1.

0 INTRODUCTION

Some are conscious and some are unconsciousness about the burden they bear when
they are working. In this assignment, will be focuses on the impact of overworking in the
employee motivation. We will see how overworking will give a bad result to the employee
while working and how does it effect the performance of the organization. Other than that,
this assignment will use Pos Malaysia as the organization that faced with such problems as
overworked and see how it can impact the output of the organization.

1.1 THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

According to Swanson, human resource development is a process of developing and/

unleashing human expertise through organization development and personnel training and
development for the purpose of improving the performance (Swanson, 1995). In this day, we
tend to see human or the employee as an important asset of a company which will bring the
success of the organization also from Ali, their performance is a key indicator for the
organization to achieve their goals (Zeb, Abdullah, Javaid, & Muhammad Asad Khan, 2018).
By this, we can see that they are the source that carry on the organization to becoming
success according to the performance they conduct. Human capital management can be
defined as managing the

To achieve certain goal, the skills of the human capital is needed is making sure that
the organization can run well. The importance of the human capital management to the
organization is that it is required in hiring, managing, training and retaining talented and high
performing employees (Juneja, n.d.). More, they are needed in order to make sure that the
new employees that being selected feel comfortable in the organization also to make sure that
the value of the employee is being considered by the human resource and the manager so
there is no problem in the organization regarding the employees. Because without them there
is no such thing as output for the organization to run smoothly.

1.2 THE CONCEPT OF OVERWORKING

According to the Cambridge Dictionary overwork means to (cause someone to) work
too much. Overwork can be happened if there is a significant amount of overtime. Other than
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that, by having a bunch of work that is too much for them to handle or having an unbalance
work-life can become overwork. Overworking can cause harmful effects on an employee’s
health. If there is more employee or a whole group of employees that suffers from overwork,
it can give a huge problem or a negative effect on the organization (JOIN Solution AG,
2023). Some of the case we can see is that there are some managers that want the employee
to complete the task

1.3 BACKGROUND OF POS MALAYSIA

According to the website, Pos Malaysia start int the early of 1800s when the postal
services were first introduced the Straits Settlement of Penang, Singapore and Malacca (Pos
Malaysia Berhad, n.d.). It is start when the British rule the Malayan country back in the day
and to be estimated about over 200 years old now days and it is among the oldest companies
in Southeast Asia. British colonial helped a lot in upgrading the services of the post
department. During the time, Pos Malaysia just offered a service such as receiving and
delivering letter services that is by using dispatch rider to get the letter from the people and
take the money as wages before using the stamp (Berita Harian, New Straits Times (M) Bhd,
2021). In 1902, the postal services becoming more effective when the British combined the
postal department and the telegraph department altogether (Koh, Hamzah, & Mat, 2020).
With perfect administration by the British it has increased the infrastructure of the postal
services exist, also give more new facilities to take care of the people welfare. The reform
given many benefits to the British and the foreigner when in strait countries and the Malay
lands (Koh, Hamzah, & Mat, 2020).

Nowadays, Pos Malaysia still remain competitive according to the current

development and the market. The organization has developed in encourage the cooperation in
the postal services field also improving postal relations between countries to make sure that
the service can run smoothly. Pos Malaysia remains connected with more than 200 postal
operators worldwide. More than that, the organization has launched their own digital platform
to enhance the customer services. With this experience they don’t just posting mail and
parcels, selling stamp and so on but they can also make the customer can self-serve their
customs clearance on any device which can help them by saving time (Pos Malaysia Berhad,
2022). Such as, the customers can pay their clearance fee and taxes online on omnichannel
chatbot, more by providing customers a variety choices of payment methods and etcetera
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(Pos Malaysia Berhad, 2022). To make sure that they achieved the expectation from the
customers, E-Commerce Fulfilment Solution (EFS) has been introduced by the Pos Laju.
Most of the customer like the EPS services to be connect with e-commerce platforms such as
Lazada, Shopee, Shopify and many more e-commerce that can be offered. The EPS
customers will get the end-to-end services offered by the organization, customer can check
the inventory status, real time stock count, and the delivering process. All of this to make sure
the sellers can manage their product efficiently (Pos Malaysia Berhad, 2021).

POS LAJU ACHIEVEMENT

Pos Laju Malaysia has received so much achievement throughout the time of their
service. This is some of the awards that the organization have receives. Such as Superbrands
Malaysia in 2015 till 2016, Frost & Sullivan from 2017 till 2020 and comeback in 2022 as the
Best Practices Awards for Malaysia e-Commerce Company of the Year (Pos Malaysia
Berhad, n.d.).

