f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha uQ,sl ixl,am

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha uQ,sl ixl,am" j¾;udk oekqï mdol iudch ;=< fhdod .kakd
wdldrh" tys N+ñldj yd WÑ; Wmfhda.S;dj iu. .fõIKh'

1'1 o;a;j, iy f;dr;=rej, uQ,sl ;ekqï tall yd tajdfha .;s,laIK úu¾Ykh

1'1'1 o;a; cSjk pl%h ^Life Cycle Of Data&

ñksiqkaf.a fndfyda ls%hdldrlï Tjqka úiska .kq ,nk ;SrK u; l%shd;aul fõ' ksjil
fjfik .DyKshlf.a isg rgla md,kh lrkq ,nk md,lfhl= olajd w;r ;=r isák iEu
mqoa.,fhl=u ;u fm!oa.,sl cSú;fha § fukau rdcldÍ cSú;fha § isÿlrkq ,nk ls%hdjka Tjqka úiska
.kakd ,o úúO ;SrK u; isÿfõ'

fufia .Kq ,nk ;SrK i|yd mdol lr.kq ,nk m%Odku uQ,dY%h jkafka f;dr;=reh'
f;dr;=re iEu úgu ;SrK .ekSfï ls%hdj,shg iïnkaO jk w;r f;dr;=re fkdue;sj ;SrK .ekSug
fkdyelsh' ;SrK .ekSug Ndú;d lrkq ,nk f;dr;=re ìys lsÍug Ndú;d lrk uQ,slu wuqøjH
jkafka o;a; h'

o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;alr,Sfï ls%hdj,sh wxY lsysmhlg fnod y÷kd .kq ,efí' fufia
mshjr lsysmhlg fnod olajd we;af;a tlsfklg fjkiaj isÿlrkq ,nk ld¾hhka wkqjh' tu mshjr
o;a; ieliSfï cSjk pl%h f,i o ye|skafõ'

1' o;a; talrdYS lsÍu'

o;a; úúO ia:dkhka ys úisÍ mj;S' tfia úisÍ mj;akd o;a; talrdYS lr.ekSu o;a; ieliSï
cSjk pl%fha m<uq mshjr fõ'

o;a; talrdYS lr .ekSu i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nk l%u lsysmhls' tkï"

 iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùu' ^Interview&

 ksÍlaIKh ^Observation&
 m%Yakdj,s Ndú;h ^Questionnaires&
 iólaIKh ^Survey&

WodyrK - my; olajd we;af;a iólaIKhla ;=<ska ,nd.kakd ,o o;a; iuQyhls' tu iólaIKh
u.ska f;dard.;a mqoa.,hska lKavdhula ksr; jk l%Svd ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSula
isÿ lr we;'

DP Education 1 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

—Tn ksr; jk l%Svdj l=ulao@˜

l%Svdj mqoa., ixLHdj

mdmkaÿ 106
fgksia 45
csïkdiaála 54
msyskqï 82
l%slÜ 68

2' l<ukdlrKh

 ms<sfh, lsÍu'
we;eï wjia:djkays § talrdYS lr.kakd ,o o;a; ,nd.;a wdldrfhka u ieliSfï
ld¾hh i|yd fhdod .ekSug fkdyel' tneúka tu o;a; ieliSug iqÿiq wdldrhg iQodkï
lr.; hq;=h' fuh ms<sfh, lsÍu f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' o;a; taldnoaO lsÍu" wjYH ke;s
o;a; bj;a lsÍu" ieliSug iqÿiq wdldrhg o;a; ms<sfh, lr.ekSu fuu mshjf¾§ isÿlrkq
,nk ld¾hhka fõ'

 o;a; wdodkh
ms<sfh, lr.;a o;a; mß.Klhg we;=<;a lsÍu fuu mshjf¾ § isÿlrkq ,nk
ld¾hh fõ' mß.Klhg iïnkaO lr we;s h;=rej mqjre fyda fjk;a wdodk Wmdx.hla fï
i|yd fhdod .ekSug mq¿jk' tfukau o;a; wdodkh lsÍfï § ksjerÈj wdodkh lsÍu b;d
jeo.;a fõ' ta i|yd uDÿldx. ks¾udKh lrk wjia:dfõ § úúO md,khka Ndú;d lrkq
,efí' fuu md,khka bÈß mßÉfPaohkays § úia;r lr we;'

 o;a; ieliSu
wdodkh lrk ,o o;a; mß.Kl uDÿldx.hla Wmfhda.S lrf.k ilid .ekSu o;a;
ieliSu f,i ye|skafõ' o;a; ieliSfï ls%hdj,sfha § ta i|yd Ndú;d lrkq ,nk uDÿldx.fha
we;s Wmfoia j,g wkqj m%;sodkhka ìysùu isÿfõ'

 m%;sodkh
o;a; ieliSfuka ìys lr.kakd ,o f;dr;=re mßYS,lg fhduq lsÍu m%;sodkh f,i
ye|skafõ' fï i|yd uqøK hka;%h fyda mß.Kl ;srh fndfyda úg Ndú;d lrkq
,efí'

 .nvd lsÍu
ilid .kakd ,o f;dr;=re fukau ta i|yd Ndú;d lrk ,o o;a; wkd.; Ndú;h
i|yd ;ekam;a lr ;nd .ekSu fuu mshjf¾ § isÿlrkq ,efí'

 wNdú; o;a; ^Obsolete data& bj;a lsÍu

o;a; m%fhdackhg .; yels jkafka tajd f;dr;=re ìyslr .ekSug Ndú;d lsÍfï
yelshdj mj;skafka kï muKs' WodyrKhla f,i oekg jir 4 lg muK by; §

DP Education 2 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 wdh;khla úiska isÿlrk ,o úhoï j,g wod, o;a; j¾;udkfha Tjqkaf.a .sKqï ieliSfï
ld¾hh i|yd fhdod .ekSula isÿ fkdflf¾' j¾;udkhg wod, úhoï o;a; muKla Tjqka
Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'

kuq;a ld,.=K úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j jeks wdh;khla oekg jir 10 lg muK

by; j¾Idm;k w.hka jqjo ld,.=K f;dr;=re úYaf,aIKh lsÍug fhdod .kq ,efí'

fï wdldrhg tla tla wdh;kfha wjYH;djh u; o;a;j, ld,h ;SrKh lrkq

,efí' ta wkqj l,a bl=;a jQ o;a; hkqfjka y÷kajkafka j¾;udkhg wjYH fkdjk o;a;
iuQyhka h' fuu o;a;" f;dr;=re moaO;s ;=< Ndú;d fkdlr bj;a lrkq ,efí'

1'1'2 o;a; j,g tfrysj f;dr;=re"

³ o;a; hkq l=ul o@
;Skaÿ fyda ks.uk j,g fhduq ùug fkdyels kuq;a m%udKd;aul fyda .=Kd;aul jYfhka
m%ldY l< yels oE o;a; f,i w¾: oelaùug mq¿jk'

WodyrKhla f,i Tn Wiia fm< úNd.h iïmQ¾K lr m%;sM, ,efnk f;la isákafka hehs
is;kak' úNd. m%;sM, ksl=;a jk f;la Tn fukau foudmshka" {d;Ska" hy¿jka" .=rejreka hk ish¿
fokdu Tng ,efnk m%;sM, ms<sn|j úuis,af,ka isá;s' tfukau m%;sM, ksl=;a jQ miq Tjqka Tnf.ka
ta ms<sn|j úuik úg A folhs V tlhs hkqfjka Tn mejiqjd hehs is;kak' kuq;a th Tjqkg
m%udKj;a fkdjkq we;' fya;=j Tn úYajúoHd, jrï ,nd .ekSug ;rï yelshdj ,nd we;ao hkak
oek .ekSug Tjqka Z w.h fukau Èia;%sla w.h o úuikq we;'

fuhska Tng .uH jk hula we;' tkï Tnf.a m<uq ms<s;=r muKla hï ks.ukhlg
meñKSug m%udKj;a fkdjQ njhs' m<uq ms<s;=r m%udKj;a jQfha úIhka iu;aùu ms<sn|j oekqj;a lsÍug
muKs' fya;=j Tnf.a ms<s;=r ;=<ska Tn imhd we;af;a o;a;hla muKla ùuhs'

o;a; ms<sn| ks¾jpk lsysmhla my; whqßka y÷kd .ksuq'

 lsis÷ wdldrhl ilia lsÍulg Ndckh fkdl< ixLHd" rEm" wl=re" Ñ;% iy ñkqï" o;a; f,i
ye|skafõ'
 w¾:dkaú; njlska f;dr jQ oE" o;a; f,i ye|skafõ'
 ks.ukhlg fhduq ùug fkdyels oE" o;a; hkqfjka ye|skafõ'
 f;dr;=re ilia lsÍug fhdod .kakd wuqøjH jkafka o;a;hs'
 l<ukdlrejkag ;Skaÿ ;SrK .; fkdyels wdldrfhka mj;akd oE" o;a; hkqfjka ye|skafõ'

³ o;a; iy nyq udOH wdldrfhka tajdfha meje;au"

o;a;hla wdldr lsysmhlska mej;sh yelsh' tkï"

 wlaIr j,ska ^A,B,C,…………,Z&

 ixLHdjla f,i ^0"1&
 rEmhla wdldrfhka
 Yíohla f,i
 yev;,hla f,i wd§ jYfhks"

DP Education 3 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

³ o;a; j¾.SlrKh
o;a; m%Odk jYfhka fldgia follg fnod oelaùug mq¿jk" tkï"

1' m%udKd;aul wdldrhg m%ldY l< yels o;a; ^Quantitative data&

ixLHd;aulj bÈßm;a lrk o;a; fuu j¾.hg wh;a fjhs' fuu o;a;j, fmdÿ ,laIK
lsysmhls'
 tl;= lsÍu" wvq lsÍu" jeä lsÍu" fn§u jeks ld¾hhka l< yelsùu'
 wkqms<sfj,g ielish yelsùu'
 ixLHd úoHd;aulj ieliSu yd ksrEmKh lsÍug yelsùu'
Wod (- m%ia;dr igyka'

m%udKd;aul o;a; kej;;a fldgia follg fnod oelafõ' tkï ksh; o;a; iy wLKav o;a;
hkqfjks' ksh; o;a;hlg WodyrKhla f,i 5"6 jeks mQ¾K w.hka oelaúh yel' wLKav o;a;j,g
WodyrK f,i 3'265 jeks w.hka .; yels w;r ialkaOh" Wi" È." ld,h" Èkh" jhi wdÈh o
oelaùug mq¿jk'

2' .=Kd;aul wdldrhg m%ldY l< yels o;a; ^Qualitative data&

ixLHd;aulj bÈßm;a l< fkdyels .=Kd;aulj m%ldY l< yels oE" fuu j¾.hg wh;a fõ'
mqoa.,fhl=f.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh" hul yevh fyda meyeh .=Kd;aul wdldrfha o;a; j,g WodyrK
f,i oelaùug mq¿jk'

³ o;a;j, iajNdjh
1' /ialr .nvd lr ;nd .ekSug mq¿jk'
2' tla ia:dkhlska ;j;a ia:dkhlg f.khdug ^iïfm%aIKh& mq¿jk'
3' ieliSfï yelshdj mj;S'

1'1'3 f;dr;=re ms<sn| w¾: ksrEmKh

ks.ukj,g fyda ;Skÿa j,g fhduq ùug fkdyels ;;a;ajfha mj;akd o;a; w¾:hla f.k
fok mßÈ l%udkql+,j ilia l< úg ìysjk oE f;dr;=re f,i ye|skafõ'

o;a; ls%hdj,sh f;dr;=re

o;a;hla f;dr;=re njg m;a lr,Sfï ls%hdj,sh
1'1 rEmigyk

o;a;hla hïlsis ls%hdj,shlg Ndckh lr ,nd.kakd m%;sM,h f;dr;=rla fõ' WodyrKhla

f,i mx;shl .Ks; úIhg isiqka ,nd.;a ,l=Kq m%udKhka o;a; f,i ye|skafõ' fuu o;a; .=re;=ñh
úiska .Kl hka;%hla fhdod .ksñka tl;= lr tu tl;=j isiqka .Kkska fnod .Ks; úIhg ,nd.;a
,l=Kqj, idudkH w.h ,nd.;af;a hehs is;uq' tys§ .=re;=ñh úiska ,l=Kq tl;= lsÍu iy tu tl;=j
isiqka .Kkska fn§u hk ls%hdj,sh lrkq ,nhs' tfia l< miq ,nd.;a ms<s;=r f;dr;=rla f,i .;
yel'

DP Education 4 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

fuh ;jÿrg;a my; rEmigyk u.ska y÷kd .ksuq'

isiqka 4 fofkl=f.a isiqkaf.a ,l=Kq tl;= lr

.Ks; ,l=Kq ms<s;=r 62'25
th 4 ka fn§u

lu,a 50
ksu,a 75
iq.;a 35 o;a; ls%hdj,sh f;dr;=re
nKavdr 85

o;a; ieliSfï ls%hdj,sh WodyrKhla u.ska

1'2 rEmigyk

1'1'4 jákd f;dr;=rej, .;s,laIK ^Characteristics of Information&

o;a; ieliSu ;=<ska ,nd .kakd f;dr;=re ;Skaÿ ;SrK .ekSug fhdod .kq ,efí' ta wkqj
f;dr;=rej, .;s,laIK lsysmhla o y÷kd .; yel'
 f;dr;=re w¾:j;a úh hq;=h'
 f;dr;=re úYauh okjk iq¿ úh hq;=h'
 f;dr;=re u.ska fmr oekqï ia:djr lrhs' tfukau hdj;ald,Sk lrhs'
 f;dr;=re hkq wka;¾ ikaksfõok udOHhls'
 f;dr;=re ld,Sk úhhq;= w;r tajd ;SrK .ekSug WmldÍ úh hq;=h'

by; .;s,laIK j,ska hqla; f;dr;=rl jákdlu iy .=Kd;aul nj i|yd n,mdk idOl
lsysmhls' tkï"
1' wod,;ajh ^Relevance&
2' iïmQ¾K;ajh ^Completeness&
3' ksjerÈ;djh ^Accuracy&
4' ld,dkqrEmS ùu ^Timeliness&
5' msßjehg jákdlula ;sîu ^Economy&
6' f;areï.; yelsùu$ meyeÈ, nj ^Understandability&
7' úYajdikSh;ajh ^Reliability&
8' mßYS,lhdf.a wjYH;d imqrd,Su ^Meet the user needs&

fuu idOl my; wdldrfhka úia;rd;aulj y÷kd .ksuq'

 f;dr;=rej, wod,;ajh ^Relevance&

mqoa.,hd wkqj f;dr;=rej, wjYH;djh fjkia fõ' WodyrKhla f,i fldgia
fjf<|fmdf,a fldgiaj, ñ, fjkia ùu idudkH mqoa.,fhl=g jeo.;a ke;' kuq;a fldgia
fjf<|fmdf<a wdfhdackh lr we;s mqoa.,hskag th b;d jeo.;ah' tfukau wdh;khl by<
uÜgfï ks,OdÍkag wjYH f;dr;=re my< uÜgfï fiajlhskag wod, jkafka ke;' fuhska
meyeÈ,s jkqfha f;dr;=rej, wod,;ajh mqoa.,hdf.ka mqoa.,hdg fjkia jk njhs'

