ArchitecturalThesisReport Cruiseterminal09 05

SJB SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
(Affiliated to Vishvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, Karnataka)

BGS Health & Education City, Dr. Vishnuvardhana Road, Kengeri
Bengaluru - 560060
Project name:
THE PORT OF CALL, A HERITAGE SPRAWL - A cruise terminal connecting

a historic district to modern transit solutions
A Thesis Project Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the award of the degree of Bachelor of Architecture by
Vishvesvaraya Technological University - Belgaum
Submitted by:
BHAVESH M.B. - 1JA18AT008
10Th Semester, B. ARCH
Submitted on:
15-05-2023
Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

SJB SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
BGS Health & Education City, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road,
Kengeri Bengaluru - 560060
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled "CRUISE TERMINAL – ‘The Port of call, A Heritage
Sprawl’ is a bonafide work done by BHAVESH M.B, 1JA18AT008 in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE of Vishveswaraya Technological University, Belgaum, during
the year 2022-2023.
THESIS COORDINATORS: DEAN:
Prof. SHILPA MADANGOPAL Prof. Dr. M N CHANDRASHEKAR

B. Arch, M. Arch (UD), B Arch, MURP, MS (NYU), PhD
SJBSAP SJBSAP
Sign: Seal and Sign:
Assoc. Prof. PRAVEEN DONGARE

B. Arch, M. Arch (HD)
SJBSAP
Sign:
GUIDE: EXTERNAL INTERNAL

Assistant Prof. SUJAY KUNCHAM EXAMINERS: EXAMINERS:
B. Arch, M. Arch (Urban Building Design)
1) 1)
SJBSAP
Sign-
2) 2)
Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

DECLARATION
I, BHAVESH M.B, am a student registered for the course Bachelor of Architecture, Batch
(2018-2023) in SJB School of Architecture and Planning recognized by the Council of
Architecture (COA) and affiliated with VTU.
I hereby make the following declarations:
I am aware that infringement of copyright is an offense. I pledge that the work submitted for
the thesis is individualistic, where I have mentioned explicitly otherwise. I have followed the
Required conventions in referencing the ideas and thoughts of others.
I understand that the University may take disciplinary action against me if there is any
uncertainty about the originality of my work or if I have failed to acknowledge the source of
extracted ideas and words.
This document is submitted as a partial fulfillment in the academic year 2022-2023 for the
degree Bachelor of Architecture at SJB School of Architecture and Planning, VTU, Karnataka,
India.
(Bhavesh M.B – 1JA18AT008)
Signature of the student.
3|Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“It is with great pleasure that I extend my heartfelt appreciation to everyone who has
contributed to the successful completion of this thesis report. I am grateful to the faculty
members of the Architecture Department at ‘SJB School of Architecture & Planning’ and
Dean – ‘Prof. Dr. M N CHANDRASHEKAR’ who have provided me with an exceptional
academic environment that has enabled me to pursue my thesis topic and passion for the
subject.
I would first like to extend my heartfelt thanks to my thesis coordinators, ‘Prof. PRAVEEN
DONGARE’, ‘Prof. SHILPA MADANGOPAL’, whose unwavering support, invaluable guidance,
and exceptional expertise were crucial to the successful completion of this thesis project.
Their mentorship, encouragement, and constructive feedback have ensured I completed all
the requirements intended in this timeline.
I would like to thank the members of the thesis committee and my mentor- ‘Prof. Sujay
Kuncham’, who dedicated their time, knowledge, and expertise to reviewing and evaluating
this thesis project. Their critical feedback, thoughtful suggestions, and constructive criticism
were instrumental in shaping the final outcome of this research.
Thank you for your support, encouragement, and guidance throughout the entire process,
from its inception to the end.
I extend my sincere appreciation to the professionals who have contributed to this research
Including architects, contractors, builders, and designers, whose expertise and input were
valuable assets to the successful completion of this thesis project. Their insights, feedback,
and support have contributed significantly to the depth and quality of this research.
Finally, I would like to express my special gratitude to the professionals of the

‘Mumbai Port Authority (MBPT)’ who granted me with permissions to access the port area
and the existing terminal spaces and all the external resources and organizations, that have
provided me with the necessary materials and resources to complete this research,
including the SJB School of Architecture & Planning library, online databases, and other
research resources.”
--
Bhavesh M.B

TABLE OF CONTENT
1.1 Synopsis
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background – Problem statement

1.2 Objective – Sub-objectives (If any)
1.3 Methodology
1.4 Scope and Limitations
1.5 Rationale and Justification
1.6 Outcome
CHAPTER 2 - CASE STUDIES
1. Mumbai International Cruise Terminal, India
2.1 General information

2.2 Selection criteria
2.3 Aim of study (the reason for selecting a particular study)
2.4 Site and Context (maps, satellite images, pics, etc.)
2.5 Master Plan/Parking/Utilities
2.6 Area Distribution:
I. Built to open at the site level (in percentages)
II. Different functional space distribution at the building level (in percentages)
2.7 Response to the Site Conditions /Climatic Response
2.8 Zoning/Functional/Proximity of the Zones
2.9 Plans/Elevations/Sections/Views (Line Sketches /Detail)
2.10 Architectural Features/Technology/Services: Planning, Form, And Massing,
Materials Used, Architectural Character
2.11 Critical Analysis /Comparison with the Standards
2.12 Inferences and Conclusions
CHAPTER 3 - LITERATURE STUDIES
1. Kai Tak International Cruise Terminal, Hong Kong
3.1.1 General information

3.1.2 Selection criteria
3.1.3 Aim of study (the reason for selecting a particular study)
3.1.4 Site and Context (maps, satellite images, pics, etc.)
3.1.5 Master Plan/Parking/Utilities

3.1.6 Area Distribution:
3.1.7 Response to the Site Conditions /Climatic Response
3.1.8 Zoning/Functional/Proximity of the Zones
3.1.9 Plans/Elevations/Sections/Views (Line Sketches /Detail)
3.1.10 Architectural Features/Technology/Services: Planning, Form, And Massing,
3.1.11 Critical Analysis /Comparison with the Standards
3.1.12 Inferences and Conclusions
2. YOKOHAMA INTERNATIONAL CRUISE TERMINAL, JAPAN

3.2.3 Aim of study (the reason for selecting a particular study)
CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH

4.1. Special & ancillary Topics
4.2. Methods of connecting/ Achieving the intangible cultural heritage.
4.3. Understanding the Cultural Context, Heritage and the Origins of the place
CHAPTER 5 - SITE SELECTION AND SITE ANALYSIS

5.1. Site location and Site Surroundings
5.2. Site Selection Criteria
5.3. Site Analysis (Location, access, Natural & man-made features, traffic and transportation,
climatology, morphology, context, surrounding study, Views & Vistas, Context Model & Site
Model, etc.)
5.4. User analysis/ Domain.
5.5. Spatial analysis
5.6 Bye-law and Regulations

CHAPTER 6 - DESIGN PROGRAMME
6.1 Development of Design Program
6.1.1 – User Standards
6.1.2 – Terminal Standards
6.2 Area Statement
6.3 Total Site area, built-up area arrived and permitted buildable area as per provisions
6.4 Proximity chart- at site level and individual blocks/spaces level
6.5 ‘Activity Vs Time’ mapping- at site level.
CHAPTER 7 - CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

7.1. Response towards Special topics
7.2. Response towards Materiality
7.3. Response towards Climatology
7.4. Response towards Site & Context
7.5. Volumetric Analysis
7.5.1. Shape & Volume Analysis
7.5.2. Form & Massing
7.5.1 Circulation Analysis
7.6. Concept models/ Sketch Scheme / Design Rationales
7.7. Zoning
CHAPTER 8 - ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT

8.1 Design Development Process
8.2 Master Planning Process and Development
8.3 Detailed Design Process and Development
8.4 Proposed Master Plan & Site sections
8.5 Proposed Detailed Design (Floor Plans, Elevations, Sections, Views, Architectural Details)
8.6 Various Iterations - Block Models and Detailed Models
CHAPTER 9 - PRE-THESIS DOCUMENTATION

9.1 Pre-Thesis Poster
9.2 Synopsis
9.3 Location
9.4 Base map
9.5 Study area / Location Introduction
9.6 Surrounding Context
9.7 Site Plan/ Site introduction
9.8 Case Study

1.1 SYNOPSIS

BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ARCHITECTURE
A CONTEMPORARY APPROACH IN CAPTURING THE ESSENCE OF THE PLACE THROUGH THE
NEWER ARCHITECTURE
(Source: Author)

‘THE ARIVING VOYAGER’
“The port of call, a heritage sprawl….

