Shape Area/Perimeter

Equilatateral Triangle A=½×b×h

b = base
h = height

Perimeter
Isosceles Triangle P = a+b+c
T a,b and c are the sides
of the triangle

r Scalene Triangle
i
a Right Angle Triangle
n (Scalene)
g
l Right Angle Triangle
(Isosceles)

e
Rectilinear figures

Square A = aSq(aXa)
P = 4a
a = length of side

Rectangle A=l×w
P = 2(l + w)
l = length
w = width

Rhombus the area of a

rhombus = ½ × d1 ×
d2
where length of two
diagonals of the
rhombus is d1 and d2
Parallelogram A=b×h
P = 2(b + h)

where b=base
h=vertical height
 kite the area of a kite = ½
× d1 × d2 where d1
and d2 are length of
diagonal

If the side of a kite is

a then, perimeter of a
rhombus = 4a

Trapezium area = 1/2(b+B).H

The longer base (the
Q bottom) is big B and
the smaller base (the
u top) is little b…

a
d
r Isoscelus Trapezium area = 1/2(b+B).H
i
l
a
t ArrowHead N/A
e
r
a Complex Quadrilaterals
l
N/A
Pentagon Splitting figures into
triangle and
calculating their areas
and adding it all up.

2
Hexagon

D
P
P o
S o
h l l
y y
a g
g
p o o
e n n
D
P
P o
S o
h l l Octagon
y y
a g
g
p o o
e n n

Symmetry is the word given to define when the exact same shape appears across a line or point. Line symme

Rotational Symmetry
- the image is rotated (around a central point) so that it appears 2 or more times. How many times it appears i
 Regular Symmetry

Spliting shapes into other shapes and other Polygons /examples

Yes 3

No 1

Yes 4

No 2

No
 1

No

Can be Regular =n
Regular or IrRegular =1
Irregular

If all shapes are divided into triangles like below then:

1. for pentagon and all other shapes all angles are isosceles
2. For hexagon its equilateral triangle

3. to calculate area one can find area of a triangle and multiply by n(nbr of sides)
 If all shapes are divided into triangles like below then:
1. for pentagon and all other shapes all angles are isosceles
2. For hexagon its equilateral triangle

3. to calculate area one can find area of a triangle and multiply by n(nbr of sides)

n the exact same shape appears across a line or point. Line symmetry is perhaps the easier to unde

nt) so that it appears 2 or more times. How many times it appears is called the Order
Rotational Diagonals Sides
Symmetry

3 The number of diagonals in a polygon = n(n- all equal

3)/2,
1. a triangle has 3(3−3)/2 = 3×0/2 = 0
diagonals.
2.a square (or any quadrilateral) has 4(4−3)/2 =
1 4×1/2 = 2 diagonals 2 sides equal

none are equal

none are equal

2 sides equal

4 1. 2 equal diagonal 1.All sides are congruent.

2. perpendicular and bisect each other 2.Opposite sides are parallel to each
3. Bisect opposite angles other.

2 1. 2 equal diagonal 1.Opposite sides are parallel and

2.bisect each other but not perpendicular congruent.
3. Don't Bisect opposite angles
4.Opposite angles formed at the point where
diagonals meet are congruent.

2 1. diagonals are not congruent 1.All sides are congruent.

2.The diagonals are perpendicular 2.opposite sides are parallel to each
and bisect each other. other
3. Bisect opposite angles

2 1. diagonals are not congruent 1.Opposite sides are parallel and

2.Diagonals bisect each other but diagonals are congruent.
not perpendicular to each other.
3. Don't Bisect opposite angles.
4.Opposite angles formed at the point where
diagonals meet are congruent.
 1 1. diagonals are not congruent
2.Diagonals are perpendicular to each other
3. one of the diagonals bisects (cuts equally in
half) the other
4. Diagonals bisect opposite angles
0 1. No diagonals are congruent.
2.diagonals don't bisect each other
3.diagonals aren't perpendicular to each other
3. Don't Bisect opposite angles
1 1.Don't Bisect opposite angles
2.The diagonals are congruent.
1 one diagonal only
Regular =n The number of diagonals in a polygon = n(n-
IrRegular =1 3)/2,
1. a triangle has 3(3−3)/2 = 3×0/2 = 0
diagonals.
2.a square (or any quadrilateral) has 4(4−3)/2 =
4×1/2 = 2 diagonals
3.Heptagon has 14 diagonals
4. an octagon has 8(8−3)/2 = 8×5/2 = 20
diagonals.
Two pairs of sides known as consecutive
sides are equal in length.
1. it has two parallel sides and two non-
parallel sides
2.The bases of the trapezium are parallel
to each other (MN ⫽ OP).
3.No sides are congruent.
4.The length of the mid-segment is equal
to half the sum of the parallel bases, in a
trapezium
1.The bases (top and bottom) of an
isosceles trapezoid are parallel.
2.Opposite sides of an isosceles
trapezoid are the same length
(congruent).
1.Two pairs of adjacent sides.
2. One pair of sides with equal length.
3.No parellel sides
Regular =all sides and angles are equal
IrRegular =sides and angles are not equal
Regular Heptagon
Regular Nonagon
Regular decagon
Interior Angles

