Distance

d(, F) ( u,-45-1 Cuz V25

:

= -

"

Icu,u ) (
ul 4) -
+ Cuz _
v25 -110595

Collinear :
•
Vectors need to have the same Zero in the same spot
The
components have the same ratio
'

non-zero

Ui =
U2=h} to find if
they have the same scalar

, v2 V3 multiple Distance from =

alp , ) ibcpzstclp
-

} ) - d

point to line
'
a- + bztc

Unit vector : u opposite Unit vector : u

( Pi Pi , PD
,
u u

Distance when vi. (Q P)

given
-

i. j ,
K Notation : 0=1,40 normal and 2 points 11h71
j= 0,20
= 0,0 ,
2-

Dot product :
Uiiuz .us
'

vi. his = UM -1 Uzvztuzy COS @ = ~ .

llñllllvll

product
U, 4243 4 "
243
cross : UX virus 444

Area of parallelogram : lñxv

Area of
triangle :{ llñxvll
-

Volume of
parallelepiped ul
-

a :

normal vector (in) : ◦

negative reciprocal of : if Ñ= n
, ,nz >
_
nun ,
•

nt normal form : Ñ I F Point parallel form

-

✗ CH
-

,vz,V,
-

+
-

p pups
.

= .
,
v,
,

hi / nzyh } XD Z Pi / Pz ,p}
.

, -

[
Zara metric ears .
-

A) = Vit +
Pi
standard form ñ I : -

rip =
, yet)=kt
+
Pz

hi / Myth}
'

XD /
Z = ( hyhzihz '

Pypyps ZCt= V3 C- +
pz

Two-point form : 71T)= t

pi / Pup} £91,949s

Distance from Plane axtbytcz =D

point to plane
aqitbqztlqjd/
a a
-

Distance of
Qlqiitz ,q3 ) from
Q a 2+62+5

{ plane ñ .li -

f) =o
Distance In / E- PJI
=
.
> 11kt / = a2 -1546
11h71
 Examples of Orthogonality Test and Cosine Formula in m-space
the values of K for which vectors [ 4K-2,3 -40 ) and ↳ 1,2k
example 1 find
:
,
I
,
I -

K)
,

are
orthogonal
11,1<-2,3 ,
-2,0 ) .

(3. 1,2K 1,1-14=0

,

3+1<-2+31214-2--0
3 -1k -2+71<-2--0
7k = I

k=t
7

Intersection of two lines

Find the intersection lines
point of the
following
using the first equation
{
act)=t C-

{
✗ G) =
2s = 2s into the 2nd equation
5-2
yet)=2E -11 YCS) =
ZCZS ) -11=52
2- (f) = f- I 2-61--45+1 45+1 =
5-2

4s s
Set the
corresponding components equal to eachother -2-1
-

35 =-3

C- = 2s 5=-1

2++1=5-2
E-1=45+1 Intersection
point is
7C 1)-
= 2C 1) -
= 2

the poi (3-3-3)

'

I 2=-3 is
yob
-
-

= . .

2-
C-D= 4C 1) +1=-3
-

Examples of Intersection of hyperplane and a line

find the POI ofthe the line ✗ 4-1-4411 -11+42,440
Hyperplane 7, -1%-1%-1×4=3
,
with

1) Tofihd the intersection

¥:: : ::
step X CH = ZE -13
,

1) find line
parametric equations of the
7341 i
£-11 2)
plug parametric equation into the equation
of the
hyperplane
3) solve fort

stop 2) (21-+3)+(6-+1) 41 t into

-2 Ct -43+31-11--3 play the parametric equ .

Ztt } + ttl -21--2-3--3 and find the intersection point

t -1--3
t=y
Steps

step 4) 7, (4) = 2141+3=11

poi (145,51-1)
The
'

141+1 5
xzuy = =
- .

Buy =
(4) + I = 5

Xylh) =
-1 =
-
I
 Examples of Distance of Point From A Plane

example find
the distance of the
given point from the given plane

1) C- 440) from the plane

point 3×-42+2=-1
Distance Q
191,82 / 8D = lag , + bqztcq, dl - distance _- 13L-11+1-41121+1191
from d FEE
axtbytcz 32+42+12
-

= 1-3-81
ME
= 1-111
it
= 11
( 01010) 26
(1) the origin from the plane (4-41)-(5-4,921)=0
Distance / vi. ( a- pjl distance Ill -4111010,0 ) -1402 ) I
=
,

11h71 t
= ( ( 1 , -2,1 ) (-1,01-2) /
'

6
= -1+0-2
V6
=
¥6
XD point (3,4-2) from the plan which is through (-4-1/-1) and parallel to
vectors ñ -10,431 and 8--1-4911
1.
point (-4-4-1) ① ñ=u×V ② point humid 9h :( 1 -3,1) Gx,y,z) ,
-

(-1,4-0)=0
2: around vector ñ (01437×1-40,1) =

=
(4-3,1) ③ distance :
(4-3,1)-341 -4-(-1,4-1)
,

12-132+12
(11-3,1)-14,2 ,
-1 )
=

"

=
fit ¥ ,