Scrambling into heritage blocks, the sail dropped amidst the rising tide, As the
ship anchored along the rising tide, a grandeur gangway descended into the
land unexplored.
Along the rising tide, thus rose a passion for travel and exploration. Along the
rising tide, returned the explorer embarking on the unfinished journey of the
world.”
10 | A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n T h e s i s | I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r u i s e T e r m i n a l
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background – Problem statement
The International cruise terminal at Mumbai is an existing cruise terminal with a lack of
facilities to accommodate large numbers of passengers and ground staff allowing more than
a single cruise docking at the same time.
A live proposal by the Mumba port authority to expand the facility for future needs is in
progress, creating an opportunity for better solutions meeting international standards.
1.2 Objective – Sub-objectives
PROJECT BRIEF -
"Bridging the gap between cultural heritage and contemporary architecture" Is about
connecting the heritage of the precinct and focusing on methods to achieve the intangible
connection as a design center, as capturing the essence of the heritage in the newer design
poses a major challenge. This is something to investigate to cater to the place's importance
and conserve the region's natural landscape and marine life.
As far as the design is concerned it is a 'cruise terminal’.
Project typology - industrial infrastructure – transportation

Project location - Maharashtra, Mumbai, Fort, Ballard pier, (landmark - Ballard estate)
MINIMUM BUILT-UP AREA EXPECTED - 5 acres.

MINIMUM SITE AREA EXPECTED - 13 acres.
OBJECTIVES –
Identifying the key elements of the place – (the character of the existing site surroundings,
the origins of the district, Tangible vs intangible essence)
1 Reaching out to the roots of the location to re-create the lost essence, restoring its
character in a modern approach.
2 Surveying the quantities, characteristics, and features, of the existing site and
surrounding context.
3 Re-imagining the place in the form of a conceptual abstract thought.
STATEMENT –
‘A Design that brings people closer by “Bridging the gap” between the cultural heritage and
the newer architecture of the place.’
AIM -
To achieve the perfect balance between the existing historic character of the place and the
modern contemporary design solutions.
To extend and capture the place's essence through the design's spatial character.
1.3 Methodology
(Source: Author)
1.4 Scope and Limitations
SCOPE -
• The main aim led to the re-developing and expansion of the existing main facility.
• Re-creating the existing cruise terminal captures the essence of the place and
creates a space connecting the people to the place.
• Scope for public interactive spaces, and functions that regenerate the existing life of
the port area.
• Scope for waterfront development, linking the common masses into an inclusive
space.
LIMITATIONS –
• Creating an extension of the port in consideration of the heritage laws and coastal
regulations along the existing sire area.
• The large amounts of floating population and leading numbers in water traffic
(docking spaces), lead to a challenge in managing the space.
• Space used in limited months of the year. To create spaces that engage its users
throughout the year.
• Lack of modernized technology and services tackled by introducing automated
systems and newer technology.
1.5 Rationale and Justification
• Creating a dialogue between old and new: One of the most effective ways to create
an intangible connection is to create a dialogue between the old and new. This can
be done by highlighting the contrast between the original architecture and the
modern additions, creating a sense of continuity and evolution.
• Enhancing public spaces: Finally, enhancing public spaces around historic

architecture can create an intangible connection by providing visitors with a modern
and welcoming environment. This can be done by installing public art, creating green
spaces, and designing outdoor seating areas that are accessible and inclusive.
1.6 Outcome
The FOCUS is mainly on understanding the culture and heritage of BALLARD ESTATE -
• The origins of the city developed around the Fort region of the city, along with the
initiation of trade. The FUNDAMENTAL is to identify/Define the method to connect
the architecture to the heritage precinct.
(IDENTIFYING THE KEY ELEMENT OF CONNECTION BETWEEN THE EXISTING

HISTORIC ELEMENTS TO CONTEMPORARY, MODERN DESIGN PRINCIPLES)
RESEARCH/SPECIAL TOPIC –
The special topic of research will be– the ‘INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE’ –
on How? To Re-create, extend, and UNDERSTAND THE INTANGIBLE ASPECTS of space.
• INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE –

The heritage of the place is more than monuments/buildings, it is a form of
representation of the non–physical elements, including traditions, preserved styles,
and other tangible aspects.
• Forms of heritage whose essence cannot be stored in a physical form/touched.
Safeguarding the INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE (ICH) as a special topic and field
of research understanding the intangible culture and history.
• (UNESCO recognizes a set of 94 buildings in Victorian and art-deco styles as a
heritage site in Mumbai)
Utilizing tourism as a major source of activity to support the historic district and preserve
the existing intangible heritage and its culture.
CHAPTER-2
CASE STUDIES
MUMBAI INTERNATIONAL CRUISE
TERMINAL, MAHARASTRA, INDIA.
2.2 Selection criteria
SITE AND SURROUNDINGS-
• Mumbai port has long been the

principal gateway to India and has
played a pivotal role in the
development of the national
economy, trade and commerce, and
prosperity of Mumbai city.
2.1 General information • The port has achieved this position
through continuous endeavors to
Built-in Year - 2000 serve the changing needs of maritime
BUILT-UP AREA – 5000 sqm- 1.25 acres trade.
SITE AREA – 10.5 acres
CONTEXT – INFERENCE
The terminal for the reception of
passengers and holding customs/ • The Cruise terminal on the pier is
immigration formalities was previously a surrounded by continuous access
cargo warehouse that has been converted roads 10-20m wide, with a central
into large airconditioned passenger connecting route to the berthing level.
spaces. Spread over an area of 6,000 • The Mumbai International Cruise
square meters. terminal provides maximum facilities
compared to other cruise terminals in
EXISTING FACILITY – the country.
Existing facility located in the BALLARD PIER, • Due to the lack of basic luxury
BALLARD ESTATE, amenities in the existing terminal
Under the Mumbai port authority. which serves limited capacity spaces,
needs an expanded facility with
• Cruise vessels in 2014- 15 modernized facilities and technology.
• Passengers handled in 2014 - Luxury lounges/ restaurants/ lodging
25,000 P. facilities will create an economic
• Cruise Berth LOA – 232 meters. revamp with a rise in tourism
• Draft – 10.00 meters. frequency.
Approach Channel - • To be able to cater to 2 cruise ships
• Length from the entrance – 600m. docked at the same time.
• Depth – 7.6 meters. • To create a platform of public
• Width – 350 meters. engagement and revenue-generating
• Turning circle – 500 meters. functions.
• Mean high water – 4.4 / 3.3
meters.
• Mean low water – 1.8 / 0.7 meters.
2.3 Aim of study (the reason for selecting a particular study).
The primary intent of the visit to the site was to understand the functionality of the terminal
and core services involved along with the documentation of the site and surroundings for a
better understanding of the needs/ scope/ limitations of the land.
2.4 Site and Context (maps, satellite images, pics, etc.)
Cruise Terminal building and surroundings.

(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
Site Context – Ballard Pier-
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
Site Surroundings and Street Contest
(Source: Author) (Source: Author)
(Source: https://www.studiopka.com/architecture/theestate/)
(Source: https://www.studiopka.com/architecture/theestate/) (Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
2.5 Master Plan/Parking/Utilities -
(Source: Author)
2.6 Area Distribution:
Built to open at the site level (in percentages)
The F.A.R. (Floor Area Ratio) for the building on Ballard Pier, Mumbai Port, is 0.4. (The
total floor area of a building on the pier should not exceed four times the area of the plot)
Built-up Percentage ≈ 35 %
• Existing area of the terminal –

10% of site area (under construction and expansion),
- 2,580 Sq/m (or) 0.7 acres
• Area Segregation on site - 30 % segregated space for the existing cruise terminal
Parking – 5% no-designated parking spaces
Commercial vessels temporary docking – 30%
(Indira dock – Lock gate - Shared area by commercial vessels and commute boats)
(Source: Author)
2.7 Response to the Site Conditions /Climatic Response
(Source: Author)
Site topography – Ballard pier
• Ballard Pier is a man-made structure

constructed on reclaimed ground that is a part
of Mumbai's eastern coastline. The area's
geography is flat and consistent, with the pier
rising only slightly above sea level.
• The Arabian Sea-facing pier is a steel and

concrete construction that serves primarily as a
shipping/Cruise terminal.
• Ballard Pier is an important component of

