2.

11 Water storage tank (elevated)

DESIGN GUIDELINE

1800 454 500 | mail@gvwater.vic.gov.au www.gvwater.vic.gov.au

 2.11 Design Guideline - Water storage tank (elevated)

Title 2.11 Design Guideline - Water storage tank (elevated)

System Asset Management
Reference Number QDOC/749
Approved By Michael Welk
Next review date 15 July 2025

Note: With each edit to this document, the following must be completed. Also if a
document is being reviewed and there are no changes, it should be noted that the review
was undertaken and the next review date updated.

Details of Review/Changes

Date Description Modified By Approved By

1/09/2018 Draft A. Glasson M Welk
1/04/2019 Updated electrical standards Adam Glasson Grant Barry
1/09/2021 Full review Adam Glasson Jacinta
O’Connor

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 2.11 Design Guideline - Water storage tank (elevated)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents.......................................................................................................................3
Description .................................................................................................................................5
Objective.....................................................................................................................................5
Risk .............................................................................................................................................5
Reference Documents...............................................................................................................6
Schematic Plan ..........................................................................................................................7
Component Description ............................................................................................................8
1. Tank .............................................................................................................................8
2. Storage Volume...........................................................................................................8
3. Site ...............................................................................................................................9
4. Disinfection Design .....................................................................................................9
5. SCADA and Monitoring................................................................................................9
6. Inlet and Outlet mains..............................................................................................10
7. Pipework....................................................................................................................11
8. Sample Point.............................................................................................................11
9. Sample Water Point/Line.........................................................................................12
10. Scour .........................................................................................................................12
11. Overflow.....................................................................................................................12
12. Steel Lined Tanks .....................................................................................................13
13. Cathodic Protection ..................................................................................................13
14. Metallurgy..................................................................................................................13
15. Reference Markings .................................................................................................13
16. Roof ...........................................................................................................................13
17. Roof Access Hatch and Work Platform ...................................................................14
18. Tank Platform............................................................................................................14
19. Fall Restraint System ...............................................................................................15
20. Tank Finish................................................................................................................15
21. Tank Cleaning ...........................................................................................................16
22. Water Quality Compliance........................................................................................16
23. Challenge testing ......................................................................................................16
24. Tank Access ..............................................................................................................16
25. External Lighting .......................................................................................................17
26. Perimeter Fence and Gate .......................................................................................17
27. Access Track .............................................................................................................17

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 2.11 Design Guideline - Water storage tank (elevated)

28. Parking ......................................................................................................................18

Site Photos...............................................................................................................................18
Appendices ..............................................................................................................................18

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 2.11 Design Guideline - Water storage tank (elevated)

DESCRIPTION
The elevated water supply storage tank is a component of the reticulation system that in
total provides 8 hour minimum reserve storage at peak day plus an allowance for diurnal
fluctuations and is positioned on a suitable tank stand.

For tanks located on elevated ground refer to 2.8 Water Storage Tank (Ground) – Design
Guideline.

This design guideline is for potable water tanks on stands. Tanks for uses other than
potable water may not be required to be fully compliant with this document. The project
team is to review this need on a case by case basis.

OBJECTIVE
To provide a consistent satisfactory water supply pressure to customers and emergency
storage (8 hour minimum in combination with ground level storage tanks or other
systems).

RISK
This Guideline may identify some risks and provides guidance in mitigating these risks.
However, a further site specific assessment and/or HAZOP are required to address other
risks.

Water quality risks shall be considered at all stages of the project. If further information is
required contact GVW’s Water Quality team for advice.

All materials in contact with potable water must comply with AS/NZS 4020 and utilise
WSAA National Codes and standards where applicable.

The tank, stand and associated pipework is to be designed to withstand natural disasters
and accidents and continue to provide a secure water supply. A geotechnical
investigation must be conducted, and risk assessment should be considered if site
location is not optimal i.e., near a steep slope, risk of rock fall.

An assessment is to be carried out prior to commissioning to determine if the tank

internal area is considered a confined space and should be included in GVW’s register of
confined spaces.

Isolation points for all energy sources including electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic must
be considered. Installed isolation points are to be listed in the Operations Manuals for all
asset types.