DP Education 5 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 iïmQ¾K;ajh ^Completeness&
wjYH;dj imsfrk wdldrhg f;dr;=re iïmQ¾K úh hq;=h' WodyrKhla f,i Tn
lsishï .=jka ijdßhla hdug woyia lf<a hehs is;uq' fuu .=jka ijdßh i|yd f;dard.kakd
wdh;kh" jeh jk .=jka álÜm;a .dia;= iy fjk;a úhoï wd§ o;a; uq,ska /ia lr.; hq;=
fõ' fuys§ Tn /ialr .kakd o;a; iïmQ¾Kfhka fkd,enqfKa kï" fyd|u iy ksjerÈu
;SrKh .ekSug fkdyels jkq we;' ta wkqj f;dr;=rl w.h ;SrKh ùug n,mdk idOlhla
f,i iïmQ¾K;ajh hk idOlh y÷kd .efka'

 ksjerÈ;djh ^Accuracy&
,ndfok f;dr;=re jerÈ j,ska f;drúh hq;=hs' tkï tl;= lsÍï" j¾. lsÍï"
úYaf,aIKh lsÍï wdÈh ksjerÈj isÿl< hq;=hs' lsishï f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSula i|yd
Wml,amk fyda ;lafiare lsÍï isÿlrk ,oafoa kï wod, úia;r mßYS,lhskag oekqï Èh
hq;=h'

 ld,dkqrEmùu ^Timeliness&
f;dr;=re ilS%h f,i Ndú;d lsÍug kï tajd ld,Sk úh hq;=h' WodyrKhla f,i
fldgia fjf<|fmd< ñ, .Kka ffokslj fjkia fõ' hï mqoa.,fhl= fldgia fjf<|fmd<
wdfhdackh lsÍug ;SrKh lrhs kï ta i|yd j¾;udk f;dr;=re Ndú;d l< hq;=hs'

 msßjehg jákdlula ;sîu ^Economy&

f;dr;=re ckkh lsÍu i|yd msßjehla we;sfõ' o;a; tl;= lsÍu" úYaf,aIKh lsÍu"
jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd fufia msßjehla jehjk w;r" ,nd.kakd f;dr;=re jeh jk
msßjehg jákafka o hkak i,ld ne,sh hq;=fõ'

 f;areï .; yelsùu $ meyeÈ,s nj ^Understandability&

f;dr;=rla th mßYS,kh lrk whg b;d meyeÈ,sj f;areï .; yelsúh hq;=h' tfia
f;areï .ekSug kï f;dr;=re ir,j bÈßm;a l< hq;=h' f;dr;=rla §¾> jYfhka
,nd§fï § f;areï .ekSug wmyiq fõ' tfukau .e,fmk udOHhlska ikaksfõokh
l< hq;= fõ'

 úYajdikSh;ajh ^Reliability&
wm ,nd.kakd f;dr;=re i;H hehs úYajdifhka hqla; úh hq;=h' tkï n,h ,;a
uQ,dY%hkaf.ka ckkh úh hq;=fõ' WodyrKhla f,i hï wdh;khl úl=Kqï wxYfhka
tÈfkod NdKav wf,ú f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug wjYH fõ hehs is;kak' kuq;a úl=Kqï
wxYfhka ,nd .kakd f;dr;=re b;d ksjerÈ hehs wmg ksYaÑ;ju ks.ukh l< fkdyel'
kuq;a tajd uQ,H wxYfha .KldêldÍ;=udf.a w;aikska hqla;j ,enqfka kï ;SrK .eksu i|yd
iqÿiq i;H f;dr;=re njg úYajdi l< yel' fuh wêldÍ n,h kñka o ye|skafõ'

 mßYS,lhdf.a wjYH;d imqrd,Su ^Meet the User Needs&

mßYS,lhska úiska f;dr;=re Ndú;d lrkafka lsishï ;Skaÿjla fj; fhduqùughs'
tfukau Tjqka yg úúO wruqKq ;sfí' wdh;khl l<ukdldr wOHlaIlg f;dr;=re wjYH
fõ' Tyqg ,ndfok f;dr;=re idrdxY.; jd¾;djla f,i muKla mej;Su m%udKj;a fõ' kuq;a
ú.Kljrfhl=g .sKqï mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd úia;rd;aulj jd¾;d wjYH fõ' fï wkqj

DP Education 6 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 mßYS,lf.a wjYH;djhg .e,fmk wdldrfhka f;dr;=re mej;sh hq;=h'

³ f;dr;=rej, ld,Sk jákdlu

f;dr;=rej, jákdlu ;SrKh jkafka tys kùk nj u;h' tfukau hï f;dr;=rl Wmßu
jákdlu r|d mj;skafka tu f;dr;=re ,nd.kakd fudfydf;au h' fuh f;dr;=re iy ine|s
iaj¾Kuh kHdh ^Golden Rule Of Information& f,i ye|skafõ' fuhska woyia jkafka ld,h;a iuÕ
f;dr;=rej, jákdlu wvqjk njhs' fuh my; rEmigyk uÕska fmkajd §ug mq¿jk'

f;dr;=frys
jákdlu
(Value)

ld,h
(Time)
f;dr;=re iy ine|s iaj¾Kuh kHdh
1'3 rEmigyk

ta wkqj"

 f;dr;=re ks¾udKh lrk fudfydf;au fyda ,efnk fudfydf;au tajdfha jákdlu jeäh'
 ld,h Y=kHhg wdikak fudfydf;a tajdfha jákdlu Wmßu fõ'
 ld,h jeä jk úg f;dr;=rej, jákdlu l%ufhka wvq ù wjidkfha tajd ld,h;a iuÕ
o;a; njg m;afõ'

1'1'5 úYd, o;a; ^Big Data&

l=vd mßudKfha jHdmdrhla i;= o;a; mß.Kl wdYs%;j Ndú;d jk wdpdhkhl .nvd lr
mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nkafka fndfyda úg jirla jeks ld, iSudjlgh' jd¾Isl ,dN w,dN ;;a;ajhka
fidhd .ekSug" .Kqfokqlrejkaf.ka ,eìh hq;= uqo,a m%udKh ms<sfh, lr.ekSug flá ld,Skj tu
o;a; iu. lghq;= lrkq ,efí' tneúka tjeks wdh;kj,g úYd, o;a; m%udKhla iu. lghq;=
lsÍug isÿfkdfõ'

kuq;a nexl=jla ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq l<fyd;a nexl=jl .sKqula wdrïN lrk
mqoa.,fhl=f.a o;a; È.gu mß.Klh ;=< ;nd .ekSug Tjqkg isÿfõ' tu o;a; j¾Ifhka j¾Ih
bj;a lsÍug fkdyel' ta wkqj úYd, .Kqfokqlrejka m%udKhla nexl=jla iu. lghq;= lrk úg
Tjqkaf.a o;a; iys; o;a; .nvdj b;d úYd, Odß;djhlska hqla; fõ'

nexl=jla jeks wdh;khl .sKqï ysñhka njg m;ajkafka fndfyda úg tu nexl=j msysá
m%foaYfha wh muKs' tneúka tys o;a; .nvdj o idfmalaIj úYd, fkdfõ' kuq;a iudc cd, fjí
wvúhla f,i uqyqKq fmd; ^Face book& iu. lghq;= lrk mqoa.,hska ì,shk .Kkla f,dj mqrd isá'
fudjqka ish¿ fokdf.a o;a; .nvd lr mj;ajdf.k hdug isÿfõ' tfukau fuu o;a; jHqyd;aulj
ieliQ tajd fukau tfia jHqyd;aul iajrEmhlska ieliQ o;a; fkdùug o mq¿jk'

fujeks o;a; .nvdjl o;a; ieliSu idïm%odhsl o;a; ieliSfï uDÿldx.j,g wNsfhda.hls'
o;a; .nvd lsÍu" o;a; úYaf,aIKh" tjeks o;a; .nvdjlska o;a; fiùu" mj;akd o;a; hdj;ald,Sk

DP Education 7 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

lsÍu" úúO wjYH;d i|yd l%uj;aj bÈßm;a lsÍu wNsfhda. f,i oelaúh yel'

úYd, o;a; hk ixl,amh f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok fËa;%hg w¨;ska tlajQ ixl,amhls'

fndfyda úg fuh fjí mdol o;a; .nvd iuÕ ìysjQjla njg úYajdi flf¾' jHdmdßlhskaf.a
wxYfhka ie,l+ úg úYd, o;a; hk jpkh yd iïnkaOj Tjqka wjOdkh fhduq lrkq ,nkafka
;dlaIKsl ;;a;ajhka iy úYd, o;a; ieliSug fhdod .; yels ilikhka yd iïnkaO ;dlaIKhka
fj;hs' o;a; i;= wdh;kh wjOdkh fhduq lrkq ,nkafka úYd, o;a; .nvd mj;ajdf.k hdug
wod,jhs'

1'2 o;a; yd f;dr;=re ks¾udKh" fnodyeÍu iy l<ukdlrKh i|yd ;dlaIKfha

wjYH;djh'
1'2'1 tÈfkod cSú;fha§ f;dr;=rej, fhda.H;dj
ñksiqkaf.a tÈfkod cSú;fha § isÿlrkq ,nk ld¾hhka i|yd f;dr;=re b;d jeo.;a ld¾hh
Ndrhla isÿlrkq ,efí' th wxY y;rla hgf;a idlÉPd lsÍug mq¿jk'

³ ;SrK .ekSfï ld¾hh i|yd ^Decision making&

;SrK .ekSfï ld¾hh i|yd f;dr;=re b;d jeo.;a fõ' f;dr;=re fkdue;sj ;SrK .ekSu
;=,ska ,nd.; yels m%;sM, wid¾:l ùug mq¿jk' fuh WodyrK lsysmhla Tiafia y÷kd .ksuq'

 ßh÷re uyf;l= jdykhla mojdf.k hk wjia:djl Tyqf.a oEig orefjla mdr yryd
udreùug iQodkï wdldrhla o¾Ykh jQfha kï th Tyqg f;dr;=rls' ta wkqj Tyq ;sßx.
moaO;sh ls%hd;aul l< hq;= njg ;SrKh lr th isÿlrkq ,efí'

 jHdmdßlfhla fj; Tyqf.a wdh;kfha .Kldêldßjrhd úiska miq.sh jif¾ ,dN$mdvq

f,aLkh ilid ,ndÿka miq jHdmdr ysñlre Tyqf.a jHdmdrh ,dN ,nk ;;a;ajhl
mj;skafka hehs y÷kd .kakd ,§' th Tyqg ,enqK f;dr;=rls' ta wkqj ;u jHdmdrhg
iïnkaO kj YdLdjla újD; lsÍug ;SrKh lrk ,§' fuu ;SrKh Tyq úiska .kakd ,oafoa
jHdmdrfha ,dN ;;a;ajh ms<sn| ,enqKq f;dr;=re mokï lrf.kh'

³ m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh i|yd

rch iy fjk;a wdh;k ;u rg ;=< isÿlrkq ,nk úúO ld¾hhka i|yd m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï
lrkq ,efí' wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s" wOHdmk m%;sm;a;s" fi!LH m%;sm;a;s WodyrKhka fõ' fm!oa.,sl
wdh;khka jqjo ;u wdh;kh wNHka;r lghq;= id¾:lj mj;ajdf.k hdug m%;sm;a;s ieliSï
isÿlrkq ,efí' fuu m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh lsÍfï § Tjqkg f;dr;=re wjYH fõ' f;dr;=re fkdue;sj
m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï lsÍfï ld¾hh isÿlsÍu wmyiqh' ta wkqj m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï lsÍfï ld¾hh i|yd
f;dr;=re wjYH fõ'

³ wkdjels m<lsÍu i|yd

wkd.;fha isÿúh yels isoaêhla iïnkaOj bÈßm;a lrk woyila wkdjelshla f,i
ye|skafõ' wkd.;fha isÿúh yels isoaêhla ms<sn| wkdjels m<lsÍug mdol lr.kq ,nkafka
j¾;udkfha mj;akd f;dr;=re h' fuh WodyrKhla ;=<ska y÷kd .ksuq' my; oelafjkafka jHdmdr
wdh;khl miq.sh jir 05 l ld,fha tu wdh;kh ,ndf.k we;s ,dN ;;a;ajhka ksrEmKh lrkq
,nk m%ia;dr igykls'

DP Education 8 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

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25
20
15
10
5
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1'1 m%ia:dr igyk

by; m%ia:dr igyk wOHlaIl uKav, /iaùug bÈßm;a l, miq Tjqka úiska wkdjels M,
lrk ,§'
 wdh;kh È.ska È.gu mdvq ,ndf.k we;s neúka bÈßfha § fiajlhska bj;a lsÍug isÿúh
yel'

fuu wkdjels Tjqka bÈßm;a lrkq ,enqfõ ;uka fj; ,enQ f;dr;=re mokï lrf.khs' ta wkqj
f;dr;=re" wkdjels M, lsÍug fhdod.kakd nj Tng meyeÈ,s fõ'

WodyrKhla f,i ld,.=K úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j bÈß ld,fha ld,.=Kh ms<sn| wkdjels M,
lsÍfï § miq.sh f;dr;=re ta i|yd Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,efí'

³ ie,iqï lsÍu iy wëlaIK ld¾hhka i|yd

wdh;khla ;u wruqKq bgq lr.ekSSu i|yd ie,iqï u; lghq;= l< hq;=hs' tfia ie,iqula
ilia lr tu ie,iqï u; lghq;= lsÍfï § wëlaIK ld¾hh b;d jeo.;ah' wëlaIKh ;=<ska
ie,iqug wkqj <.d lr f.k we;s b,lalhka fukau miqnEï y÷kd .ekSfï yelshdj mj;S' ie,iqï
ilia lsÍfï § fukau wëlaIKh lsÍu i|yd o f;dr;=re b;d jeo.;a fõ'