Mumbai's metropolitan layout, and the city's
economy greatly depends on its infrastructure.
The pier is a recognizable part of Mumbai's
eastern shoreline thanks to its flat topography
and steel and concrete constructions.
The pier situated as an extension to the Indira Dock/ Indira lock gate. (Source: Author)
• Existing Cruise Berth –

Cruise vessels are presently berthed at the Ballard Pier Extension berth, which is a
multi-purpose berth for accommodating large larger, beamier, over-dimensional and
cruise vessels.
It lies near Green Gate at Ballard Estate of Indira Dock, presently inside the customs
notified area of the port, where restricted entry and exit creates a barrier for the
free flow of passengers necessary for a cruise terminal.
2.8 Zoning/Functional/Proximity of the Zones
• Baggage Loading zone:

Baggage loading is one of the main services offered at an international cruise
terminal. Before boarding and after disembarkation, the luggage of the passengers
must be loaded onboard the ship. It's crucial to have a well-organized system for
loading baggage, including appropriate luggage handling and storage, as well as
enough personnel and equipment to handle the volume of luggage.
(Source: Author)
• Service Vehicle Movement:

Movement of Service Vehicles: The movement of service vehicles is a crucial
component of services at a cruise terminal structure. These consist of equipment
and vehicles for moving luggage, food and drink supplies, as well as other supplies
and equipment. In order to reduce congestion and guarantee the safety of both
personnel and passengers, service vehicle routes and loading spaces must be
carefully designed and well signposted.
• Waste Management:
Given the high volume of passengers and crew members on board the ship, efficient
waste management is essential in a cruise terminal building. Food trash, recyclables,
and hazardous garbage must all be collected, stored, and disposed of properly. The
importance of having an effective waste management system, comprising
designated garbage disposal locations and recycling stations, as well as routine
cleaning and repair of the terminal and ship, cannot be overstated.
• Passenger Services:
An international cruise terminal should also provide a range of passenger services to
ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience for passengers. These may include
amenities such as restrooms, showers, charging stations, Wi-Fi, and seating areas.
Additionally, the terminal should have clear signage and information displays to help
passengers navigate the terminal and find the services they need.
2.9 Plans/Elevations/Sections/Views (Line Sketches /Detail)
(Source: Issuu.com)
(Source: Issuu.com)
2.10 Architectural Features/Technology/Services: Planning, Form, And Massing,

Investigating the site, pier structure and water levels – to understand the berthing process.
(Source: Author)
2.11 Critical Analysis /Comparison with the Standards
EXISTING PROGRAM • Cargo storage

• Red Channel Screening • Server rooms
• Green Channel Screening • Control tower, CCTV room,
• Passenger screening booths • Traffic monitoring
/ Frisking booths • Immigration and Check-in
• Duty-free stores • Admin spaces
• Customs room- Strong room, • Washrooms – Public / private
• Baggage check-in • Cruise cell, Cruise cell MBPL.
• VIP lounge, Regular lounge • OBL, Carrier, goods storage
Required international standards of a terminal building -
1. Passenger check-in and immigration services: This includes the processing of arrivals,
departures, and transfers of passengers, and the inspection of passports and visas.
2. Baggage handling and storage: This includes scanning and tracking luggage and
providing storage facilities for passengers.
3. Security services: This includes the deployment of security personnel and technology
to ensure the safety of passengers and crew.
4. Ship loading and unloading: This includes the transfer of passengers, baggage,
freight, and supplies onto and off the cruise ship
5. Maintenance and repair services: This includes the provision of maintenance and
repair personnel, tools, and equipment to repair and maintain the cruise ship.
6. Provisioning services: This includes the acquisition of food, beverages, and other
supplies to stock the cruise ship.
7. Waste management services: This includes collecting and disposing of waste from
the cruise ship.
8. Hospitality services: This includes the provision of services such as restaurants, bars,
shops, and entertainment for passengers.
9. Customs and immigration clearance services include processing customs declarations
for foreign travelers and providing immigration clearance for foreign nationals
entering or leaving the country. processing customs declarations for foreign
travelers.
2.12 Inferences and Conclusions-
• Series of interconnected functions, interdependent – such as immigration and

customs screening of passengers.
• Zoning and proximity of particular functions and the security requirements.
• Docking process and functionality-
- Ship berthing procedure
- Loading and unloading
- Passenger boarding and passenger deboarding and gangway setup
(Warf- management/apron)
CHAPTER-3
LITERATURE CASE STUDIES
Kai Tak Cruise Terminal – Hong The LINEAR DIVISION of Spatial arrangement
is an emphasis on the design.
Kong, China
• Distance from the cruise terminal to Kai
Built-in Year - 2014 Tak airport is 1.8 km.
• Distance from the cruise terminal to the
3.1.1 General information bus terminal takes 8.8 km
Private Car Parking:

114 hourly parking spaces are available
during the opening hours of the car park from
07:00-23:00 daily.
All major metro areas within 10 km,
• 42 km (25 mi) by road to Hong Kong

International Airport.
• 10 km by road to Kowloon Station
Airport Express Line and airline check-
in 5 km.
Architects – Foster + Partners 3.1.2 Selection criteria
(With about 5,600 m2 (60,000 sq ft) of DESIGN OF TERMINAL BUILDING

commercial area) Private Car Parking: 114
hourly parking spaces. • The terminal has a rectangular
footprint and is arranged over three
• TERMINAL AREA: 32,000 sq m main levels, ensured by a lattice of
• LANDSCAPE AREA: 23,000 sq m large white fins that allow daylight to
• COMMERCIAL AREA: 5,600 sq m filter through the passenger waiting
• TOTAL BUILT-UP AREA: 40,600 sq m spaces.
• FAR: 0.53 • The sustainable design also combines
several energy-saving measures, as
The terminal currently can disembark a total well as generating power from
of 8,400 (peak design load) or 5400 (base renewable sources and making use of
design load) passengers and 1,200 crew and recycled rainwater for cooling.
its design also anticipates the demands of a • Services are integrated with the
new generation of larger cruise liners structure and the different levels are
currently being designed. fused with the surrounding pedestrian
walkways.
• A pedestrian route starting from the
waterfront promenade progresses up
through the building and opens onto a
large public roof garden, with open
and sheltered spaces for informal
picnics and outdoor dining, set against
the stunning backdrop of the city.
(Source: Author)
3.1.3 Aim of study (the reason for selecting a particular study).
The primary intent of the visit to the site was to understand the functionality of the terminal
and core services involved along with the documentation of the site and surroundings for a
better understanding of the needs/ scope/ limitations of the land.
SITE VIEW – SATELITE

Rooftop accessway – Landscaped gardens (Source: Google Earth)
(Source: Google Earth)
(Source: Foster+ Partners)

Built to open at the site level (in percentages)
• Floor area - 184,000 Sq./m in ratio with the functional spaces versus commercial
areas inside the cruise terminal building with area of 5,600 Sq./m (or) 60,000 Sq. ft
for retail facilities.
Built-up Percentage = (Total Built-up Area / Total Site Area) x 100

Built-up Percentage = (76,000 sqm / 290,000 sqm) x 100
Built-up Percentage ≈ 26.21%
Private Car Parking: 114 hourly parking spaces are available during the opening hours of the
car park.
• Energy-efficient design:
The terminal's design incorporates several energy-efficient features, including a
green roof and solar panels that help reduce energy consumption and minimize the
building's carbon footprint.
The terminal building features a green roof that is covered with vegetation and serves as
insulation and a means of heat absorption. The green roof also helps to improve the overall
air quality and lessen runoff of precipitation.
Solar panels: The terminal building's roof is covered with a number of solar panels that
provide clean energy and lessen the building's reliance on the grid. The solar panels
contribute to the terminal's overall sustainability by lowering its carbon footprint.3.8
Zoning/Functional/Proximity of the Zones
The terminal building has Low-E glass installed on its windows, which helps to reduce the
amount of heat transfer and improve the building's energy efficiency.
Analyzing the Public, semi-Public Spaces that enable the terminal to function as a large-scale
Cruising destination are based on floor categories – and efficient segregation.
• GROUND FLOOR -- ARRIVAL PLAZA -

inviting visitors into the public areas of the cruise terminal building through
connection to the broader KAI TAK waterfront promenade.
• 1F – FIRST FLOOR - ARRIVAL FLOOR -

the tree-lined arrival Allee with seating along leads visitors further into the building
on the arrival floor.
• 2F – SECOND FLOOR - NORTH TERRACE
a terrace with uninterrupted views of HONGKONG is offered, along with plenty of
seating areas framed by colorful and diverse low shrub planting.
• ROOF FLOOR - VIEWING LAWN -

Through the terminal, a pedestrian promenade ascends and leads to a sizable open
roof garden. The rooftop is a gorgeously landscaped garden perfect for capturing
pictures in front of the bay.
(Source: https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/en/parks/ktctp/layout.html)
Multiple zones classified into functions, segregated per floor that is suitable to cater
to a large number of passengers/tourists. Or general public that access the terminal
and the site.
The Green roof creating a massive public attraction draws a lot of users into the
building offering leisure amenities and cafeterias on the oceanfront.
Ground Floor Program –

• Arrival plaza connection to the broader Kai Tak waterfront promenade inviting visitors into
the public spaces of the cruise terminal building.
• Parking facilities with a Drive-through drop-off point for the passengers.