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REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
(This should be a list of other relevant design manuals, design codes, WSAA codes, other
GVW documents, product code, developer construct manuals reference, etc. it could refer
to another actual section of design manual)

 AS/NZ 4020 Testing of products for use in contact with drinking water
 AS/NZS 3000: Electrical Installations
 AS 1657 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders – Design
construction and installation
 AS 2832 Cathodic protection of metals
 AS 1891.4 Industrial fall arrest systems and devices – Selection, use and
maintenance
 AS/NZS 4740 Natural Ventilators – Classification and performance
 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines
 WSAA - WSA 201 Manual for Selection and Application of Protective Coatings
 WSAA – MRWA Version – Water Supply Code of Australia
 GVW Supplement to the WSAA – MRWA Version – Water Supply Code of
Australia - (Water Code)
 Water Supply System Assessment Board Report – February 2007 (BUS/07/40)
 GVW General Electrical Specification
 GVW Product manual – Approved Products Supplement
 1.5 Security Fencing GVW Assets – Design Guideline
 1.7 Avoiding dissimilar metal corrosion – Design Guideline
 1.8 Stainless Steel selection and use for GVW – Design Guideline
 1.10 Electromagnetic flow meter installation - Design guideline.
 1.11 Fixed Platforms, Walkways, Stairways and Ladders – Design Guideline
 2.8 Water Storage tank (Ground) – Design Guideline
 2.9 Tank roof access hatch and work platform – Design Guideline

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SCHEMATIC PLAN

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COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
Items under this subject should be set out as follows:

1. Tank

All tanks and elevated stands are to be designed and constructed so that they will
be resistant to natural disasters and accidents, including but not limited to strong
winds, bushfires, earthquake and rock falls. It is the responsibility of the designer
for the application of good engineering practise in selection of the most appropriate
design.

All materials and coatings used in contact with treated water shall be in accordance
with AS/NZ 4020 Testing of products for use in contact with drinking water.

All tanks are to include a manhole entry at the top and are to be fitted with suitable
mechanisms for safe access and egress for cleaning and maintenance purposes
refer GVW 2.9 Tank roof access hatch and work platform - Design Guideline and
1.11 Fixed platforms, Walkways, Stairways and Ladders – Design Guideline.

The tank is to provide complete containment of the water with no leakage.

2. Storage Volume

The minimum storage volume to provide satisfactory supply and emergency storage
is to be determined on a case by case basis and should consider the following:

 Combined minimum storage volume for the system of 8 hours.

 If the elevated storage is providing pressure and supply to a zone or whole
town.
 If the storage runs dry will the supplied area still have water supply but at a
reduced pressure.
 Remoteness of the storage and response time.
 Availability of backup generators.

Consideration should be given to supply and installation of an onsite backup

generator and automatic transfer switch if the above points cannot be satisfied
fully.

Sufficient freeboard is to be provided between the overflow water level and the roof
to ensure the roof components do not become submerged at any time. The nominal
minimum figure for freeboard is 300mm but will be dependent on tank size and
design.

Refer to the following internal GVW report for further information on minimum
supply, Water Supply System Assessment Board Report – February 2007
(BUS/07/40).

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3. Site

The elevated tank site is to be located within a reserve in favour of the Goulburn
Valley Region Water Corporation.

An elevated tank site is to be selected that provides sufficient elevation to provide

suitable design water pressure, access, stable base, space for future ground level
tank (if required) and area for maintenance purposes. Advice is to be sought from
Goulburn Valley Water’s Planning and Project Development Section.

The site is not to be encumbered by existing or proposed overhead power lines and
is to provide satisfactory coverage for monitoring and control via SCADA.

The surrounding area of tank site is to be covered with a minimum of 100mm

compacted crushed rock or similar approved material to provide an all weather
access to the site. Good drainage must be provided.

The layout of the elevated tank and other features must ensure that the available
space for maintenance purposes is maximised. Space to allow a crane to access
the top of the stand and tank should also be considered.

A minimum of 3 metre clearance between all assets and the reserve title boundary
must be achieved where possible.

It is recommended that trees are no closer to the tank and stand than a distance
equal to 1½ times their mature height. This distance should be increased where
rows or groups of trees are planted.

