9

SCIENCE
Quarter 2- Module 5
Week 5- PROPERTIES OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Revised Edition, Revised 2021

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Schools

Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Ed.D

Development Team of the Module

Writer:
Dr. Imelda R. Lanojan, Master Teacher II, Apas National HS

Content Editors:
Dr. Florenda G. Yap, Assisting Principal, Apas National high School
Mr. Neil A. Angtud, Head Teacher I, Cebu City Don Carlos Gothong
Memorial National High School
Language Editor:
Mrs. Wilma Y. Villaflor, Principal III, Don Vicente Rama Memorial Elem.Schl.

Management Team:

Chairperson:
Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent

Members:
Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, Curriculum Implementation Division Chief
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, Education Program Supervisor-Science
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, Education Program Supervisor- LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education, Division of Cebu City ROVII
Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City
Telephone Nos. (032) 266-1616, (032) 263-9095
E-mail Address: cebucity@deped.gov.

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 What I Need to Know
_________________________________________

Learning Competency:

. Explain how the structure of the carbon atom affects the type of bond it
forms.

In this Module, you are expected to answer the following key questions;
1. What are the properties of organic compound?
2. In what way are the properties of organic compound related to their
uses?

Before you start with the Lesson, be sure to answer the Pre-assessment.

What I Know?

Pre-Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your answer in a sheet of
paper.
1. A scientist notices that the density of an unknown sample is 0.659 g/ml. This
information helps the scientist identify the sample as a hexane solution. What type of
property can density be classified as?
A. Chemical B. Extensive C. Physical D. Structural
2. Boiling point is a type of physical property. Which of the following describes the
boiling point of a compound? Temperature at which a _____________.
A. gas changes to liquid C. liquid changes to solid
B. liquid changes to gas D. solid changes to liquid

3.Which compound has the highest melting point?

Source: https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/w2Q0ZZVFpULlodGmh7mlk0LGxDFu6bHCi-
9lS2PavSE2GQqPe1wPmzQNG2UA3Po55iXHBwY=s170

A. Compound A C. Compounds do not exist

B. Compound B D. Both compounds have the same melting point

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4. Which of the following describes melting point? The _____________.
A. temperature at which a solid will change to liquid.
B. pressure exerted on gas state causing into change into solid phase.
C. temperature at which a substance changes phase between the liquid and
gas states.
D. pressure exerted (at a specific temperature) on a solid or liquid compound
by molecules of that compound that are in the gas phase.

For question no.5, refer your answer on the table below.

The boiling point of three organic compounds are given in the table below.

Organic Compound BOILING POINT

(°C)

A 125

B 116

C 107

5. Which of the following organic compound has the lowest boiling point?
A. A B. B C. C D. D

6. Which of the following describes a structural isomer? It has ________________.

A. same properties but different types of atoms
B. different empirical formulas but of the same properties
C. different molecular formulas but same structural formulas
D. same molecular formulas but different structural formulas

7. Which of the following describes the ability of a compound to resist from flowing?
A. Flammability B. Odor C. Viscosity D. Volatility

8. Volatility describes how easily a substance becomes a gas. What is the volatility of
a substance to become a vapor?
A. Constant B. Higher C. Lower D. Remain the same

9. Which of the following substances is most viscous?

A. Evaporated milk B. Honey C. Juice D. Water

10.Why does methane boil at very low temperature? It is because methane has
__________________.
A. lower molecular mass C. lower empirical mass
B. higher molecular mass D. higher molecular mass

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11. How do compounds can be considered as an isomer? When both
compounds/substances have____________________.
A. same molecular formulas
B. different structural formulas
C. both A and B
D. none of these

12. Why do isomers cannot get close to each other? It is because they
_____________________.
A. don’t have side chains causing them to become less volatile
B. don’t have side chains causing them to become less volatile
C. have branches or side chains causing them to become more volatile
D. both A and B

13. Which of the following is the measure of the tendency of a compound to

evaporate or turn into gaseous state?
A. Flammability B. Odor C. Viscosity D. Volatility

14. The following are organic compounds with different properties EXCEPT_____.
A. diesel oil B. ethyl alcohol C. gasoline D. water

15. Which of the following materials are flammable?

A. Gasoline B. Honey C. Vinegar D. Water

Lesson 1 PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

What’s In
________________________________

Based from the previous module, it was stated that organic compounds are
those whose chemical formula contains at least one carbon atom, and often contain
a hydrogen atom as well. The bonds formed between the carbon and
hydrogen atoms to form a hydrocarbon are very strong, and the resulting compound
is often essential to living things.
Every kind of organic compound has specific properties or characteristics.
Although these compounds may show similarities in some properties, these
compounds do not have exactly the same properties.

