Coordinates: 20°35′N 121°54′E

Batanes
Batanes (Ivatan: Provinsiya nu Batanes; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Batanes, IPA: [bɐˈtanes]) is
an archipelagic province in the Philippines, administratively part of the Cagayan Valley region. Batanes
It is the northernmost province in the country, and also the smallest, both in population and
Province
land area. The capital is Basco, located on the island of Batan.
Province of Batanes
The island group is located approximately 162 kilometres (101 mi) north of the Luzon
mainland and about 190 kilometres (120 miles) south of Taiwan (Pingtung County), separated
from the Babuyan Islands of Cagayan Province by the Balintang Channel, and from Taiwan
by the Bashi Channel. The entire province is listed in the UNESCO tentative list for inscription
in the World Heritage List. The government has been finalizing the site's inscription,
establishing museums and conservation programs since 2001. Seven intangible heritage
elements of the Ivatan have been set by the Philippine government in its initial inventory in
2012. The elements are undergoing a process to be included in the UNESCO Intangible
Cultural Heritage Lists.
Coastal rocky cliffs of Batanes

Contents
Etymology
History Flag
Seal
Geography
Topography
Climate
Administrative divisions
Barangays
Demographics
Religion
Ecology
Flora and fauna
Economy
Transportation
Values
Heritage
Natural
Man-made
Location in the Philippines
Historical
Coordinates: 20°35′N 121°54′E
Intangible Heritage
Country Philippines
Gallery
Region Cagayan
References Valley
External links Founded June 26, 1783
Capital Basco
and largest
Etymology municipality
Government
The name Batanes is a hispanicised plural form derived from the Ivatan endonym Batan. • Governor Marilou H.
Cayco (LP)
• Vice Governor Ignacio C.
History Villa (LP)
• Legislature Batanes
The ancestors of today's Ivatans descended from Austronesians who migrated to the islands Provincial
4,000 years ago during the Neolithic period. They lived in fortified mountain areas called Board
idjangs and drank sugar-cane wine, or palek. They also used gold as currency and produced a Area[1]
thriving agriculture-based industry. They were also seafarers and boat-builders. Batanes was a • Total 219.01 km2
major site for the Maritime Jade Road, one of the most extensive sea-based trade networks of a (84.56 sq mi)
single geological material in the prehistoric world, operating for 3,000 years from 2000 BCE to • Rank 81st out of 81
1000 CE.[4][5][6][7]
 In 1687, a crew of English freebooters headed by the slaver Highest elevation 1,009 m
William Dampier came with a Dutch crew and named the (Mount Iraya) (3,310 ft)
islands in honour of their country's nobility. Itbayat was named Population (2020 census) [3]
"Orange Isle" after William of Orange, and Batan was named • Total 18,831
"Grafton Isle" after Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton. • Estimate (2020) 17,875[2]
Sabtang Isle was named "Monmouth Isle" after James Scott, • Rank 81st out of 81
1st Duke of Monmouth. Capt. Dampier stayed for less than • Density 86/km2
three months, and did not claim the islands for the British (220/sq mi)
crown.[8] • Rank 73rd out of 81
Divisions
In 1783, the Spanish claimed Batanes as part of the Philippines
• Independent cities 0
under the auspices of Governor-General José Basco y Vargas.
• Component cities 0
The Bashi Channel was increasingly used by English East
An Ivatan holding one of • Municipalities 6
India Company ships and the Spanish authorities brought the
many types of traditional Basco
islands under their direct administration to prevent them falling
Ivatan baskets.
under British control.[9] The Ivatan remained on their idjang Itbayat
castle-fortresses for some time. In 1790, Governor Guerrero Ivana
decreed that Ivatans were to live in the lowlands and leave their remote idjang. The mangpus, Mahatao
or indigenous Ivatan leaders, headed by the Ivatan hero Aman Dangat, revolted against the Sabtang
Spanish invaders.[10] Using guns, the Spanish ended the revolution, killing various Ivatan Uyugan
leaders, which included the murder of Aman Dangat.[10] Basco and Ivana were the first towns • Barangays 29
established under full Spanish control. Mahatao was then administered by Basco, while • Districts Legislative
Uyugan and Sabtang, by Ivana. Itbayat was not organized until the 1850s, its coast being a district of
ridge. Soon, Ilocanos came to the islands and integrated with the local population. Roads, Batanes
ports, bridges, churches and government buildings were built in this time. Limestone
Time zone UTC+8 (PHT)
technology used by the Spanish was also spread to the islands, making bridges strong and
fortified. Some of these bridges still remain at Ivana and Mahatao. By 1890, many Ivatans ZIP code 3900–3905
were in Manila, and became ilustrados, who then brought home with them the revolutionary IDD : area code +63 (0)78
ideas of the Katipunan. These Ivatans, who were then discontented with Spanish rule, killed ISO 3166 code PH-BTN
the ruling General Fortea and declared the end of Spanish rule. Spoken languages Ivatan ·
Itbayaten ·
Toward the end of the Spanish administration, Batanes was made a part of Cagayan. In 1909, Isamurongen ·
the new American authorities organized it into an independent province. During the American Ilocano ·
colonial period, additional public schools were constructed and more Ivatan became aware of Tagalog ·
their place in the Philippines. In 1920, the first wireless telegraph was installed, followed by an English
airfield in 1930. New roads were constructed and the Batanes High School was instituted.