4. Disinfection Design

Refer to 2.8 Water Storage tank (Ground) – Design Guideline for requirements on
disinfection.

Design of the tank and system is to ensure sufficient mixing for sites with re-
chlorination. The design is to also ensure short circuiting is avoided and the water
turnover rate and water age are considered and mitigated where appropriate.

5. SCADA and Monitoring

Low level and high level alarms (floats) are to be installed within the tank to
generate alarm signals. Cables for the floats shall terminate at a junction box at the
top of the tank. A hydrostatic suspension pressure transmitter is also to be installed
to monitor water level in the tank and will be used to control inflow to the tank it
shall have its cable terminate at a junction box at the top of the tank. If turbulence
from filling is expected to be an issue then the hydrostatic suspension pressure
transmitter is to be mounted within a stilling tube. There is to be a telemetry (radio)
link between the supply pumps and elevated tank.

Cable is not preferred when the distance between the booster pumps and the
elevated tank is greater than 100m.
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The preferred arrangement is for the water level in the elevated tank to be relayed
to the supply pump station, which displays all information on the pump station
switchboard and is connected to SCADA.

Refer to GVW’s Preferred Equipment List for preferred equipment to be installed.

All electrical work is to comply with Australian Standards and GVW’s General
Electrical Specification.

6. Inlet and Outlet mains

The preference is for a dedicated inlet water supply main from the supply pumps to
the storage tank, with a separate outlet main connecting to the reticulation system.

If these mains are constructed within private land then an easement or reserve is to
be created over the mains in favour of GVW.

Interconnection between inlet/outlet pipes is required to allow the tank to be

bypassed for maintenance. Methods shall be used to ensure short circuiting cannot
occur such as a double block and bleed system in the interconnecting pipework.
Lock out points shall be considered on the isolation valves. If there is more than
one tank on the site then the design must allow for the elevated tank to operate
independent of the existing tanks.

Separate inlet and outlet to the tank must be provided and it is preferred that they
be located on opposite sides of the tank to minimise short circuiting and promote
mixing. In any case where this is not possible alternative measures to ensure that
short circuiting does not occur must be taken. This may involve baffling or
directional nozzles. The inlet and outlet are to have isolation valves accessible from
the exterior of the tank, operatable from safe positions.

Where the outlet pipework of the elevated tank includes a flow meter, the pipe work
is to have sufficient fittings (valves and blank tees etc.) to allow for bypassing of the
flow meter to allow for future replacement. The flow meter is to be positioned to still
record flows if the elevated tank is bypassed for maintenance as described above.
The flow meter is to be installed as per GVW’s 1.10 Electromagnetic flow meter
installation design guideline.

The inlet shall be designed to prevent sediment disturbance during filling periods.

The outlet pipework is to be designed to prevent a vortex and positioned in the tank
to avoid sedimentation entering the outlet i.e. minimum 50mm above the floor
level.

The outlet screen if included, shall be designed to prevent sediment collection and
be accessible for diver vacuum cleaning.

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7. Pipework

All pipework in the vicinity of the tanks that is above ground shall preferably be
either DICL or stainless steel. If stainless steel or other metallic materials are
utilised then insulation joints are required. Refer to GVW’s 1.7 Avoiding dissimilar
metal corrosion – Design Guideline and 1.8 Stainless steel selection and use for
GVW –Design guideline.

All exposed ductile pipe and fittings inside the tank must have all ductile surfaces
sufficiently coated. Coating is to be resistant to super chlorination (refer to section
24 for expected levels) and other chemicals expected at the site. Coating is to be
selected and applied as per Water Services Association of Australia specification;
WSA 201 Manual for Selection and Application of Protective Coatings.

All above ground pipework is to be designed to be able to withstand natural

disasters and accidents.

If the designer calculates that flexible couplings are necessary for the contractor to
adequately warrant the tank to pipework connections for the nominated design life,
then they are to be of the flexible steel type. Consideration should be given to how
these are to be dismantled and replaced in the future and designed with sufficient
isolation points between the tank and reticulation. If required, bypass arrangements
are to be provided in the design.

All pipework to be connected into the reticulation system is to be designed and built
to WSAA MRWA Water supply code of Australia and the corresponding GVW
supplement.