60 each
sum of all angles is 180

2 angles are equal

sum of all angles is 180

None are equal

sum of all angles is 180

None are equal

but one is 90*
sum of all angles is 180

2 are equal (45 each) and one is 90*

sum of all angles is 180

90 each and sum of all angles is 3601.Its Opposite angles are equal
2.All angles are congruent.
3. Adjacent angles are supplementary (For eg., ∠A + ∠B = 180°).

90 each and sum of all angles is 360

1.Its Opposite angles are equal
2.All angles are congruent.
3. Adjacent angles are supplementary (For eg., ∠A + ∠B = 180°)

1.Any two adjacent angles add up to 180 degrees i.e. supplementary (For eg., ∠A +
∠B = 180°).
2.Opposite angles are equal/congruent but angles can be 90 degrees in the special
case of a rhombus.
4. Sum of all angles is 360
1.Any two adjacent angles add up to 180 degrees.
sum of all angles is 360
2.Opposite angles are congruent.
One pair of diagonally opposite angles is equal in measurement. These angles are
said to be congruent with each other.
3.sum of all angles is 360

1.Opposite angles are not equal

2.No angles are congruent.
3. Two pairs of adjacent angles of a trapezium formed between the parallel sides
and one of the non-parallel side, add up to 180 degrees
4.sum of all angles is 360

1.The angles on either side of the bases are the same size/measure (congruent).
2.Adjacent angles (next to each other) along the sides are supplementary. This
means that their measures add up to 180 degrees.
3.sum of all angles is 360

1.sum of all angles is 360

2.one angle is greater than 180 ie. one of the interior angles is a reflex angle.

Regular =all sides and angles are equal

IrRegular =sides and angles are not equal
Regular Pentagon- 5 equal sides so angle is 108 and but for IrReg all are not equal
and for both reg and irReg sum is 540
Regular Hexagon -6 equal sides so each angle is 120 but for IrReg all are not
equaland and for both reg and irReg sum is 720
Regular Heptagon -7 equal sides so each angle is 128.7 but for IrReg all are not
equal and for both reg and irReg Sum of all angles is (7-2)180= 900
Regular Octagon - 8 equal sides so each angle is 135 but for IrReg all are not equal
and for both reg and irReg ,Sum of all angles is (8-2)180 = 1080
Regular Nonagon - 9 equal sides so each angle is 140 but for IrReg all are not
equal and Sum of all angles is (9-2)180= 1260
Regular decagon - 10 equal sides so each angle is 144 but for IrReg all are not
equal and Sum of all angles is (10-2)180= 1440
Formulae Interior Angle = 180° − 360°/n
Which can be rearranged like this:
Interior Angle= 180° − 360°/n
= (n × 180° / n) − (2 × 180° / n)
= (n−2) × 180°/n
So we also have this: Interior Angle = (n−2) × 180° / n
Formulae Interior Angle = 180° − 360°/n
Which can be rearranged like this:
Interior Angle= 180° − 360°/n
= (n × 180° / n) − (2 × 180° / n)
= (n−2) × 180°/n
So we also have this: Interior Angle = (n−2) × 180° / n
Exterior Angles

1.sum of all is 360

2.For regular shape (Equilateral) each exterior angle can be measured as 360/n(nbr of sides)

1.sum of all is 360

2.For regular shape each exterior angle can be measured as 360/n(nbr of sides)
sum of all is 360
and for regular shape each exterior angle can be measured as 360/n(nbr of sides)

The Interior and Exterior Angle are measured from the same line, so they add up to 180°.
Interior Angle = 180° − Exterior Angle
We know the Exterior angle = 360°/n, so:
Other Properties

Acute Triangle - One of the angle is Acute

Obtuse triangle- One of the angle is Obtuse

soboth of them could be any of the triangle like equilateral, isosceles,scalene, right angled

whose sides meet at 90* angle

1.rectangle = as opposites sides are equal and Parallel. All angles are 90
2.A square is a special type of parallelogram whose all angles and sides are equal.
Also, a parallelogram becomes a square when the diagonals are equal and right bisectors
of each other.
3.Can be Rhombus

• A rectangle is a special type of parallelogram whose angles are right.