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 Gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, lubricating oil, vanillin, acetic acid, and ethyl
alcohol are organic compounds with different properties. Gasoline, for example,
has a strong odor, is volatile, and highly flammable.
Odor is the smell of the compound. Every compound has its own specific odor.
Viscosity is a measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow. Volatility is the measure of the
tendency of a compound to evaporate or turn into gaseous state. Flammability is the
measure of how easily the material burns.
The physical properties of organic compounds typically of interest include
both quantitative and qualitative features. Quantitative information includes melting
point, boiling point, index of refraction and density. Qualitative properties such
as odor, consistency, solubility, and color.
Just like with boiling point, the presence of polar and hydrogen-bonding group
on organic compounds generally lead to higher melting points. The size of a molecule
influences its melting point as well as its boiling point due to an increase Van der Waals
interactions between molecule. Van der Waals forces' is a general term used to
define the attraction of intermolecular forces between molecules.

Perform Activity 1, to learn more about the properties of organic compounds.

What’s New
________________________________

Activity 1
Properties of Common Organic Compounds
Objective:
1. Identify and describe the properties of common organic compound

Materials:
acetone timer/cell phone timer
cooking oil 5 plastic spoon
detergent liquid 5 empty pet bottles 500ml size
rubbing alcohol 5 pieces of ¼ sheet long bond paper
shampoo 5 glasses of the same size

Precaution: Be careful in handling glass wares.

Procedure:
1. a.) Use the table below to record your data from this activity
on a sheet of paper.

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 Properties of Common Organic Compounds
Materials Odor Phase Viscosity Volatility Solubility
(strong (solid, (viscous, (highly (soluble,
or liquid, not volatile not
weak) gas) viscous) less soluble)
volatile,
not
volatile)

1.Acetone

2.Cooking
oil
3.Liquid
detergent
4.Rubbing
alcohol
5.Shampoo

b.) Place 3 tablespoons of each liquid in the five transparent glasses

and label each according to the liquid it contains.
c.) Observe the materials and write the odor and phase of the materials
on each corresponding column.

2. Testing the Viscosity of the Materials

a.) Prepare the five 500 ml empty pet bottles.
b.) Label the five 500 ml empty pet bottles as container 1,2,3,4 and
5 that corresponds to the materials listed on the table.
c.) Fill in the empty 500 ml pet bottles with the first liquid, second
liquid until the fifth liquid.
d.) Drop one plastic bead in each container and then cover it tightly.
e.) Invert the pet bottles so that the bead falls and touches the
cover.
f.) Quickly turn the pet bottles in an upright position. Determine the
time it takes the bead to fall or reach the bottom of the pet bottle.
g.) Record your observation in column 4 whether the materials are
viscous and not viscous.

3.) Testing the Volatility of the Materials

a.) Using a tablespoon, put one-half tablespoon of each liquid material
on the separate one fourth sheet of bond papers. (Ask anyone from
the members of the family to do this at the same time. Place it in
safe area).
b.) Record the time it takes the papers to get dry. This is equivalent to
the time it takes the liquid to completely evaporate.
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4.Testing the Solubility of the Materials
a.) Prepare 5 empty glasses/containers.
b.) Pour 2 tablespoons of materials listed in the table above in each
container labelled as container 1,2,3,4, and 5.
c.) Add 2 tablespoons of water in each container and stir. Use a
tablespoon in stirring.
d.) Observe what happens.

Observations/Guide Questions:
(Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.)
1. Which material is viscous? Why is viscosity important?
2. Which materials have strong odor and weak odor?
3. Which material is volatile? What is the difference between high volatility
and low volatility?
4. Which material is soluble, and not soluble in water?
3. Why is it important to identify the properties of these kinds of organic
compounds?
Generalization:
What are the properties of organic compounds? How do they differ from
each other?