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2.0 ISSUE

Pos Malaysia has a national network and the largest retail network in the world with
more than 1,000 contact points. Pos Malaysia Outlets, Pos24 (Self Service Terminals), Post-
On-Wheels (Mobile Outlets), Post Officers, and Stamp Agents are all covered. Pos Malaysia
is always the first business to encounter a challenge at a difficult period, such as COVID-19.
Compared to other competitors, they change the operating hours of the company to
accommodate customer demand. Because pos laju service can deliver on time during
business hours, many clients prefer to use it. Early in the morning, Pos Malaysia personnel
get to work. They handle the package and paper and identify the item that will be delivered to
the customer's home by each employee. The contestants begin their

In the state of South East Asia, Pos Malaysia operates a network of 650 post offices.
Pos Malaysia offers complete logistics solutions, which include services like container
storage, transport, warehousing, and delivery, goods forwarding, shipping agents, and
customs and port clearance. Besides Pos laju is available closer to the homes of the
customers. To access the Pos Laju service, customers don't have to travel very far. Pos laju
has no trouble delivering packages or documents in rural locations. When the customer
requests, the delivery is dispatched on time. Due to transportation and topographical
challenges, private courier services occasionally enlist Pos Laju's assistance in delivering
goods to rural areas that are out of their reach.

Overworking occurs more frequently than we would want. Antosz (2018) provides a
review of previous research that used game theory, experiments, or quantitative studies in
businesses to highlight the significance of elements including monitoring procedures,
payment plans, types of work, organisational structures, personal engagement, and employee
empowerment. In this study, we explore how options for shirking and overworking are
created by the organisational structure of the workplace. In a single mechanism, coded as a
computational model, we synthesise the findings of actual investigations and hypotheses from
several theoretical perspectives. It was decided to adopt agent-based modelling because it
highlights the emergent nature of shirking and overworking, which can result from
interactions between managers and employees.

In addition, team members who are enthusiastic about their work have favourable
attributes, and this culture has come to value and accept overworking. Good workers

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frequently accept or feel pressured to take on more shifts or projects, which leads to
unaccounted-for and unpaid overtime. And studies have shown that this results in errors of
judgement and workplace accidents connected to exhaustion, as well as the possibility of
mental and physical sickness.

Many studies have found a link between depression and long workdays. The
likelihood of experiencing depression and anxiety increased when working more than 34
hours per week, 55 hours per week, and 48 hours per week. In a recent study, Ogawa et al.
looked at how long workweeks affected depression symptoms in Japanese residents and
found that, in comparison to those who worked less than 60 hours per week, those who
worked 80 to 99.9 hours per week and more than 99.9 hours per week had a 2.83 and 6.96
higher risk of developing depression, respectively. However, some studies have demonstrated
a relationship between a lower likelihood of developing cancer and working between 41 and
55 hours per week and between 41 and 52 hours per week.

One condition that has been linked to lengthy work hours is diabetes mellitus. It has a
connection to daily diet and lengthy working hours, and extended hours at the office may lead
employees to alter their dietary patterns. Some research, however, contends that working
hours and diabetes mellitus have a negative link. It's complicated to determine how working
overtime affects diabetes mellitus.

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3.0 IMPACT

There has been a rise in mental health cases worldwide in recent years. Mental health
issues are the fourth leading cause of death, and they occur among those aged 15 to 29.
People with severe mental health problems will be at risk of dying two decades early. To
provide 100 million additional people with access to high-quality and reasonably priced care
for mental health conditions in 12 priority countries, WHO established the WHO special
initiative for mental health (2019–2023): universal health coverage for mental health in 2019.
The issue of overworking is very much related to mental health problems because the
individual works too hard without getting enough rest, which disturbs mental health. Our
body has normal limits for work. If it exceeds that limit continuously, the individual will
experience mental health problems such as stress, depression, or anxiety. The reason a person
overworks is for his work to be done quickly or for their pay to increase. Only for that reason
are we finally willing to use our rest time to work.

Aside from that, overworked employees will be less productive, and the quality of
work will be low. An exhausted body will make it difficult to concentrate on tasks that the
company requires. A tired body will disturb the focus to do something that the employer
wants. In addition, such individuals will often make small mistakes due to their mind being
disturbed due to lack of sleep and rest. The effect can be seen through work results that may
not satisfy the employer and may result in the individual being fired. Making a to-do list is a
technique to increase productivity in the workplace. Each task must be completed one at a
time so you can focus on the most important first. You can keep track of the tasks you are
working on by using the task list. Avoid being forced to complete work on the same day; this
will make you overwork, and the quality of your work will decrease. Employees should
manage themselves well since they are aware of their capabilities and limitations.