First Floor Program –
• The arrival platform to the tree-lined arrival aisle with seating alone leads visitors further
into the building.
• Core functionalities – immigration, baggage screening, passenger screening, services, core
security, arrivals, departures
(Source: https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/en/parks/ktctp/layout.html)
Roof Floor Program –

• Viewing lawn space for viewing and art events.
• North terrace with unobstructed views to Kowloon, provided with plenty of seating areas
framed by diverse and colorful low shrub planting.
• The terminal building is 65m wide and • Terminal Sectional view

the apron is 35m wide
accommodating the 2 largest vessels
at one time.  Four atria and six large
skylights draw natural light to the
building  Curved building façades
with low double glazing are triangular.
• The mezzanine floor is above the
ground floor.
• Parking is provided for 80-90 cars on
this floor.
• Provision of 10 A.H.U rooms • 4
atriums provided for natural
ventilation.
• The spacious interior spans over 42 meters and the waiting areas can be converted into a
venue for performances, events, and exhibitions, supported by a variety of restaurants and
shops. The terminal can berth two large 360-meter-long vessels, each with more than 4,000
passengers and 2,000 numbers of crew, as well as anticipating the demands of a next
generation of larger ships.
• The terminal can berth two large 360-meter-long vessels, each with more than 4,000
passengers and 2,000 numbers of crew, as well as anticipate the demands of the next
generation of larger ships.
• The terminal's accessibility is a major advantage, as it is well-connected to public

transportation and is easily accessible from the airport. This meets the industry
standard for convenient access to the terminal for passengers.
• Its location can also be a disadvantage, as it is located in an area with limited space,
which can lead to congestion during peak periods.
• Lack of protection from the sun and rain can be a serious problem, especially in bad
weather. Furthermore, the terminal's layout might not be as effective as it could be,
and a more straightforward passenger movement through the building should be
enhanced.
• The design is flexible,

incorporating spaces that are suitable for alternative functions and enabling the building to
be used all year round, fully utilizing ‘downtime’.
• The linear design creates a series of linear pockets of spaces divided into equal parts
Space utilization:
The Kai Tak Cruise Terminal's architecture provides for optimal space utilization despite its
location in a constrained area.
The sky bridge architecture of the terminal, for instance, enables the creation of a sizable
outdoor plaza that can be used for activities and events while simultaneously offering a
covered area for passengers to enter and depart from their ships.
• The Kai Tak Cruise Terminal's distinctive design aids in setting it apart from other cruise
terminals in the area and developing a favorable brand identification for the building. This
may aid in bringing in more travelers and enhancing the terminal's general reputation.
• Creates a sense of direction, reflecting the pier and the berthing edge of the coast.
The terminal creates a platform of public engaging spaces and alternative forms of economy.
Connecting the public to recreational spaces.
• Meeting the demands of cruise passengers, Kai Tak Cruise Terminal offers a variety of
amenities and services, such as luggage storage, immigration and customs services, as well
as a variety of shopping and dining alternatives.
The terminal can accommodate a huge number of passengers and is furnished with
contemporary conveniences including free Wi-Fi.
Which make crucial facilities to take into consideration to create a terminal that matches
international standards.
• The distinctive "sky bridge" and sizable outdoor plaza, the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal has a
distinctive design that pays homage to Hong Kong's cultural past. The absence of sun and
rain protection in the design, which can be an issue in bad weather, has drawn criticism.
• Quick access to buses and taxis, the Kai Tak Cruise Terminal is conveniently situated close to
the city's core. International passengers will find it simple to access because of its proximity
to Hong Kong International Airport.
YOKOHAMA INTERNATIONAL terminal has grown in popularity as a stop
CRUISE TERMINAL – JAPAN for tourists and cruise ships, and it has
contributed to the revitalization of
Built-in Year - 2002 Yokohama's waterfront.
3.2.3 Aim of study (the reason for

selecting a particular study)
Sustainability:
The Yokohama Cruise Terminal is
renowned for its eco-friendly features,
which include a green roof and the use of
wood from sustainable sources. The
impact of these features on the
environment, how the designers
incorporated sustainable elements into
the terminal, and the financial advantages
of sustainable design.
Total Built up area - (48,000 Sqm)
Architects – Foreign Office Architects
Innovative Strategies:
(FOA)
With a futuristic curved top and a
wooden interior, the Yokohama Cruise
The terminal was created as a public area
Terminal is renowned for its creative
and to blend with the city's harbor's
design. This article will examine the design
scenery. The circulation system is made
process, the difficulties encountered, and
up of a series of interlocking paths
the creative solutions employed.
instead of the specialized and isolated
routes typically found in terminals, which
Economic Impact:
prioritize passenger way-finding and
The Yokohama Cruise Terminal has had a
discourage or eliminate other options, in
significant economic impact on the
order to increase opportunities for
surrounding area, bringing in tourists and
exchanges between people and give them
generating revenue for local businesses.
options.
Keeping the terminal active throughout
the year in all seasons.
Technology:
The cruise terminal that is designed on a
The Yokohama Cruise Terminal combines
linear pier, enables a in depth
cutting-edge technology to speed up
understanding of how a terminal and core
check-in and improve the passenger
spaces function.
experience. Looking into how the
Dealing with a space restricted site
technology was created, how it has
structure to cater to berthing cruises and
increased the terminal's effectiveness,
deboarding passengers.
and the difficulties associated with
introducing new technology in a
An innovative cruise terminal with a
challenging setting.
design that takes sustainability, usability,
and accessibility into account. The
Site context and surroundings – Deep water port on the harbor hosting multiple terminals
and ferry ports.
(Source: https://www.archdaily.com/554132/ad-classics-
yokohama-international-passenger-terminal-foreign-office-
architects-foa )
• The building is organized into three vertical levels.
• Top a first-floor parking garage, a spacious middle floor contains the terminal’s
administrative and operational areas, including ticketing, customs, immigration,
restaurants, shopping, and waiting areas.
• The project's delicate connection with the urban waterfront may be its greatest
conceptual strength. The terminal perfectly blends with the nearby Yamashita and
Akaranega Parks to create a continuous, open-to-all urban park scape, with the
observation deck serving as a freely accessible public plaza.
• Its height is calculated to maintain visual continuity with the waterfront and to
permit unimpeded views of it from inland location.
The building footprint of the Yokohama Cruise Terminal is roughly 16,000 square meters
(172,222 square feet). Approximately 45,000 square meters (484,376 square feet) is the
size of the terminal's location. As a result, the terminal has a roughly 2.8:1 unbuilt-to-built
ratio.
The Yokohama Cruise Terminal occupies a building footprint that makes up around 35.56%
of the entire property.
This indicates that the waterfront area surrounding the structure, the center atrium, and
the rooftop observation deck together make up approximately 64.44% of the site's total
size.
The fact that the terminal takes up little over one-third of the site area demonstrates the
designers' commitment to achieving harmony between the building and its surroundings.
In addition to offering a warm public area for guests, the open space surrounding the
terminal also works to lessen the building's aesthetic impact on the shoreline.
Environmental conditions,
including its location on the waterfront, the climate of the surrounding area, and the need
to incorporate sustainable design principles. The terminal's design includes several features
that respond to these site conditions and provide a comfortable environment for passengers
and visitors.
One of the most notable climatic responses of the terminal is the use of a green roof. The
roof is covered in vegetation, which helps to reduce heat absorption and mitigate the
urban heat island effect.
The green roof also provides insulation, reducing the terminal's energy consumption for
heating and cooling. In addition, the green roof helps to manage stormwater runoff,
reducing the strain on the local sewer system.
Natural materials,
including wood and stone, also responds to the site's unique environmental conditions. The
warm, natural materials create a welcoming atmosphere while also providing thermal mass,
helping to regulate the building's temperature and reduce energy consumption.
User Flow diagram that creates a smooth flow for the passengers to go through the
functionalities, Entry to Boarding points, creating an experience along the way.
(Source: https://www.archdaily.com/554132/ad-classics-yokohama-international-passenger-terminal-
foreign-office-architects-foa )
architects-foa )
The steel beams that span the ceiling add a weighty feeling to the space that contrasts
sharply with the feel of the observation deck, which has the sensation of being made of a
light, flexible, and easily malleable plane.
Connecting the three levels is a series of gently sloping ramps, which the architects decided
were more effective than stairs at maintaining a continuous and multi-dimensional flow of
circulation.
(Source: https://www.archdaily.com/554132/ad-classics-yokohama-international-passenger-terminal-foreign-
office-architects-foa)
architects-foa )
architects-foa )
39 | A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i g n T h earchitects-foa )
sis | International Cruise Terminal
Throughout the project, a deliberate dynamism pervades the tectonic and material
languages of the building.
The abundance of non-orthogonal walls, floors, and ceilings creates a controlled sense of
vertigo that is accentuated by similarly off-kilter fixtures and details.
The effect is magnified by material cues, such as the shifting grains of the wooden planks on
the observation deck that indicate the locations of creases, and the minimalist grey metal
paneling that is revealingly worn by the structures under it.
An incredibly complex series of surfaces that gently curve and fold into a navigable,
inhabitable architectural topography. Atop the observation deck, the material fabric of the
floor rises and falls in wave-like oscillations to create pathways and apertures into the vast,
enclosed spaces below.
These changes in elevation—sometimes subtle, sometimes sharp—were the essence of the
novel architectural language invented for the project.
• A unique structural system made of folded steel plates and concrete girders supports
the building.
The strength of the materials minimizes the need for vertical supports and allows
for a mostly open floor plan,
while the height of the structure allows for a spectacular variety of ceiling conditions
in the interior spaces.
According to the architects, the structural scheme is especially adept at coping with
the lateral forces of seismic movements, a necessary precondition of buildings of its
size in Japan.
(Source: https://www.archdaily.com/554132/ad-classics-yokohama-international-passenger-terminal-
foreign-office-architects-foa )
Sustainable Design:
The terminal's sustainable design features, including the green roof and use of natural
materials, also align with international sustainability standards such as LEED (Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design) and BREEAM (Building Research Establishment
Environmental Assessment Method).
Buildings in Japan are required to satisfy certain standards for earthquake resistance
because the country is situated in a seismically active area. As is customary in Japan, the
Yokohama Cruise Terminal was built to withstand earthquakes measuring up to 7 on the
Richter scale.
Fire Safety: The terminal includes fire safety systems such as sprinklers and smoke
detectors, which meet or exceed Japanese building codes for fire safety.
Energy Efficiency: The terminal incorporates many energy-efficient design features,