8. Sample TAP Point

To enable samples to be taken to monitor the quality of the water in the storage
tank, a dedicated sample tap shall be provided on each outlet main and at other
sampling points as directed by GVW.

The sample point shall be located within the tank site perimeter fence and in close
proximity to the sample tapping. Unless located within a building, shed or otherwise
sufficiently protected from the elements including vermin & bird roosts, the sample
tap shall be;

 Installed on a solid marker post, one metre above finished surface height
 Located clear of bird roosts & overhangs, overhanging trees and storm water
run-off from roofs.
 Ground and airspace within a distance of 3 meters from the sample tap are
to be clear of vegetation and flammable material

The sample tap shall be provided exclusively for sampling as the operation can lead
to scouring and flow interruptions of a sample line upsetting online instruments.
The sample point shall be constructed from a quarter-turn brass ball valve and
except for a terminal gooseneck, without attachments. Stop valves with loose

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jumper valves shall not be permitted. All materials shall be copper tube and DR
brass fittings, WaterMark certified and compliant to AS 4020. The sample point
shall be disinfectable by flaming.

9. Sample Water Point/Line

To enable sample water to be taken, to continuously monitor the quality of the

water in the storage tank by online analysers, a dedicated sample point shall be
provided on each outlet main and at other sampling points as directed by GVW.

The sample water offtake or tapping point is to be positioned to prevent air entering
the sample water line. This can be achieved by taking the water from a 90 - 135
degree position on the pipe.

The sample line shall be provided exclusively for sampling as the operation for other
uses can lead to scouring and flow interruptions of the sample line upsetting online
instruments.

10.Scour

The tank is to be fitted with a scour valve and pipe that enables the tank to be
drained as required. The scour is to drain from the floor of tank and is to be at the
lowest point. The design of the scour point is to consider the need to ‘drain and
sweep’ the tank and for vacuum cleaning by divers. The scour point is not to have a
permanently fitted mesh cover as access is required for cleaning and for use by
divers while cleaning the tank. Were a mesh cover is installed it is to be flush with
the floor of the tank and not provide a tripping hazard.

The scour valve to be operable from a safe location i.e. a platform or ground level.

The scour pipe is to discharge clear of the tank site, preferably into a stormwater
system or backwash tank where one is available.

Discharge from the overflow is to be directed so that it does not cause scouring or
future legal issues.

11.Overflow

The tank is to be fitted with a bellmouth overflow pipe or overflow weir that is
designed to accept the ultimate inlet flow.

The overflow pipe is to discharge clear of the tank site, preferably into a stormwater
system or backwash tank where one is available.

Discharge from the overflow is to be directed so that it does not cause scouring or
future legal issues.

A single overflow/scour pipe will be accepted.

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12.Steel Lined Tanks

If a steel lined tank is proposed the following is to be provided:

 Life of liner and costs of installing liner to provide minimum of 50 year service
life;
 Procedure or method of taking the tank off line for repair/replacement of the
liner; and
 Inclusion of fittings, pipework and second tank (if required) to enable the tank
to be taken off line.

If a liner is installed then consideration needs to be given to the amount of loose

material and wrinkles. These provide stress points in the liner and areas for
entrapment of sedimentation and make it hard for cleaning purposes.

13.Cathodic Protection

All cathodic protection systems must comply with AS 2832 Cathodic protection of
metals.

If cathodic protection is installed in a tank, safe access to the anodes for annual
inspections and maintenance is to be provided without the need to enter the tank.

All electrical work is to comply with Australian Standards and GVW’s General
Electrical Specification.

14.Metallurgy

Consideration shall be given to the metallurgy for materials used, with no

galvanised material below the water line.

Consideration shall be given to providing cathodic protection of the steel

components of the tank.

Refer to GVW’s 1.7 Avoiding dissimilar metal corrosion – Design Guideline.

Ensure all stainless steel components are electrically insulated from mild steel.

15.Reference Markings

All valves associated with the tank are to be clearly labelled (i.e. “inlet’, “outlet” etc.)