1'2'2 w;ayr
q e l%uj,ska o;a; yd f;dr;=re yeisrùfï § we;s jk miqnEï

o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;a lr,Su i|yd w;S;fha § idïm%odhsl l%ufõohka Ndú;d flreKs'
w;S;fha § muKla fkdj j¾;udkfha fndfyda wdh;khkays fï i|yd ;ju;a idïm%odhsl l%u Ndú;d
lrkq ,efí' WodyrKhla f,i .=rejrfhla jdr úNd.hla wjidkfha § ;u mka;sfha isiqka tla tla
úIh i|yd ,nd.;a ,l=Kq tl;= lr ta ;=<ska ,nd.kakd f;dr;=re u; mx;sfha m<uq jekshd"
fojekshd wd§ jYfhka YsIH jd¾;dj ilik wdldrh .ek is;kak' fuh w;ayqre l%ufõohls'

fuu WodyrKhg wkqj .=rejrhdg ieliSug isÿjk o;a;" m%udKd;aulj b;d iq¿ m%udKhls'
isiqka 40 fofkl= muKla isák mx;shl" isiqfjla úIhhka 9la i|yd fmkS isà kï tys mj;akd
o;a; m%udKd;aulj b;d wvq w.hls'

kuq;a idudkH jHdmdr f,dalfha fukau rdcH wdh;khka ys lsishï f;dr;=rla ,nd.ekSug
o;a; úYd, m%udKhla fhdod .kakd wjia:d olakg ,efí' YS% ,xldj ck ix.Kkh" Èklg .Kqfokq
úYd, m%udKhla isÿjk jHdmdr wdh;khl ,dN mdvq m%udKhka jirla wjidkfha .Kkh lsÍu
tjeks wjia:djkag WodyrK fõ'

by; olajd we;s wjia:djkays w;ayqre l%uhg f;dr;=re ,nd .kakd úg tu f;dr;=rej,
jákdlula fkdue;s jk wjia:d o mj;S' thg fya;=j f;dr;=re ,efnk wjia:dj jk úg tu

DP Education 9 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

f;dr;=re j,ska .; yels m%fhdackhla fkdue;s ùuhs' WodyrKhla f,i jHdmdrhl ,dN mdvq j,g
wod, .sKqï jd¾;d udislj fyda ffokslj ,nd .;fyd;a jHdmdßl ;;a;ajh ms<sn| ,nd .kakd
wjfndaOh u; mdvq ,nk wjia:d y÷kdf.k tajdg ms<shï fh§ug yelshdj we;' kuq;a idïm%odhsl
l%ufõo Tiafia o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;a lr,Su isÿ lsÍfï §" tkï ñksid úiska ;u uki" ldhsl
yelshdjka fhdod f.k isÿ lsÍu;a" tlu ld¾hh mqoa.,hska lsysm fofkl= úiska kej; kej; lsÍug
isÿùu;a ksid jeä ld,hla .;fõ' fuys§ meyeÈ,s jk lreKla jkqfha idïm%odhsl l%ufõohka
Tiafia o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;a lr,Sfï ls%hdj,sh isÿ lsÍug hdfï §" o;a; m%udKh jeäùu u;
.;jk ld,h o jeä jk njhs' kuq;a f;dr;=rej, jákdlu Wmßu f,i r|d mj;skafka ld,h Y=kH
jk wjia:dfõ§h' tneúka ld,hla .; ù lsishï f;dr;=rla ,nd.ekSu ;=< tajdfha jákdlu o wvq
fõ'

ta wkqj idïm%odhsl o;a; ieliSfï l%ufõofha mj;akd ÿ¾j,;d my; whqßka idrdxY lr
oelaùug mq¿jk'

1' ld,h úYd, jYfhka jeh ùu'

2' jeä msßjehla oeÍug isÿùu'

idïm%odhsl l%ufõo Tiafia o;a; ieliSug ñksia Y%uh jeä jYfhka Ndú;d lsÍug isÿfõ'
tu ksid jeä msßjehla oeÍug isÿfõ'

3' ,efnk f;dr;=re ld,dkqrEmS fkdùu ksid tajdfha jákdlula fkdue;s ùu'

wdh;khl ,dN mdvq oelafjk .sKqu wod, .sKqï jir wjidkfha § ilia lr wjika lsÍug
fkdyels jqjdhehs is;kak' tu jd¾;dj m%udo ù ,nd .;fyd;a wod, ld,h ;=< wdh;kfha
,dN fyda mdvq ;;a;ajhka ms<sn| ksjerÈ wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSug fkdyels jkq we;'

4' ,nd.kakd f;dr;=re ms<sn| úYajikSh;ajhla fkdue;s ùu'

ñksia Y%uh Wmfhda.S lrf.k o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;alr,Sfï ls%hdj,sh ;=<§ fkdie,ls,a,"
wld¾hlaIu nj" wjYH oekqu fkdue;s ùu wd§ fya;= u; ,ndfok f;dr;=re ksjerÈ fkdùug
mq¿jk'

5' ukao.dó;ajh'

we;eï úg fiajlhska" Tjqka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk jeä jegqma yd §ukd fkd,eîu u; is;d u;d
ld¾hhka ukao.dój isÿlsÍug fm<öu isÿfõ'

by; lreKq foi ne,Sfï § meyeÈ,s jkafka idïm%odhsl l%ufõohka Tiafia o;a; f;dr;=re njg
m;a lr,Sfï ld¾hh ;=< ÿ¾j,;d rdYshla olakg ,efnk njhs'

1'2'3 ñksia cSú;j,g wk;=rla úh yels wjia:dj, yia; uQ,sl l%u Ndú;d l< fkdyels ùu'

we;eï ia:dkj, mj;akd o;a; talrdYS lsÍu i|yd ñksia Y%uh fhdod .ekSug fkdyel'
úfYaIfhka ñksidg ,Õd úh fkdyels ia:dkhka ys mj;akd o;a;" talrdYS lsÍug fkdyels ia:dkj,
mj;akd f;dr;=re wdÈh talrdYS lsÍu i|yd ;dlaIKsl Wmdx. fhdod .ekSug isÿfõ' we;eï ia:dkj,
f;dr;=re talrdYS lsÍug hdu ;=<ska ñksia cSú; j,g ydks isÿùug o yelshdj mj;S' tjeks ia:dkj,
f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSug ;dlaIKsl l%ufõohla fhdod .kq ,efí'

DP Education 10 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

1'2'4 f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK hq.fha Wodj

o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;alr,Sfï ld¾hh i|yd ;dlaIK Ndú;d lsÍug fhduqùu hq. lsysmhl
hgf;a isÿúh' wo jk úg th b;d by< uÜgul mj;S' úfYaIfhka mß.Kl hka;%h jHdmdßl
jYfhka fukau mqoa.,sl jYfhka mßyrKh lsÍug yels fuj,ula njg m;aùu;a wvq ñ< .Kklg
mß.Kl hka;%h iy Bg wh;a Wmdx. ñ,§ .ekSfï yelshdj;a" mß.Kl Ndú;d lsÍug yels udkj
iïm; jeäùu;a iuÕ o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;alr,Sfï ld¾hh i|yd jeä jYfhka ;dlaIKh Ndú;d
lsÍug fhduqj we;'

fndfyda ñksia ls%hdldrlï i|yd ;dlaIKsl úi÷ï fï jk úg ,nd§ we;' tu.ska ffokslj
ñksiqka uqyqK fok cSjk .eg¿ i|yd f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh M,odhS f,i úiÿï
,nd§ug fhdod .kq ,efí' f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK fhdod fkd.kakd flfkl= fyda
ia:dkhla fkdue;s ;rug j¾;udkfha th jHdma; ù we;'

³ o;a; yeisrùfï w;ayqre l%uj, miqnEï uevmeje;aùu i|yd f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh
fhdod .ekSu'

yia;uh f;dr;=re moaO;s Wmfhda.S lrf.k o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;alr .ekSfï § we;sjk
ÿ¾j,;d uÕyrjd .ekSug f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S úh' yia;uh f;dr;=re
moaO;sj, mej;s ÿ¾j,;djhka jk ld,h .;ùu" ksjerÈNdjhla fkdue;s ùfï bvlv" jeä msßjehla
oeÍug isÿùu" o;a; .nvd lsÍug jeä bv m%udKhla wjYH ùu wd§ ish¿ .eg¿ i|yd f;dr;=re yd
ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh uÕska ms<s;=re ,efí'

tneúka j¾;udkfha iEu wdh;khla u f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S

lr.kq ,efí' WodyrKhla f,i l=vd fjf<|ie,la jqjo ;u mdßfNda.slhdg ì,am;a ,nd§u i|yd
f;dr;=re ;dlaIKfhka iukaú; fuj,ï Ndú;d lsÍula olakg ,efí'

³ f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh jeo.;a jkafka wehs@

mß.Kl ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj;a iu. iudcfha fndfyda fËa;% b;d fõ.j;a ixj¾Okhla
,ndf.k we;' tfukau bf,lafg%dksl fukau fjk;a ;dlaIKsl fuj,ï ÈhqKqùug mß.Kl
;dlaIKh WmldÍ ù we;' fujeks fjkiaùïj,g ,la jQ wjia:d lsysmhla my; wdldrfhka y÷kd
.; yel'

 m%;siu ^Analog& ;dlaIKfhka ilia lr ;snqKq ÿrl:k" leurd" rEmjdyskS jeks hka;% wo
wxls; ^Digital& ;dlaIKh Ndú;d lr ksmojd we;' fï ;=<ska msßjeh wvqfjka b;d by<
.=Kdx.hka f.ka hqla;j tajd ksmoùug yelshdj ,eî we;'
 wdrlaIl leurd moaO;s jeks wdrlaIl WmlrK idudkH WmlrK njg m;aj we;' fïjd
oekg ;sfnk ;;a;ajh olajd ÈhqKq ù ;sfnkafka mß.Kl ;dlaIKh ksidh'
 j¾;udkfha mj;akd jdykj, ls%hdldÍ;ajh tajdfha wvx.= lr we;s mß.Kl uÕska md,kh
flf¾' tu fudag¾ r:j, ld¾ñl fodaI fiùugo mß.Kl fhdod .efka' fï ksid fudag¾
r:j, ls%hdldÍ;ajh Wiia ù ;sfí' tfukau tajdfha fodaI y÷kd .ekSug o fuu ;dlaIKh
fhdod .ekSu isÿfõ'

DP Education 11 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

  ffjoH fËa;%fha ÈhqKqjg mß.Kl ;dlaIKh fnfyúka WmldÍ ù ;sfí' ffjoH m¾fhaIK
lghq;=j, isg ie;alï isÿlsÍu olajd jQ úúO ld¾hhka i|yd mß.Kl ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S
lr.kq ,efí' tfiau kQ;kfha § YÍrfha reêr uÜgu mÍlaId lr fmkaùu i|yd YÍrhgu
iúl< yels l=vd Ömhla ksmoùug W;aidy .ksñka ;sfí' fuhska fmkS hkafka mß.Kl
;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj ffjoH fËa;%hg fhdod .ekSu;a ta ;=<ska ñksidf.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh by<
uÜgul r|jd .ekSug;a odhl ù we;s njhs'

1'2'5 f;dr;=re iuqoaOrKh ^Retrieval& yd fnod .ekSu yd ne÷kq ;dlaIKhka

lsishï udOHhl wvx.= lr we;s f;dr;=re úiófï yelshdj f;dr;=re iuqoaOrKh f,i
ye|skafõ' f;dr;=re iuqoaOrKh i|yd fukau tajd ikaksfõokh lsÍu i|yd Ndú;d jk ;dlaIKsl
l%ufõohka fukau idïm%odhsl l%ufõohka lsysmhla mj;S' ta w;ßka j¾;udkfha nyq,ju Ndú;d
lrkq ,nkafka ;dlaIKsl l%ufõohka h' ;dlaIKsl l%ufõohka b;du;a ld¾hlaIu ùu Bg fya;=jhs'
fuu l%ufõohka my; olajd we;'

³ idïm%odhsl ikaksfõok ;dlaIKhka

 Yíohla Wmfhda.S lrf.k ikaksfõokh
 ;,am;
 ,smshla Ndú;d lsÍu
 mqj;am;a" iÕrd

³ kQ;k ikaksfõok ;dlaIKhka

 Bfï,a uÕska
 flá mKsúvhla Wmfhda.S lr.ekSu
 fjí wvúhla fyda fm!oa.,sl fjí wvú Ndú;h

idïm%odhsl ikaksfõok l%ufõohka uÕska ikaksfõokh lsÍfï § jeä ld,hla .;úh'

tfukau ta i|yd jeämsßjehla oeÍug o isÿúh' kuq;a f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh mokï
lrf.k isÿlrkq ,nk ikaksfõokfha § b;du;a flá ld,hla ;=< wvq msßjehla hgf;a ikaksfõok
ld¾hhka isÿ lsÍfï yelshdj mj;S'

1'2'6 mß.Kl cd, iy wka;¾cd,h ìysùu

f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj;a iuÕ f,djg tla jQ uyÕ= odhdohls wka;¾cd,h'
th f,dj mqrd msysá mß.Kl cd,j, tl;=jls' f,dal m%cdj iu. f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh lr
.ekSug j¾;udkfha we;s fõ.j;au ud¾.h ^Information Super Highway& wka;¾cd,hhs'

uq,a ld,fha fndfyda fokd tla mß.Klhl mj;akd o;a; ;j;a mß.Klhla fj;
ikaksfõokh lr .ekSu i|yd úúO m¾fhaIKhka ys ksr; úh' ta wkqj 1960 § fca'iS'wd¾' ,sla,Sv¾
^J.C.R. Licklider& yd frdnÜ ví' fÜ,¾ ^Robert W. Taylor& kue;s m¾fhaIlhska wka;¾cd,hg wod,
ixl,amhla fhdackd lrk ,§' fuu ld,fha§ u ARPANET jHdmD;sh weußldfõ wdrlaIl
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ uQ,H odhl;ajh hgf;a wdrïN jQ w;r ta ;=<ska o;a; melÜgq cd,hla ;=<ska
iïfm%aIKh lsÍu iïnkaOj m¾fhaIK lsÍu wdrïN lrk ,§'

DP Education 12 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka wka;¾cd,h ìysúh' tuÕska úYaj úisß úhuk wdrïN jQ w;r fjí
wvú Wmfhda.S lrf.k f;dr;=re ,nd§u isÿfõ' wo jk úg úYaj úisß úhuk f;dr;=re ,nd§ug
Ndú;d lrkq ,nk iqúfYaIS udOHhla ù we;' Bg wu;rj Bfï,a mKsúv fhduq lsÍfï yelshdj o ,eî
we;' Bfï,a Ndú;h ;=<ska f;dr;=re iïfm%aIKh lsÍu rdcH fukau fm!oa.,sl wdh;k ;=<;a"
mqoa.,hka w;r;a jvd;a m%p,s; ùug fya;=j ù we;af;a b;d blaukska tla ia:dkhl isg ;j;a
ia:dkhlg f;dr;=re yqjudre lsÍug we;s yelshdj ksidhs'

ta wkqj wo jk úg wka;¾cd,h ksid uq¿ f,dalhu úYaj .ïudkhla ^Global Village& njg m;a ù
we;'

