SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Name: Razell J. Balbuena

Section: BSED-ENGLISH 2A

TISSUE CULTURE AND CLONING

1. Tissue culture and cloning are advanced biotechnological techniques used in agriculture and
medicine. Tissue culture allows for highly efficient propagation of plant or animal cells,
producing disease-free plants by eliminating pathogens from the initial explant. It can also be
used to introduce desired genes into plants or animals, resulting in genetically modified
organisms (GMOs). It can also help conserve endangered species by preserving their genetic
material in vitro and producing new individuals through cloning. However, tissue culture
requires specialized equipment, media, and facilities, making it a costly process. Technical
expertise is required, which may not be available in all regions or institutions. Long-term
maintenance of tissue cultures can be challenging due to contamination, nutrient depletion,
and genetic instability.

Regulatory issues also limit the commercialization and adoption of tissue culture and GMOs
due to regulatory approval and public scrutiny. Through the technique of cloning, genetically
identical creatures with desired features or immunity to illness can be created. By creating
new individuals without the requirement for mating or reproduction, it can also be utilized to
preserve endangered species. Potential medical uses for cloning include the creation of organs
for transplantation and the development of genetically tailored medications. In order to create
premium crops with desired qualities like disease resistance and yield potential, it can also be
utilized in agriculture. Nevertheless, cloning has a number of drawbacks, such as expensive
expenses, a need for specialized knowledge, legal concerns, and a low success rate because of
the procedure’ intricacy and the possibility of genetic instability or anomalies in the offspring.

2. In the coming decade, advancements in tissue culture and cloning technology are anticipated
to result in increased efficiency, expanded applications, enhanced precision, heightened
safety, and greater accessibility. Scientists are currently working on developing new
techniques and technologies to make these processes more efficient, which could significantly
reduce the cost and time required for commercial applications. The technology will also be
utilized in novel and innovative ways, such as in the production of new pharmaceuticals or
the creation of plant varieties with desirable traits. As our comprehension of genetics and
biology expands, more precise methods for tissue culture and cloning will be developed,
enabling the creation of more complex organisms or cells with highly specialized functions.
Advances in safety protocols and technologies will help minimize genetic errors or mutations,
making these processes safer and more reliable. As the technology becomes more advanced
and efficient, it is likely that tissue culture and cloning will become more accessible to a
wider range of researchers and organizations, leading to new discoveries and innovations.
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Name: Razell J. Balbuena

Section: BSED-ENGLISH 2A

RENEWABLE ENERGY

1. Renewable energy technologies such as wind, solar, hydro, and geothermal power offer a
multitude of benefits, including cleaner and more sustainable energy production, reduced
dependence on fossil fuels, job creation, cost-competitiveness, and improved energy security.
Unlike traditional fossil fuels, these technologies do not produce greenhouse gases or air
pollutants. They also reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, which can be subject to
price volatility and supply disruptions. The renewable energy industry has been growing
rapidly, creating new jobs in various aspects of the sector.

However, renewable energy sources also have some drawbacks. The variability of renewable
energy sources can make it challenging to integrate them into the grid without backup storage
or other solutions. High upfront costs and land use impacts can also pose challenges.
Although renewable energy sources are cleaner than traditional fossil fuels, they still have
some environmental impacts such as bird strikes with wind turbines or the environmental
impacts of large-scale hydroelectric projects. Technical challenges such as managing grid
stability and ensuring reliability during periods of high demand or low generation persist in
integrating renewable energy sources into the grid at scale.

2. In the upcoming decade, the development of renewable energy technology is anticipated to

experience significant progress due to several critical trends. Firstly, as per the International
Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the cost of renewable energy sources such as solar PV
and onshore wind is projected to decrease by 25-35% and 15-20%, respectively. Secondly, the
advancement of more efficient and cost-effective energy storage technologies will facilitate
more dependable and flexible power generation from renewables. This includes battery
storage, pumped hydro storage, and thermal storage. Thirdly, as the share of renewables in the
electricity mix grows, there will be a greater need for grid integration technologies that can
manage the variability of wind and solar power. This includes smart grids, demand response
systems, and advanced forecasting tools. Lastly, emerging technologies such as floating wind
turbines, wave and tidal energy converters, and green hydrogen production using renewable
electricity offer exciting prospects for further growth in the sector. Overall, these trends
suggest that renewables will become increasingly competitive with traditional sources of
power and play an increasingly significant role in meeting global energy needs in a
sustainable and affordable manner.
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Name: Razell J. Balbuena

Section: BSED-ENGLISH 2A

ORGANIC FARMING

1. Organic farming is a sustainable farming method that uses natural fertilizers, pest control, and
crop rotation instead of synthetic chemicals. It offers several benefits, including being
environmentally friendly, promoting healthier produce, reducing soil and water pollution,
promoting soil health, reducing carbon footprint, and promoting animal welfare. However, it
also has drawbacks, such as lower crop yields due to the lack of synthetic pesticides and
diseases, higher costs due to the need for natural inputs and labor, increased risk of spoilage
due to the lack of synthetic preservatives, limited availability due to higher costs, and a lack
of scientific evidence supporting the health benefits of organic produce.

