UNIVERSITY OF BAHRAIN

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CLASS B.Sc. IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE MENG 384

SUBJECT VIBRATION

SEMESTER I - 2020/2021
ASSESSMENT FINAL EXAMINATION

DATE TIME DURATION

09-01-2021 11:30 - 13:30 2 HRS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1. Solve All the Questions.
2. All Questions Carry Equal Marks.

Student
Name
Student Section
I.D. No.

Question
Q.1 Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 Q.5
No.
Mapping: 1&2 1, 2 & 4 2&4 5 6&7
Total
CILOS
Mapping: 1&6 1&6 1&6 1&6 1&6
PO
Maximum 10 10 10 10 10 50
Mark

Marks
Q.1 Calculate the natural frequency, 𝜔𝑛 and damping ratio, ξ of the system shown
below. The system is a single degree of freedom system and the coordinates x and y
are dependent in which 𝑥 = 2𝑦. Use m = 2 kg and c = 500 Ns/m. The angle θ is any
value between 0 and 90°. The specific value of k is given in separate excel sheet.
Q.2 A mass of 4 kg slides back and forth on a dry inclined surface due to the action of
a spring having a stiffness of 2500 N/m. After two complete cycles, the amplitude has
been found to reduce from 100 mm to 50 mm. Find:
a) The average coefficient of friction between the two surfaces.
b) The amplitude of the third cycle.
c) The time to complete three cycles.
The specific value of θ in degrees is given in separate excel sheet.
Q.3 A uniform slender rod, carrying a slider at a distance b measured from point O, is
supported by a spring and damper. The mass of the rod is 3 kg and that of the slider is
1.2 kg. The free end of the spring is subjected to harmonic motion given by x(t) as
shown in the figure below. Assuming small oscillations about the horizontal
equilibrium position, determine the steady state angular displacement of the rod about
point O. The specific value of b is given in separate excel sheet.
Q.4 The equation of motion of an undamped system is given by 10𝑥̈ + 𝑘 𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑡)
where the forcing function is defined by the curve shown below.
a) Find the response of the system assuming zero initial conditions.
b) Compute the displacement at t = 1 s.
The specific value of k is given in separate excel sheet.
Q.5 Find the natural frequencies of a 2-DOF system who’s equations of motions are
given in matrix notation as follows:

2𝑚 0 𝑥̈ 1 3𝑘 −𝑘 𝑥1 0
[ ]{ } + [ ] {𝑥 } = { }
0 𝑚 𝑥̈ 2 −𝑘 𝑘 2 0
The specific values of m and k are given in separate excel sheet.
 Formula Sheet

Harmonic Motion
2𝜋
𝜔= = 2𝜋𝑓 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐴 𝑥̇ max = 𝜔 𝐴 𝑥̈ max = 𝜔2 𝐴
𝜏
Free Vibration
𝑘 𝑚 1 1 𝑘 1 𝑔
𝜔𝑛 = √ 𝜏 = 2𝜋√ 𝑓𝑛 = = √ = √
𝑚 𝑘 𝜏 2𝜋 𝑚 2𝜋 ∆
𝑘∆= 𝑚𝑔
𝑥̇ (0)
𝑥= sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑥(0) cos 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑂 sin(𝜔𝑛 𝑡 − ∅𝑂 )
𝜔𝑛
𝑥̇ (0) 2 𝑥(0)𝜔𝑛
𝐴𝑂 = √( 𝜔 ) + 𝑥(0)2 ; ∅𝑂 = tan−1
𝑛 𝑥̇ (0)
𝜋𝐺𝑑4
𝑘𝑡 =
32𝑙
𝑑 𝑇max = 𝑈max
(𝑇 + 𝑈) = 0
𝑑𝑡
1 1
𝑇 = 𝑚eff 𝑥̇ 2 𝑈= 𝑘 𝑥2
2 2 eff
Added Mass
Spring: 𝑚𝑆 /3 Cantilever Beam: 0.23𝑚𝑏 Simply Supported Beam: 0.5 𝑚𝑏
𝑐 𝑘
𝜉= , 𝑐𝑐 = 2𝑚√ = 2𝑚𝜔𝑛
𝑐𝑐 𝑚
= 2√𝑘𝑚
𝑥 = 𝑋𝑂 𝑒 −𝜉𝜔𝑛𝑡 sin (√1 − 𝜉 2 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝜙𝑂 )
𝑥̇ (0) + 𝜉𝜔𝑛 𝑥(0)
𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝜉𝜔𝑛𝑡 ( sin √1 − 𝜉 2 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑥(0) cos √1 − 𝜉 2 𝜔𝑛 𝑡)
𝜔𝑛 √1 − 𝜉 2
2𝜋
𝜔𝑑 = = 𝜔𝑛 √1 − 𝜉 2
𝜏𝑑
2
𝑥 = 𝐴 𝑒 (−𝜉+√𝜉 −1)𝜔𝑛𝑡 𝑥̇ (0) + (𝜉 + √𝜉 2 − 1)𝜔𝑛 𝑥(0)
2
𝐴 =
+ 𝐵 𝑒 (−𝜉−√𝜉 −1)𝜔𝑛𝑡 2𝜔𝑛 √𝜉 2 − 1
−𝑥̇ (0) − (𝜉 − √𝜉 2 − 1)𝜔𝑛 𝑥(0)
𝐵=
2𝜔𝑛 √𝜉 2 − 1
𝑥 = (𝐶 + 𝐷 𝑡)𝑒 −𝜔𝑛𝑡 = {𝑥(0) + [𝑥̇ (0) + 𝜔𝑛 𝑥(0)]𝑡}𝑒 −𝜔𝑛𝑡