What is it
_____________________________________

Do you know that the physical properties of an organic compound are

observable and can be measured? What do you think are these properties? These are
melting point, boiling point, odor, solubility and volatility. How do these properties differ
from one another? Melting point is the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas. Odor is the smell
of the compound which every compound has its own. Volatility is how easily a
substance becomes a gas, that means how easily it vaporizes. Vaporize means it
becomes a vapor which is from liquid to a gas. High volatility means that a substance
will vaporize at low temperature (low boiling point). Low volatility means that the
substance will vaporize at higher temperature (high boiling point). For example, a
perfume is sprayed on the skin, since your body is hot and a perfume is a volatile
substance it has higher volatility, it will basically evaporate at the temperature of your
body which other people can smell the perfume that you’re wearing.
Let’s look at some factors that affect volatility of organic compounds. The first
one is Molecular Mass or Molar Mass. If you remember, we calculate it by adding up
the mass of each atom in a compound. Here we have two organic compounds.
Methane and Octane. Methane boils at -1690C which is very low temperature while
Octane boils at 1250C. Obviously methane boils at very low temperature while octane
boils at a much higher temperature. What is the reason behind this? Well, Octane has
higher molecular mass, therefore, it has stronger Van der Waals forces which means
it has a higher boiling point. So, higher molecular mass equals higher boiling point.

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 The second factor is the branching of the side chains. Here, we have two
alkanes which are butane and isobutane. Both of them are with different structural
formulas. Both have the same number of carbon atoms and same molecular formulas
so they are isomers of each other. They have different structural formulas, isomers of
C4H10.
Branched isomers cannot get close to each other because they have branches
or side chains, therefore, they have weaker point Van der Waals forces, a lower boiling
point and are more volatile. Isobutane has a lower boiling point, it’s more volatile
because of its branches. The molecules cannot get close to each other, we call it,
weaker Van der Waals forces. Refer illustrations A and B below.

A. Butane

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.istockphoto.com%2Fvecto
rs%2Fpentane-formula-illustration-vector-id

B. Isobutane
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fziyyara.in%2Fblog%2Fassets%2
Fimages%2Fcarbon11.png&i

Finally, what do you think is the third factor affecting volatility? Well, it’s the
Functional group. Polar functional group such as aldehydes and ketones have dipole-
dipole attraction between molecules. You may remember, you have polar molecule
one side is a little bit positive and the other side has a little bit negative and you get
the attraction dipole-dipole attraction. Refer illustrations below representing aldehydes
and ketones.

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 Source:
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ck12.org%2Fflx%2Fshow%2FTHUM
B_POSTCARD%2Fima
To be more specific, one of the most important properties of organic
compounds is the presence of structural units named functional groups. These groups
are composed of atoms within a molecule, and are joined to the rest of the molecule
by a covalent bond between an atom of the functional group and a carbon atom in the
molecules’ main body. Molecules that are organic might vary greatly in size. One
important property of organic compounds has shown great potential, that is the fact
that carbon atoms can bond to each other to form chains of carbon atoms in a row or
loop, with additional atoms bonded to some of the carbon atoms. Clearly, organic
chemistry is a subject studying the structure and properties of organic compounds so
that molecular diffusion is the predominant mechanism controlling volatile organic
compounds transport.
How about the boiling points of alcohol? How is it being bonded with hydrogen?
How do you describe the intermolecular forces between alcohol molecules?
The boiling point of alcohols are in general much higher than comparably sized
hydrocarbons. There are extra intermolecular forces between the alcohol molecules
due to the hydrogen bonding. There is no such hydrogen bonding between the
hydrocarbon molecules because all the hydrogen atoms are bonded to carbon and not
oxygen or nitrogen. Because there is no hydrogen bonding, the forces between the
hydrocarbon molecules are much weaker and the molecules can be much more easily
vaporized. As an example, the boiling point of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, is 78ºC; ethane
has a boiling point of –88.5ºC.
Therefore, the strength and types of intermolecular forces that are found within the liquid
compound will affect the boiling point. And these molecular forces are hydrogen bonding,
dipole-dipole interactions, and London Dispersion forces.