In conclusion, organic farming offers several advantages, including being environmentally

friendly, promoting healthier produce, reducing carbon footprint, and promoting animal
welfare. However, it also has drawbacks, such as lower yields, higher costs, increased risk of
spoilage, limited availability, and a lack of scientific evidence supporting the health benefits
of organic produce.

2. Over the next ten years, there will likely be significant advancements in organic farming
technology, including precision farming that optimizes crops using drones, sensors, and data
analytics; biotechnology that uses genetic modification to genetically modify crops to resist
pests and diseases without the use of synthetic chemicals; vertical farming that provides
controlled environments and artificial lighting for urban populations; robotics that allows for
automated planting, weeding, and harvesting; and enhanced carbon sequestration through
organic farming practices like crop rotation, cover cropping, and reduced tillage to slow down
climate change. These developments will improve the efficiency, sustainability, and financial
success of organic farming for farmers while simultaneously improving the environment.
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Name: Razell J. Balbuena

Section: BSED-ENGLISH 2A

SEX REASSIGNMENT

1. The medical procedure known as sex reassignment surgery, or gender affirmation surgery, is
designed to match a person’s physical attributes with their gender identity. Thanks to
advancements in technology, this procedure has become safer and more effective than ever
before. However, it still comes with costs and potential complications. Studies have indicated
that transgender individuals who undergo this surgery may experience improved quality of
life and reduced mental health issues. Nonetheless, the high cost of the procedure can pose a
significant obstacle for many people, and there is still a scarcity of long-term studies on the
long-term outcomes of the procedure. Furthermore, social prejudice and stigma against
transgender individuals can make it challenging for them to access healthcare services and
resources related to sex reassignment surgery.

2. The subject of sex reassignment technology is developing quickly, and there could be
advancements in the upcoming ten years. Technological and surgical method advancements
may result in less invasive and more precise procedures, which would lower risks and
problems. In order to assist people in going through gender transition, researchers are also
developing improved hormone therapy that will minimize adverse effects and improve
results. Technology for sex reassignment may become increasingly in demand as society
grows more accepting of transgender people, making it more widely available and reasonably
priced. Accessing sex reassignment therapies may become simpler with the advent of
telemedicine and virtual consultations, particularly in places with fewer clinics or specialists.
Technological developments in 3D printing and other fields may enable genital surgery
patients to receive more personalized and reasonably priced prostheses. A stronger emphasis
on mental health might result in all-encompassing treatment that addresses the psychological
as well as the physical aspects of gender transition, enhancing patient results and experiences
in general. The field of sex reassignment technology is always changing, and as researchers
and physicians strive to make operations better and more accessible, additional advancements
are anticipated in the years to come.
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Name: Razell J. Balbuena

Section: BSED-ENGLISH 2A

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

1. AI has many advantages, such as cost savings, increased safety, better decision-making,
individualized experiences, and increased productivity. It is more productive than humans
since it can complete things quicker and with greater accuracy. AI can be applied in
dangerous situations to lower the risk to human life. But there are drawbacks as well, like loss
of jobs, privacy issues, reliance on data, lack of transparency, and elevated security risks. The
advantages of artificial intelligence (AI) include higher productivity and accuracy, improved
decision-making, customized experiences, safety, and cost savings. But it also brings with it
the possibility of employment displacement, privacy issues, reliance on data, lack of
transparency, and heightened susceptibility to cyberattacks.

In summary, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to completely transform a number of
facets of society, but it also comes with drawbacks, including the loss of jobs, privacy issues,
a reliance on data, a lack of transparency, and a rise in security risks. For artificial intelligence
to be successful and useful in the long run, these problems must be handled properly.

2. It is anticipated that artificial intelligence (AI) would grow significantly over the next ten
years. First of all, machine learning algorithms will progress, allowing AI systems to learn
and adapt to new environments without the need for human involvement. This will make AI
systems more independent. Second, as deep learning approaches improve their ability to
analyze and comprehend complex data, AI systems will grow in intelligence. Thirdly, as
natural language processing technologies advance and enable AI systems to comprehend and
react to human input in a more conversational fashion, human-AI collaboration will become
more efficient. Fourthly, AI systems will be used in a greater variety of fields and
applications, such as manufacturing, finance, healthcare, and transportation, where they will
increase productivity, lower expenses, and improve safety. Fifth, as AI systems grow more
pervasive in daily life, convenience, comfort, and sustainability will all improve. Examples of
this include smart towns and residences as well as smart transportation systems. Finally, as AI
systems are used more often, regulations will be required to guarantee their responsible usage
as well as the preservation of security and privacy in areas like cybersecurity, data protection,
and fair competition.