Because of their strategic location, the islands was one of the first points occupied by invading Japanese imperial forces at the outbreak of
the Pacific War. The morning of December 8, 1941, the Batan Task Force from Taiwan landed on the Batan Islands, which became the first
American territory occupied by the Japanese. The purpose of the invasion was to secure the existing small airfield outside Basco, which was
accomplished without resistance. Japanese fighters from Basco took part in the raid on Clark Air Base the following day. However, over the
next several days, the success of the Japanese bombing of Clark Field rendered a base at Basco unnecessary, and on December 10, 1941,
the naval combat force was withdrawn to participate in the invasion of Camiguin.[11]

One of the first School Superintendents on Batan was Victor de Padua, an Ilocano, who in 1942–45 during the Japanese occupation was
made Provincial Governor. Early in 1945 the island was liberated by the Philippine Commonwealth forces of the 1st and 12th Infantry
Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army. In 1984, Pacita Abad, the foremost Ivatan visual artist, became the first woman to be
awarded the Ten Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) award, breaking 25 years of male dominance. In her acceptance speech, she said, "it
was long overdue that Filipina women were recognized, as the Philippines was full of outstanding women" and referred proudly to her
mother.[12]

In 1993, the Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape, which encompassed the entire province,
was listed in the Tentative List of the Philippines for UNESCO World Heritage Site inscription in
the future.[13] In 1997, the Indigenous Peoples Rights act or IPRA was passed in Philippine
Congress. The law paved the way for the indigenous territorial rights of the Ivatans. The province
has since promoted its Ivatan roots. Part of the Ilocano population has returned to mainland Luzon.
On December 7, 2004, Pacita Abad died after finishing her last international art work while
suffering from cancer.[14]

Geography
A Sinadumparan Ivatan house, one
The province has a total area of 219.01 square kilometres (84.56 sq mi)[15] comprising ten islands of the oldest structures in the
situated within the Luzon Strait between the Balintang Channel and Taiwan. The islands are Batanes islands. The house is made
sparsely populated and subject to frequent typhoons. The three largest islands, Batan, Itbayat, and of limestone and coral and its roofing
Sabtang, are the only inhabited islands. of cogon grass.
The northernmost island in the province, also the northernmost land in the entire Philippines, is Mavulis (or Y'ami) Island. Other islands in
the chain are Misanga (or North), Ditarem, Siayan, Diogo (or Dinem), Ivuhos, and Dequey. The islands are part of the Luzon Volcanic Arc.