1'2'7 cx.u ikaksfõokfha ÈhqKqj iy j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amh

ikaksfõokh jvd;a ÈhqKq wjêhlg m;aj we;' w;S;fha ikaksfõokh hk jpkh iSud ù
mej;=fka yv iïfm%aIKhg muKs' kuq;a j¾;udkfha ikaksfõokh ;=< yvg wu;rj o;a;
iïfm%aIKh o m%uqL;ajhla .kS'

o;a; iïfm%aIKh jvd;a ÈhqKq ;;a;ajhg m;aj we;s j¾;udkfha jHdmdr wdh;k fukau
mqoa.,hska ;ukag wjYH o;a; wka;¾cd,h yd iïnkaO ù ÿria: ia:dkhka ys ;nd f.k Ndú;d
lsÍug fhduq ù we;' o;a; muKla fkdj ta yd iïnkaO ish¿ ;dlaIKsl ld¾hhka wka;¾cd,h
Tiafia isÿlr.ekSug fhduq ù we;' fï yd iïnkaOj ìys jQ kj ixl,amhla f,i j<dl=¿ mß.Kl
ixl,amh y÷kajd §ug mq¿jk'

³ j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amh

f;dr;=re ;dlaIKsl Wmdx. iy fiajdjka j,g wka;¾cd,h Tiafia m%fõY ùfï l%ufõohla
f,i j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amh y÷kajd §ug mq¿jk' wm Ndú;d lrk cx.u Wmdx." fm!oa.,sl
mß.Kl ;=< ilikhkaf.a fõ.h" o;a; wdpdhk yelshdj wvq uÜgul mj;S' tfukau wmg wjYH
ish¿u uDÿldx. ^Application& ia:dms; lr fkd;sìh yel' j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amh fuhg úi÷ula
,nd§ we;'

wka;¾cd,fha ish¿u uDÿldx. ia:dms; lr we;s i¾jrhlg iïnkaO ù leu;s uDÿldx.hla

^Application& Ndú;d lr Tng wjYH o;a; ilid .ekSug;a" tfia ilid .kakd o;a; fyda fï jk úg
Tnf.a mß.Kl ;=< we;s o;a; tu i¾j¾ ;=< ;ekam;a lr ;nd .ekSug;a" wjYH úfgl f,dj ´kEu
ia:dkhl isg tu o;a; fj; m%fõY ùfï yelshdj;a j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amh ;=<ska Tng ,efí'
j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amh yd iïnkaO ùug wjYH uQ,sl myiqlï jkafka mß.Klhla fyda cx.u
ÿrl;khla" fjí w;ßlaIqjla iy wka;¾cd, myiqlï muKs'

j<dl=¿ ixl,amh ^Cloud Computing& ixl,amh uq,ajrg bÈßm;a lrk ,oafoa 1960 j¾Ifha
John McCarthy úisks' kuq;a wka;¾cd, myiqlï ÈhqKq uÜgulg m;ajQfha uE;l § neúka j<dl=¿
mß.Kl ixl,amh 2009 ka miqj jvd;a ckm%sh úh'

j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amfha ,laIK

 f,dj ´kEu ia:dkhl isg o;a; yd fiajdjka fj; m%fõY ùfï yelshdj'
 iS.%fhka j¾Okh ùu'

DP Education 13 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

  úYajdikSh;ajh'
 fm!oa.,sl mß.Kl ;=< mj;akd o;a;j,g jvd by< wdrlaIdjla mej;Su'
 mßyrKhg wkqj f.ùï lsÍfï yelshdj'
 ia:dk fhojqï j,ska iajdëk ù Ndú;d lsÍfï yelshdj'
 by< kv;a;=j'
 ld¾hlaIu;dj by< ùu'

j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amh yd iïnkaO ixrpl

 fiajd,dNs mß.Kl ^Client Computers&
 fiajd iemhqï mß.Kl ^Distributed Servers&
 o;a; uOHia:dk ^Data Center&

³ j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amh uÕska bgq flfrk m%Odk fiajd

há;, myiqlï fiajdjla f,i ,nd§u - ^Infrastructure as a service - laas&
mßYS,lhdg ;u mß.Klfha wu;r uDÿldx. ia:dmkh fkdlr tfukau fjk;a oDVdx. Ndú;d
fkdlr wka;¾cd,fha i¾jrhla ;=< we;s uDÿldx. Ndú;d lr ;u ld¾hhka isÿlr.ekSfï
yelshdj" fufyhqï moaO;s myiqlï Ndú;d lsÍfï yelshdj fï kñka ye|skafõ'

ixj¾Ok mßirh fiajdjla f,i - ^Platform as a Service - Paas&

uDÿldx. ks¾udKh lsÍu" mÍlaId lsÍu" tajd ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd mßirhla ,nd§fï wruqKska
fuu fiajdj ls%hd;aul fõ' mß.Kl NdId mßirh" o;a; iuqodh iy fjí fiajdodhl mß.Kl
hk myiqlï ish,a, fuuÕska ,nd.; yelsh'

mß.Kl jevigyka ks¾udKlrejkag fuu fiajdj jvd;a .e,fma'

uDÿldx. fiajdjla f,i - ^Software as a Service - Saas&

;u mß.Klh ;=< uDÿldx. ia:dmkh fkdlr wka;¾cd,h Tiafia i¾j¾ ;=< ia:dmkh lr we;s
uDÿldx. Ndú;d lsÍfï myiqlu fï kñka ye|skafõ'

DP Education 14 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 há;, myiqlï
fiajdjla f,i
Laptops Desktops
,nd§u (laaS)
Wl=¿ mß.Kl ixj¾Ok mßir fïi mß.Kl
fiajdjla f,i
(PaaS)

uDÿldx. fiajdjla
f,i (SaaS)

Tablets
Phones
geí
cx.u ÿrl;k
j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amh
1'4 rEmigyk

³ j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amfha jdis

 cx.u Wmdx. Ndú;h jvd;a m%p,s; ùu ksid mqoa.,hskag tu Wmdx. ;=<ska o;a; iy
f;dr;=re iuÕ lghq;= lsÍfï wjia:dj ,nd§u Tjqkaf.a ld¾hhka i|yd myiqjla ùu'

 wvq msßjehla hgf;a uDÿldx. Ndú;d lsÍug;a" o;a; .nvd lr ;nd .ekSug;a yelshdj ,eîu'

 cx.u Wmdx.j,g negßhla uÕska úoHq;h ,nd§u isÿjk neúka o;a; ieliSu jeks ld¾hhka
isÿ lsÍfï § blaukska negßfha n,h wvqfõ' kuq;a o;a; ieliSu tu Wmdx.fhka neyer
ia:dkhl isÿ ùug ie,eiaùu uÕska negßfha n,h È.= fõ,djla mj;ajd .ekSfï yelshdj'

 kv;a;= lsÍfï .eg¿ wju ùu'

 j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amfha myiqlï ,ndfok wdh;k ;u i¾j¾ ;=< ia:dms; lr we;s
uDÿldx. ks;r hdj;ald,Sk isÿlrk neúka mßYS,lg hdj;ald,Sk jQ uDÿldx. Ndú;d lsÍfï
yelshdj ,eîu'

 ;dlaIKsl jYfhka jeäÈhqKq lrk ,o mßirhlg iïnkaO ù lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj'

 iSud rys; wdpdhk Odß;djh'

³ j<dl=¿ mß.Kl ixl,amfha wjdis

 wka;¾cd, iïnkaO;djh fkdlvjd wjYH ùu'
 wvq fõ. iïnkaO;d mj;akd wjia:djkays § ls%hdldÍ;ajh my< uÜgul mej;Su'

1'3 f;dr;=re ks¾udKh lsÍfï úhqla; wdlD;shla f.dvk.d f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok

;dlaIKh iu. tys wkql+,;dj we.hSu

1'3'1 o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;alr,Su i|yd mß.Kl hka;%h Ndú;d lsÍu'

lsishï jQ wruqKla bgq lr.ekSu i|yd wka;¾ iïnkaëlrKhla iys;j ls%hd;aul jk

ixrplj, tl;=jla moaO;shla f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' moaO;shlg WodyrKhla f,i mdi,la oelaùug
DP Education 15 ICT – A/L - Unit -01
mq¿jk' mdi,lg wruqKla mj;S' mdi,l wruqK jkafka nqoaêu;a orefjl= iudch fj; ìys lsÍuhs'
fï i|yd mdi, kue;s moaO;sh ;=< bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh isÿfõ' .=rejreka" mß.Kl ldurh"
mqia;ld,h" mßmd,k wxYh jeks ixrpl lsysmhla mdi, ;=< mj;sk w;r tajd w;r wka;¾
iïnkaëlrKhla iys;j ls%hd;aul fõ' tfukau mdi, kue;s moaO;sfha m%;sodkh jkafka nqoaêu;a
orefjls'

j¾;udkfha wm Ndú;d lrkq ,nk wxls; mß.Klhla o moaO;shla f,i ie,lsh yel' tys
ld¾hh my; whqßka oelaùug mq¿jk'

 o;a; iy Wmfoia wodk f,i ,nd.ekSu'

 tajd .nvd lr ;ndf.k wjYH wjia:dj, § Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'
 o;a; ilia lr tajd m%fhdackj;a f;dr;=re njg mßj¾;kh lrkq ,efí'
 tu f;dr;=re m%;sodkh lrkq ,nhs'
 by; olajd we;s mshjr md,kh lsÍu mß.Klfha we;s md,k tallh uÕska isÿlrkq ,nhs'

by; oelajQ ld¾hhka w;r o;a; wdodkh lr .ekSu" tajd f;dr;=re njg ieliSu iy ilia
lrk ,o f;dr;=re m%;sodkh lsÍu isÿfõ' ta wkqj mß.Kl moaO;shl wruqK jkafka o;a; f;dr;=re
njg mßj¾;kh lsÍuhs' tu wruqKq bgq lr.ekSu i|yd mß.Klhg iïnkaO Wmdx. w;r
wkaa;¾ iïnkaëlrKhla mj;S'

ta wkqj mß.Kl moaO;shl uQ,sl ld¾hhka f;dr;=re ms<sn| úhqla; wdlD;sfha ls%hdldÍ;ajh
iuÕ b;d fyd|ska ieifoa'

wdodk ieliqu m%;sodkh

inputc Process Output
f;dr;=re ms<sn| jHqla; wdlD;sh 1'5
rEmigyk

1'4 mß.Kl moaO;shl uQ,sl ixrpl iy j¾.SlrKh

mß.Klhg iïnkaOj lghq;= lrk mqoa.,hka" WmlrK iy ta ;=< ;ekam;a lr we;s

jevigyka ish,a, mß.Kl moaO;shla hkqfjka ye|skafõ' mß.Kl moaO;shl mj;akd fuu ixrpl
my; whqßka fldgia ;=klg fnod olajkq ,efí'

1' oDVdx. ^Hardware&

2' uDÿldx. ^Software&
3' cSúldx. ^Liveware&

1'4'1 oDVdx. ^Hardware&

mß.Klhg iïnkaO tfukau mshú weig fmfkk fN!;slj w;ska iam¾Y l< yels ish¿u
fldgia oDVdx. kñka ye|skafõ' mß.Kl ;Srh" uqøK hka;%h" h;=re mqjrej" uOHu ieliqï tallh
fï i|yd WodyrK f,i oelaùug mq¿jk'

DP Education 16 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 mß.Kl hka;%hl ndysr WmlrK iys; rEmigykla
1'6 rEmigyk

mß.Klhl wNHka;rfha mj;akd oDVdx. iys; rEmigykla

1'7 rEmigyk

by; rEmigyk ;=<ska olajd we;s ish¿u fldgia Tng ndysrj olakg fkd,efí' tajd
mß.Klfha System Unit tl ;=<g iïnkaO lr we;'

³ oDVdx. ixrpl j¾.SlrKh

mß.Klhlg iïnkaO lr we;s oDVdx. o;a; ieliSfï ls%hdj,sh i|yd olajk odhl;ajh
wkqj j¾.SlrKh lrkq ,efí' tu j¾.SlrKh my; whqßka y÷kd .; yel'

DP Education 17 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

³ wdodk Wml%u ^Input Devices&
o;a; iy Wmfoia mß.Klhg we;=<;a lsÍug Ndú;d lrk ish¿u oDVdx. wdodk Wml%u
hkqfjka ye|skafõ' tajd my; olajd we;'

 h;=re mqjrej ^keyboard&

 äcsg,a leurdj ^Digital Camera&
 ;Srefla; lshjkh ^Bar Code Reader&
 .%e*sla fÜn,a ^Graphic Table&
 g%elafnda,a ^Track ball&
 uQislh ^Mouse&
 fjâ leurdj ^Web Camera&
 uhsfl%df*dakh ^Microphone&
 fcdhsiaála ^Joystick&

³ m%;sodk Wml%u ^Output Devices&

mß.Klhg we;=<;a l< o;a; ieliSu isÿjQ miq tys m%;sM,hka ndysr f,dalhg ,nd.ekSu
i|yd iïnkaO lr we;s WmlrK fï kñka ye|skafõ' fïjd my; whqßka y÷kd .; yel'

 mß.Kl ;Srh ^Monitor&

 nyq udOH m%lafIamlh ^Projector&
 maf,dg¾ ^Plotter&
 uqøK hka;%h ^Printer&
 iamSl¾ ^Speaker&

by; j¾.S;rKhg wu;rj mß.Kl moaO;shla yd iïnkaOj mj;akd oDVdx. my; whqßka o
y÷kd .ekSug yelshdj we;'

³ mß.Kl tallh wNHka;rfha wka;¾.; lr we;s oDVdx.

mß.Klh wdikakhg .sh úg Tfí oEig tljr fkdfmfkk kuq;a mß.Kl tallh
we;=,; wka;¾.; lr we;s oDVdx. fuys úia;r lr we;' tu oDVdx. my; wdldr fõ'

 ujqmqjrej ^Motherboard&
 oDV ;eáh ^Hard Drive - HDD&
 uOHu ieliqï tallh ^Central Processing Unit - CPU&
 m%Odk u;l tallh ^Random Access Memory - RAM&
 cj iemhqu ^Power Supply&
 úäfhda ldâ ^Video Card&
 ixhqla; ;eá Odjlh ^Optical Drive&

