working in hard water, high concentrations of heavy metal ions and low pH environments ail - NI also has 1 hydrophilic part and hydrophobic one. when dissolved in solution will not dissolve into ions h 4@é ayo propylefi-oxl, poly glycol, } peer , sorbitol an | agpin \Y Hydrophobic: alkylphenol, amine, mercaptan RSH, fatty acid, long chain amide Hydrophilic p: di -NI has a high washability, but is inferior” to the corresponding ions. The NI has less foam t the corresponding ions. The washability is highly dependent on the hydrophobic group length and the - (CjH,O) group one.- 3 methods to synthesize NI - The most common method is to use the reaction of ethylene oxide with a long-chain organic compound with a flexible H. ROH + NCHs-CHy R-(OCH2CH2),0H Polyoxyethylene (POE)- Reaction of long chain fatty acid or its ester with alkanolamines such as diethanolamine, monoethanolamine ... CH,OH cnn hol > RCOOH + HN~ ee + HO aaa ont heyt (ArH N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl) octadecanamide- Methods of esterification of glycol, polyols such as glycerol, polyethylene glycol and sorbitol with fatty acids CH-OH R-COOH + GH-o (ole) -H20 ile ase ae a monoglyceride long chain fatty acidFrom alkyl phenol p< ons +n Vy Pie r—{ (00st \OH Polyoxy ethylenated alkylphenol (R : C, octyl phenol)rh OD) 1 ~ - gobs - 0.5% on Na,CO,, Kon Ko -The reaction is strongly exothermic, the increasing temperature will reduce the product quality, so a cooling system is required. - Some by products:- acetaldehyde OH Sno’. CH3-CHO fo) - glycol: ean recep, CHgO + H2O —“s HO-CHy-CHyOH —2 4° , Polyethylene glycol - H,O Ox. + NaOH == oa + HO- Olefine: fs aaa {)-0-ohy cre Oct clo 2 R-( Ofc cH-o-cHecH - aldol : (CH,-CH=CH-CHO ———~ plasticization i e CH;CHO + CH,cHO OF. ER -Ho lea > cooling, using inert gas to remove air before loading ethylene oxidealkaline solutions, ompatib anion and cation ‘N_typewhen used in the mixture - highly washable and emulsifyingwith ethylene oxide polyethylene glycol é 1 eR nt () pA \Y rd . te se »With ethylene oxide RCOOH + n CH»—-CHy RCOO(-CH-CH-O),H Polyoxyethylene fatty acid (ethoxylated fatty acid) Catalyst: KOH, NaOH, CH30Na, C,H;ONa, Na ,CO3, K,CO3With poly etylen glycol i oxole]s Me LHC) (71510) 15 Mice eon 071), Polyoxyethylene fatty acid (ethoxylated fatty acid) Catalyst: sulfuric, acid sulfonicFROM ALCOL ROH +n CH-CH> R-O(-CH3-CH>-O),H eg. Ethoxylated Isotridecyl Alcohol oO eg.Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether fatty alcohol based Catalyst: KOH, NaOH, CH,ONa, Na,CO, t=120-200°C P= 1-1.4 atmFROM: - amine: er Koa) al RNH, + nCzH,O R—N b> (C2H4O)nH Ethoxylated alkylamine eg.tetraoxyethylene dodecylamine [C12NH (E0)4 - amide: : orured sl Petes ee pej cia cen (ernred al Sai ome A-T (6 (od - Mercaptan: eel ee n oe RS (-CH 9-C H.p-On)att