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Basic Pneumatic Exercises

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Clamping a work piece

Using a single acting cylinder,

work pieces are to be fed into
a jig from a gravity magazine

The piston rod is to extend when a push button is pressed

and return to the start position when the push button is released.
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Heavy Work piece feeding

Work piece fed using a double acting cylinder.

The piston rod is extended when a selector switch is turned

and returns to the start position when the selector switch is
returned to its original position.
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1.0

1.1 4 2

5 3
1
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1.0

v=0

1.1 4 2

5 3
1
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1.0

1.1
4 2
12

5 3
1.2 1
2

1 3

Indirect control
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1.0

v=0

1.1
4 2
12

5 3
1.2 1
2

1 3

Indirect control
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Heavy Work piece feeding
Automatic Return

Work piece fed using a double acting cylinder.

The piston rod is extended when a push button is pressed.

Piston rod returned to initial position when a limit switch is at forward

position switched.
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Automatic Return
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Heavy Work piece feeding
Safe extending

Work piece fed using a double acting cylinder.

The piston rod is extended when a push button is pressed AND if piston is
in its backward position.

Piston rod returned to initial position when a limit switch at forward

position is switched.
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Logic Valves
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Signal Processing Elements
Check valve

Spring-loaded check valve

Shuttle valve

Dual-pressure valve

Quick exhaust valve

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Two Pressure Valve- (AND Valve)
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Designating the elements
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• All elements should be shown in the circuit diagram in the
initial position.
• If valves have been drawn with an actuated initial position,
this fact is indicated for example by an arrow, or for a limit
switch, by drawing the cam.
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1.0
1.2 1.3

60%
1.1

4 2

5 3
1

2
1 1

2
2 2
1.3
1.2
1 3
1 3 1 3
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1.0
1.2 1.3

v=0

60%
1.1

4 2

5 3
1

2
1 1

2
2 2
1.3
1.2
1 3
1 3 1 3
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Heavy Work piece feeding
Emergency retracting

Work piece fed using a double acting cylinder.

The piston rod is extended when a push button is pressed AND if piston is
in its backward position.

Piston rod returned to initial position when a limit switch at forward

position is switched OR an emergency push button is pressed.
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Shuttle Valve (OR Valve)
• When any one of several signals are to shift a control
valve, these signals are combined with shuttle valves.
• This prevents air pressure from one signal valve escaping
through another.
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1A 1S2 1S4

50%
1 V2

1 V1 4 2
14 12

0V1 5 3 0V2
2 1 2
1 1 1 1

1 S1 1 S3
2 2 2 2

1S2 1S4

1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
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Check Valve
• Stopping flow completely in one direction and allowing
flow in the other direction is accomplished with a check
valve.
• The blocking element within the valve may be a cone,
disk, ball or diaphragm.
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Flow control valves
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Throttle valve
•Normally adjustable
•Setting can be locked in position
•Used for speed control of cylinders.
•Throttle valve should not close fully (cuts off air from the system)
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One-way throttle valve
• To provide flow control in one direction only, an
adjustable flow control valve and a check valve are
combined.
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One way flow control valve

Flow control valve, adjustable

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Quick exhaust valve
• Quick exhaust valves are used to increase the piston speed
of cylinders.
• Lengthy return times can be avoided, particularly with
single acting cylinders.
• To reduce resistance to flow, the air is expelled to
atmosphere close to the cylinder and through a large
orifice.
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Time Delay valve
• The time delay valve is made up of
– Pneumatically operated 3/2-way valve
– One-way flow control valve
– Small air accumulator
• When the necessary pressure is reached at the control
connection 12 of the unit, the 3/2-way valve switches and
the flow passes freely from 1 to 2.
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Pressure Sequence valve
• Operated when the control pressure at connection 12 has
been reached, the flow passes freely from 1 to 2.
• Removing the signal allows the valve to return to its
starting position through the use of a return spring.
• The pressure of the control signal is infinitely adjustable via
a pressure setting screw.
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Adjustable pressure regulating valve

Non-relieving type
Adjustable pressure regulating valve
relieving type (overloads are vented)

Sequence valve-External source

Sequence valve-In-line

Sequence valve
combination
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Multi Actuator Control
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Vertical Displacement
2.0

1.0
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Sequential Circuits
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Drilling Application
2.0
Drill Cylinder Limit switches to
detect end limits of
cylinder movement

Clamp
Cylinder
1.0
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