1'4'2 uDÿldx. ^Software&

mß.Klhla ls%hd;aul jkafka;a tuÕska úúO ld¾hhka isÿ lrkq ,nkafka;a thg ,ndfok
Wmfoia j,g wkqjh' mß.Klhg Wmfoia ,nd§u i|yd mß.Kl NdId Ndú;d l< hq;=h' mß.Kl
NdIdjka uÕska úúO ld¾hhka i|yd ,ndfok Wmfoia ud,djka uDÿldx. kñka ye|skafõ' mß.Kl
uDÿldx. tajdfhka isÿjk ld¾hh wkqj j¾. lsysmhlg fnod olajkq ,efí' tajd my; whqßka y÷kd
DP Education 18 ICT – A/L - Unit -01
.ekSug mq¿jk'

³ uDÿldx. j¾.SlrKh
f;dr;=re ms<sn| jHqla; wdlD;sh 1'5
uDÿldx.

moaO;s uDÿldx. fh÷ï uDÿldx.

fufyhqï moaO;s
NdId mßj¾;l jevigyka
Wmldrl uDÿldx.

uDÿldx. j¾.SlrKh
1'8 rEmigyk

³ fufyhqï moaO;s uDÿldx. ^System Software&

mß.Klhg iïnkaO lr we;s oDVdx. iuÕ iïnkaO ù tajd Ndú;d lsÍug wjYH
w;=reuqyqK; iemhSu" u;l l<ukdlrKh" fhÿï uDÿldx. Ndú;hg wjYH myiqlï mßYS,lg
,nd§u" mß.Kl moaO;sfha wdrlaIdj i,id§u" cd,lrK myiqlï iemhSu wd§ ld¾hhka isÿlrkq
,nk uDÿldx. fufyhqï moaO;s f,i ye|skafõ' fufyhqï moaO;s uDÿldx. fkdue;sj mß.Klhla
Ndú;d lsÍfï yelshdj mßYS,lfhl=g fkd,efí' fufyhqï moaO;s uDÿldx. ms<n
s | miajk
mßÉfPaofha § úia;rd;aul j idlÉPd lrkq ,efí'

³ NdId mßj¾;l jevigyka

mß.Kl NdIdjka ieliS we;af;a ñksidg ióm NdIdjla jk bx.S%is wlaIr iy bx.%Sis NdIdfõ
jpk j,sks' tneúka j¾;udkfha Ndú;d lrk mß.Kl NdIdjka by< uÜgfï mß.Kl NdIdjka
f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' bx.%Sis NdIdfjka ,shk ,o fuu Wmfoia ud,djka mß.Klfha ilikhg
f;areï .ekSug fkdyel' ilikhg f;areï.; yels jkafka wvq úÿ,s wjia:djla iy jeä úÿ,s
wjia:djla hk fjda,aàh;d w.hka fol muKs' ta wkqj by< uÜgfï mß.Kl NdIdjlska ilia lrkq
,nk Wmfoia ud,djla hka;%hg f;areï.; yels hka;% NdIdjlg mßj¾;kh lsÍu i|yd Ndú;d
lrkq ,nk jevigyka mßj¾;l jevigyka f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' mßj¾;l jevigyka ms<sn| 09
jk mßÉfPaofha § úia;rd;aulj meyeÈ,s lr we;'

³ Wmldrl uDÿldx. ^Untility Software&

mß.Klhg iïnkaO lr we;s Wmdx. iy .nvd lr we;s jevigyka ksis f,i mj;ajdf.k
hdug Ndú;d lrkq ,nk uDÿldx. Wmldrl uDÿldx. f,i kï lrkq ,efí' fjk;a uDÿldx. iuÕ
iei|Sfï § fuu uDÿldx.j, mj;akd úfYaI;d jk uDÿldx.fha Odß;djh l=vd ùuhs' fndfyda
fufyhqï moaO;s ;=< Wmldrl uDÿldx. tlla fyda lsysmhla wvx.= lr mj;S' Bg wu;rj fjku
uDÿldx.hla f,i ,nd.ekSug o yelshdj we;' Wmldrl uDÿldx. Ndú;d lrkq ,nk wjia:d
lsysmhla my; oelafõ'
1' f.dkq ixfldapkh lsÍu i|yd ^Compressing&
2' äiala mÍlaId lsÍu ^Scanning&

DP Education 19 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 3' ks¾LKavkSlrKh ^Disk Defragment&
4' ffjria mÍlaId lsÍu ^Checking For Viruses&
5' o;a; Wmia:ïN lsÍug ^Backing Up Files&

³ fhÿï uDÿldx. ^Application Software&

ñksidg ;u ffoksl lghq;=j, § mß.Klh uÕska isÿlr .ekSug wjYH jk ld¾hhka

lr.ekSu i|yd ks¾udKh lr we;s uDÿldx. fhÿï uDÿldx. f,i yeÈkafõ' WodyrKhla f,i
wdh;khl .sKqï ieliSu i|yd ilia lr.kakd ,o uDÿldx. f,i ye|skaùug mq¿jk' mß.Kl
fËa;%fha b;d úYd, m%udKhla fhÿï uDÿldx. Ndú;d lrhs' jHdmdßl wdh;k fukau mqoa.,sl
uÜgfuka o fhÿï uDÿldx. ilia lr ;u lghq;= i|yd fhdod .kq ,efí'

fhÿï uDÿldx." tajdfhka bgq lr.; yels ld¾hhka wkqj j¾. lsÍula isÿ lrkq ,efí' ta
w;ßka m%Odk j¾. lsysmhla my; olajd we;'

³ iaÓrdx. ^Firmware&

oDVdx. ;=<g iaÓrj we;=<;a lr we;s uDÿldx. fï kñka ye|skafõ' fujeks uDÿldx. iaÓrdx.
f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' mß.Klfha mGk ud;% u;lh ^Read Only Memory& ;=< mj;akd BIOS
uDÿldx.h iaÓrdx. j,g WodyrKhla f,i oelaùug mq¿jk'

³ uDÿldx. ffk;sl ;;a;ajh wkqj j¾. lsÍu

n,m;% iys; uDÿldx. ^License Software&

uqo,a f.jd Ndú;d lsÍfï ysñlula ,nd.; hq;= uDÿldx. n,m;% iys; uDÿldx. f,i
ye|skafõ' n,m;% iys; uDÿldx. ,nd.;a Èk isg lsishï ld,hla .; jQ miq kej; fiajd .dia;=jla
f.jd w¨;a lsÍula isÿl< hq;=hs' úfYaIfhka uhsfl%dfid*aÜ iud.fuka ilia lr we;s uDÿldx.
fndfydauhla fufia uqo,a f.jd ,nd.; hq;=hs' tfia uqo,a f.jd ,nd.; hqq;= uDÿldx. jqjo"
wka;¾cd,h Tiafia fkdñf,a ,nd.ekSfï yelshdj mj;S' kuq;a tfia ,ndf.k Ndú;d lsÍu nqoaêuh
foam, mk; hgf;a ovqjï ,eìh yels jrols'
Wod (- Windows Operating System, Microsoft Office, Kaspersky

³ újD; uDÿldx. ^Open Source Software&

újD; uDÿldx. i|yd uqo,a f.ùula isÿlsÍu wjYH ke;' fkdñf,a ,ndf.k Ndú;d l< yels
fuu uDÿldx. ks¾udKh lr we;af;a iafjÉPd wdh;k fyda mqoa.,hska úisks' fuu uDÿldx. Ndú;d
lsÍug" fnod yeÍug" fukau fjkia lsÍugo mßYS,lhskag wjir ;sfí' fuu uDÿldx.
wka;¾cd,fhka ,ndf.k Ndú;d lsÍug mq¿jk'
Wod (- Linux, Open Office

³ ks¾udKh lrjd .kakd ,o uDÿldx. ^Bespoke Software&

hï wdh;khla fyda mqoa.,fhla ;u lghq;= i|ydu Tjqkag wjYH f,i ks¾udKh lrjd
.kakd ,o mß.Kl jevigyka fï kñka ye|skafõ' fufia ks¾udKh lr.kakd ,o mß.Kl
jevigyk fjk;a wdh;khl ld¾hhka i|yd Ndú;d lsÍfï yelshdj fkdue;' fujeks uDÿldx.hla
ks¾udKh lrjd .ekSfuka wod, wdh;kh n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkqfha ;ukaf.a lghq;= b;d ld¾hlaIuj

DP Education 20 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

lr.ekSug yelshdj ,efnk f,i ;u wdh;khg .e,fmk uDÿldx. moaO;shla mj;ajdf.k hduhs'
fujeks uDÿldx. moaO;shla ilid .ekSfï § wod, wdh;k uqyK
q fok .eg¿ lsysmhla o mj;S'
uDÿldx. ks¾udKlrKfha fh§ isák wdh;khla fyda mqoa.,fhl=f.a iydh fï i|yd ,nd.ekSug
isÿfõ' tys§ uDÿldx.h ks¾udKh lrjd .ekSug úYd, msßjehla oeÍug isÿfõ' tfukau ta i|yd
úYd, ld,hlao .;ùug bv ;sfí' tfukau hï wjOdkula oeÍug o isÿfõ'

³ fmrksñ uDÿldx. ^Off the shelf Software&

jHdmdßl wdh;khka ys úúO wjYH;d mß.Kl Ndú;fhka bgq lr .ekSu i|yd

fjf<|mf,a wf,úhg ;nd we;s uDÿldx. Off the Shelf uDÿldx. f,i ye|skafõ' Ndú;d lrkq ,nk
wdh;kfha wjYH;djhka bgq lr.ekSfï yelshdj mj;akd f,i fuu uDÿldx. ks¾udKh lr we;'
WodyrKhla f,i uhsfl%dfid*aÜ iud.u uÕska ld¾hd,hka ys ld¾hhka myiqlr .ekSu i|yd ilia
lr we;s Microsoft Office uDÿldx.h oelaúh yelsh' fuu uDÿldx.h fmdÿfõ ´kEu wdh;khlg
Ndú;d lsÍfï yelshdj mj;sk f,i ilia lr we;'

úYd, msßila b,lal lrf.k fuu uDÿldx. ksmojd we;s neúka uDÿldx.h ilia lrk
wdh;khg msgm;a úYd, m%udKhla wf,ú lr .ekSfï yelshdj mj;S' tneúka wvq ñ, .Kklg
uDÿldx. wf,ú l< yel' tfukau fuu uDÿldx. uqo,a f.jd ,nd.ekSug m%:u wka;¾cd,fhka
nd.; lr Ndú;d lr n,d bka miq leu;s kï muKla ,nd.ekSfï yelshdj mej;Su uDÿldx.
,nd.kakd md¾Yjhg ,efnk jdishls'

³ yqjudre uDÿldx. ^Shareware&

lsishï ld,hla i|yd fkdñf,a Ndú;d lsÍug myiqlï ,nd§u fyda uDÿldx.fha mj;sk
myiqlï j,ska fldgila muKla Ndú;d l< yels f,i ,ndfok uDÿldx. fï kñka ye|skafõ'
È.=ld,Skj Ndú;d lsÍug wjYH kï uqo,a f.jd iïmQ¾K uDÿldx.h ,ndf.k È.=ld,Skj Ndú;d l<
yel'

1'4'3 cSúldx. ^Computer Liveware&

mß.Klh yd iïnkaO jk ish¿u udkj mqoa.,hska fï kñka ye|skafõ' ta wkqj mß.Kl yd

iïnkaOj lghq;= lrk jD;a;slhka f,i uDÿldx. ks¾udK Ys,ams ^Programmer&" uDÿldx. jHdmD;s
l<ukdlre ^Project Manager&" moaO;s úYaf,aIl ^System Analyst&" moaO;s bxcsfkare ^System
Engineer&" oDVdx. bxcsfkare ^Hardware Engineer&" .%e*sla ks¾udKlre ^Graphic Designer&" fjí wvú
ks¾udklre ^Web Master&" moaO;s md,l ^Network Administrator& oelaùug mq¿jk'

1'5 o;a; ieliqï cSjk pl%fha ls%hdldrlï úYaf,aIKh

1'5'1 o;a; ieliSfï mshjr
o;a; ieliqï cSjk pl%h mshjr 05 la hgf;a idlÉPd l< yel' tkï"

1' o;a; talrdYS lsÍu - wjYH o;a; /ia lr.ekSu iy mß.Klhg we;=,;a lr.ekSu fuu
mshjrg wod, fõ'
2' o;a; j,x.=;dj - o;a; mß.Klh fj; wdodkh lrk úg ksjerÈj wdodkh lr
.ekSug fhdokq ,nk l%fudamdhka j,x.=;dj f,i ie,fla'

DP Education 21 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

3' o;a; ieliSu - wdodkh lrk ,o o;a; wjYH;djhg wkqj f;dr;=re njg m;alr,Su
ieliSfï wjia:djhs'
4' m%;sodkh - o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;alr tajd ndysr f,dalhg ,nd.ekSu yd
iïnkaO ls%hdj,sh m%;sodkhhs'
5' o;a; .nvdj - o;a; fukau o;a; ieliSfuka ,nd.;a f;dr;=re wkd.; Ndú;h
i|yd .nvd lr ;nd.ekSu fuhg wh;a fõ'

1'5'2 o;a; /ialsÍfï l%u

o;a; tla ia:dkhlg f.dkq lr.ekSu isÿ fkdl<fyd;a tajd f;dr;=re njg m;alr .ekSfï
yelshdjla fkdue;' tneúka o;a; /ia lr.ekSu isÿl< hq;=h' o;a; /ia lr.ekSu wdldr 02 lg
isÿl< yel'

1' yia;uh l%uh Ndú;d lsÍu' ^ñksia Y%uhg uQ,sl;ajh foñka&

2' w¾O iajhxlS%h l%u iy iajhxlS%h o;a; we;=,;a lsÍfï l%u'

yia;uh o;a; /ialsÍfï l%u

³ iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùu

mqoa.,fhla uqyqKg uqyqK yuq ù idlÉPd lsÍfuka o;a; talrdYS lr.ekSug mq¿jk' tfia
fkdue;s kï ÿrl;k ud¾.fhka iïuqL idlÉPdjla meje;aùug mq¿jk' uqyqKg uqyqK yuq ù
mj;ajk iïuqL idlÉPdjkays mj;akd ÿ¾j,;djh jkqfha ta i|yd jeä ld,hla .;ùuhs' tfukau
ÿrl;k ud¾.fhka isÿ lsÍfï § jeä msßjehla oeÍug isÿfõ'

