DEBRECENI EGYETEM

MŰSZAKI KAR
GÉPÉSZMÉRNÖKI TANSZÉK

Technical drawing
Dr. Czégé Levente
Sections
• Sections: In order to show the inner details of a machine component,
the object is imagined to be cut by a cutting plane and the section is
viewed after the removal of cut portion.
• Objective: to make the drawing more understandable, especially the
internal details of the part
• Principles: the sectioned drawing shows internal features there is
generally no need to show hidden lines. Helpful for both, detailed and
assembly drawings.

2021. 02. 25. Technical drawing 2

Sections

2021. 02. 25. Technical drawing 3

Sections

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Sections

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Sections
• If the cutting plane appears as an edge in the top view and is normal in the front
view, it is a frontal cutting plane.
• If the cutting plane appears as an edge in the front view and is normal in the top
view, it is a horizontal cutting plane.
• If the cutting plane appears as an edge in the top and front views and is normal in
the profile view, it is a profile cutting plane.

2021. 02. 25. Technical drawing 6

Sections
• Cutting plane: S3,
• Cutting plane: S2,
• Cutting plane: S1.

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Sections
• Hatching is generally used to show areas of sections. The simplest
form of hatching may be continuous thin lines at a convenient angle,
preferably 45°, to the principal outlines or lines of symmetry of the
sections.

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Sections
• Rules:
• Separate areas of a section of the same component shall be hatched in an
identical manner.
• The hatching of adjacent components shall be carried out with different
directions or spacings.

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Sections
• Rules:
• In case of large areas, the hatching may be limited to a zone, following the
contour of the hatched area.
• Where sections of the same part in parallel planes are shown side by side, the
hatching shall be identical, but may be off-set along the dividing line between
the sections.

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Sections
• Rules:
• Hatching should be interrupted when it is not possible to place inscriptions
outside the hatched area.
• Section lines should not run parallel or perpendicular to the visible outline. In
this case the section lines are drawn at a different angle, such as 30°.

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Metszetek
• When very thin materials have to be shown in section and there is no
room for hatching, then they are shown solid. (E.g. sheet metal).
• If two or more parts are shown adjacent, a small space should be left
between them.

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Cutting planes
• The cutting plane(s) should be indicated by means of type thick
center line.
• The cutting plane should be identified by capital letters and the
direction of viewing should be indicated by arrows. The section
should be indicated by the relevant designation.

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Cutting planes
• If the position of the cutting plane is obvious, the line need not be
drawn. Also, if the cutting plane line is in the same position as a
center line, the cutting plane line has precedence.

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A metszetek fajtái
• The sections are generally represented by any of the following:
• Full section view, where the section plane go completely through the object.
• Half section view, where the section plane go half-way through the object.
• Offset section, where the sectional plane bent through the features that are
not aligned.
• Broken-out section where the section go through part of the object.
• Revolved or removed section: Cross sections may be revolved in the
relevant view or removed. The removed section may be placed near
to and connected with the view by a chain thin line or in a different
position and identified in the conventional manner.

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Full Section View
• A full section view is made by passing the imaginary cutting plane
completely through the object.

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Half Section view
• Half sections are created by passing an imaginary cutting plane only
halfway through an object. External features of the part are drawn on
the un-sectioned half of the view.
• A center line, not an object line, is used to separate the sectioned half
from the un-sectioned half of the view.
• Half section views are used most often on parts that are symmetrical,
such as cylinders.
• Also, half sections are commonly used in assembly drawings when
external features are also to be shown.

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Half Section view

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Half Section view
• A center line, not an object line, is used to separate the sectioned half
from the un-sectioned half of the view.

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Broken-out or local section
• A local section may be drawn if half or full section is not convenient.
• In this case the section goes through part of the object.
• The local break may be shown by a continuous thin free hand line.
• The cutting plane is normally not indicated.

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Broken-out or local section

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Offset section
• Sectioning in parallel planes

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Aligned sections
• Sectioning in two intersecting planes, in which one is shown revolved
into plane of projection.

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Revolved Sections
• Revolved Sections
Revolved sections show the shape of an object's cross-section
superimposed on a longitudinal view.
• When revolved in the relevant view, the outline of the section should
be shown with continuous thin lines.
• When removed (removed section), the outline of the section should
be drawn with continuous thick lines.
• The removed section may be placed near to and connected with the
view by a chain thin line or in a different position and identified in the
conventional manner.
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Revolved Sections

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Revolved Sections
• Edges behind the cutting plane are drawn only in exceptional cases:
when a hole, or cutout would divide the revolved section into
separate parts. In these cases the edges are shown, to ensure the
continuality of the drawing.

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Not to section
• In principle, ribs, fasteners, shafts, spokes of wheels and the like are
not cut in longitudinal sections and therefore should not be hatched.

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2021. 02. 25. Technical drawing 28
Intersection curves
• Intersection lines generated by intersectioning surfaces are to be
drwan by thick continuous lines.
• Intersection curves could be drawn simplified, if the deviation from
the contour is less then the line thickness.

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Transition lines
• Transition lines between surfaces, gradually merging into
each other, are shown conventionally or not shown at all.
• This simplification can be used when the size of the drawing
does not allow an accurate demonstration of the view.
• Transition lines are not used for dimensioning.

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Breaking
• Breaking may be used to shorten certain views of long parts having
similar cross sections throughout the length.
• In case of broken views, the dimension line must be drawn without
breaks, and the dimension indicates the true length of the part.
• The breaking is indicated by thin continuous line.

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Breaking
• In case of cones or surfaces in an angle the contour and the edges
keep their original angle.

• In case of broken sections it is not necessary to draw the breaking

line.

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Removed element
• If an element of a machine part requires additional explanations
(exact shape or dimensions) because of its small size, it is usually
shown in an additional view drawn to a larger scale.
• The origin of the additional view in the drawing is indicated by a circle
drawn with a thin continuous line.
• The removed elements may be sectioned.

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Repetitive elements
• For geometries and elements, which are in regular interval repeat,
there is a simplified form of representation:
• The repetitive element is drawn at the beginning and at the end of the part,
the remaining elements are represented by continuous line.
• In case of cilindrical parts only one repetitive element is shown.
• It’s enough to indicate the position of geometrical elements which are
arranged in a well recognisable pattern (e.g. holes).

Folyamatelemzés, -optimalizálás I. 2.ea.

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Indication of extrem positions
• The two extreme positions of moveable parts of assembly drawings
can be shown by drawn thin chain double-dashed line. The view of
the element in the extreme position is imaginary, only the contour is
drawn. The edges behind this imaginary view are visible.

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Connecting elements
• As an explanation, sometimes it helps to draw the element witch is
connected to the part. For this thin chain double-dashed line is used.
The connected element is imaginary, only the contour is drawn.

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Representation of flat surfaces
• Some objects with cylindrical, square or hexagonal features may be
represented by a single view.
• In such cases, the diameter of the cylinder, the side of the square, the
side of the hexagon may be expressed by a note or abbreviation.
• Square sections are indicated by light crossed

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