Wirtualne Środowisko Nauki SJO

Projekt Studium Języków Obcych

Politechniki Wrocławskiej

Język specjalistyczny

Właściwości dokumentu:

Język: angielski

Poziom: B2

Wydział: Chemiczny

Opracowanie: mgr Joanna Leszkiewicz

 What is a Nanodiamond?
A nanodiamond can be created by detonating TNT* and RDX** and then gathering the
remaining soot. This idea is that pure nanodiamond can be produced by the detonation of a
diamond blend and will then be formed by chemical purification. The soot left over actually
contains tiny diamonds, which measure four nanometers in size. [1] .The nanodiamond has
many unique physical characteristics just like its bigger cousin, the full karat diamond stone.

Nanodiamonds have a rounded shape, an active surface and a diamond-like hardness that can
very useful in a number of applications. (The strength of nanodiamonds is compared to
Teflon) [2]. Additionally, nanodiamonds also have the same lubricating power that oils do.
How have these physical qualities of these tiny objects been used in practice?

Nanodiamonds have been used as light beacons for chemotherapy, medical treatment that
sees chemicals killing harmful microorganisms, usually cancer cells. The nanodiamonds are
used as light when they are attached to cancer cells as well as tumors. Now, medicine can be
delivered to the right zone with increased accuracy. [3] .

Additionally, scientists have found that carbon based nanodiamonds are soluble in water, and
have good biocompatibility. This means that these nanodiamonds, when used along with
treatment, cause little to no inflammation in the body. This is a promising finding, though
research is by no means complete. [4] .While it is known that nanodiamonds have a useful
life, they are far from “forever” like full size diamonds. This is why using nanodiamonds in
medical procedures is still experimental. Science is not quite at the point where full-scale
clinical trials can commence. However, when more is learned regarding the effect of
nanodiamonds in the body then more options may open up.

Nanodiamonds, while they are documented, are not completely understood. While they have
been shown to be useful in a variety of industrial processes (much like black diamonds) the
full potential of these tiny, shiny objects is not yet realized. [5]. There may still be many other
uses of nanodiamonds to be revealed in the future. However, it’s safe to assume that
nanodiamonds will never be held in the same esteem as their bigger cousins—after all,
hundreds of thousands of nanodiamonds could fit through the eye of a needle! Nevertheless,
nanodiamonds are a phenomenon worth learning about.
Diamond News

*TNT trinitrotoluene - explosive material

** RDX cyclonite - explosive material

TASK 1
Read the text carefully . Five sentences have been removed from the passage. Choose
from the sentences A to F the one which fits each gap 1-5 . There is one extra sentence.

A. This shows you how small these nanometer-sized diamonds really are, that they
actually attach to microscopic cells.

B. Nanodiamonds have been used as polishing material, additives to engine oil, lubricants
for metal, fillers for plastics and rubbers, and additives to galvanic electrolytes.

© Politechnika Wrocławska - Studium Języków Obcych str. 2

 C. However, in order for these diamonds to shine and look anything like diamonds they
must be exposed to a high-energy electron beam and then heated 800 degrees Celsius.

D. The next step will be to conduct experiments to confirm where nanodiamond particles
of varying sizes and concentrations end up, and if buildup at those destinations is safe.

E. There are still scientists seeking to test the level of toxicity of these small diamonds,
and how long they can remain in a person’s body before becoming toxic or from
dissipating altogether.

F. In addition, nanodiamonds also have wear resistance, are resistant to steel corrosion,
have angstrom finishes of polished surfaces and have the physical characteristics of
rubber.
1____ 2____ 3____ 4____ 5____

TASK 2
Read the text again and find the antonym ( the opposite ) of the adjectives given below.
1. mixed, dirty,
2. common
3. enormous
4. beneficial
5. worthless
6. hidden
7. dull
TASK 3
Put in each space below a noun made from the verb given in brackets after each
sentence.
1. Nowadays there are many portable water ____________ systems available for camping in
remote areas. PURIFY

2. Some proteins stimulate the __________ of blood cells PRODUCE

3.To find out the effect of the crisis they made a ________________ American and European
economies. COMPARE

4.You will find some more information in the __________ ATTACH

5. Long term _________ to radiation may lead to increased risk of cancer and micro-vascular
problems EXPOSE

6.Due to the great number of the orders the company had to change ______ date. DELVER

7.The Minister had to resign following the ________ of his affair with a secretary. REVEAL

8.Some scientists question scientific __________ on which the theory of Big Bang
is based on. ASSUME

© Politechnika Wrocławska - Studium Języków Obcych str. 3

 What is a namodiamond ?

JĘZYK POLSKI JĘZYK ANGIELSKI

domieszka additive
wpływ affect
promień, wiązka promieni beam
szacunek esteem
szlif wykończeniowy finish
stan zapalny inflammation
smar lubricant
smarować lubricate
zjawisko phenomenon
sadza soot
próba trial
odporność na ścieranie, zużycie wear resistance

© Politechnika Wrocławska - Studium Języków Obcych str. 2

 What is a nanodiamond ?
KLUCZ

ZADANIE 1

1. C
2. F
3. A
4. D
5. C

ZADANIE 2
1. pure
2. unique
3. enormous
4. harmful
5. useful
6. hidden
7. shiny

ZADANIE 3
1. purification
2. production
3.comparison
4.attachment
5. exposure
6.delivery
7.revealation
8.assumption