³ mj;akd fmd;a m;a Ndú;fhka

ld¾hnoaO wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu i|yd Ndú;d l< yels ;j;a l%ufõohls' mj;akd fmd;a m;a
wëlaIKh' ta ;=<ska mj;akd moaO;sfha o;a; f,i oekg fhdod.kq ,nkafka fudkjdo@ tajd ilia
lsÍfï § wkq.ukh lrk l%ufõo ms<sn| wjfndaOhla moaO;s úYaf,aIK lKavdhug ,nd.; yel'
WodyrKhla f,i mdi,l mqia;ld,hla i|yd f;dr;=re moaO;shla ixj¾Okh lrkafka hehs is;kak'
wod, mqia;ld,fha fï jk úg idudcsl f;dr;=re igyka lrk fmd; ksÍlaIKh lsÍu ;=<ska
idudcslhskaf.a o;a; f,i ,nd.; hq;af;a fudkjd o hkak y÷kd .ekSug mq¿jk' th fhdacs;
moaO;sfha we;=<;a l< hq;= ld¾hnoaO wjYH;d ksjerÈj y÷kd .ekSug WmldÍ fõ'

³ ksÍlaIKh

hï isoaêhla ksÍlaIKh lsÍu uÕska wjYH o;a; ,nd.ekSug yelshdj mj;S' fndfyda úg fuu
l%uh Ndú;d lrkq ,nkafka idlÉPd lsÍug fyda ,sùug wmyiq tfukau isoaêhla isÿjk wjia:djg
wod,j o;a; talrdYS lr.ekSula isÿl< hq;= wjia:djkays § h'

³ m%Yakdj,s ,nd§u

jeä m%udKhlska o;a; ,nd.ekSug wjYH úfgl m%Yakdj,s Ndú;d lsÍug yelshdj we;' fuu
l%ufõoh ;=<ska o;a; ,nd§ug mqoa.,hska leue;a;la olajkq ,efí' Bg fya;=j ;udf.ka iDcqj m%Yak
wiñka o;a; ,nd.ekSula iy igyka lr.ekSula isÿ lsÍfï § ta ta mqoa.,hska wkqj we;eï
wjia:djkays § o;a; ,nd§ug ue,slula oelaùug yelshdj mej;Suhs' m%Yakdj,s ;=<ska tjeks .eg¿
we;s ùula isÿfkdfõ' kuq;a fuu l%ufõofha we;s ÿ¾j,;djh jkqfha m%Yakdj,s iïmQ¾K lr kej;
,nd§ug mqoa.,hska ;=< Wkkaÿjla fkdue;s ùuhs'

DP Education 22 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

³ w¾O iajhxlS%h iy iajhxlS%h o;a; /ialsÍfï l%u ^Semi Automated and Automated Input
Methods&

f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha m%.ukh;a iu. Èfkka Èk úúO l%fudamdhka mß.Kl

fËa;%hg tl;= fõ' ta wkqj o;a; iajhxlS%hj mß.Klhg wdodkh lsÍu i|yd fuj,ï lsysmhla u
y÷kajd § we;' b;d myiqfjka o;a; wdodkh lr.ekSug fukau ksjerÈj th isÿlr.ekSugo fuu
kj l%fudamdhka WmldÍ ù we;' fï i|yd y÷kajd § we;s fuj,ïj, mj;akd fmdÿ ,laIK lsysmhla
mj;sk w;r tajd my; oelafõ'

 o;a; we;=<;a lsÍfï fõ.h jeäh' fï ksid o;a; úYd, m%udKhla flá fõ,djla ;=<
we;=<;a lsÍfï yelshdj we;'
 jerÈ isÿùfï iïNdú;dj wvqh'
 WmlrK ñ,§ .ekSug jeä msßjehla oeÍug isÿfõ' tfukau fï i|yd Ndú;d lrk we;eï
WmlrK i|yd úfYaI uDÿldx. ,nd.ekSug isÿfõ' tneúka msßjeh by<h'
 mßYS,lhdg WmlrK Ndú;d lsÍu ms<sn|j mqyqKqjla wjYH fõ'

1'5'3 iajhxlS%h o;a; wdodk fuj,ï

1' pqïnl ;Ska; wkq,laIK kshjkh ^Magnetic ink Character Recognition - MICR&
2' m%ldY i,l=Kq lshjkh ^Optical Mark Reading - OMR&
3' m%ldY wkq,laIK lshjkh ^Optical Character Recognition - OCR&
4' ldâm;a$má$,dxPk$pqïnl ;Sre lshjkh ^Magnetic Stripe Reader&
 ldâ ^Optical Cards&
 iaud¾Ü ldâm; ^Smart Card&
5' ;Sre fla; lshjkh
6' ixfõol ^Sensors&
7' ,>qr ^Loggers&

1'5'4 o;a; j,x.= lsÍfï l%u

o;a; Ndú;d lr f;dr;=re ks¾udKh lr.kq ,efí' tfukau f;dr;=re Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka
mqoa.,hska$wdh;k fukau rdcH wdh;k o ;Skaÿ ;SrKj,g fhduq fõ' ta wkqj f;dr;=re i|yd
jákdlula mj;S' tjeks jákdlulska hqla; f;dr;=re ks¾udKh lr.ekSug fhdod.kq ,nk uQ,slu
wuqøjH jkqfha o;a;hs'

lsishï fohla ks¾udKh lsÍug fhdod .kakd wuqøjH b;d fyd| ;;a;ajfha mej;sh hq;=h'
ksjila jeks fN!;sl fohla ks¾udKh lrk wjia:djl§ mjd th wmg m%;HlaI fõ' ksji bÈlsÍug
fhdod .kakd .fvd,a Yla;su;a Ndjfhka wvq kï bÈlrk ksji blaukska úkdY jkq we;' ta yd
iudkj f;dr;=re ieliSug fhdod .kakd o;a; jvd;a ksjerÈ tajd úh hq;=h' o;a; ksjerÈ fkdfõ
kï tuÕska ìysjk f;dr;=re o ksjerÈ fkdfõ' tneúka mß.Klhg we;=<;a lrk o;a;j,
ksjerÈNdjh ;yjqre lr.; hq;=h' ta i|yd fhdod .kakd ;dlaIKsl l%ufõohka lsysmhla mj;S' tu
l%ufõohka o;a; j,x.= l%u hkqfjka ye|skafõ' tkï"

DP Education 23 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 1' o;a; j,x.=;d mÍlaIdj ^Data Validation&
2' o;a; i;Hdmkh ^Data Verification&

1' o;a; j,x.=;d mÍlaIdj ^Data Validation&

o;a; j,x.=;d mÍlaIdj uÕska isÿlrkq ,nkafka we;=<;a lrk o;a; i;H jYfhkau wod,
ld¾hh i|yd .e,fmkjdo hkak i,ld ne,Suhs' mß.Kl moaO;sh ;=<g ,nd.kakd o;a; tajd ;sìh
hq;= wdldrfhkau mj;skjdo hkak mÍlaId lsÍula fuuÕska isÿfõ' j,x.=;djh mÍlaId lsÍu i|yd
Ndú;d lrkq ,nk l%ufõohka lsym
s hla mj;sk w;r tajd my; úia;r lr we;'

³ j¾. mÍlaIdj ^Type Check&

mß.Klhg we;=<;a lrk o;a; ixLHd o;a;" wlaIr o;a;" Èkhkaj,g wod, o;a; wd§ f,i
j¾. lsÍula isÿlrkq ,nhs' o;a; .nvdjla ^Database file& ie,iqï lsÍfï § o tys ;ekam;a lrk o;a;
j¾.h ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a fõ' WodyrKhla f,i YsIH ,l=Kq ;ekam;a lsÍug ie,iqï lrk o;a;
f.dkqjl ,l=Kq ;ekam;a lrk fËa;%fha o;a; m%rEmh ixLHd f,i fhÈh hq;=hs' fï whqßka o;a;
j¾.h ,ndÿka miq ta ;=<g we;=<;a lrk o;a; wod, j¾.hgu wh;a o hkak mÍlaId lsÍula isÿlrkq
,efí' fuh j¾. mÍlaIdj kñka ye|skafõ'

³ ;;H;d mÍlaIdj$ we;snj mÍlaIdj ^Presence Check&

we;eï o;a; we;=,;a lsÍï isÿlrk úg tu o;a; ldKavfha ;sìh hq;= wksjd¾hh fldgia
y÷kd.; yel' WodyrKhla f,i nexl=jl .sKqula újD; lrk mqoa.,fhl=f.a o;a; mß.Klhg
we;=<;a lrk úg Tyqf.a ku" ,smskh jeks o;a; we;=<;a l< hq;=h' tfukau ta w;ßka b;d jeo.;a
ia:dkhla .sKqï wxlhg ysñfõ' .sKqï wxlh fkdue;sj .sKqï wdrïN l< mqoa.,hdf.a wfkl=;a o;a;
we;=<;a l< o tu o;a; m%fhdackhg .; fkdyels ;;a;ajhg m;afõ' fufia o;a;hla we;=<;a lsÍfï
§ tys wksjd¾hfhka ;sìh hq;= fldgia mj;skafka o hkak mÍlaId lsÍu ;;H;d mÍlaIdj ;=<ska
isÿlrkq ,efí' ;;H;d mÍlaId lsÍu o;a; wdodkh lrk ;srhka ys ;re i,l=Kla fhdod oekqj;a
lrkq ,efí' my; oelafjkqfha Bg WodyrKhls'

First Name c
Phone Number

³ mrdi mÍlaIdj ^Range Check&

f;dr;=re ilid .ekSug fhdod .kakd we;eï o;a;j, mrdihla ;sìh yel' WodyrKhla
f,i isiqkaf.a ,l=Kq o;a; f,i we;=<;a lrk wjia:djla .ksuq' tjeks wjia:djl§ isiqkaf.a ,l=Kq
mej;sh yels mrdihla wmg y÷kd .ekSug mq¿jk' tkï 0 isg 100 olajd mrdihhs' ta wkqj ,l=Kq
we;=<;a lrk úg 0 ;a 100 ;a w;r o;a; muKla we;=<;a úh hq;= w;r 0 fyda 100 g jeä w.hka
we;=<;a fkdúh hq;=h' fufia o;a; mej;sh hq;= mrdih ;=< muKla we;=<;a jkafka o hkak mÍlaId
lsÍu mrdi mÍlaIdj hgf;a isÿfõ'

DP Education 24 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 by; meyeÈ,s lrk ,o o;a; mÍlaId lsÍfï l%u fndfyda úg o;a; .nvd md,k uDÿldx.
u.ska isÿl< yel' Bg wu;rj uDÿldx. ks¾udKh lrk ks¾udKlre úiska o jerÈ o;a; we;=<;a ùu
je<elaùu i|yd wjYH md,khka fhdokq ,efí'

³ tlu o;a;h wjia:d foll § we;=<;a lsÍug ie,eiaùu

lsishï mß.Kl jevigykla ;=< § Tn w¨;ska ryia mohla we;=<;a lrk wjia:djla is;d
n,kak' WodyrKhla f,i Bfï,a ,smskhla ks¾udKh lsÍfï § ryia moh tla ia:dkhl we;=<;a l<
miq kej;;a tu ryia mohu Bg my<ska we;=<;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,ndfoa' fuys§ l,ska we;=<;a l<
ryia mohu we;=<;a jQfha o hkak ;yjqre lr.ekSula fojekshg we;=<;a lsÍfï § isÿlrkq ,efí'
fuh o;a; i;Hdmkh lrk tla l%uhls' kuq;a fuh wfkla wjia:d i|yd m%dfhda.slj fhdod
.ekSug fkdyel' tys § ld,h úYd, f,i jehùula fõ'

³ we;=<;a l< o;a; moaO;sh ;=< ;ekam;a lsÍug m%:u ;srh ;=<ska kej; ne,Su

fï i|yd idudcsl f;dr;=re mß.Klhg we;=,;a lsÍug ilid we;s mß.Kl jevigykla
i,ld n,uq' tys§ idudcsl f;dr;=re" wvx.= wdlD;sh Wmfhda.S lrf.k o;a; we;=<;a lr bkamiq tu
o;a; ;ekam;a lsÍug m%:u kej; mß.Klfha ;srh ;=<ska lshjd n,d ;yjqre lrf.k ;ekam;a
lsÍug yelshdj we;' fuu l%uh fndfyda wjia:dj, § Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'

³ we;=<;a lrk o;a; uqøKh lsÍu iy mÍlaIdj

fndfyda jHdmdßl wdh;kj, fuu l%%uh nyq,ju fhdod .kq ,efí' o;a; úYd, m%udKhla
we;=<;a lsÍug isÿjk wjia:dj, § tajd we;=<;a lr bkamiq we;=<;a lrk ,o o;a;j, uqøs; msgm;la
,nd.kS' bka miq tu uqøs; msgm; o;a; we;=<;a lsÍug fhdod .kakd ,o uQQ,sl udOH iu. ^we;eï úg
fuh ì,a fmd;la úh yel' tfia fkdue;s kï o;a; igyka lrk ,o fmd;la úh yel'& tlska tl
mÍlaId lsÍula isÿ lrkq ,efí'

1'5'5 o;a; wodk wdldr

mß.Klhg o;a; we;=<;a lsÍug Ndú;d lrk l%u lsysmhls'

³ idcq wdldr ^Direct Methods&

mßYS,lhkaf.a iDcq ueÈy;aùïj,ska f;drj o;a; wdodkh fï kñka ye|skafõ' fï i|yd

OMR, OCR, MICR jeks Wmdx. Ndú;d lrkq ,efí' wvq udkj ueÈy;aùulska o;a; moaO;sh ;=<g
we;=,;a l< yel' fuu l%ufha § wdodkh lrk o;a;j, ksjerÈ;djh by< uÜgul mj;S'

³ ÿria: wdldrh ^Remote Methods&

mß.Kl" cx.u ÿrl;k jeks Wmdx. u.ska wka;¾cd, myiqlï fhdod f.k" fjí mdol
mß.Kl uDÿldx.hla Wmfhda.S lrf.k .Kqfokqj isÿjk wjia:dfõ§ u o;a; wdodkh lr.ekSu
ÿria: wdldrh f,i ye|skafõ' tu uDÿldx.h u.ska wdodkh lrk o;a; tla o;a; f.dkqjl ;ekam;a
ùu isÿfõ'

WodyrKhla f,i rlaIK lghq;=j, § fËa;%fha lghq;= lrk ks,OdÍka ;ud wf;ys
;ndf.k isák mß.Klhlska rlaIKhg iïnkaO jk mqoa.,hskaf.a o;a; wdoddkh lrkq ,efí'
fufia wdodkh lrk o;a; m%Odk YdLdjg iïnkaO i¾jrh ;=< ks¾udKh lr we;s o;a; f.dkqjl
DP Education 25 ICT – A/L - Unit -01
;ekam;a fõ' fujeks o;a; wdodkhla ÿria: o;a; wdodkhla f,i ye|skafõ'

