College of Engineering

Department of Architectural Engineering

Advanced Building Technology

Lecture 12
Smart Architecture and Smart Materials

Mrs. Mizgine Karaaslan

 Smart Architecture

Why is it Smart?
How Smart is it?
Is it Adaptive?

What's the difference between Smart and Intelligent?

Which is better?
Smart Architecture

Adaptation
 Smart Architecture
“by the time the built actually gets manifested in the environment,
the needs of the people are likely to have undergone some degree of
change. Hence, the buildings need to be adaptable to evolving needs
at all times. Irrespective of the building typology or its expected
lifespan, creating something that can adapt to changing times should
be the priority for architects and engineers”
Karan Grover (Architect)
 Smart Architecture

What does all of that have to do with architecture?

so Adaptive Architecture refers to the adaption of

building to the change in the external environment with the
help of technology.
 Smart Architecture
Smart Architecture maybe comprehensively defined as a blend of
passive and active technological and architectural strategies that
harness computationally networked, globally connected, complex-
adaptive and real-time responsiveness with the inhabitant.

The term Responsive

Architecture puts emphasis
on increasing the
interactive nature of
building elements in
response to environmental
or social or commercial
needs in real-time.
 Smart Architecture
What is a Smart Building?
Smarter Buildings are well managed, integrated physical and digital
infrastructures that provide optimal occupancy services in a reliable, cost
effective, and sustainable manner.
A smart building is the integration of building, technology, and energy systems.
These systems may include building automation, life safety, user systems and
facility management systems.
 Smart Architecture
What is a Smart Building?
A smart building is any structure that uses automated processes to automatically
control the building’s operations including heating, ventilation, lighting,
security, air conditioning and other systems.
 Smart Architecture
Active technology
Smart facades
Facades are the building interface between indoors and outdoors, mediating:

• Moisture
• Wind
• Heat
• Views
• Daylight
• Solar Gain
• Privacy
• Noise
 Smart Architecture
Smart Building Benefits:
 Smarter buildings help their owners, operators and facility managers improve asset
reliability and performance that in turn reduces energy use, optimizes how space
is used and minimizes the environmental impact of their buildings.
1. Inhabitants comfort: Smart homes learn from inhabitants behavior and tries to
maximize their comfort.
2. Energy savings: Smart buildings can significantly reduce energy consumption. It is
profitable for building owners as it leads to costs cut.
3. Time saving: Smart buildings can save a lot of time by automating daily routines.
4. Safety: Smart buildings can detect fire, water and gas leaks. Smart buildings have a
self-diagnostic system and warns inhabitants when equipment becomes faulty or
performance starts to decrease.
5. Expert systems: Embedded expert systems could contain knowledge about any
domestic or industrial area.
6. Health and Care: In all smart buildings decisions health of inhabitants has the
highest priority. It is reflected in appropriate temperature, light intensity, air
condition parameters, etc.
7. Assistive Domotics: Smart homes can improve the quality of life of the elderly and
the disabled living alone by providing a safe and comfortable environment.
 Smart Materials
Smart Material
For many centuries, architects had to accept and work with the properties of a
standard material such as wood or stone.
The vocabulary of the material world has changed dramatically since 1992, when
the first ‘Smart Material’ emerged commercially. Defined as ‘highly engineered
materials that respond intelligently to their environment’, smart materials have
become the ‘go-to’ answer for the 21st century’s technological needs.
 Smart Materials
Smart Material
A smart material is a material that changes its properties in response to its environment.
Each case, and for each example, the material’s response can be different: the material
could change color, translucency, hardness, or size.

In construction industry, Smart Materials are Categorized Under 4 Major Perspectives:

1. Shape-shifting smart materials
2. Power generating smart materials
3. Self-maintenance smart materials,
4. Smart materials providing a high level of insulation.

Characterized by their abilities to connect

with the environment, react, self-repair,
self-clean, generate power, and reduce the
need for intervention, 'smart materials' led
to the rise of smart building design
criteria, and the development.
 Smart Materials
Smart Material
In architecture, smart materials are often used on the exterior of the building.
1. Chromic materials which can change their color and opacity are used usually for
smart windows and paints.
2. While Piezo-Electric materials are used in paint for collecting information on the
movement of the building's structure, on the shell of the structure for generating
electricity from wind, and on relevant layers of the building for active noise control.
3. Phase Changing materials are often used on walls and ceilings, in order to store
heat energy for passive air conditioning applications.
 Smart Materials
Examples
Type: Residence
Name of Building: Smart is Green, Germany
Smart Material Used: Pcm Shade (Power Storage Material)
Function of the Material: The building draws energy through photovoltaic panels
and thermal energy conversion, and stores excess thermal energy through phase-
changing pcm materials, with the ability to use it when necessary. A building that is
capable of generating more energy than its residents use. Pcm shares absorbing or
releasing energy during phase change were used inside the building.
 Smart Materials
Examples
Type: Residence
Name of Building: BIQ, Germany
Smart Material Used: Energy Generating Bio Materials (Algae)
Function of the Material: The sun-facing fronts of the building were equipped with
glass panels containing live algae. Algae panels not only meet all energy needs of the
building, but also cut the carbon emissions by 6 tons a year.
 Smart Materials
Examples
Type: Residence
Name of Building: Freundorf Villa,Vienna, Austria
Smart Material Used: Self Cleaning Nano Paint
Function of the Material: The nano-coating paint with to the exteriors of the
building. This arrangement allows the removal of water droplets from the surface,
taking any dirt along with them, helping the system to maintain a clean state.
 Smart Materials
Examples
Type: Social and Cultural Building
Name of Building: Imperial War Museum, London
Smart Material Used: Aerogel Heat Insulation Layer
Function of the Material: Given the historical nature of the building, the aim was to
keep the level of reduction in the height of interiors to a minimum, while achieving a
most effective level of heat insulation. That is why aerogel heat insulation layer with
added fiber was used as the insulation material.
 Smart Materials
Examples
Type: Social and Cultural Building
Name of Building: Msv Arena Stadium, Germany
Smart Material Used: Photo Catalytic Glass, Membrane
Function of the Material: Provides self cleaning ability.
 Smart Materials
Examples
Type: Public Building
Name of Building: Southwest Acute Hospital, United Kingdom
Smart Material Used: Self Cleaning Nano Coating
Function of the Material: The front coated with smart materials providing lotus
effect makes the surfaces able to self-clean. Furthermore, the material provides the
structure with a water-repellent character, thanks to its nano-scale roughness. This
arrangement allows the removal of water droplets from the surface, taking any dirt
along with them, helping the system to maintain a clean state.
 Smart Materials
Examples
Type: Public Building
Name of Building: Berlin Central Station
Smart Material Used: Nano Photo- Voltaic Panel
Function of the Material: The front coated with smart materials providing lotus
effect makes the surfaces able to self-clean. Furthermore, the material provides the
structure with a water-repellent character, thanks to its nano-scale roughness. This
arrangement allows the removal of water droplets from the surface, taking any dirt
along with them, helping the system to maintain a clean state.