Topography

Almost one-half of Batanes is hills and mountains. Batan Island is generally mountainous on the
north and southeast. It has a basin in the interior. Itbayat Island slopes gradually to the west, being
mountainous and hilly along its northern, eastern coast. As for Sabtang, mountains cover the central
part, making the island slope outward to the coast.

The islands are situated between the vast expanse of the waters of Bashi Channel and Balintang
Channel, where the Pacific Ocean merges with the China Sea. The area is a sea lane between the
Philippines and Japan, China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. It is rich with marine resources, including
Batanes Hills the rarest sea corals in the world.

The province is hilly and mountainous, with only 1,631.5 hectares or 7.1% of its area level to
undulating, and 78.2% or 17,994.4 hectares varying from rolling to steep and very steep. Forty-two percent (42%) or 9,734.40 hectares are
steep to very steep land. Because of the terrain of the province, drainage is good and prolonged flooding is non-existent. The main island of
Batan has the largest share of level and nearly level lands, followed by Itbayat and Sabtang, respectively. Itbayat has gently rolling hills and
nearly level areas on semi-plateaus surrounded by continuous massive cliffs rising from 20 to 70 metres (66–230 feet) above sea level, with
no shorelines. Sabtang has its small flat areas spread sporadically on its coasts, while its interior is dominated by steep mountains and deep
canyons. Batan Island and Sabtang have intermittent stretches of sandy beaches and rocky shorelines.

The terrain of the province, while picturesque at almost every turn, has limited the potential for expansion of agriculture in an already very
small province.

Climate

Batanes has a tropical climate (Köppen climate classification Am). The average yearly temperature is
26.0 °C (78.8 °F), and the average monthly temperature ranges from 22.0 °C (71.6 °F) in January to
28.5 °C (83.3 °F) in July, similar to that of Southern Taiwan. Precipitation is abundant throughout
Batanes Stone house
the year; the rainiest month is August while the driest month is April. November to February are the
coldest months. There is a misconception that Batanes is constantly battered by typhoons. Batanes is
mentioned frequently in connection with typhoons, because it holds the northernmost weather station in the Philippines, thus, it is also a
reference point for all typhoons that enter the Philippine area; however, in September 2016, Typhoon Meranti impacted the entire province,
including a landfall on Itbayat.[16]

Administrative divisions

Batanes is subdivided into 6 municipalities, all encompassed by a lone congressional district.

Political divisions

Municipality [i] Population ±% p.a. Area[15] Density Barangay

(2020) [3] (2015) [17] km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi

Basco † 50.5% 9,517 8,579 +2.00% 33.67 13.00 280 730 6

 Itbayat 16.6% 3,128 2,867 +1.67% 83.13 32.10 38 98 5

Ivana 7.5% 1,407 1,327 +1.12% 16.54 6.39 85 220 4

Mahatao 9.0% 1,703 1,555 +1.75% 12.90 4.98 130 340 4
Sabtang 9.0% 1,696 1,621 +0.86% 40.70 15.71 42 110 6
Uyugan 7.3% 1,380 1,297 +1.19% 16.28 6.29 85 220 4
T o tal 18,831 17,246 +1.69% 203.22 78.46 93 240 29

† Provincial capital Municipality

i. The globe icon marks the town center.

Barangays

The 6 municipalities of the province comprise a total of 29 barangays, with Ihuvok II in Basco as the most populous in 2010, and
Nakanmuan in Sabtang as the least. [18]

Demographics
Population census of Batanes
Year Pop. ±% p.a. Year Pop. ±% p.a. Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1903 8,293 — 1970 11,398 +1.01% 2000 16,467 +3.26%
1918 8,214 −0.06% 1975 11,870 +0.82% 2007 15,974 −0.42%
1939 9,512 +0.70% 1980 12,091 +0.37% 2010 16,604 +1.42%
1948 10,705 +1.32% 1990 15,026 +2.20% 2015 17,246 +0.73%
1960 10,309 −0.31% 1995 14,180 −1.08% 2020 18,831 +1.74%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [17] [18] [18]

The population of Batanes in the 2020 census was 18,831 people, [3] with a density of 86 inhabitants per square kilometre or 220 inhabitants
per square mile.