including the use of a green roof, natural ventilation, and efficient lighting systems. These
features exceed the minimum requirements of Japanese building codes for energy
efficiency.
• Yokohama Cruise Terminal seems to put passengers' and visitors' requirements

first, emphasizing the creation of a cozy, welcoming environment that takes into
account the site's particular environmental circumstances. The terminal is an
example of a responsible and progressive approach to architecture and design
because it incorporates sustainable design ideas and complies with numerous
architectural norms and standards.
• The terminal's design also meets or exceeds many building codes and standards,
including those for earthquake resistance, accessibility, fire safety, and energy
efficiency. This suggests that the designers were conscious of the need to create a
safe and welcoming environment for passengers and visitors, while also adhering to
local regulations and codes.
• The layout of the terminal looks to have been carefully considered, with an emphasis
on providing a warm and inviting environment for travelers and guests. This is
demonstrated by characteristics like the utilization of organic materials, the
inclusion of common areas, and the provision of services like elevators and
accessible restrooms.
CHAPTER – 4
ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH
4.1. Special & ancillary Topics
RESEARCH/SPECIAL TOPIC –
The special topic of research will be– the ‘INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE’ –
on How? To Re-create, extend, and UNDERSTAND THE INTANGIBLE ASPECTS of the space.
INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE –
• The heritage of the place is more than monuments/buildings, it is a form of
representation of the non–physical elements, including traditions, preserved styles,
and other tangible aspects.
• Forms of heritage whose essence cannot be stored in a physical form/touched.
Safeguarding the Intangible cultural heritage (ich) as a special topic and field of
research understanding the intangible culture and history.
• (UNESCO recognizes a set of 94 buildings in Victorian and art-deco styles as a
heritage site in Mumbai)
• Utilizing tourism as a major source of activity to support the historic district and
preserve the existing intangible heritage and its culture.
4.2 Methods of connecting/ Achieving the intangible cultural heritage.
• Taking in the spatial characteristics of the architecture of the region such as -

Building heights, Building scale, Mass vs Void, Materiality and its response to the
climate, user connection to the positioning of the urban fabric.
Intangible factors such as the above that create a sense of existing connection
without any direct representation.
• Creating a dialogue between the old and the new:

Dialogue between the old and the new is one of the best methods to forge an
intangible link. A sense of continuity and evolution can be created by highlighting
the contrast between the original architecture and the contemporary additions.
• Enhancing public spaces:

Lastly, by giving tourists a contemporary and friendly setting, improving public areas
near ancient structures can forge an intangible connection. This can be achieved by
adding public art, developing green areas, and planning inclusive and accessible
outdoor seating areas.
• Utilizing sustainable materials:

Since sustainability is a crucial component of contemporary technology and design,
using sustainable materials in historic architecture can foster a sense of continuity
between the past and the present. Reclaimed wood, repurposed steel, and energy-
efficient insulation are a few materials that can be used to modernize a structure
while retaining its old-world charm.
• Incorporating contemporary design elements into traditional architecture is another

strategy for establishing an intangible connection. This can be done by adding
modern components that enhance the original architecture, such skylights, glass
walls, and steel buildings.
Integrating contemporary technology into historic architecture:

Integrating contemporary technology into the existing structure is one approach to
establish an intangible link between historic architecture and contemporary
technology. The building can be updated while retaining its historic charm by
integrating smart lighting systems, energy-efficient HVAC systems, and wireless
connectivity, for instance.
4.3 Understanding the Cultural Context, Heritage and the Origins of the place
(Source: https://mmrhcs.org.in/images/documents/projects/precinct-
studies/Study_of_Ballard_Pier_Precinct/Study_of_Ballard_Pier_Precin
45 | A r c h i t e c t u r a l D e s i gct_0iv8an.pdf)
n Thesis | International Cruise Terminal
Ballard Estate –
plays a very important role from town planning and urban design points of view as it was a
successful attempt to have a planned area responsive.
Understanding its core heritage in terms of its culture and architectural heritage, reaching out to its
origins as the first business district of the city of Mumbai, carefully planned as a historic
neighborhood.
Understanding the hidden essence to capture the intangible aspects in the newer design is the key
challenge in the project.
studies/Study_of_Ballard_Pier_Precinct/Study_of_Ballard_Pier_Precinct_0iv8an.pdf)
Research the history and context of the district:
Study the area's history and context to better grasp its cultural and architectural value.
Ballard Estate must be understood in the context of its historical era. Start by learning about
the history, evolution, and numerous cultural influences that have influenced the district.
Engage the community:

Talk to locals, proprietors of nearby businesses, and other interested parties to ascertain
their opinions on the district. Find out why they value it so highly and what they perceive to
be its core.
Observe the district:

Take a stroll through the area to get a sense of the district's physical features and
interactions with the surrounding urban fabric. Pay close attention to the ornamental
details, construction materials, and architectural styles that give the area its unique
personality.
The Intangible Factors-

Beyond the physical characteristics, take into account the intangible components that
constitute the character of the district. These could include the district's memories and
folklore, as well as the values, social mores, and cultural practices of the locals.
Analyze the architecture of the neighborhood:
Take a closer look at the buildings in the neighborhood to comprehend their architectural
characteristics and how they affect the neighborhood's overall character. To better
understand the district's architectural history, look at the decoration, building materials, and
architectural styles.
CHAPTER – 5
SITE SELECTION AND
SITE ANALYSIS
5.1. Site location and Site Surroundings
(Source: Author)
5.2. Site Selection Criteria
The Mumbai International Cruise Terminal, is an existing partially functioning Terminal

building located on the Ballard Pier, Ballard estate, Fort, Mumbai.
A government led Project proposal by MBPT- (Mumbai Port Authority) & SPA (Special
Planning Authority), is a live project proposal of a redeveloped ‘International cruise
terminal’ to international standards.
Site Location/ Selection –
Ballard pier being an existing berthing point for large commercial/ Tourism vessels, is the
existing site allotted to the International Cruise Terminal creates an opportunity to be
redeveloped to create better opportunities increasing the cruise tourism revenue with a
plan of creating a public domain platform accessible to the general public.
(Source: Author)
5.3. Site Analysis (Location, access, Natural & man-made features, traffic and
transportation, climatology, morphology, context, surrounding study, Views & Vistas,
Context Model & Site Model, etc.)
Existing Land use of the district. (Source: Author)
Ballard Estate is a commercial district located in the Fort area of Mumbai.

