Crimes Punishments Trials Policing Laws

Medieval ANGLO SAXON ANGLO SAXON ANGLO SAXON ANGLO SAXON ANGLO SAXON
England Person:  Wergild  Trial by local  Tithings  By 1000 AS kings
(c.1000-  Murder  Capital jury  Hue and Cry issuing codes of law
c.1500)  Assault punishment for  Trial by ordeal
 Public disorder treason/betrayin NORMAN NORMAN
 Rape g your lord NORMAN  Tithings  Kept the majority of AS
 Corporal  Trial by combat  Hue and cry laws
Property: punishment  Church courts  Forest Laws
 Theft (mutilation) for LATER  Norman-French
(poaching/stealing reoffenders LATER  Hue and cry became official
crops)  Trial by  Tithings language used in court
 Arson NORMAN ordeal/combat  From 1250s procedures
 Counterfeiting  Murdrum fine abolished in parish  Court records kept in
coins  Capital 1215 constables led Latin
punishment for  Benefit of the the chase for  Harsher on women –
Authority: serious crimes clergy the criminal ‘Women’s authority
 Treason and reoffenders  Sanctuary after the hue nil. Let her in all things
 Rebellion  Fines for lesser and cry by subject to the rule
crimes and  Night watch of men.’
NORMAN wergild went to  Knights
 Breaking the the king’s officials appointed by LATER
Forest Laws was a Richard I as  Continued
‘social crime’ LATER keepers of the
 Capital peace in
LATER punishment ‘unruly’ areas
 Continued gradually from 1195 –
decreased system
 Corporal extended by
punishments Edward II to all
widely used but areas
juries would not  Following the
convict their Justices of the
 neighbours Peace Act
unless they (1361) keepers
regularly of the peace
offended became
 Fines became Justices of the
more common Peace who had
the power to
hear minor
crimes 4x a
year
 From 1285 the
sheriff could
form a posse
Early  Increased  Fines for minor  From 1576  Hue and cry  Vagabondage Laws
modern population/decline crimes everyone tried  No national 1474 Vagabonds and
England of feudalism led to  Pillory, stocks, in secular police force Beggars Act, 1547
(c.1500- higher flogging, maiming courts  Roles of town Vagrancy Act, 1597 Act
c.1700) unemployment  Capital  Sanctuary constables and for the Relief of the
which led to an punishment still abolished in watchmen Poor, 1601 Poor Laws
increase in crimes commonly used 1623 by James changes
against the person but nobles were I  Rewards
 End of beheaded rather  Habeus Corpus  Justices of the
feudalism/new than hanged  Trial by jury Peace
farming methods  Burning for  Trial by
led to enclosure of heresy ‘swimming’ for
land which led to  Bloody Code witches
an increase in included 222
crimes against the capital crimes by
property 1810
 Changes in  Transportation
peoples’ religious
beliefs led to an
increase in crimes
 against authority
as more people
committed heresy
and treason
 Vagabondage
 Smuggling
 Witchcraft
Eighteenth  Increase in crime  Transportation  1749 Bow  1723 Waltham Black
and b/c people ended by 1868 Street Runners Act made poaching a
nineteenth travelling more so b/c gold rush, too  1754 Bow capital crime and
-century communities were expensive, too Street Horse illegal to carry
Britain less tightly knit, harsh, prisons Patrols snares/hunting dogs in
larger towns,  Prisons e.g.  1856 Police Act a poaching area
poverty led to Pentonville built made
more ‘survival’ in 1842 professional
crimes police forces
 Highway robbery compulsory
increased b/c across the
improved roads, country
increased trade,
isolated roads
 Poaching
increased
w/poaching gangs
 Smuggling
increased
w/poaching gangs
like the Hawkhurst
Gang b/c import
tax
 Witchcraft
declined b/c
properity, political
 stability, less
superstition, Royal
Society
 Tolpuddle Martyrs
Modern  Cybercrime  Abolition of the  Motorised
Britain  Smuggling death penalty in transport
(c.1900-  Terrorism e.g. Al 1998 b/c ideas  Armed
present) Qaeda about  Specialisation
 Race crime (1968 punishment were (National Crime
Race Relations Act, changing, Agency,
2006 Racial and controversial Economic
Religious Hatred cases Crime Unit,
Act)  Prison Police Central
 Drug crimes  Community e-crime Unit,
(Misuse of Drug sentences Special Branch)
Act in 1971)  Antisocial  Neighbourhood
 Driving offences behaviour orders watch
(driving under the  Electronic tagging  Science and
influence, technology
speeding, ignoring  MET Police
road signs, driving
w/out insurance,
MOT, valid driving
licence, driving
while on the
phone)