What’s More
_____________________________________

Aside from melting point, boiling point, odor, volatility, what other properties that
describe more about organic compounds? Another one is solubility. It is one of the
properties of an organic compound which has the ability to dissolve a substance in a
solvent. For a material to be dissolved, therefore, it needs solvent particularly water.
Are alcohols soluble in water? Why? The alcohols are soluble in water because there
is very strong attraction between alcohol molecules and the solvent water molecules.
Hydrogen bonding is present in both and for that reason most alcohols are soluble in
water. Alcohols also have a nonpolar part of the molecule that tends to make them
soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. How about viscosity? What does it mean?
Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow when a fluid is flowing the molecules
comprising friction due to the molecular attraction among them. What is that really

10
mean? It means that different fluid with different viscosities flowing at different
speed with the same forces applied to them. Another way to look at it is that the
force requires to induce movement of the fluid would be larger by more viscous
fluid. Why is this important? Viscosity is capable for any process involving fluid flow.
It will determine for example how long will a reservoir take to fill and settle. Viscosity
determine how much energy is required to pump up process fluid. Viscosity can also
help determine structure of molecules such as protein in a solution or the force
required to inject a new drug formulation into a patient.

Organic chemistry is the basis of life. Therefore, gaining a better understanding

on organic compounds could be significant to living things, with special properties.

What I Have Learned

______________________________________-

Directions: Fill in the missing letters of the word that corresponds

to the statement being demonstrated. Write your answer in a sheet of paper.

M__L __IN __ P __I__T

1. An organic property which the temperature changes solid into a liquid.

V__L__T__L__T___
2. It is how easily a substance becomes a gas.

BO__LI__G P__I__T
3. It is affected by the strength and type of molecular
forces that are found within the liquid compound.

___O___UB___L___T___
4. It is the ability to dissolve a substance in a solvent.

V__S__O__ITY
5.It is the ability of the substance to resist from flowing.

What I Can Do
_____________________________

Modified TRUE or FALSE.

Write TRUE if the statement is Correct, FALSE if the statement is Wrong and change
the underlined word/s to make the statement correct in a sheet of paper.
1. The most important property of organic compound is the presence of structural
units named functional group.
2. Hydrogen bonding is the reason why there are extra molecular forces between the
alcohol molecules.
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3. There is no such hydrogen bonding between the hydrocarbon molecule because
all the hydrogen atoms are bonded to oxygen and nitrogen.
4. Volatility is affected by the molecular mass and unbranching sidechains of
molecules.
5. Boiling point is affected by the strength and types of intermolecular forces that are
found within the liquid compound.
6. Higher molecular mass equals lower boiling point.
7. Octane has higher molecular mass while methane has low molecular mass.
8. Isomers cannot get close to each other because they have branches or side chains
which make them volatile and weaker boiling point.
9. Viscosity can help determine the force required to inject a newly drug formulation
into the patient.
10. Alcohol molecules have weaker attraction to water solvent.

Assessment
______________________________________

Post Assessment

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your answer on a sheet of
paper.
1. Volatility describes how easily a substance becomes a gas. What is the volatility of
a substance to become a vapor?
A. Constant B. Higher C. Lower D. Remain the same

2. Which of the following describes the boiling point of a compound? It is a

temperature at which a __________.
A. liquid changes to gas C. liquid changes to solid
B. gas changes to liquid D. solid changes to liquid

3. Which compound has the highest melting point?

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/RfcXafJjgzrK_Z5saJj1sxBAbpuRZDMsHAyKDGjdJAJWR28UmiXT
czVsgwoNi5BxY6jM=s170

A. Compound A C. Compounds do not exist

B. Compound B D. Both compounds have the same melting
point

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4. Which of the following describes melting point? The _____________.
A. temperature at which a solid will change to liquid
B. pressure exerted on gas state causing into change into solid phase
C. temperature at which a substance changes phase between the liquid and
gas states
D. pressure exerted (at a specific temperature) on a solid or liquid compound
by molecules of that compound that are in the gas phase.

For question no. 5, refer your answer on the table below.