The total area of Ballard Estate is approximately 22 acres (0.089 square kilometers).
As per the latest available data, there are around 70 buildings in Ballard Estate.
Out of these 70 buildings, 55 buildings are classified as heritage structures by the Mumbai
Heritage Conservation Committee (MHCC).
The heritage buildings in Ballard Estate are primarily commercial structures, including
office buildings, banks, and warehouses.
• Some notable heritage buildings in Ballard Estate include the New India Assurance
Building, the Ballard Estate Café, and the Britannia & Co. Restaurant.
(Source: MBPT-Mumbai Port Trust)
• The primary land use in Ballard • Committee (MHCC). The MHCC

Estate is commercial, and the area regulates building height, façade
is designated as a Central Business design, and other aspects of
District (CBD). building design and construction in
the area.
• Residential development is not
permitted in Ballard Estate.
• The maximum permissible Floor

Space Index (FSI) for commercial
development in Ballard Estate is
5.0.
• The development of high-rise

buildings in Ballard Estate is
subject to certain restrictions and
guidelines, including setbacks,
open spaces, and environmental
clearances.
• As a heritage conservation area,

development in Ballard Estate is
subject to the regulations of the
Mumbai Heritage Conservation (Source: MBPT-Mumbai Port Trust)
Site and Surrounding Context, (Source: Author)
The Site sits in contrast to the heritage district backdrop along the port dockyard which is
also adjacent to the Naval Dock / base. The pier acts as a barrier to the navy premise and a
berthing point for vessels entering the Indira Dock.
Entry to the site is a common entry point “Green gate” for the Indira dockyard premises.
•
•
•
(Source: Author)
• During the monsoon season, the water level at the port of Mumbai rises by an
average of 1.5 to 2 meters. The port is protected by a strong network of jetties,
groynes, and breakwaters,
so it never floods. In order to minimize flooding during high tide, the port also
contains a series of tidal gates that may be closed. These tidal gates are situated
near the port's entrance.
• Stormwater drainage systems: Mumbai has a vast stormwater drainage system that
comprises both man-made underground and surface drains as well as naturally
occurring ones like rivers and creeks. An ongoing effort to enhance Mumbai's
stormwater drainage system and reduce flooding is the Brihanmumbai Stormwater
Disposal System (BRIMSTOWAD) project.
Wind movement
(Source: Author) affecting the coastal conditions around the pier with rise in sea levels and
precipitation levels. (Source: Climate Consultant)
Focusing on utilizing
the directional flow of
the wind in the design
to – utilize the
windward sides to
maintain free flow /
constant air intake
and circulation within
the closed terminal
building.
(Source- Metoblue.com)
User comfort - Naturally shaded spaces around the footprint of the building can create
cooler ground profiles for better user comfort.
(Source: Climate Consultant)

(Source: Author)
(Source: Climate Consultant- by Author)
5.4. User analysis/ Domain • Tourists visiting the colonial
district as a heritage site
attraction.
(Source: Author)
User footprints –
Analyzing the user categories based on
function and occupation / users based on
movement.
• Ballard Estate's users are
numerous and diversified, with a
wide range of occupations and life
experiences. Due to its economic
and historical significance, the
region is an integral element of
Mumbai's urban fabric and draws
a variety of people.
• Flow of users around Heritage
buildings/ cafes/ offices
5.5. Spatial analysis
(Source: Author)
Understanding the spatial character of the historic district is a key factor in the
documentation of the surrounding context of – people, occupations, activities, behavior etc.
A HERITAGE WALKWAY – Creating a heritage walk map for a user to experience the
architectural value the city has to offer, from the Terminal site around a 2km radius.
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
5.6 Bye-law and Regulations-
Taking into consideration of all the coastal regulations that affect the site parameters in
regard to construction and regulation of vessel activity along the coastline. –
1. No construction is permitted within a distance of 200 meters from the High Tide
Line.
2. No activity involving the use of natural resources such as sand and gravel is allowed
within 500 meters of the High Tide Line.
3. No activities that cause obstruction or disruption to the natural flow of water along
the coast are allowed.
4. Activities that cause pollution or destruction of any kind, including the dumping of
garbage, are prohibited.
5. Activities resulting in the destruction of coral reefs or other coastal habitats are not
allowed.
6. Fishing activities must be carried out in a sustainable manner, with no trawling or
use of destructive fishing methods.
7. Boats and other vessels must adhere to all applicable laws, including those related to
safe navigation and pollution control.
8. All activities must adhere to applicable laws and regulations regarding sewage
discharge, air pollution control, and other environmental protection measures.
9. Any activity that may result in the destruction or alteration of mangrove forests is
prohibited.
10. Any activity that may affect the local ecosystem or water quality is prohibited.
• The F.A.R (Floor Area Ratio) for the building on the Ballard Pier, Mumbai Port,
is 0.4. This means that the total floor area of a building on the pier should not
exceed four times the area of the plot on which it is constructed.
The government of Maharashtra in India has announced an increase in the Floor Space
Index (FSI) from 1.3 to 2 for residential and commercial buildings in Mumbai. This decision
was made in February 2021 and is expected to have a significant impact on the city's real
estate market.
FSI is a measure of the total area of a building that can be constructed on a given plot of
land. The increase in FSI means that builders and developers in Mumbai can now construct
taller and more densely packed buildings, which could help to address the city's growing
housing demand.
CONNECTING NODES –
Ballard estate’s Radial planning,

has distinctive nodes that add on
to the character of the buildings.
Corner Nodes that create concave
viewing angles.
Node Character, act like hot spots

that are collective meeting points
for people with activity zones.
Intersections-
Every intersection of the planned
district is planned with offsets that host a platform to street vendors and hawkers that add
on to the character of the space.
USER HOTSPOTS / COLLECTIVE JUNCTIONS –
Common points of transit – Taxi Stops/ Parking junctions

Spaces that act as resting points for drivers/ Commuters, vendors.
USER MOVEMENT & BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS –

PUBLIC INCLUSIVITY
Offering a variety of cultural programming that appeals to a wide range of viewers is crucial
to fostering inclusivity. This can include activities that highlight the history and culture of
the neighborhood, such as music festivals, art exhibits, and cultural excursions. Making
ensuring that individuals from all walks of life feel welcome and engaged in the area is made
easier by offering a variety of cultural events.
A focus on designing accessible public spaces, providing a range of cultural programming,

and preserving the historical and cultural assets of the area. By doing so, the district can
become a welcoming and engaging space that is enjoyed by people from all walks of life.
CHAPTER – 6
DESIGN PROGRAMME
6.2 Development of the design program:
(Source: Neufert Architects' Data Fourth Edition.)
Understanding space requirements for an adult passenger’s circulation and movement in a public
building. User movement with luggage/ without luggage.
(Source: Passenger Terminal Guide.)
6.2 Area Statement
A detailed split up area requirement segregated based on Arrivals and Departures, and core
terminal spaces, inclusive of all the services and technical requirements.
(Referring to Per/Person standards with space consideration of a single traveler with

baggage/ suitcases as per NBC, and Time Savers Standards)
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
6.3 Total Site area, built-up area arrived and permitted buildable area as per provisions
PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS Standards sources -