³ ud¾..; o;aa; wdodkh ^Online Data Entry&

wka;¾cd,h yd iïnkaO ù fjí mdol mß.Kl uDÿldx.hla Wmfhda.S lrf.k o;a;

wdodkh lsÍu ud¾..; o;a; wdodkh f,i ye|skafõ' wka;¾cd,hg iïnkaO ùfï myiqlï ;sfnk
´kEu ia:dkhl isg o;a; we;=<;a lsÍug fuu l%uh Tiafia yelshdj mj;S'

³ ud¾..; wm.; o;a; wdodkh ^off line Data Entry&

ldKav jYfhka ksYaÑ; ld,mßÉfPaohlg miqj úúO wjia:dj, § o;a; wdodkh lsÍu ud¾.
wm.; o;a; wdodkh fõ'

1'5'6 o;a; ieliSfï l%u

o;a; ieliSu isÿlrk wdldrh m%Odk jYfhka fldgia follg fnod oelaùug mq¿jk'

1' ldKav o;a; ieliSu ^Batch Processing&

lsishï ld, mrdihlg wkqj o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;a lr,Su ldKav o;a; ieliSu hkqfjka
ye|skafõ' ldKav o;a; ieliSfï § m<uqfjka isÿlrkq ,nkafka o;a; mß.Klh ;=< ;ekam;a
lr.ekSuhs' tfia ;ekam;a lr ;nd.kakd o;a; wjYH úfgl f;dr;=re njg m;a lr.kq ,efí'
ldKav o;a; ieliSfï l%ufõoh isÿjk wjia:d i|yd WodyrK lsysmhla my; whqßka oelaùug
mq¿jk'

i' jHdmdrhl fiajlhskaf.a ffoksl meñKSu" w;sld, m%udKhka" Kh ,nd.ekSï wd§ o;a; Èkm;d
mß.Klhg we;=<;a lr ;ndf.k udih wjidkfha tu o;a; Wmfhda.S lrf.k jegqma ieliSu
ldKav o;a; ieliSula f,i oelaúh yel'

ii' fl%äÜ ldâm;a ysñhkag tu ldâm;a ,ndÿka nexl=j u.ska udih wjidkfha tjkq ,nk .sKqï
úia;rh ieliSu isÿjkafka o ldKav o;a; ieliSfï l%uhghs'

ldKav o;a; ieliSfï l%ufha § mj;akd jdishla jkqfha we;=<;a lrk o;a; ieliSfï
l%shdj,shg fhdod .ekSug m%:u o;a;j, ksjerÈ;dj mÍlaId lr.ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a ld,hla
mej;Suhs' fuu l%ufha § úYd, o;a; m%udKhla ieliSug fhdod .ekSu isÿfõ' fujeks wjia:djl
mß.Klfha ieliSfï fõ.h by< uÜgfï mej;sh hq;=h' tfia fkdue;s jqjfyd;a o;a; ieliSfï
ls%hdj,sh i|yd jeä ld,hla .; ùug bv we;'

ldKav o;a; ieliSula isÿjk wdldrh my; rEmigyk u.ska wjfndaO lr.ekSug mq¿jk'

fiajl meñKSï o;a; jegqma f,aLkh

fiajl ksjdvq o;a; w;sld, jd¾;dj
jegqma ieliSu
w;sld, o;a; o< jegqma tl;=j
wu;r §ukd c
w¾:idOl jd¾;d
ldKav o;a; ieliSu isÿjk wdldrh
1'9 rEmigyk

DP Education 26 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 wdh;khl fiajl jegqma ieliSulg wod, ld¾hh isÿjk wdldrh by; rEmigyk ;=<
fmkajd we;' jïmi olajd we;af;a Èkm;d fiajlhskag wod,j we;=<;a lrk o;a; ms<sn| úia;rhhs'
fufia we;=<;a lrk o;a;" f.dkqjla ;=< .nvd lr ;nd.kq ,efí' udihla .;jk f;la tfia
;ekam;aj mj;sk o;a; udih wjika jQ miq ieliSug ,la lrkq ,efí' tfia ieliSï isÿ l< miq
jegqma f.ùug wjYH jegqma f,aLk fukau fjk;a jd¾;d ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj we;' fuu ld¾h
ldKav o;a; ieliSula f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' tfia ye|skaùug fya;=j jkqfha we;=<;a lrk o;a;
udihla .;jk f;la .nvd lr ;ndf.k bkamiq ieliSug ,la lrk neúks'

2' ;;ald,Sk o;a; ieliSu ^Real time Data Processing&

o;a; we;=<;a lrk wjia:dfõ§u tu o;a; Wmfhda.S lrf.k ieliSfï ls%hdj,sh o isÿjkafka
kï th ;;ald,Sk o;a; ieliSu kñka ye|skafõ' fuys§ o;a; wdodkh isÿjk wjia:dfõ§u ieliSu
isÿù tys m%;sodkh o ,nd§u isÿ lrkq ,efí' nexl=jl uqo,a ;ekam;a lsÍfï § tu fudfydf;au
Tyqf.a .sKqfï fYaIh ielfia' fuh ;;ald,Sk o;a; ieliSug WodyrKhla f,i oelaùug mq¿jk'
tfukau .=jka hdkhl .=jka álÜm;a fjka lsÍu isÿlrk úgu wod, .=jka hdkfha wikh fjka
lsÍula isÿfõ' fuh o ;;ald,Sk o;a; ieliSuls'

1'5'6 o;a; wdpdhk Wml%u

o;a; iy f;dr;=re .nvd lsÍug fhdod .kakd Wmdx. wdpdhk Wml%u f,i ye|skafõ'
wdpdhk Wml%u j¾. follg fnod oelaúh yel' tkï"

1' ia:dkSh wdpdhkh iy ÿria: wdpdhkh

Ndú;d lrk mß.Klhg iDcqj iïnkaO lr we;s wdpdhk Wmdx. ia:dkSh wdpdhk
Wmdx. f,i ye|skafõ' oDV ;eáh" ixhqla; ;eá" ue.akála má WodyrK f,i oelaúh
yel'

wka;¾cd,h Wmfhda.S lrf.k j<dl=¿ ixl,amh u; ÿria:j msysá ia:dkhl o;a;

;ekam;a lsÍu ÿria: wdpdhkh f,i ye|skafõ'

2' fláld,Sk yd È.=ld,Sk wdpdhkh'

1'6 úúO jiï ;=< f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIK fhÿï úu¾IKh

1'6'1 f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha fhojqï
wOHdmk fËa;%h

YsIHhskag ;u wOHdmk lghq;= i|yd f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh b;d by<

uÜgñka fhdod .ekSug mq¿jk' tfukau bf.k .ekSug wu;rj b.ekaùfï ls%hdj,sh i|yd fukau
wOHdmk mßmd,k lghq;= myiqfjka lrf.k hdugo f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh Ndú;d lsÍfï yelshdj
we;' jvd;a ÈhqKq rgj, wOHdmk fËa;%fha iEu ld¾hhla i|ydu mß.Kl ;dlaIKh fhdod .ekSu
olakg ,efnk w;r fmd;a w;r isr ù wOHdmksl oekqu ,nd.ekSfï l%ufhka neyer fjñka mj;S'

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh wOHdmk fËa;%hg fhdod .kakd wjia:d lsysmhla my;
wdldrfhka oelaùug mq¿jk'

DP Education 27 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

1' mka;s ldurfha § wjYH oekqu ,nd.ekSu
fuys§ mdvï j,g wod, ùäfhda o¾Yk" iÕrd" ,sms" igyka" mß.Kl Wmfhda.S lrf.k ks¾udK
isÿlsÍu" mß.Kl lS%vd weiqfrka oekqu j¾Okh lr.ekSu" wka;¾ cd,h Tiafia wOHdmksl
f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu WodyrK f,i oelaúh yel'

2' wOHdmkh ,nd.ekSu

´kEu ia:dkhl § isÿ l< yels ùu" idïm%odhsl l%uhg wOHdmksl lghq;=j, ksr; ùfï §
.=rejrfhl= ;ud <Õ isáh hq;= úh' kuq;a wo jk úg oekqu ,nd.ekSug ´kEu ia:dkhl§
yelshdj ,efí' ta i|yd fjka jQ wOHdmksl fjí wvú b;d úYd, m%udKhla mj;S'

3' b.ekaùfï lghq;= j,§ .=rejrekag f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh wdOdrlhla lr.ekSug
yelshdj we;' mdvï úia;r lsÍug yd meyeÈ,s lsÍug" wmyiq mdvï rEm igyka" icSúlrK iy
úäfhda o¾Yk u.ska fmkajñka meyeÈ,s lsÍï isÿ l< yel'

4' Wiia wOHdmk lghq;=j, ksr;ùfï yelshdj ,eîu o f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh
Tiafia j¾;udk orejkag ,eî we;s m%fhdackhls' ´kEu rgl úYajúoHd,hla fyda Wiia wOHdmk
wdh;khlg iïnkaO ù ÿria: wOHdmksl lghq;=j, ksr; ù Wmdê fyda ämaf,daud Odßfhl=
njg m;aùfï yelshdj fuu.ska ,eî we;' ÿria: wOHdmkfha mj;akd .;s ,laIK lsysmhla o
fuys§ wjfndaO lr.ekSu Tng m%fhdackj;a jkq we;' úfYaIfhka ÿria: wOHdmkfha § ffoksl
ld,igyka fkdue;s w;r ´kEu wjia:djl § wOHdmk lghq;=j, ksr; ùfï yelshdj mj;S' Bg
wu;rj ud¾..; mejreï yd m%Yakdj,s" úNd.j,g ;ud isák ia:dkfha isg iïnkaO ùfï
yelshdj ÿria: wOHdmkfha ,laIK fõ'

fi!LH fË;%h

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj;a iu. fi!LH fË;%h ;=< úYd, fmr,shla
isÿúh' úfYaIfhka ck;djf.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh by< kexùu i|yd fndfyda myiqlï fi!LH
fËa;%hg w¨;ska tl;= úh' kùk ;dlaIKfhka hq;a WmlrK fï w;ßka m%Odk ia:dkhla .kS'
Y,Hl¾u i|yd fhdod .kakd ùäfhda oiqka ,nd.; yels leurd iys; WmlrK" ffjoHjreka iy
fyÈhka mqyqKq lsÍu i|yd fhdod .kakd kùk WmlrK fukau frda.Skaf.a ffjoH jd¾;d iq/lSu
i|yd ksmojd we;s WmlrK fi!LH fËa;%hg b;d jeo.;a fõ' fï hgf;a ksmojd we;s WmlrK
lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

1' mß.Kl.; wdrlaIl YÍr ia:r tlaiaf¾ hka;%h

(CAT – Computerized Axial Tomography Machine)
ñksidf.a YÍrfha wNHka;r bkaøshka fjka fjka jYfhka ;s%udKdldrfhka rEm.; lsÍfï
yelshdj fuu WmlrKfha wka;¾.; lr we;'

2' pqïnl wkqkdok uQ¾;k hka;%h

(MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging Machine)
f¾äfhda ;rx. iy m%n, pqïnl wkqkdo ^fodaxldr& u.ska YÍrfha wNHka;r fldgiaj,
rEmigyka ,nd.ekSu i|yd fuu hka;%h fhdod .kq ,efí'

3' úoHq;a ksl¾m¾ f¾LK hka;%h

(EEG – Electro Encephalography)
fud<fha ls%hdldÍ;ajh igyka lr.ekSu i|yd fuu WmlrKh fhdod .kq ,nhs' ysia ln,g

DP Education 28 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 w,jkq ,nk f,day iys; ;eáhlska fud<fhka ksl=;a jk úoHq;a iamkaok .%yKh lr
fud<fha ls%hdldÍ;ajh mß.Kl ;srhlg fhduq lsÍug fuu hka;%hg yelshdj we;'

4' reêrfha iSks uÜgu mÍlaId lsÍfï WmlrK

(Blood Sugar Testing Machine)
reêrfha mj;akd iSks m%udKhka mÍlaId lr.ekSug ;u ksjfia§ u yelshdj fuu.ska ,efí'
fuu.ska reêr idïm,h mÍlaId lr reêrfha we;s iSks ;;a;ajh fldmuKo hkak fmkakqï
lrhs'

5' yDofrda. ;sr .ekaùfï hka;%h

(Cardiac Screening Machine)
yDofha ls%hdldÍ;ajh y÷kd .ekSug fuu hka;%h fhdo .kq ,efí' fuu.ska yDo iamkaok
fõ.h l=vd ;srhla fj; fhduq lrkq ,efí' tu.ska frda.shdf.a yDo jia;=j yd iïnkaO j
mj;akd .eg¿ y÷kd .ekSfï yelshdj ,eî we;'

by; oelajQ WmlrKj,g wu;rj f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Ndú;d lrñka

fi!LH fËa;%fha isÿù we;s wfkla fjkialï kï frda.shd frday,lg we;=<;a fkdlr ÿria:j isák
ffjoHjrfhl=g frda.shd mÍlaId lsÍfï yelshdj ,eî ;sîuhss' frda.shd mÍlaId lsÍu muKla fkdj
wjYH fnfy;a j¾. kshu lsÍfï yelshdj o ,eî we;'

³ lDIs l¾udka; fËa;%h

lDIsl¾udka; fËa;%fha úúO wxY i|yd f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh fhdod .kq
,efí' tu fËa;%hka lsysmhla my; wdldrfhka oelaùug mq¿jk'
1' j.dìfuys mfiys ;;a;ajh mÍlaId lsÍu'
j.dìfuys mfiys f;;ukh" ire ksire Ndjh mÍlaId lsÍug yelshdj ,efnj hka;% ksmojd
Ndú;d lsÍu olakg ,efí'
2' iajhxlS%hj f.dúmf,ys we;s j,ame< bj;a lrk hka;%
3' frdfnda ;dlaIKfhka me, isgqùu'
4' iajhxlS%h c, iemhqï hka;%
5' wiajkq fk,Sfï hka;%

jHdmdr iy uQ,H

.Kqfokqlrejkaf.a f,c¾ .sKqï ijhxlS%hlrKh lr.ekSug mß.Kl ;dlaIKh iEu

nexl=jla úiskau fhdod .kq ,efí' úfYaIfhka fplam;a ksYaldIKh lsÍfï ld¾hh wo b;du;a
ld¾hlaIuj isÿlr .ekSug yelshdj ,eî we;af;a f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj
ksidh' tfukau .Kqfokqlrejkag meh 24 mqrdu nexl= .Kqfokq lsÍug yelshdj ,eî we;' ;u
ksjfia fyda jevlrk ia:dkfha isg nexl= .sKqfï fYaIh n,d.ekSu jeks ld¾hhka mjd bgqlr
.ekSfï yelshdj mj;S' nexl= .Kqfokq flfrys úYajdihla we;sùu flfrys o ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj
n,md we;' b nexl= fiajd myiqlï y÷kajd §u;a iu. b;d myiqfjka .Kqfokq lsÍfï yelshdj
jHdmdßlhkag fukau mqoa.,hskag o ,eî we;' iajhxlS%h fg,¾ hka;% Ndú;h ksid meh 24 mqrdu
uqo,a ,nd.ekSfï yelshdj ,eîu" wka;¾cd,h Tiafia fjk;a rgl jHdmdr wdh;khlg jqjo uqo,a
f.ùfï yelshdj ,eîu" c, ì,am;a" úÿ,s ì,am;a f.ùfï yelshdj nexl= fËa;%h ;=< f;dr;=re yd
ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh ksid we;s jQ úfYaI fjkialï f,i oelaúh yel'