16.Roof

All tanks are to include a roof. The roof is to be designed to prevent contamination
and particles of body size greater than 2mm from entering the tank even during
heavy storm events. The design is to take into consideration the high water level
and overflow of the tank and ensure no part of the roof structure comes into
contact with the water in the tank. The roof is to be further designed to provide
suitable insect, bird, vermin and vandal proofing to all openings.
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 2.11 Design Guideline - Water storage tank (elevated)

Natural light is to be excluded from the water body.

The roof is to be constructed from material considered appropriate for the

environment and designed to provide a minimum 25 year life without maintenance.
The preference is for an aluminium or stainless steel support structure. GVW has
many examples of corroded galvanised C section purlins, where condensation in the
tank sits in the bottom lip section of the purlin and causes corrosion. The design is
to consider reducing this occurrence. Parallel flange channels or increase in roof
angle to support condensation run off could be considered.

No internal gutters are to be used and the roof is to be designed so that the natural
fall of water is away from the centre of the tank.

No gutters are to be included on the tank and if the roof is separate to the tank it is
to extend past the wall of the tank and flashed to prevent water entering the tank.

Where the roof is separate to the main tank, ends of roof sheets must be bent down
to assist water to shed off the roof. If roof sheets are lapped due to length of sheets
not spanning outside to outside, consideration should be given to ensure sealing
with appropriate silicon or similar. Otherwise there is a risk that rainwater will flow
back over the sheet and into the tank, particularly with a limited fall on roof
structure.

Appropriate methods are to be used to ensure birds and other vermin cannot enter
through the roof and the design is to reduce areas for bird to construct a nest or
roost.

Any manholes or access points through the roof are to be designed and flashed to
prevent rain water entering the tank (refer GVW’s 2.9 Tank roof access hatch and
work platform – Design Guideline).

17.Roof Access Hatch and Work Platform

For tank roof access hatch and work platform requirements refer to GVW 2.9 Tank
roof access hatch and work platform – Design Guideline.

18.Roof ventilation

The roof design shall allow for adequate ventilation of the tank and is to be sized to
enable a maximum air inflow/outflow in excess of the maximum flow of water in
and out of the tank.

Vents shall be designed in accordance with AS/NZS 4740. The vent pressure drop
shall be added to the design wind pressure used for the roof design. The minimum
cross-sectional area of roof vents shall be 0.2% of the total roof area

Roof vents shall be located either at the high point of the roof or at the edge of the
roof near the platform, to facilitate maintenance with reduced risk of falls. Vents
shall be vandal-proof and incorporate appropriate security screens and locking
mechanisms to enable simple replacement. Vents shall be secured against ingress
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of rainwater, dust, debris, insects and animals. An acceptable fly screen material
would comprise grade 316 stainless steel woven mesh with 2mm openings totalling
60% to 70% of the material area

19.Tank Platform

There shall be clear space between the tank and inside of the guard railing of
600mm minimum.

There shall be sufficient space to walk around the entire permitter of the tank
unobstructed from objects and providing clear space as per the sentence above.

20.Fall Restraint System

The design team should consider the need for a fall restraint system for access onto
the roof beyond the safety of the work platform. The system shall be designed in
accordance with AS 1891.4.

Consideration should be given to installing one central anchorage point to the main
roof structure with safety cable to the radius of the tank, minus 2m. Consideration
should be given for safe access to the anchor point for routine inspections.

Any fall restraint anchorages are to be appropriately signed as per the requirements
of AS 1891.4.

21.Protective coatings

All protective coatings for steel tank shell exterior, interior, columns, ladders,
platforms, brackets and all materials inside tank shall be in accordance with the
WSAA - WSA 201 Manual for Selection and Application of Protective Coatings.

All materials in contact with water shall be certified by the manufacturer as

complaint with AS/NZS 4020 – Testing of Products for use in contact with Drinking
Water

Grade 316 stainless steel may remain uncoated.

The contractor to provide coating specifications with surface preparation, coating

thickness, number of coats and curing time, with its tender.

22.Tank Finish

Where a steel tank is installed (bolted or welded) the contractor shall ensure that
the steel is protected from corrosion and provide a guaranteed minimum design
life.

External coating of the tank shall be Pale Eucalypt or similar.

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23.Tank Cleaning

The tank is to be thoroughly cleaned by the Contractor to remove all organic

material, dirt, grease and residue resulting from construction activities. A cleaning
program approved by GVW is required before commencing any works.

