower Tail Prawn Metapenaeus