The natives are called Ivatans and share prehistoric cultural and linguistic commonalities with the Babuyan
on Babuyan Island and the Tao people of Orchid Island.

This divided homeland is a result of the Dutch invasion of Taiwan in 1624 (Dutch Formosa) and Spanish
invasion in 1626 (Spanish Formosa). The northern half of the Ivatan homeland, Formosa and Orchid Island
which were formally part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, fell to the Dutch who were in turn expelled in
1662 by forces of the Chinese Southern Ming dynasty, led by the Chinese pirate Koxinga who then set
himself up as The King of Taiwan.

The southern half of the Ivatan homeland, the islands of Batanes, was reinforced and fortified by Spanish
refugees from Formosa before being formally joined in the 18th century with the Spanish government in
Manila.
An elderly Ivatan woman
The main languages spoken in Batanes are Ivatan, which is spoken on the islands of Batan and Sabtang;
inside her house.
Itbayaten, which is spoken primarily on the island of Itbayat. The Ivatan which is dominant in the province
is considered to be one of the Austronesian languages. From college level down to elementary level, the
language is widely spoken.[19]

Religion

The large majority (94%) of the island's people adhere to Roman Catholicism. The remaining faiths are other Christian Churches.

Ecology
An extensive survey of the ecology of Batanes[20] provided the scientific basis for confirming the need for a national park in Batanes
protecting the Batanes protected landscapes and seascapes, proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, submitted on 15 August 1993. An
effort is underway to declare the whole province, along with the sugar central sites in Negros, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[21]

Flora and fauna

The province is the home of the unique conifer species Podocarpus costalis. Although it is
reportedly growing in some other places such as coasts of Luzon, Catanduanes and even Taiwan,
full blossoming and fruiting are observed only in Batanes. Its fruiting capacity on the island remains
a mystery but is likely due to several factors such as climate, soil and type of substratum of the
island.

Several species of birds, bats, reptiles and amphibians also inhabit the island; many of those are
endemic to the Philippines. The island is also a sanctuary of different migratory birds during winter
in the Northern Hemisphere.
Livestock freely roaming in the green
Economy hills in Batanes

Poverty Incidence of Batanes

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[22][23][24][25][26][27][28]

About 75% of the Ivatans are farmers and fishermen. The rest are employed in the government and services sector. Garlic and cattle are
major cash crops. Ivatans also plant camote (sweet potato), cassava, gabi or tuber and a unique variety of white uvi. Sugarcane is raised to
produce palek, a kind of native wine, and vinegar.[29]

In recent years, fish catch has declined due to the absence of technical know-how. Employment opportunities are scarce. Most of the
educated Ivatans have migrated to urban centers or have gone abroad.

A wind diesel generating plant was commissioned in 2004.

Distance and bad weather work against its economic growth. Certain commodities like rice, soft drinks, and gasoline carry a 75% to 100%
mark-up over Manila retail prices.

Transportation
The island province of Batanes is accessible by air via the Basco Airport and Itbayat Airport. There are 3 flights per week from Manila by
SkyJetAir, and from Tuguegarao (Cagayan) by small local airliners (as of January 2013). PAL Express flies to Batanes every Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday since May 1, 2013.[30]

Values
The Ivatan people of Batanes are one of the most egalitarian societies in the Philippines. The prime motivator of the cultural values of the
Ivatans are imbibed in their pre-colonial belief systems of respecting nature and all people. The Ivatans, both the older and younger
generations, have one of the highest incidences of social acceptance to minority groups in the country. The Ivatans also have a high respect
for the elderly and the prowess of natural phenomena such as waves, sea breeze, lightning, thunders, earthquakes, and wildlife
congregations. Discriminating someone based on skin color, ethnic origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, and traditions on nature is
unacceptable in Ivatan values. Land grabbing is also a grave crime in Ivatan societies, making ancestral domain certification an important
part of Ivatan jurisprudence since the enactment of the IPRA Law.