Continuity from excessive work pressure can also disturb the physiology of the
worker which can easily result in fatigue and heart attack. The stress experienced by
employees who have exceeded the working time limit that would be able to lower the
immune hormones in the body. When this immune hormone is low, it is easier for a worker to

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have a heart attack (Zafir Khan, 2022). His body will unable to fight the attack which resulted
in him being hospitalized. In 2020, Malaysia recorded that the majority of population deaths
were caused by heart attacks. This disease is the main cause and has the highest death rate
record in Malaysia which is 17% in that year (MalaysiaGazette, 2021). According to the
argument, as many as 12,707 (68.6%) deaths from this disease are among men, while women
are as many as 5,808 (31.4%). This is due to the fact that married women do not continue
their careers and only become housewives for their husbands and their entire families. So that
factor has resulted in many of those affected by this attack being among men who work
overtime. They want to get a higher salary to support their family's life where now the price
of necessities has increased. According to the commentary, headline and core inflation are
expected to moderate but remain high in 2023 amid lingering cost and demand pressures. The
Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), Tan Sri Shamsiah Mohd Yunus, said in the near
term, core inflation is expected to remain high partly due to the effect of low expectations in
the first half of 2022.

In addition, as a result of working overtime can also reduce the time employees have
to spend with their families. Even when they come home from work, they have experienced
exhaustion (burnout) where it is quite extreme fatigue in terms of physical and mental. This
can cause various personal problems between the employee and his family. This tense
situation can result in children and spouses becoming withdrawn and distant. It is possible if
spouses and children start looking for substitutes such as gadgets, social media or illegal
substances (Zafir Khan, 2019). The social impact in this era of globalization is very
dangerous because many undesirable things can happen. For example, a wife gets to know an
outside man and starts to get to know each other well or even beyond the status of friends.
This matter can drag on until an unwanted illicit relationship occurs. This is due to time
constraints between the husband and wife. Next, the social impact on children is that they are
exposed to forbidden things as a result of being influenced by their peers. Bad peer influence
can result in a child getting hooked on illegal substances. This is possible because they get
less attention than a father who is busy working excessively. Facts show that a child trusts his
peers more than his parents. Therefore, a working man should limit his working time and
start dividing his time more regularly and balanced. This can provide space and time for the
whole family to have opportunities together and strengthen family ties. Togetherness between
families is very important as it can maintain the happiness of the wife and children. They

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need a lot of love and attention in order to build a happy family and strengthen the
relationship between husband and wife.

4.0 SUGGESTIONS TO SOLVE THE OVERWORKING ISSUE

In order to solve the problem of overworking among the employees of Pos Malaysia,
there are several points that we can recommend as recommendations to said company. One
such recommendation is to open more job opportunities for people to join in the workforce.
This is because the said overworking problem was caused by the dwindling number of
employees working inside the corporation. This may got more to do with the fact that Pos
Malaysia had cut said jobs due to budget constraint and in making sure that the company still
run profitable. Yet with this move, it has hurt the company's performance in the long run. So,
Pos Malaysia should be willing to spend a bit more in expanding its workforce in order for it
to run its operations better.

Another point now we can use as a recommendation for Pos Malaysia east to gear its
focus from just delivery of parcels and letters to logistics especially international ones. This is
due to the fact that while letters and parcels are still important, letters are less so nowadays as
compared to parcels and far more significant is the fact that logistics is much more in demand
now than as ever. This is due to the rise of e-commerce, social media and the global reliance
on international trade. Such an increase is to the advantage of Pos Malaysia since they can
gear their business operation more towards that while keeping their original business
operation intact.

More than that, beside we overcome it individual or as an organization. We can say

that the role of the manager plays a very huge part in overcoming the issues of overworking
in any organization including Pos Malaysia which need to manage hundreds of employees
throughout the work they do. Managers is the person who overseeing and leading the work of
a number group of people. They are the people that need to bring the good results out of
everyone in the organization to make sure that they can bring the best outcomes and growth
for the employees also the organization as wellInvalid source specified.. The manager holds a

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unique position in every department, many employees look to their leader as for guidance and
encouragementInvalid source specified.. One of the roles that the manager have is to give
motivation to the employees whose have problem in their work. Keeping all the employees
motivated may not an easy work but it is crucial to encourage the employee to give their best
in their work. In order for the workers to be motivated, manager can start by finding the root
that causes overworking to the staff, listening to the employees is one of the fastest ways to
identify the problem or can listen all the vent and frustration that they hold while working in
the industry and make it as a survey tool to ensure that it can be used to overcome the issues
in the organization for the future reference. By listening to the problems the manager can
make many adjustment for the organization such as providing strategic schedules, providing
new job opportunities and much more. Other than that, giving encourage to the workers can
help them to feel more appreciated for knowing that the higher up takes consideration about
their hardships.