The boiling points of three organic compounds are given in the table below.
ORGANIC COMPOUND BOILING POINT
(°C)

A 125

B 116

C 107

5. Which of the following isomers has the lowest boiling point?

A. A B. B C. C D. D

6. Which is the measure of the tendency of a compound to evaporate or turn into

gaseous state?
A. Flammability B. Odor C. Viscosity D. Volatility

7. Which of the following describes a structural isomer? It has ________________.

A. same properties but different types of atoms
B. different empirical formulas but of the same properties
C. same molecular formulas but different structural formulas
D. different molecular formulas but same structural formulas

8. Which of the following describes the ability of a compound to resist from flowing?
A. Flammability B. Odor C. Viscosity D. Volatility

9. Volatility describes how easily a substance becomes a gas. What is the volatility of
a substance if the temperature is low?
A. Constant B. Higher C. Lower D. Remain the same

10.Which of the following describes a structural isomer? It has ________________.

A. same properties but different types of atoms
B. different empirical formulas but of the same properties
C. different molecular formulas but same structural formulas
D. same molecular formulas but different structural formulas

11. Which of the following substances is the most viscous?

A. Evaporated milk B. Honey C. Juice D. Water
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12.Why does methane boil at very low temperature? It is because methane has
__________________.

A. higher molecular mass C. lower empirical mass

D. higher empirical mass D. lower molecular mass

13. Why do isomers cannot get close to each other? It is because they
_____________________.
A. don’t have side chains causing them to become less volatile
B. don’t have side chains causing them to become less volatile
C. have branches or side chains causing them to become more volatile
D. both A and B

14. The following are organic compounds EXCEPT_____.

A. diesel oil B. ethyl alcohol C. gasoline D. water

15. A scientist notices that the density of an unknown sample is 0.659 g/ml. This
information helps the scientist identify the sample as a hexane solution. What type of
property can density be classified as?
A. Chemical B. Extensive C. Physical D. Structural

14
References

A. Books

Science 9 Learner’s Module, Department of Education of the

Philippines, pp 132-134

B. Links and Photo Credits

https://brainly.ph/question/245652

https:/www.Rheosense.com

https:/www.rw.siyavula.com/re

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fslideplayer.com%2Fslide%
2F7088988%2F&psig=AOvVaw0E7IbQ_KUhUT42Hc9UTbFp&ust=1605912507458
000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCLiw4_HYj-
0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/RfcXafJjgzrK_Z5saJj1sxBAbpuRZDMsHAyKDGjdJAJWR28UmiXT
czVsgwoNi5BxY6jM=s170

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.istockphoto.com%2Fvecto
rs%2Fpentane-formula-illustration-vector-id

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fziyyara.in%2Fblog%2Fassets%2
Fimages%2Fcarbon11.png&i

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/w2Q0ZZVFpULlodGmh7mlk0LGxDFu6bHCi-
9lS2PavSE2GQqPe1wPmzQNG2UA3Po55iXHBwY=s170

15
 16
What’s New
Activity 1
Materials Odor Phase Viscosity Volatility Solubility
1.acetone weak liquid Not highly soluble
viscous volatile
2.cooking weak liquid Not not Not soluble
oil viscous volatile
3.liquid weak liquid Not Not volatile soluble
detergent Viscous
4.rubbing weak liquid Not Less soluble
alcohol viscous volatile
5.shampoo weak Semi liquid Less Not volatile Soluble
viscous
Observations:
1. All of the materials are viscous.
Viscosity is important due to the following reasons:
a. It determines how long will a reservoir take to fill and settle.
b. It determines how much energy is required to pump up process fluid.
c. It can also help determine structure of molecules such as protein in a solution
or the force required to inject a new drug formation into a patient.
Generalization:
The properties of organic compounds and its description:
1. Melting point is the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.
2. Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas.
3. Odor is the smell of the compound.
4. Volatility is how easily a substance becomes a gas.
5. Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid.
6. Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow
Answer Key
 17
What I have Learned
1. M E L T I N G P O I N T 4. S O L U B I L I T Y
2. V O L A T I L I T Y 5. V I S C O S I T Y
3. B O I L I N G P O I N T
What I Can Do
Modified True or False
1. True 6. False- higher
2. True 7. True
3. False - carbon 8. True
4. False - branching 9. True
5. True 10. False - stronger
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, Cebu City Division

Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: (063) 255-1516, (032)253-9095

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