Activities comprising the overall cleaning process include but may not be limited to:

 Sweeping and/or vacuuming the floor of the tanks to remove accumulated

debris.

Cleaning shall be carried out to the satisfaction of GVW prior to the commissioning
program.

24.Water Quality Compliance

Prior to acceptance into service all storages and tanks used in Drinking water must
be disinfected with 12% liquid sodium hypochlorite (pool chlorine) at a dose rate of
15 Litres of chemical per 0.5 Megalitres water. The liquid chlorine is to be dosed
incrementally into the inlet or slug dosed and thoroughly mixed mechanically before
being held for 48 hours prior to compliance sampling and testing. The final water
quality must comply with the water quality limits as specified in the latest version of
GVWs New Water Infrastructure Water Quality Procedure, available online at GVWs
website

Water used during the cleaning operation is to be tested for chemical residuals prior
to scouring to local drainage to avoid potentially harmful effects to the environment.
Alternative means of collection and disposal may be necessary.

25.Challenge testing

Prior to acceptance into service all roofed storages and tanks used to store Drinking
water shall be challenged by blackout (where applicable) and flood tested to ensure
the integrity of the roof. Blackout testing involves closing the hatch, turning off all
lights and videoing the inside of the tank for light penetration. Flood testing involves
simulating a heavy rain event by pumping water onto the roof of the storage and
checking for ingress.

To pass the challenge testing, there shall be no light penetration through the roof
and no water entering the tank. All faults are to be rectified prior to acceptance.

A digital video record is to be provided to the corporation as evidence that the tests
have been completed and the asset complies.

26.Tank Access

All ladders, platforms and handrails are to comply with AS 1657 Fixed platforms,
walkways, stairways and ladders – Design construction and installation.

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Refer to GVW’s 1.11 Fixed Platforms, Walkways, Stairways and Ladders – Design
Guideline for GVW’s requirements relating to AS 1657.

GVW’s preference for external access to the elevated tank is for an angled ladder
system with appropriate platforms.

Internal tank ladders if required are to be vertical and made of stainless steel (SS)
or Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP). If ladders or fittings are made from SS then
consideration shall be given to metallurgy and the need for electrical insulation of
the ladder or fittings. Ladders in tanks are not to have cages. These cause a
recovery issue for divers accessing the tanks.

The external access system is to be designed to prevent unauthorised access and is

to be lockable.

27.External Lighting

Depending on the location and setting of the tank, external vandal proof lighting
around the tank perimeter should be considered. If lighting is installed it should
installed so that a ladder is not required for testing and tagging or maintenance of
the light.

All electrical work is to be as per AS/NZ 3000 and the GVW General Electrical
Specification.

28.Perimeter Fence and Gate

The site perimeter is to be fenced with security fencing around the complete site
boundary as per GVW’s 1.5 Security Fencing GVW Assets – Design Guideline

A minimum 4m wide chain mesh security hinged double gate is to be provided at

the entrance to the GVW site. The gates are to be hinged so that they open out
completely and can be secured back against the perimeter fence when required.

The gate is to be located in a position that allows sufficient safe space for the gates
to be opened with staff and vehicles clear from all traffic and other hazards.

Minimise aesthetic issues for neighbouring properties and the general public. This
may require perimeter buffering planting or screens and should be investigated with
Council and local residents.

NOTE: Additional land will be required to be provided for the reserve if screen
plantings are required.

29.Access Track

The site must be accessible by vehicles by means of an all weather road. The
minimum width of the access is 3 metre wide and sufficient space is to be provided
for a light truck vehicle to turn.

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The access track is to be constructed so that it is accessible by a light truck or small

two-wheel drive vehicle under all weather conditions.

If the access track is created over private land, then a carriageway easement in
favour of GVW is to be created over the track and any parking/turning areas
required.

Turning space should be provided inside the tank site.

30.Parking

Parking is to be provided onsite. This may be inside or outside the compound.

A minimum of 2 parking spaces are required, they are to be accessible and usable
in all weather conditions.

Consideration should be given to the location of parking so it is safe and clear from
other traffic.

SITE PHOTOS
To be added

APPENDICES
Nil

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