HANOI UNIVERSITY

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THE FORMATION OF UNITED NATIONS

Group 14
Nguyễn Vũ Trung - 1906080139
Võ Hoàng Khánh Linh – 2206080080
Date: 4/12
 WORLD HISTORY REPORT: UNITED NATIONS

The United Nations (UN) is a preeminent intergovernmental organization with the

primary objectives of maintaining global peace and security, fostering friendly
relations among nations, promoting international cooperation, and serving as a hub
for coordinating the actions of nations. The United Nations (UN), the world's
largest international organization, was established in 1945 in the aftermath of
World War II, as nations sought a platform to maintain peace, foster friendly
relations, and prevent the recurrence of global conflict. Representatives from 50
countries, led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union,
convened at the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San
Francisco to draft and sign the UN Charter.

The UN Charter, the foundational document of the organization, articulates its core
principles and goals, encompassing the preservation of peace, the promotion of
human rights, and the facilitation of social and economic development through
international collaboration. Over the course of history, the UN has played pivotal
roles, particularly during the Cold War, mediating conflicts and averting escalation
between major powers.

The UN's structure comprises six main organs, each with distinct functions. The
General Assembly, representing all 193 member states, is the primary deliberative
and policymaking body, while the Security Council, responsible for peace and
security, can impose sanctions or authorize the use of force when necessary. The
International Court of Justice, based in The Hague, settles legal disputes among
member states, offering advisory opinions on pertinent legal questions. The
Secretariat, led by the Secretary-General, oversees the day-to-day operations of the
UN and advocates for the organization's ideals. The Economic and Social Council
serves as the principal forum for coordinating economic, social, and environmental
policies, facilitating discussions on sustainable development. Finally, the
Trusteeship Council, initially established to supervise trust territories, suspended
its operations in 1994 after successfully guiding territories toward self-government
and independence.
Despite these achievements, the UN grapples with various challenges, including
issues related to the Security Council's structure, the efficacy of peacekeeping
missions, and resource constraints. However, its continued efforts and adaptability
are essential for addressing global challenges and advancing its overarching
mission of promoting peace, cooperation, and development on a worldwide scale.

The United Nations' primary objective is maintaining global peace and stability. It
works to prevent conflicts, settle disputes, and ensure worldwide stability. The UN
achieves this through peacekeeping missions, diplomatic negotiations, arms
control, sanctions for peace breaches, and supporting peace-building after
conflicts. The aim is fostering peaceful coexistence among nations, resolving
disputes through dialogue, and preventing conflicts from escalating. Another
significant goal revolves around promoting human rights universally. It focuses on
eradicating discrimination, ensuring equality, and upholding human dignity for all.
Covering civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, it includes rights
like freedom of expression, education, healthcare, and fair treatment under the law.
The third goal centers on fostering sustainable development, aiming to tackle
global challenges while ensuring a balanced, fair, and environmentally mindful
future.

The UN's core peacekeeping function involves deploying missions to conflict

zones. These missions aim to maintain peace, protect civilians, and support peace
processes in affected areas. Another critical function is in international law and
diplomacy. The UN acts as a platform where member states negotiate, establish,
and uphold international laws, covering human rights, disarmament, trade,
environmental protection, and war conduct. It promotes dialogue among nations to
resolve disputes peacefully, avoiding larger conflicts. The UN encourages
collaboration among member states to address shared global challenges like
poverty, climate change, migration, and health crises. It fosters partnerships for
coordinated efforts and joint initiatives. Lastly, the UN focuses on humanitarian aid
in crisis regions. It involves emergency relief, support for refugees and displaced
persons, coordination of relief efforts, and long-term recovery and rehabilitation to
rebuild affected communities.

The United Nations (UN) has achieved significant milestones in its mission to
maintain global peace and security, mediate conflicts, and promote international
development. Through its peacekeeping missions, the UN has played a pivotal role
in numerous conflict zones, fostering ceasefires and facilitating political and social
reconstruction. Notable successes include conflict resolution in Namibia, El
Salvador, Mozambique, and Cambodia. The implementation of the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) from 2000 to 2015 marked a focused effort to
eradicate poverty, enhance education, promote gender equality, and combat
diseases, with substantial progress achieved. Building on this, the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in 2015 to address a broader spectrum
of social, economic, and environmental challenges by 2030. Additionally, UN
agencies such as UNICEF and the World Food Programme (WFP) have played
crucial roles in providing humanitarian aid, food assistance, and healthcare in
conflict zones, natural disasters, and impoverished regions. The World Health
Organization (WHO), a UN agency, has been pivotal in global efforts to combat
infectious diseases, improve healthcare, and promote public health.
However, the UN faces significant challenges in its pursuit of these goals.
Peacekeeping missions, exemplified by the complexities faced in South Sudan,
encounter obstacles related to ethnic tensions and multiple armed groups,
hindering the achievement of sustainable peace. Global health crises, exemplified
by the COVID-19 pandemic, underscore the need for a coordinated response, with
challenges arising in vaccine distribution, the spread of misinformation, and
varying national strategies. The Security Council's structure and decision-making
processes present another challenge, as seen in the ongoing conflict in Syria, where
repeated use of veto power impedes the Council's ability to formulate a unified
response. Despite these challenges, the UN continues to adapt and strive towards
its overarching mission of fostering international cooperation, peace, and
sustainable development on a global scale.
 REFERENCES

1. Munual, T. (2015, September 12). UN structure. The Munual 模聯手冊.

https://munual.philkuo.com/un-structure/
2. Bodansky, D. (2017, January 20). The Paris Climate Change Agreement: A
new hope?: American Journal of International law. Cambridge Core.
https://doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.110.2.0288

3. Walter, B. F. (2009, August 27). Reputation and Civil War: Why separatist
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https://legal.un.org/ola.