Q2

Inputs :

fck ≔ 30 MPa Es ≔ 200 GPa Ec ≔ 33000 MPa

fy
fy ≔ 420 MPa fu ≔ 550 MPa εy ≔ ―― = 0.0021 εsh ≔ 0.005 εsu ≔ 0.05
Es

2 ⋅ fck
εco ≔ ―― = 0.002 εcu ≔ 0.0035
Ec

BX ≔ 50 cm BY ≔ 50 cm ϕt ≔ 10 mm s ≔ 100 mm

cover ≔ 30 mm

⎡ 26 ⎤ ⎡3⎤
ϕl ≔ ⎢ 26 ⎥ ⋅ mm nsl ≔ ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 26 ⎦ ⎣3⎦ nside ≔ 2 ⋅ ((rows ((ϕl)) - 2)) = 2

ϕl
0
AC ≔ BX ⋅ BY = ⎛⎝2.5 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ mm 2 cc ≔ cover - ―― - ϕt = 7 mm
2
BY - 2 ⋅ cover
sside ≔ ――――― = 220 mm
nside
――+ 1
2
⎡ 530.929 ⎤ ⎡ 1.593 ⋅ 10 3 ⎤
π ⋅ ϕl 2 ⎢ ⎛ nside ⎞ | ⎢ ⎥
asl ≔ ――― = 530.929 ⎥ mm 2 As ≔ for i ∊ 0 ‥ ⎜――+ 2⎟ - 1| = ⎢ 1.062 ⋅ 10 3 ⎥ mm
2

4 ⎢ ⎥ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎣ 530.929 ⎦ | ⎢⎣ 1.593 ⋅ 10 3 ⎥⎦
‖ As ← nsl ⋅ asl |
‖ i i i |
‖ As ||
‖

rows ((ϕl)) - 1
AsTotal
AsTotal ≔ ∑ As = ⎛⎝4.247 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2 ρ ≔ ――― = 0.017
i=0
i AC
 rows ((ϕl)) - 1
AsTotal
AsTotal ≔ ∑ As = ⎛⎝4.247 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2 ρ ≔ ――― = 0.017
i=0
i AC

Concrete model (Hognestad)

εc ≔ 0.0000005 , 0.0001 ‥ εcu + 0.0001

σc ((εc)) ≔ if εc ≤ 0 |
‖ σc ← 0 MPa |
‖ |
else if εc ≤ εco |
‖ ⎛ 2 εc ⎛ εc ⎞ 2 ⎞ |
‖ σc ← fck ⋅ ⎜―― - ⎜―― |
⎟ ⎟ |
‖‖ ⎝ εco ⎝ εco ⎠ ⎠
|
else if εc ≤ εcu |
‖ ⎛ -0.15 ⋅ fck ⎞ |
‖ σc ← fck + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ((εc - εco)) |
‖‖ ⎝ εcu - εco ⎠ |
else |
‖ σc ← 0 MPa |
‖ |

0.002

30

27

24

21

18

15
σc ((εc)) ((MPa ))
12

0
0 3.5⋅10⁻⁴
7⋅10⁻⁴ 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004

εc

Trilineer Stress-Strain Rebar model

 Trilineer Stress-Strain Rebar model

εsf ≔ -εsu - 0.0001 , -εsu ‥ εsu + 0.0001

σs ((εsf)) ≔ if ||εsf|| ≤ εy |
‖ εsf ⋅ Es |
‖ |
else |
‖ if ||εsf|| ≤ εsh ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ ||εsf|| ||
‖ ‖ ―― ⋅ fy
εsf ||
‖ ‖ ||
| |
‖ else if |εsf | ≤ εsu ||
‖ ‖ ||εsf|| ⎛ ((fu - fy)) ⎞ | |
‖ ‖ ――⋅ ⎜fy + ((||εsf|| - εsh)) ⋅ ―――⎟ | |
‖ ‖‖ εsf ⎝ εsu - εsh ⎠ | |
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖‖ ‖ 0 Es | ||

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
-0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 σs ((εsf)) ((MPa ))
-100

-200

-300

-400

-500

-600

εsf

Y Coordinates of rebars
 Y Coordinates of rebars
⎛ nside ⎞ |
coorY ≔ for i ∊ 0 ‥ ⎜――+ 2⎟ - 1 |
⎝ 2 ⎠ |
‖ nside |
‖ coorY ← cover + ――⋅ sside ⋅ i |
‖ i 2 |
‖ coorY |
‖

⎡ 30 ⎤
coorY = ⎢ 250 ⎥ mm
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 470 ⎦

a ) first cracking point(prior to cracking and after cracking)

prior to cracking:
Es
n ≔ ―― = 6.061
Ec
2
BY
AC ⋅ ―― + ((n - 1)) ⋅ ∑ As ⋅ ⎛coorY ⎞
2 i=0
i ⎝ i⎠
yc ≔ ――――――――――― 2
= 250 mm ccr1 ≔ yc = 250 mm
AC + ((n - 1)) ⋅ ∑ As
i
i=0

2
1 ⎛ BY ⎞2
Iut ≔ ― ⋅ BX ⋅ BY 3 + AC ⋅ ⎜―― - yc⎟ + ((n - 1)) ⋅ ∑ As ⋅ ⎛yc - ⎛BY - coorY ⎞⎞ 2
12 ⎝ 2 ⎠ i=0
i ⎝ ⎝ i⎠⎠