• Neufert Architects' Data Fourth Edition
• Metric Handbook:
AREA PER PERSON – 1 sqm - 1.5 sqm - 2 sqm Planning and Design Data
•
40 - 50 Sq. Ft / per person
• Time-saver Standards for Building Types
• Passenger Terminal Facility Design Guide

(AMC)
BUILDING AREA - 26,100 Sqm
SITE AREA -
• Unified-Supply-Equipment-Brochure
13.8 ACRE 123,250 sq. ft - one floor
• • Port Economics, Management and Policy
1,20,000 MPPA
55,930 SQM (million passengers per annum)
NO OF PASSENGERS -
TOTAL ASSUMED - 4000
4000 X 4 sqm 24,000 sqm / 2,58,334 sq. Ft
(Source: Author)
6.4 Proximity chart- at site level and individual blocks/spaces level
(Source: Author)
6.5 ‘Activity & Time’ mapping- at site level
(Source: Author)
Activity patterns around the heritage district throughout the day and the Time periods of
12pm – 2pm and 4pm – 6om being the prime timing of user activity around the site.
User Categories / activity -
The neighborhood is frequently crowded in the middle of the day with employees from
neighboring offices and businesses who are out on the streets and stopping by one of the
numerous food booths and cafes for a quick meal.
In addition to the food stalls, there are also many other activities happening on the streets
of Ballard Estate during the middle of the day. You might see street performers entertaining
the crowds with music or dance, or vendors selling everything from clothes to electronics.
The area home to many historic buildings and landmarks, including the Ballard Bunder
Gate, which was built in the early 20th century and is a popular spot for taking photos.
Commercial offices – Employees – Workers – Street Vendors – Eateries – Temporary stalls.

A connected spectrum of activities that engage the space throughout the day,
A cruise terminal with a public domain would create new hotspots that draw the general
public into the site are, making Ballard estate a hot spot.
CHAPTER – 7
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
7.1. Response towards Special topics
the ‘INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE’ –

on How? To Re-create, extend, and UNDERSTAND THE INTANGIBLE ASPECTS of the space.
(Source: Author)
Understanding the spatial character of the streets around the historic district at Ballard
Estate. Documenting the architectural character and building typologies -
To analyze the response and effect on the people accessing the spaces and the relationship
between the built and the unbuilt versus the culture of a multi-diverse city of Mumbai.
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
7.2 Response towards Materiality
A distinct character of
massive stone masonry
blocks, and
complimenting openings
that create a uniformity
– define the permeable
façades of the buildings.
A prevailing Neo
Classical, Victorian style
(Source: Author)
of architecture stands
out as the face of South
Mumbai, as the origins
of the city.
Windows, doors,
archways, are
highlighting feature in
the heritage district.
(Source: Author)
7.3 Response towards Climatology
Utilizing the linear form

of the site structure to
orient the longer facades
of the building away
from the harsh incoming
solar radiation.
The form casting a

partial shadow on the
lower structure and on
ground spaces.
Creating opportunities to
harvest solar energy by
maximizing on the most
exposed sides of the
façade towards the
south west / East.
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
Total sun hours on the site – recorded in
the peak seasons (March - June)
• Sun hours affecting the massing

which affects the southern point of
the pier. Through spaces that
gradually shade the surrounding
footprint along the setting sun.
• Energy-efficient Lighting: For
areas where natural light is
limited, use energy-efficient
lighting fixtures such as LED lights
to reduce energy consumption.
• Utilize daylighting techniques such (Source: Author)
as light tubes, and angular Louvers (Source: Author)

to direct natural light into the
building, reducing the need for
artificial lighting.
(Source: Author)
7.4 Response towards Site & Context
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
Total Incident Radiation on the site – recorded in the peak seasons (March - June)
• Average daily radiation received from sunlight in Mumbai during the summer
months of April and May is around 200-250 W/m². (Corresponds to approximately
2.4-3.0 kWh per square meter.)
• Glazing: The incident radiation data can be utilized to estimate the quantity and kind
of glazing used in the building. For instance, high-performance glazing with a low
solar heat gain coefficient may be necessary in regions of the terminal that receive a
lot of direct sunlight in order to reduce solar heat gain and glare.
• Double glazed facades, Polycarbonate as a façade material results to lesser heat
gain for the entire terminal also diffusing the direct glare into waiting spaces.
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
Average Wind Speeds/Direction on the site – recorded in the peak seasons (March - June)
(Source: Author)
• Utilizing the windward sides streamlined

to soak in the north light to keep spaces
illuminated throughout the day, in all the
seasons of a year.
• Mumbai's typical wind speed between 5 and 6 m/s in the spring and summer,
according to statistics from the Indian Meteorological Department. This implies that
power could perhaps be produced by wind turbines at Ballard Pier during these
months.
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
7.5 Volumetric Analysis
• 7.5.1. Shape & Volume Analysis
Analyzing the mass and the voids – to respond to the water body surrounding the
terminal.
Openings that create multi-directional ventilation
keeping the spaces cool that tackle the humidity of the
region,
Utilizing the surrounding natural character – Where a
mass responds to the natural marine life of Mumbai
that visually and spatially keep the users connected to
the natural element of water.
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
• 7.5.2. Form & Massing
(Source: Author)
• 7.5.3 Circulation Analysis
(Source: Author)
Ease of access, on the site –
Breaking down the linear site with perpendicular circulation, that enables users to move
across the site with ease.
Movement in the direction of the wind flow creates undisturbed free flow of wind on the
site, reduces the surface temperature.
Muti-Directional viewing angles.

inspired by the building character of Ballard estate , nodes create viewing angles of 270
degrees, towards the ocean front.
(Source: Author)
7.6 Concept models/ Sketch Scheme / Design Rationales
(Source: Author)
7.7 Zoning
• Zones on the site level for ease in access to the parking lot with a capacity of 150-200
cars and 50 bikes that host the visiting public accessing the recreational spaces
throughout the day is situated closer to the entry. Creating free flow of vehicles
without disturbing the Terminal drop off/ Pick-up zone.
(Source: Author)
• Introducing green connections on the shorter lengths of the pier by breaking the
mass into multiple fragments interconnected together functionally.
• Green patches on the ground plane -
that enable the users to interact with the marine life and create cooler shaded
planes as interactive spaces.
(Source: Author)
• Easing in the Liner connectivity on the site for pick-up/drop-off via taxi’s/ busses that
cater to the intercity tourism for the passengers visiting the city residing on the ships
of a short duration of time. (4-5 days).
CHAPTER – 8
ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT
(Source: Author)
8.1 Design Development Process

Layered Differences – inclined terminal creates cooler profiles on the longer edges
The dynamic ascend signifies the architectural character of the district as an abstract form
of the archways.
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
8.2 Master Planning Process and Development
Conceptual Master planning process/ development –
• With a main approach in Creating a PUBLIC DOMAIN, Open to the public and a
space that brings people into the outer periphery of the site infused with leisure
activities that engages the site and its users throughout the year.
• Bridging the gap that has been created by the port and secure compounds that
blocks people off from experiencing the Port atmosphere.
• Adequate facilities –
Parking – Parking spaces for the general public segregated in closer to the entrance
that allows ease of entry and exit to the site.
Seating Areas – Seating areas, Pavilions, Pedestrian walkways, that can

accommodate a large number of the site without disturbing the core functions of the
terminal.
(Source: Author)
• Energy Requirements – Waste Management – Catering to a large crowd needs

undisturbed electricity and self-sufficient waste segregation systems for smooth
functioning of the public activities.
• Transit Services/Functions – For a terminal to cater to the passengers, needs a

segregated taxi/ bus stand enhances connectivity to the site and the terminal.
- Segregated drop off area to the terminal entrance
Baggage pick-up/ Drop off services.
• Security Requirements -
As the site is a Highly secure zone with port activities, it is important to have a neatly
segregated public and private zones with boundaries and security personals
guarding all points of the site.
ID Screening, Metal detectors, Passes and security measures that enables the public
to experience the space without disturbing the core functions of a terminal
8.3 Detailed Design Process and Development
The Initial design development process is followed by the use of the design program in
segregating the spaces based on proximity and location, Required for the smooth
functioning of a terminal building.
(Source: Author)
The Ground level – is zoned with the Entrance lobby, waiting lounge for the incoming
passengers followed by Check-in counters and security screening areas. Casual leisure
spaces such as duty-free stores, cafes and seating areas are spread across the length of the
terminal.
(Source: Author)
The First level – is zoned specifically as the transit floor catering to the boarding and
deboarding of the cruise ships, with wide spread waiting lounges and restaurants of the
leisure segment with various activities for the tourists.
(Source: Author)
The Second level – is a public domain hosting general public with water front attractions
and specialty restaurants to keep the terminal functioning throughout the year.
8.4 Proposed Master Plan, Site Plan & Site sections (Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
8.5 Proposed Detailed Design (Floor Plans, Elevations, Sections, Views, Architectural
Details) (Source: Author)
Second level - Floor plan- (Public access – Specialty restaurants – Water front Terraces (Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
8.6 Various Iterations - Block Models and Detailed Models
(Source: Author)
Iteration -1 (Conceptual Stage -Progress)
(Source: Author)
Iteration -2 (Detailed Conceptual Stage -Development)
Iteration -3 (Final form development) (Source: Author)
• FINAL FORM – BLOCK MODEL -