• All rectangles are rhombuses

1.A rhombus is a parallelogram whose diagonals are perpendicular to each other.

2.The two diagonals form four congruent right angled triangles.

1.If one of the angles of a parallelogram is a right angle then all other angles are right and
it becomes a rectangle.
2.each diagonal divides the parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
3.Inside any quadrilateral (a 4-sided flat shape) there is a parallelogram (opposite sides
parallel and equal in length),When we connect the midpoints (the point exactly half-way
along a line) of each side of the quadrilateral, one after the other, we create a new shape
that has opposite sides parallel, even though the containing quadrilateral might not.
When all sides have equal length the Kite will also be a Rhombus.
When all the angles are also 90° the Kite will be a Square.
A Square is a Kite? Yes! So it doesn't always look like the kite you fly.

Like other quadrilaterals, the sum of all the four angles of the trapezium is equal to 360°

The diagonals of regular trapezium bisect each other

It has only one pair of opposite parallel Lines and

two pair of equal angles

It's a concave quadrilateral.

Shape
Circle Properties

Circle

Circumcircle/InCircle
Area Bound by an Arc and Square

Square related property

Circcle Theorems
and
Size of angles inscribed in circle
Circle by Lines
https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/
circle-area-lines.html
Properties

1. Infinite - Symmetry and Rotational Symmetry

2. the centre of circle(dot) , angle is 360*
3. Its regular
4.A = π × r Sq,
5. Circumference = 2πr
where r = radius of the circle

The "outside" circle is called a circumcircle, and it connects all vertices (corner points) of the polygon. The radius of the circum
The "inside" circle is called an incircle and it just touches each side of the polygon at its midpoint. The radius of the incircle is t
(Not all polygons have those properties, but triangles and regular polygons do).
1. Let OO be the intersection of the diagonals of a square. There exists a circumcircle centred at OO whose radius is equal to half of the lengt
2.. Each diagonal of a square is a diameter of its circumcircle.
Additionally, for a square one can show that the diagonals are perpendicular bisectors.

Square inside a square

Suppose a square is inscribed inside the incircle of a larger square of side length SS. Find the side length ss of the inscribed square, and dete
square
 Shape
Cube

Cuboid/BOX

Cone

Cylinder

Sphere

Triangular Pyramid/Tetrahedron

3
D
3
Square Pyramid

D
Pentagonal Pyramid

S
h Hexagonal Pyramid

a
p
e
s Triangular based Prism

Square Prism

Rectangular Prism
Pentagonal Prism

Hexagonal Prism

Octagonal based Prism

Octahedron
Area/Volume
Surface Area of a Cube = 6aSq.

Volume of a Cube = aCube(aXaXa)

Surface Area of a Box = Sum of the areas of each face of the box, or

Surface Area of a Box = 2(L × W) + 2(L × D) + 2(W × D)

A cuboid will have a length, breadth and height. Volume of a cuboid = (length ×
breadth × height) cubic units.

Surface Area of a Cylinder =

Volume of a Cylinder =

A sphere is a solid figure where every point on

Surface area = 4π(rSq)
Volume = 4⁄3π(rCube)

The Volume of a Pyramid

1/3 × [Base Area] × Height
The Surface Area of a Pyramid
When all side faces are the same:
[Base Area] + 1/2 × Perimeter × [Slant Length]
When side faces are different:
[Base Area] + [Lateral Area]

1. The surface area of a prism is the sum of the area of all its faces.
Surface Area of a Prism = 2 × (Area of the base shape) + (Perimeter of base
shape) × (d)
Surface Area = Area of base triangles + Area of side parallelograms
= 2 × (0.5 x b x h) + 2 × (l x s) + (l x b)
= bh + 2ls + lb
2.Volume of a Prism = (Area of base shape) × d
Volume of a prism is the amount of space inside.
Volume = Area of base triangle × length
= (0.5 x b x h) × l =0.5bhl
Planesof Symmetry Rotational Symmetry
8 13

3 4
Surface Edges
Flat Curved Flat Curved Vertices Other Types

6 0 12 0 8

6 0 12 0 8

1 1 0 1 0

2 1 0 2 0

0 1 0 0 0

Right Pyramid and Oblique Pyramid

This tells us where the top (apex) of the pyramid
is. When the apex is directly above the center of
4 0 6 0 4 the base it is a Right Pyramid, otherwise it is an
Oblique Pyramid.

Regular vs Irregular Pyramid

This tells us about the shape of the base. When
 is. When the apex is directly above the center of
the base it is a Right Pyramid, otherwise it is an
Oblique Pyramid.