Nowdays, entering the world of work is one of the achievements that

individuals desire. However, the individual's involvement in work is not necessarily what he
likes. This is because,the individual has to compete with tens of thousands of people to fit in
the job they want to apply for. In addition, it is good news for someone when they succeed in
getting a position or a job they dream of. This situation is because they believe that with a job
they can increase their income and change their lives for the better. This change not only
involves their lives, but it will also change the lives of all their family members with jobs that
can guarantee their future. For example, doctors, teachers and police officers. However, it is
different from jobs that involve the delivery of goods such as Express Post. This is because,
there are various issues that arise and are said to be often experienced by their employees that
involve the issue of overtime for work. This situation is because the quantity of goods that
need to be delivered every day is increasing. Thus, the situation will be worse when the same
number of workers are used for the increasing quantity of goods that need to be delivered.
Therefore, this problem must be solved as soon as possible to prevent this problem from
continuing.

Among the measures that can be implemented to curb this problem is to create a duty
schedule and a private schedule for employees. This is because, to avoid the problem of
overlapping and unfair duty hours for all employees. In this way, employees will perform
tasks according to the schedule set by their employer so that they do not work overtime again

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in the future. In addition, with the existence of a private schedule prepared by the employees
themselves, this will make it easier for them to carry out tasks with a predetermined period of
time. This is because, they can make plans through the schedule they make themselves
because. Furthermore, they can also plan what tasks need to be completed on the day they are
assigned to work. Therefore, this situation also helps employees in organizing their work
patterns according to the time that has been allocated to work. For example, they already list
all the tasks that need to be completed that day. Therefore, making a work schedule is an
important aspect to make it easier for employees to do tasks smoothly and efficiently.

Next, showing up early to the workplace is a step that can be implemented by

individuals to solve overtime work problems. This is because, individuals or employees who
come early to the workplace have more time to complete the tasks that are given and that
need to be completed that day. This situation also helps them a lot in the allocation of time
that has been given to an employee. Directly, people or individuals who present themselves
early to the workplace get enough time to complete their tasks that day while for workers
who come later have a great potential to return later than the set time schedule. This happens
because, they do not have enough time to complete their tasks that day. So, this also causes
them to work more than their normal working hours. This situation causes them to feel
uncomfortable with this situation because they see their colleagues can go home earlier than
them. Therefore, showing up to work early can prevent them from working more than their
working hours.

Futhermore, avoid environmental disturbances during working hours. This is because,

there are many workers today who lose sight of the distractions in the work environment that
can interfere with consistency and determination to work. This situation also often happens
with close friends, relatives or other family members. The environment will be more easily
disturbed when there are contacts who also work in the same place. For example, talking
nonsense at work, playing on the mobile phone at work and joking around for a long time.
Therefore, this not only wastes their time with useless things but also can cause their working
hours to be longer and longer because they are unable to complete tasks in the period that has
been set while on duty. So, this also interferes with their working patterns by tending to work
overtime to complete their overdue tasks. Therefore, we should avoid any distractions in our
environment because it can cause us to be negligent in not completing the tasks that we
should complete.

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 Moreover, we can also avoid taking over other people's jobs. This is because, taking
over other people's tasks or work can add to the burden we feel at work. Furthermore, this
situation also causes our work to be delayed for a long period of time to be completed. This
situation not only has an impact on the individual, but even more on the individual's
performance. This kind of situation cannot be allowed because it can damage our own good
name because there is too much work that we cannot finish in the time that has been set.
Therefore, the appropriate action to take is to try to be selfish by focusing on one's own tasks
rather than completing other people's tasks. Indirectly, the workload will not increase if we
do not help to complete other people's tasks that they do not have the effort to complete.
Therefore, we should be selfish first before thinking about others so that we don't regret it
later.

5.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, all the behavior of an individual to achieve a quality level of

employment in an organization is very closely related to the level of the individual in the
management of his work. This is said to be because, motivation is a cognitive process that has
a relationship that is related to the way a person manages quality work goals before starting a
job. Therefore, before an individual knows the level of motivation of his work in advance the
individual needs to be applied with the real goal of working which is to achieve the best
quality in every job done. Strictly speaking, an individual will work hard because of the
motivational impulse to fulfill all the necessary needs in life. This earnest work will directly
help the individual to achieve quality work goals in their work as well as to be able to
advance the organization. Of course, the level of quality achieved will encourage the
individual to be more motivated to achieve optimal quality of work.

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