Heritage

Natural
Sabtang Island is undisturbed and unspoiled. It has intermittent white sand beaches
with steep mountains and deep canyons with small level areas sporadically found
along the coastline. Southwest of Batan Island, Sabtang is accessible by 30-minute
falowa ride from Radiwan Port in Ivana. Sabtang Island is also the take-off point for
Ivuhos Island from Barangay Nakanmuan.
Itbayat Island is located north of Batan Island. Itbayat is shaped like a giant bowl. The
island is surrounded by massive boulders and cliffs rising from 20 to 70 feet (6.1–21.3
metres) above sea level and has no shoreline. It has a dirt airstrip for light aircraft. A
regular ferry runs the Batan-Itbayat route. Travel time is about four hours by falowa
from Basco Seaport. A light plane flies from Basco Airport to Itbayat at around P1,875 White sand beach at Sabtang island
per person and leaves only when the plane is full.
Batan Island is the most populated island of the province. It is composed of four
municipalities: Basco, Ivana, Uyugan, and Mahatao. Basco is the center of commerce and the seat of the provincial
government.
Mount Iraya is a dormant volcano standing at 1,517 metres (4,977 feet) whose last eruption was recorded in 505 AD.
Mountaineering, trekking, and trailblazing are recommended sports activities on the mountain. Walking distance from
Basco, the top of Mt. Iraya can be reached in about three hours.
 Mavulis Island is the northernmost island of Batanes. From this location, one can see Formosa (Taiwan) on a clear day.
Tatus or coconut crabs abound on the island surrounded by rich marine life.
Di-atay Beach is a cove with multi-colored rocks and white sand ideal for picnics and beachcombing. Located along the
highway of Mahatao, it is 9.85 kilometres (6.12 miles) from Basco.
Songsong in Chadpidan Bay is an hour of exhilarating trek from Basco proper (3 kilometres (1.9 miles)). It is famous for its
beautiful sunset view.
Naidi Hills is walking distance from Basco.
Chawa Cave is for the more adventurous. An enchanted cave with a natural salt bed whose mouth opens to the south
China Sea and is accessible through the boulders of Chawa Point in Mahatao. It is 4 kilometres (2.5 miles) from Basco.
Sitio Diura at Racuj-a-Ide is the fishermen's village at Mananoy Bay. Fishing season is marked by a festival in mid-March
called Kapayvanuvanua. Visitors are treated with fresh fish delicacies from the Pacific Ocean. Within the area is the
legendary Spring of Youth and living cave with crystal limestone formations. The bay is nine kilometres (5.6 miles) from
Basco.
Nakabuang Cave is 5.5 kilometres (3.4 miles) from San Vicente Centro in Sabtang.
Mt. Matarem is an extinct volcano 495 metres (1,624 feet) at its summit. It is eight kilometres (5.0 miles) from Basco.
White Beach at Vatang, Hapnit, and Mavatuy Point, all in Mahatao.
Storm-proof Stone houses in Batanes many residents during typhoon made up their already-fortified houses with wood
and secured the roofs with nets and ropes. This was done to ensure that the structures—which symbolize the Ivatan's
strength and resilience against disasters—outlast the high-pressure winds of a typhoon that is expected to unleash.
Tapangkos or covering were also installed on the doors and windows of several buildings in Batanes, including the
capitol building. During heavy storms, it was also a time for Bayanihan of the residents as they helped each other tie-
down roofs.