5 0 8 0 5
Regular vs Irregular Pyramid
This tells us about the shape of the base. When
the base is a regular polygon it is a Regular
Pyramid, otherwise it is an Irregular Pyramid.

? 0 ? 0 ?

? 0 ? 0 ?

Right Prism and Oblique Prism

When the two bases of a prism are perfectly
aligned and its faces are rectangles
(perpendicular to the bases) it is a right prism,
5 0 9 0 6 else it is an oblique. They are characterized as
follows:
Right Prism

Oblique Prism
0 0 0 0

Regular/IrRegular Prism
7 0 15 0 10

8 0 18 0 12

10 0 24 0 16

When it is "regular" (side lengths are equal and

angles are equal) it is one of the Platonic Solids.

8 0 12 0 6
Properties
1.A cube is a special case box where all the sides are the same length.

2.The cross section of a geometric shape or an object is the shape obtained by

cutting it straight. It is also referred to as the intersection of a plane with the three-
dimensional object. The cross section of a cube parallel to the base of the cube is
same as its base.

Cuboid is a solid box whose every surface is a rectangle of same area or different
areas.
A box can be thought of a stack of rectangles L long and W wide piled on top of
each other to a depth of D.

A cone is a pyramid with a circular base with radius r and height h. The side length s
can be found using the Pythagorean Theorem.

A cylinder is a prism where the base shape is a circle.

The surface is equidistant from the center of the sphere.

This distance is the radius, r, of the sphere.

1.A pyramid is also a three-dimensional (3D) shape. It has a polygon base and flat
(triangular) sides that join at a common point (called the apex).
2.In geometry, a tetrahedron, also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron
composed of four triangular faces. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the
ordinary convex polyhedra and the only one that has fewer than 5 faces.
3.We often think of the famous pyramids in Egypt when the word ‘pyramid’ is
mentioned. The Egyptian pyramids are square-based pyramids, but there are
several other types of pyramids, each with a different polygon as its base.The cross
section of a geometric shape or an object is the shape obtained by cutting it
straight. It is also referred to as the intersection of a plane with the three-
dimensional object. The cross section of a Pyramid parallel to the base of the
pyramid is same as its base.

Hexagonal Pyramid- see that the base is a hexagon with 6 edges.

Then, using the formula n+1
2.In geometry, a tetrahedron, also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron
composed of four triangular faces. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the
ordinary convex polyhedra and the only one that has fewer than 5 faces.
3.We often think of the famous pyramids in Egypt when the word ‘pyramid’ is
mentioned. The Egyptian pyramids are square-based pyramids, but there are
several other types of pyramids, each with a different polygon as its base.The cross
section of a geometric shape or an object is the shape obtained by cutting it
straight. It is also referred to as the intersection of a plane with the three-
dimensional object. The cross section of a Pyramid parallel to the base of the
pyramid is same as its base.

Hexagonal Pyramid- see that the base is a hexagon with 6 edges.

Then, using the formula n+1
to calculate the number of faces of a pyramid , calculate the number of faces in this
figure as 7 in total.
Triangular Pyramid/Tetrahedron

1.A prism is a shape withflat sidesa and it has two ends which are two identical
shapes facing each other. These identical shapes are called “bases”.
It has the same cross-section all along the shape from end to end; that means if
you cut through it you would see the same 2D shape as on either end.
2.The bases can be a triangle, square, rectangle or any other polygon.
3.Other faces of a prism are rectangles or parallelogram .
4.The prisms are polyhedrons or objects with multiple flat faces. A prism can not
have any side which is curved thus objects like cylinder, cone or sphere are not
prisms.
5.The cross section of a geometric shape or an object is the shape obtained by
cutting it straight. It is also referred to as the intersection of a plane with the three-
dimensional object. The cross section of a prism parallel to the base of the prism is
same as its base.

A figure has a base and parallel top face, each with 7 edges. How many faces does
it have?
First, if the base has 7 edges, there must be 7 side faces.
Next, since there is a parallel top face, you know this is a prism.
Then, you use the formula for calculating the number of faces in a prism:
n+2 (7+2)=number of faces=9
A figure has a base and parallel top face, each with 7 edges. How many faces does
it have?
First, if the base has 7 edges, there must be 7 side faces.
Next, since there is a parallel top face, you know this is a prism.
Then, you use the formula for calculating the number of faces in a prism:
n+2 (7+2)=number of faces=9

In geometry, an octahedron is a polyhedron with eight faces, twelve edges, and six
vertices. The term is most commonly used to refer to the regular octahedron, a
Platonic solid composed of eight equilateral triangles, four of which meet at each
vertex. A regular octahedron is the dual polyhedron of a cube. Wikipedia
Number of vertices: 6
Number of faces: 8
Number of edges: 12