1 𝑥0 𝛿 𝛿 ≅ 2𝜋𝜉
𝛿= ln 2𝜋𝜉
𝑛 𝑥𝑛
=
√1 − 𝜉 2
4𝐹𝑑 𝐹𝑑 = 𝜇𝑁
𝑋𝑚−1 − 𝑋𝑚 =
𝑘
Forced Vibration
𝐹𝑂 Vibration Isolation
𝐹𝑂 𝑘
𝑋= = 𝐹𝑇 = √(𝑘𝑋)2 + (𝑐𝜔𝑋)2
√(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2 2 2 2
√(1 − ( 𝜔 ) ) + (2𝜉 𝜔 ) 𝜔 2
𝜔𝑛 𝜔𝑛 = 𝑘𝑋 √1 + (2𝜉 )
𝜔𝑛
𝑐𝜔 2𝜉𝜔/𝜔𝑛 Transmissibility
𝜙 = tan−1 = tan−1 𝐹𝑇 𝑋
𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 𝜔 2
1 − (𝜔 ) 𝑇𝑅 = =
𝑛 𝐹𝑂 𝑌
Rotating Unbalance Error Factors in Instruments
𝑚𝑒𝜔2 𝜔 2
𝑋= (𝜔 )
𝑛
√(𝑘 − 𝑀𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2
𝜔 2 2 2 2
𝑚𝑒 ( 𝜔𝑛 ) √(1 − ( 𝜔 ) ) + (2𝜉 𝜔 )
= 𝜔𝑛 𝜔𝑛
𝑀
2 2 2 𝜔 1
√(1 − ( 𝜔 ) ) + (2𝜉 𝜔 ) ( ) =
𝜔 𝜔
𝑛 𝑛 𝜔𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 √1 − 2𝜉 2
Support Motion 1
2 2 2
√(1 − ( 𝜔 ) ) + (2𝜉 𝜔 )
𝜔𝑛 𝜔𝑛
𝜔 2 𝜔
𝑚𝜔 𝑌 2 𝑌 (𝜔 ) ( ) = √1 − 2𝜉 2
𝑛 𝜔𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
𝑍= =
√(𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2 2 2 2
√(1 − ( 𝜔 ) ) + (2𝜉 𝜔 ) Transient Response
𝜔𝑛 𝜔𝑛 1
ℎ(𝑡) = sin(𝜔𝑛 𝑡)
𝑚𝜔𝑛
1 −ξ𝜔 𝑡
𝜔 2 ℎ(𝑡) = e 𝑛 sin(𝜔𝑑 𝑡)
𝑋 + 𝑘2 (𝑐𝜔)2 1 + (2𝜉 𝜔 ) 𝑚𝜔𝑑
𝑛
=√ =√ 𝑡
𝑌 (𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2 )2 + (𝑐𝜔)2 𝜔 2 2 𝜔 2
(1 − ( ) + (2𝜉 ) 𝑥(𝑡) = ∫ 𝐹(𝜂)ℎ(𝑡 − 𝜂)𝑑𝜂
𝜔𝑛 ) 𝜔𝑛 0

Total Response of Harmonically Excited Vibration 𝐹𝑂

𝑥(𝑡) = (1 − cos(𝜔𝑛 𝑡))
𝑘
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥ℎ (𝑡) + 𝑥𝑝 (𝑡) 𝐹𝑂 𝑡 sin(𝜔𝑛 𝑡)
𝑥(𝑡) = ( − )
𝑘 𝑡1 𝜔𝑛 𝑡1
𝑥ℎ (𝑡) depends on the value of ξ (free vibration response)
𝑥𝑝 (𝑡) = 𝑋 sin(𝜔𝑡 − 𝜙) (particular solution for 𝐹 = 𝐹𝑂 sin 𝜔𝑡)
Response at Resonance: 𝑥(𝑡) = lim (𝑥ℎ (𝑡) + 𝑥𝑝 (𝑡))
𝜔→ 𝜔𝑛
I for rectangular cross section area is,
𝒃𝒉𝟑
𝑰=
𝟏𝟐

I for circular cross section area is,

𝝅𝒅𝟒
𝑰=
𝟔𝟒