Iut = ⎛⎝5.989 ⋅ 10 9 ⎞⎠ mm 4
‾‾‾‾‾
fck fcr ⋅ Iut
fcr ≔ 0.63 MPa ⋅ ――= 3.451 MPa Mcr ≔ ――― = 82.658 kN ⋅ m
MPa ccr1

Mcr 1
ϕcr1 ≔ ――― = ⎛⎝4.183 ⋅ 10 -7⎞⎠ ――
Ec ⋅ Iut mm

After cracking:
By trial-error

ccr2 ≔ 117 mm
2
ccr2 2
BX ⋅ ――- n ⋅ ∑ As ⋅ ⎛coorY - ccr2⎞ = 0 m 3
2 i=0
i ⎝ i ⎠

2
BX ⋅ ccr2 3 Ict
Ict ≔ ―――― + n ⋅ ∑ As ⋅ ⎛coorY - ccr2⎞ 2 = ⎛⎝1.657 ⋅ 10 9 ⎞⎠ mm 4―― = 0.277
3 i=0
i ⎝ i ⎠ Iut

Mcr 1
ϕcr2 ≔ ――― = ⎛⎝1.512 ⋅ 10 -6⎞⎠ ――
Ec ⋅ Ict mm
b ) first yielding
 Mcr 1
ϕcr2 ≔ ――― = ⎛⎝1.512 ⋅ 10 -6⎞⎠ ――
Ec ⋅ Ict mm
b ) first yielding
By trial-error

cy ≔ 123 mm
εy 1
ϕy ≔ ――――= ⎛⎝6.052 ⋅ 10 -6⎞⎠ ―― εctop ≔ cy ⋅ ϕy = 7.444 ⋅ 10 -4
coorY - cy mm
2

2
Fs ≔ ∑ As ⋅ σs ⎛ϕy ⋅ ⎛coorY - cy⎞⎞ = 653 kN
i=0
i ⎝ ⎝ i ⎠⎠

⎛ εctop 1 ⎛ εctop ⎞ 2 ⎞
Fc ≔ BX ⋅ fck ⋅ cy ⋅ ⎜――- ―⋅ ⎜――⎟ ⎟ = 652 kN Fc - Fs = -0.629 kN
⎝ εco 3 ⎝ εco ⎠ ⎠

εctop
――= 0.409 OK
εco
centroid of the stress block
2 εctop εctop 2
―⋅ ――- ―――
3 εco 4 εco 2
yc ≔ ――――――― ⋅ cy = 80.38 mm
εctop εctop 2
――- ―――
εco 3 ⋅ εco 2
2
My ≔ ∑ As ⋅ σs ⎛ϕy ⋅ ⎛coorY - cy⎞⎞ ⋅ ⎛coorY - cy + yc⎞ = 322.017 kN ⋅ m
i=0
i ⎝ ⎝ i ⎠⎠ ⎝ i ⎠

c : ectop=ecu=0.0035 εcu = 0.0035

By trial-error

cu ≔ 57.8 mm
εcu ⎛ 1
ϕu ≔ ―― = ⎝6.055 ⋅ 10 -5⎞⎠ ――
cu mm
2
Fs ≔ ∑ As ⋅ σs ⎛ϕu ⋅ ⎛coorY - cu⎞⎞ = 691 kN
i=0
i ⎝ ⎝ i ⎠⎠

2 ((fck + 0.85 ⋅ fck))

Fc ≔ 0.5 ⋅ cu ⋅ ―⋅ fck ⋅ BX + 0.5 ⋅ cu ⋅ BX ⋅ ―――――― = 690 kN
3 2

Fc - Fs = -0.915 kN
2
Mu ≔ ∑ As ⋅ σs ⎛ϕu ⋅ ⎛coorY - cu⎞⎞ ⋅ ⎛coorY - 0.5 cu ⋅ 0.51⎞ ↲ = 455.123 kN ⋅ m
i=0
i ⎝ ⎝ i ⎠⎠ ⎝ i ⎠
2 ⎛ 3 ⎞
+ 0.5 ⋅ cu ⋅ ―⋅ fck ⋅ BX ⋅ ⎜0.5 ⋅ cu ⋅ ―+ 0.49 ⋅ cu ⋅ 0.5⎟
3 ⎝ 8 ⎠
 ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ ϕcr1 ⎥ ⎢ 0.418 ⎥ ⎢ Mcr ⎥ ⎢ 82.658 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ 1 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
ϕ ≔ ⎢ ϕcr2 ⎥ = ⎢ 1.512 ⎥ ―― M ≔ ⎢ Mcr ⎥ = ⎢ 82.658 ⎥ kN ⋅ m
km
⎢ ϕy ⎥ ⎢ 6.052 ⎥ ⎢ My ⎥ ⎢ 322.017 ⎥
⎢⎣ ϕu ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 60.554 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ Mu ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 455.123 ⎥⎦

495

450

405

360

315

270

M ((kN ⋅ m))
225

180

135

90

45

0
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66

⎛ 1 ⎞
ϕ ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ km ⎠