Man-made
Radar Tukon was a United States weather station on a hilltop. It offers a magnificent 360-degree view of Batan Island, the
South China Sea, Mt. Iraya, Basco proper, boulder lined cliffs and the Pacific Ocean. At present, it houses the
northernmost weather station in the Philippines, the Basco Radar Station, and is only 2.75 kilometres (1.71 miles) from
Basco.
Old Loran Station housed a US Coast Guard detachment for almost two decades and is about 25 kilometres (16 miles)
from Basco.
Ruins Of Songsong is a ghost barangay which is a cluster of roofless shells of old stone houses abandoned after a tidal
wave that hit the island of Batan in the 1950s. It has a long stretch of beach. The ruins are 23 kilometres (14 miles) from
Basco.
San Jose Church in Ivana was built in 1814. It has a crenelated fortress-like campanile. The church fronts the Ivana
Seaport and is 14 kilometres (8.7 miles) from Basco.
Kanyuyan Beach & Port at Baluarte Bay in Basco is the port of call of the cargo ships bringing goods from Manila.
San Carlos Borromeo Church and a convent at Mahatao are six kilometres (3.7 miles) from Basco. It was completed in
1789 and still retains its centuries-old features.
Idjangs or fortified stone fortresses where the native Ivatans' ancestors migrated to Batanes as early as 4,000 BC lived in
them for defensive cover.
Fundacion Pacita is a lodging house and restaurant, which was formerly owned by Pacita Abad, the most iconic Ivatan
visual artist. The house has been redecorated and filled with numerous art works of Pacita Abad after she died in 2004.

Historical
Radiwan Point at Ivana Seaport is where the Katipuneros landed on September 18, 1898. It is also the ferry station of the
falowas plying the islands of Sabtang and Itbayat.
Boat-shaped Stone Grave Markers, Chuhangin Burial Site, Ivuhos Island, Sabtang, Batanes
Chavulan Burial Jar Site, Ivuhos Island, Sabtang Island
Arrangement of Stone with Holes, Sumnanga, Sabtang
Columnar Stones, Post Holes, Stone Anchors, Itbud Idyang, Uyugan, Batanes
Arrangement of Stone Walls, Idyang Site, Basco, Batanes
Paso Stone Formation, Ivuhos Island, Sabtang, Batanes
Columnar Stone with Holes, Mahatao, Batanes

Intangible Heritage

In 2012, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the ICHCAP of UNESCO published Pinagmulan: Enumeration
from the Philippine Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The first edition of the UNESCO-backed book included (1) Laji, (2)
Kapayvanuvanuwa Fishing Ritual, (3) Kapangdeng Ritual, (4) Traditional Boats in Batanes, (5) Sinadumparan Ivatan House Types, (6)
Ivatan Basketry, and (7) Ivatan (Salakot) Hat Weaving, signifying their great importance to Philippine intangible cultural heritage. The local
government of Batanes, in cooperation with the NCCA, is given the right to nominate the 7 distinct elements into the UNESCO Intangible
Cultural Heritage Lists.[31]

Gallery

An old Spanish bridge in Ivana A rocky shore in Batanes Gloomy sky over the lighthouse
in Basco

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External links
Batanes travel guide from Wikivoyage
Media related to Batanes at Wikimedia Commons
Geographic data related to Batanes (https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1506352) at OpenStreetMap
Batanes Islands Cultural Atlas (http://ecai.org/batanesatlas/)
Northern Luzon cultures (http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Tagalog_Default_files/Philippine_Culture/Regional%20Cult
ures/northern_luzon_cultures.htm)
Batanes Travel and Tours (http://batanestravelandtours.com)
Batanes Budget Travel Guide (http://outoftownblog.com/batanes-travel-guide-explore-breathtaking-batanes/)
TRAVEL TIP: A Guide on Planning a Trip to Batanes (http://www.pinoyadventurista.com/2013/05/travel-tip-guide-on-plan
ning-trip-to-batanes.html)

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