Systematic analysis of simple salt S1-Lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2

PRELIMNARY TESTS
S.No Experiment Observation Inference
1. Colour: Colourless Absence of copper and
Colour of the salt is noted iron salts
2. Solubility: Soluble May be sulphate, nitrate,
A small amount of salt is dissolved chloride, phosphate or
in distilled water bromide
3 Action of Heat: A reddish brown gas Presence of nitrate
A small amount of the salt is taken with fishy odour
in a dry test tube and heated gently
4 Flame test: No characteristic Absence of copper,
A small amount of the salt is made coloured flame calcium and barium
into a paste with a few drops of
concentrated hydro chloric acid.
Take the paste at the charred end of
the splinter and introduced near the
bunsen flame
5 Action of dilute hydrochloric acid: A reddish brown gas Presence of nitrate
To a small amount of the salt dilute with fishy odour turning
hydrochloric acid is added and a moised ferrous
heated sulphate paper brown
evolves
6 Action of Con.Sulphuric acid: Reddish brown gas Presence of nitrate
To a small amount of salt turning acidified ferrous
concentrated sulphuric acid is sulphate paper green
added and heated. evolves
7 Action of MnO2 and Con. H2SO4: No Characteristic gas is Absence of Chloride and
To a small amount of salt is mixed evolved Bromide
with a pinch of MnO2 and add few
drops of Con.H2SO4 and heated.
8. Action of Copper turnings: A reddish brown gas Presence of nitrate
A small amount of salt is heated with fishy odour turning
with copper turnings and a moised ferrous
concentrated sulphuric acid. sulphate paper brown
evolves
9. Action of Sodium Hydroxide: No pungent smelling gas Absence of Ammonium
A small amount of salt is heated evolved salt
with sodium Hydroxide solution
10. Chromyl chloride test: No yellow precipitate is Absence of Chloride
To a small amount of salt a pinch of obtained
solid potassium dichromate is
added and heated with a few drops
of concentrated sulphuric acid. Pass
the vapours in to dilute sodium
hydroxide solution. If a yellow
solution is obtained, add dil.acetic
acid and lead acetate solution
 PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT
A small amount of the salt is mixed with twice the amount of solid sodium carbonate in a
beaker. 20ml of distilled water is added and the solution is boiled for ten minutes, cooled
and then filtered. The filtrate is called “Sodium Carbonate extract”.

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

11. Silver Nitrate test: No characteristic Absence of chloride,
To a few drops of the extract, change bromide and sulphide
dilute nitric acid is added until
the effervescence ceases and
2ml of silver Nitrate solution is
added.
12. Lead Acetate Test: No white precipitate is Absence of sulphate
To a few drops of the extract, formed.
dilute acitic acid is added until
the effervescence ceases and
2ml of acetate solution is added.
13 Barium Chloride Test: No white precipitate is Absence of sulphate
To a few drops of the extract, obtained.
dilute hydro chloric acid is added
until the effervescence ceases
and 2ml of barium chloride
solution is added.
14. Brown Ring test: Brown ring is formed Presence of Nitrate is
To a few drops of the extract, confirmed
dilute sulphuric acid is added
until the effervescence ceases.
The solution is treated with a
freshly prepared ferrous
sulphate solution and then
concentrated sulphuric acid is
added in drops along the inner
side of the test tube
15. Ammonium Molybdate test: No canary yellow Absence of Phosphate
To a few drops of the extract, precipitate is formed.
dilute nitric acid is added until
the effervescence ceases and
1ml of ammonium molybdate
and con.nitric acid in drops
16. Sodium nitroprusside test: No purple or violet Absence of Sulphide
To a few drops of the extract, colouration appeared
add 1ml of ammonium
hydroxide and few drops of
Sodium nitroprusside
 IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICALS
Preparation of salt solution for the analysis of cations:
To a small amount of the salt is added with 2 to 3 ml of distilled water, shake and gently heat
it. This solution is called original solution
ZERO GROUP

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 To 1 ml of the original solution a No reddish brown Absence of
few drops of Nessier’s reagent precipitate is obtained ammonium salt
and excess of sodium hydroxide
solution is added.

GROUP SEPARATION

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 To a few drops of the original White precipitate is Presence of group
solution 2ml of dilute obtained 1(Lead).
hydrochloric acid is added

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Lead (Group1):
To the original salt solution 1 ml
of potassium iodide is added. To
the yellow precipitate and about
1ml of water boil and cool
A Yellow precipitate is Lead is confirmed
obtained. The yellow
precipitate dissolves on
boiling and on cooling
golden spangles appears.

Result:
The given simple salt contains
Acid radical. Nitrate.
Basic Radical. Lead.
Hence the simple salt is: Lead Nitrate.