A Detailed development of layered levels adding up to a significant landmark
structure that represents the origins of the heritage city.
The Control Tower ascending along the curves of the design represent a Watch
tower/Destination, as a true representation of a port of call.
(Source: Author)
Final Form Model of the terminal that stands tall with long span Diagrid Skelital structures
that support that transition spaces that the dynamic roof form blending in seamlessly with
the city scape.
Diagrid interlocking nodes help in Achieving sharp ends towards the topmost point
of the tower.
(Source: Author)
A Façade element that symbolises the character of a tower and acts as an aesthetic
element which is non functional with regard to space. As the Control room is at a height
halfway to the entire height of rising façade.
(Source: Author)
The roofing material – GRC (Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete) - produce strong, lightweight
architectural concrete products such as building panels. Allowing the roof to curve along
the ascending spine
(Source: Author)
(Source: Author)
CHAPTER – 9
Pre-Thesis Documentation
9.1 Pre-Thesis Poster (Source: Author)
9.2 Synopsis
9.3 Location
9.4 Base map
9.8 Case Study
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pre-thesis- Mumbai, Government guidelines, articles.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Art-Industry-in-Bombay_fig3_277934919
https://www.studiopka.com/architecture/theestate/
https://mumbai.citizenmatters.in/has-urban-planning-in-mumbai-failed-an-interview-
with-lalitha-kamath-27082
https://www.udri.org/trending/mumbai-dp24seven/#
https://www.sdmarchitects.com/building-regulations-in-mumbai.html
https://mahavastu.maharashtra.gov.in/ease_of_doing_bussiness_pdf/Updated_PDF_File
s/Uniform_byelaws_DCR.pdf
https://mumbaiport.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/spareport.pdf
https://www.cruisecrocodile.com/cruise-port-information/mangalore-india/
https://environmentclearance.nic.in/
https://www.snkindia.com/project.php?category_id=1&sub_category_id=&project_id=11
4
Literature case study -
https://www.venuerific.com/hk/venues/kai-tak-cruise-terminal
http://euap.hkbu.edu.hk/series/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/10Dec2014-Landscape-
Design-at-Cruise-Terminal-Building-Jacinta-Chow.pdf
https://www.kaitakcruiseterminal.com.hk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/KTCT-RFPN205-
20620181016.pdf
https://www.fosterandpartners.com/projects/kai-tak-cruise-terminal
https://www.lcsd.gov.hk/en/parks/ktctp/layout.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_Tak_Cruise_Terminal
https://www.kaitakcruiseterminal.com.hk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/KTCT-RFP-
20160629-R2.compressed.pdf
https://issuu.com/sanahpatel/docs/thesis_black_book
Standards and Resources-
https://porteconomicsmanagement.org/pemp/contents/part3/cruise-terminal-design-
equipment/
https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/AF/AFDG/passengerterminal.pdf
https://unifiedsupply.com/files/Unified-Supply-Equipment-Brochure.pdf
https://mumbaiport.gov.in/index2_n.asp?slid=118&sublinkid=555&langid=
https://www.systemair.com/fileadmin/user_upload/systemair-
b2b/Support/Media_Center/Air_Handling_Units/AHU_SBA-BA_2018.pdf
https://www.daikinindia.com/sites/default/files/Download%20Brochure/air_side_catalo
gue.pdf
https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/sites/windrose.phtml?station=VAJJ&network=IN__AS
OS
https://mahavastu.maharashtra.gov.in/ease_of_doing_bussiness_pdf/Updated_PDF_File
s/Uniform_byelaws_DCR.pdf
https://scroll.in/article/956768/plan-for-mumbais-eastern-waterfront-uses-public-land-
to-benefit-the-wealthy-and-must-be-resisted
https://www.slideshare.net/AmrSamirShaban/standards-of-cruise-terminal
https://digitalplan.schindler.com/
https://www.kone.in/new-buildings/escalators-and-moving-walkways/transitmaster-
165.aspx
Special Topic / Research, Heritage documentation.
https://mmrhcs.org.in/images/documents/projects/precinct-
studies/Study_of_Ballard_Pier_Precinct/Study_of_Ballard_Pier_Precinct_0iv8an.pdf
https://architecture.live/the-estate-rejuvenating-ballard-estate-proposal-by-studio-pka/
https://www.archdaily.com/985774/nansha-international-cruise-terminal-complex-
aedas?ad_medium=widget&ad_name=category-cruise-terminal-article-show
https://www.archdaily.com/779868/porto-cruise-terminal-luis-pedro-silva-
arquitecto?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab
https://www.archdaily.com/439351/sydney-cruise-terminal-johnson-pilton-walker-
architects
https://www.archdaily.com/554132/ad-classics-yokohama-international-passenger-
terminal-foreign-office-architects-foa
https://www.archdaily.com/897598/lisbon-cruise-terminal-carrilho-da-graca-
arquitectos?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab
CONCLUSION
THESIS REPORT BY -
BHAVESH MB
© 2023
BHAVESH M.B.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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SJB SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

(Affiliated to Vishvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, Karnataka)

THE PORT OF CALL, A HERITAGE SPRAWL - A cruise terminal connecting

A Thesis Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

BHAVESH M.B. - 1JA18AT008

10Th Semester, B. ARCH

Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

THESIS COORDINATORS: DEAN:

Prof. SHILPA MADANGOPAL Prof. Dr. M N CHANDRASHEKAR

Assoc. Prof. PRAVEEN DONGARE

GUIDE: EXTERNAL INTERNAL

Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

I hereby make the following declarations:

(Bhavesh M.B – 1JA18AT008)

Signature of the student.

3|Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

Finally, I would like to express my special gratitude to the professionals of the

4|Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

1.1 Background – Problem statement

CHAPTER 2 - CASE STUDIES

1. Mumbai International Cruise Terminal, India

2.1 General information

CHAPTER 3 - LITERATURE STUDIES

1. Kai Tak International Cruise Terminal, Hong Kong

3.1.1 General information

5|Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

2. YOKOHAMA INTERNATIONAL CRUISE TERMINAL, JAPAN

3.2.1 General information

CHAPTER 4 - ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH

CHAPTER 5 - SITE SELECTION AND SITE ANALYSIS

6|Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

CHAPTER 7 - CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

CHAPTER 8 - ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 9 - PRE-THESIS DOCUMENTATION

7|Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

8|Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

9|Architectural Design Thesis | International Cruise Terminal

“The port of call, a heritage sprawl….

1.2 Objective – Sub-objectives

As far as the design is concerned it is a 'cruise terminal’.

Project typology - industrial infrastructure – transportation

MINIMUM BUILT-UP AREA EXPECTED - 5 acres.

• Enhancing public spaces: Finally, enhancing public spaces around historic

(IDENTIFYING THE KEY ELEMENT OF CONNECTION BETWEEN THE EXISTING

• INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE –

2.2 Selection criteria

SITE AND SURROUNDINGS-

• Mumbai port has long been the

2.4 Site and Context (maps, satellite images, pics, etc.)

Cruise Terminal building and surroundings.

(Source: Author) (Source: Author)

(Source: https://www.studiopka.com/architecture/theestate/) (Source: Author)

Built to open at the site level (in percentages)

• Existing area of the terminal –

• Ballard Pier is a man-made structure

• The Arabian Sea-facing pier is a steel and

• Ballard Pier is an important component of

• Existing Cruise Berth –

• Baggage Loading zone:

• Service Vehicle Movement:

2.10 Architectural Features/Technology/Services: Planning, Form, And Massing,