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Aerodynamics 1 Chapter#3
Aerodynamics 1 Chapter#3
Aerodynamics 1 Chapter#3
Example
Solution :
Since the flow field is Described by the velocity potential that flow is
irrotational and Bernoulli Equation can be applied Between any two point’s
thus:
𝑃1 𝑣12 𝑃2 𝑣22
+ = +
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
Also:
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
𝑢= = −6𝑥𝑦 𝑣= = −3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
At x = 1 ft ,y = 2 ft :
2 2
𝑢 = −6 1 2 = −12 ft/s 𝑣 = −3 1 +3 2 = 9 ft/s
𝑓𝑡 2
𝑉12 = 𝑢12 + 𝑣12 = −12 2 2
+ 9 = 225 2 2
𝑠
Solution :
Since the flow field is Described by the velocity potential that flow is
irrotational and Bernoulli Equation can be applied Between any two point’s
thus:
𝑃1 𝑣12 𝑃2 𝑣22
+ = +
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
Also:
𝜕𝜙 𝜕𝜙
𝑢= = −6𝑥𝑦 𝑣= = −3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
At x = 4 ft ,y = 4 ft :
2 2
𝑢 = −6 4 4 = −96 ft/s 𝑣 = −3 4 +3 4 = 0 ft/s
𝑓𝑡 2
𝑉22 = 𝑢22 + 𝑣22 = −96 2 2
+ 0 = −96 2
𝑠2
Solution :
Thus From Bernoulli Equation:
𝑃1 𝑣12 𝑃2 𝑣22
+ = +
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
𝛾
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = 𝑉22 − 𝑉12
2𝑔
Also:
𝑙𝑏
62.4 lb 1 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑓𝑡 3 2
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = −96 − 2252 = 8710 2 × = 60.5 𝑝𝑠ⅈ
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡 144 ⅈ𝑛2
2 × 32.2 2
𝑠
Solution :
1
𝑃𝑠 = 𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑈 2 1 − 4 sin2 𝜃
2
The maximum pressure occur where sin 𝜃 = 0, or at 𝜃 = 0, 𝜋.and at this point
1
𝑃𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑃0 + 𝜌𝑈 2
2
𝜋
The minimum pressure occur where sin 𝜃 = 1, or at 𝜃 = .and at this point
2
3
𝑃𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃0 − 𝜌𝑈 2
2
Solution :
𝑎2
𝜓 = −𝑈𝑟 1 − 2 sin 𝜃
𝑟
So, 𝜃 = 𝛱, r = 2a
2
𝑎2 𝜋 3
𝜓 = −𝑈(2𝑎) 1 − 2 sin = − 𝑎𝑈
𝑟 2 2
Thus the streamline is:
3 𝑎2
− 𝑎𝑈 = −𝑈𝑟 1 − 2 sin 𝜃
2 𝑟
2𝑟 𝑎2
1 − 2 sin 𝜃 = 1
3𝑎 𝑟
Solution :
(a) Develop an equation for the x-component of velocity, u, at point P(x , y) in
terms of Cartesian coordinates x and y.
For Vortex 1:
𝛤
𝛤 𝑣𝜃1 = + 𝑢1 = 𝑣𝜃1 sin 𝜃
𝜓1 = − ln 𝑟1 2𝜋𝑟1
2𝜋
Where sin 𝜃:
𝑦−𝐻
sin 𝜃 = 1 𝑢1 = 𝑣𝜃1 sin 𝜃
𝑥2 + 𝑦−𝐻 2 2
Solution :
(a) Develop an equation for the x-component of velocity, u, at point P(x , y) in
terms of Cartesian coordinates x and y.
For Vortex 2:
𝛤 𝛤
𝜓2 = ln 𝑟2 𝑣𝜃1 = − 𝑢2 = −𝑣𝜃2 sin 𝛼
2𝜋 2𝜋𝑟2
Where sin 𝛼:
𝑦+𝐻
sin 𝛼 = 1 𝑢2 = −𝑣𝜃2 sin 𝛼
𝑥2 + 𝑦+𝐻 2 2
Solution :
(a) Develop an equation for the x-component of velocity, u, at point P(x , y) in
terms of Cartesian coordinates x and y.
So:
𝛤 𝑦−𝐻 𝛤 𝑦+𝐻
𝑢1 = 𝑢2 = +
2𝜋 [𝑥 2 + 𝑦 − 𝐻 2 ] 2𝜋 [𝑥 2 + 𝑦 + 𝐻 2 ]
𝛤 𝑦−𝐻 𝑦+𝐻
𝑢 = 𝑢1 + 𝑢2 + 𝑈 = { 2 + } +𝑈
2𝜋 [𝑥 + 𝑦−𝐻 2 ] [𝑥 2 + 𝑦−𝐻 2 ]
Solution :
(b) Compute the x-component of velocity at point A and
𝛤
show that it depends on the ratio .
𝐻
So at point A(0,0):
𝛤 𝑦−𝐻 𝑦+𝐻
𝑢= { 2 + }+𝑈
2𝜋 [𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝐻 2 ] [𝑥 2 + 𝑦 + 𝐻 2 ]
𝛤 0−𝐻 0+𝐻
𝑢= { 2 + }+𝑈
2𝜋 [0 + 0 − 𝐻 2 ] [02 + 0 + 𝐻 2 ]
𝛤
𝑢= +𝑈
2𝜋𝐻
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