DP Education 29 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

³ bxcsfkare úoHdj

fuu fËa;%fha § úúO hka;% iQ;% ksIamdokh lsÍug wod, ks¾udK" ie,iqï ilia lsÍu wd§
ld¾hhka i|yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh nyq,j Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'

³ wf,úlrK iy ñ,§ .ekSï

NdKav yd fiajd ñ,§ .ekSu wka;¾cd,h jeks udOHhka yryd isÿlsÍu wo YS.%fhka j¾Okh
fjñka mj;S' w;S;fha § lsishï NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla ,nd.ekSug mdßfNda.slhd fjf<|fmd,
fj; hd hq;= úh' kuq;a wo fjf<|fmd, fj; .uka lsÍulska f;drj úoHq;a ;dlaIKh Tiafia
fjf<|fmd, lghq;= isÿlsÍfï yelshdj ,eî we;' mdßfNda.slhdg fukau jHdmdßlhdgo fuhska
úYd, msgj
q y,la ,eî we;' ;u NdKav yd fiajd ms<sn| wvq úhoulska mdßfNda.slhd fj; m%pdrKh
lsÍfï yelshdj fmr ljrodlg;a jvd jHdmdßlhdg ,eî we;' tfukau Tjqkaf.a m%pdrK ld¾hh
f,dalh mqrdjgu isÿlsÍfï yelshdj o úfYaI;ajhls'

wdrlaIK lghq;=

wmrdOlrejkaf.a úia;r we;=<;a o;a; f.dkq mj;ajdf.k hdu iy Tjqka w,a,d .ekSug
kQ;k ;dlaIKh Ndú;d lsÍfï yelshdj ,eî we;' Bg wu;rj f,dalfha ÈhqKq rgj,a ;u hqO Yla;sh
jeä lr.ekSug fukau ryia f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSug" kùk wú wdhqO ksmoùug ;dlaIKh fhdod .kq
,efí'

úfYaIfhka u wdrlaIl fËa;%hg kq;k f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh nyq,j Ndú;d lrk wxYhla
f,i wdrlaIs; leurd moaO;s oelaùug mq¿jk' jHdmdßl wdh;k" fmÿ ia:dk fukau ksfjia ysñhka o
;u ksjfia wdrlaIdj i|yd o fuu wdrlaIs; leurd moaO;s j¾;udkfha fhdod .kq ,efí'

m%jdyk fiajd

úfYaIfhka ÿïßh yd .=jka .uka i|yd f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh fhdod .;

yelsh' .=jkahdkdj, wdik fjkalsÍu" m%jdyk ld,igyka mj;ajdf.k hdu f;dr;=re ikaksfõok
;dlaIKh ksid m%jdyk fiajdjkag ,eî we;s myiqluls'

úfkdaodiajdoh

f,dalfha fndfyda msßia kq;k ;dlaIKh úfkdaodiajdoh i|yd Ndú;d lrhs' w;S;fha hï
mqoa.,fhl=g Ñ;%mghla" kdgHhla krUd úfkdaodiajdohla ,nd.ekSug wjYH kï Èk fjkalr
ld,hla .; lrñka ta i|yd iqÿiq ia:dkhla fj; hdug isÿúh' kuq;a wo jk úg ;u rg ;=<
mj;akd Ñ;%mg muKla fkdj f,dalfha Wiia .Kfha ,d ie,flk Ñ;%mghla" kdgH ks¾udKhla
fyda fjk;a úfkdaockl ks¾udKhka b;d myiqfjka ;udg yels wjia:djl§ wka;¾cd,h jeks
ikaksfõok l%ufõohka Tiafia ;u ksjfia isg keröfï wjia:dj Wod ù we;' Bg wu;rj mß.Kl
wdY%s; lS%vd o oelaùug mq¿jk'

1'7 iudch flfrys f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha n,mEu we.hSu

mß.Kl ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj;a iu. wfkl=;a iEu wdxYhlu ÈhqKqjla we;s úh' úfYaIfhka
mß.Kl ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lrf.k bf,lafg%dksl ;dlaIKh ÈhqKq jQ w;r tu ÈhqKqj ;=<ska
kQ;k iudchg jrm%ido rdYshla N=la;s ú§fï yelshdj ,eìKs' ta w;ßka lsysmhla my; wdldr fõ'

 nexl= lghq;= i|yd ATM hka;% Ndú;d lsÍfï yelshdj'

DP Education 30 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 fï Tiafia Èklg úYd, .Kqfokqlrejka m%udKhla ;u nexl= .sKqï Ndú;fhka ;ekam;a
uqo,a ,nd.ekSu isÿlrkq ,efí' we;eï nexl=j, uqo,a ;ekam;a lsÍfï myiqlï o fï ;=<ska
,nd§ we;' fuu myiqlï wo jk úg fkd;sfnkakg nexl= fËa;%fha lghq;= b;du;a ixls¾K
;;a;ajhlg m;ajkakg bv ;snqKs' tfukau ld¾h nyq,;ajh iu. ñksiqkag Èjd ? fkdn,d
nexl= .Kqfokqj, ksr;ùfï yelshdj j¾;udk iudcfha m%.ukhg uy;a msgqjy,la ù we;'

 ÿrl;k ikaksfõok ;dlaIKho mß.Kl ;dlaIKh Wlyd f.k ÈhqKq úh' ta wkqj cx.u
ÿrl;k kQ;k ñksidg úYd, f,i m%fhdackj;a ù we;' tfukau ixpdrlhskag lsishï
ia:dkhla fidhd .ekSfï myiqlï o fï ;=<ska ,nd§ we;'

 wdrlaIl leurd moaO;s jeks wdrlaIK WmlrK o mß.Kl ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj;a iu. ,eî
we;s w;r fï ;=<ska jxpd wju lr.ekSug;a" jxpd fy<sorõ lr.ekSug;a yelshdj ,eî we;'

 kùk fudag¾ r:j, ls%hdldÍ;ajh mß.Kl ;dlaIKh Tiafia isÿjk w;r" tajdfha fodaI
fidhd .ekSfï yelshdjo fuu.ska ,eî we;'

 ffjoH fË;%fha ÈhqKqjg mß.Kl ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj m%n, msgqjy,la ù we;' frda. ksYaph
lsÍfï ld¾hhka" ie;alï lghq;= wdÈh i|yd kQ;kfha ilid we;s WmlrK ksfrda.su;a
iudchla f.dvke.Sug uy;a rel=,la ù we;' úfYaIfhka reêrfha iSks uÜgu mÍlaId lsÍu
jeks ld¾hhka lr.; yels mß.Kl.; Wmdx. ksfjiaj, § idudkH uyck;djg Ndú;d
l< yels ;rï ir,j j¾;udkfha ksmojd ;sfí'

 msßjeh wvq lr.ekSug yelsùu'

msßjeh hkq lsishï jq ld¾hhla isÿlsÍfï § oeÍug isÿjk úhoï m%udKhhs' isÿlrkq ,nk
ld¾hfha m%;s,dNh by< kxjd .ekSug msßjeh wvq lr.ekSu b;d jeo.;ah' f;dr;=re yd
ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj msßjeh wvq lr.ekSug úYd, jYfhka odhl ù we;'
WodyrKhla f,i j¾;udkfha fndfyda rdcH wdh;k ck;djg ,ndfok úúOdldr jQ
fiajdjka i|yd lvodis úYd, jYfhka fhdod .kq ,efí' fï i|yd úYd, msßjehla rch
úiska orkq ,efí' kuq;a fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fndfyda ia:dkhkays lvodis Ndú;d lsÍu fjkqjg
o;a; igyka lsÍu i|yd mß.Kl ;dlaIKh fhdod .kq ,efí' ta ;=<ska ld¾hlaIu;djh
by< kexfjk w;ru" msßjeh wvq lr.ekSugo yelshdj ,eî we;'

 f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh ksid wd¾Ól m%;s,dN w;am;a lr.eksfï yelshdj ,eî we;' úfYaIfhka
wka;¾cd,h Ndú;fhka fjf<odï lghq;= isÿ lsÍu fya;=fjka jHdmdßlhskag N+f.da,Sh
iSudjlska f;drj 24 meh ;=<u ;u jHdmdßl ld¾hhka isÿ lsÍfï yelshdj ,eî we;' ta yd
iudkj mdßfNda.slhskag NdKav yd ñ< .Kka ixikaokh lrñka ;udg wjYH NdKav ´kEu
rglska f.kajd .ekSfï yelshdj ,eî we;' wka;¾cd,h yryd flfrk uqo,a .Kqfokq b;d
úYajdikSh;ajfhka hqla;j mej;Su ksid fjí wvú /ila fï jk úg id¾:l f,i
wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka fjf<odï lghq;= isÿlrk ,nk jHdmdßlhskag ;u NdKav yd fiajd
wf,ú lsÍug wjYH myiqlï i,id we;' EBay.com, Ubid.com, Hotbot.com jHdmdßl fjí
wvú i|yd WodyrK lsysmhls'

DP Education 31 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

1'7'1 f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIiKfhka ks¾udKh jQ u;jdo
^wys;lr n,mEï&
f;dr;=re yd ikaksffõok ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj;a iu. ta ;=<ska we;s ù we;s wys;lr n,mEï
o mj;S' tu n,mEï ldKav lsysmhla hgf;a fjka lr my; whqßka y÷kd .ksuq'

³ iudch flfrys wys;lr f,i n,md we;s wdldrh

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj ksid we;eï wdh;k ;u wdh;ksl lghq;=
isÿlr.ekSu i|yd mß.Kl uDÿldx. fhdod .kq ,efí' tys wys;lr m%;sM,hla f,i mqoa.,hskag
/lshd wjia:d wysñ ùula olakg ,efí' WodyrKhla f,i wdh;khl yia;uh wdldrfhka o;a;
ieliSu isÿjk úg fiajlhska lsysmfofkl= tlu ld¾hh i|yd fhdod .kq ,efí' kuq;a tu ld¾hh
mß.Kl.; lsÍfuka fiajlhska lsysmfofkl= fjkqjg tla fiajlfhl= muKla fiajfha fhdojd .;
yelsh' ta wkqj mß.Kl.; l%ufõohka ;=< § /lshd wjia:djka wvq ù ta ;=<ska iudcfha /lshd
úhqla;sh by< hdula isÿúh yel'

j¾;udkfha fndfyda ;reK msßia jeä ld,hla iudc fjí wvú ;=, .; lsÍug fhduqj
;sfí' th o wys;lr n,mEuls' tfukau tu fjí wvú ;=<ska isÿlrkq ,nk m%pdrdKd;aul lghq;=o
fm!oa.,sl;ajhg ydks lr ;;a;ajhla Wodù we;'

tfukau we;eï msßia jeä ld,hla mß.Kl lS%vd j,g fhduq ù ld,h .; lsÍug fhduq ùu
o olakg ,efí' Bg wu;rj ñksid hdka;%SlrKh ùu o ;j;a .eg¿jla f,i oelaùug mq¿jk'

³ f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfhka we;s ù we;s mdßißl .eg¿

f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh yd iïnkaOj Ndú;d lrkq ,nk Wmdx. jir lsysmhlg
jrlau kùlrKh fjñka fjf<| fmd<g meñfKa' tfia kj Wmdx. meñfKk úg tf;la Ndú;d
lrk ,o Wmdx. bj;a lsÍug fndfyda mdßfNda.slhska fmf<fò' WodyrKhla f,i CRT fudksg¾
fjkqjg LCD,LED fudksg¾ y÷kajd ÿka miq tf;la Ndú;d lrk ,o CRT fudksg¾ bj;a lrñka ta
fjkqjg LCD,LED fudksg¾ ñ,§ .ekSug fhduq úh' tmuKla fkdj mß.Kl hka;% wNHka;rfha
wvx.= lr we;s mßm: mjd (RAM, DVD Rom, Mother Board) kùlrKh fjñka meñfKk úg tf;la
Ndú;d l< Wmdx. bj;a lsÍula isÿfõ' fufia bj;a lrk iEu Wmdx.hlau m%;spl%SlrKhg ,la
lsÍfï yelshdjla fkdue;' tneúka bj;,k Wmdx. ;=<ska mßir .eg¿ ks¾udKh lr we;'

³ f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfhka we;s ù we;s iodpdrd;aul .eg¿

f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh iudc úfrdaë ld¾hhka i|yd Ndú;d lsÍug fm<ö we;' úäfhda mg
ksmoùu" wkHhkaf.a PdhdrEm úlD;s lr m< lsÍu iy ta ;=<ska udkisl i;=gla ,nd.ekSug fhduqùu
rgl iodpdr iïmkak udkj iïm;la ìyslsÍug oeä n,mEula we;s lrkq ,nhs'

³ f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfhka we;s ù we;s ffk;sl .eg¿

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfha ÈhqKqj;a iu. we;s jQ ffk;sl .eg¿ rdYshla mj;S'
mß.Klh ;=< we;s fm!oa.,sl o;a; wksis f,i fhdod .ekSu mqoa.,sl;ajhg isÿlrk ydksodhl
ls%hdjkah' mß.Kl ;dlaIKh ksid fuh fndfyda úg isÿfõ' mqoa.,sl f;dr;=re fidrd .ekSu fukau
tajd úlD;s lr m%pdrh lsÍu o nyq,ju olakg ,efí'

DP Education 32 ICT – A/L - Unit -01

 f;dr;=re ;dlaIKfha ffk;sl n,mEï w;rg tlajk ls%hdjka f,i wkjir Wmqgd .ekSï"
fjk;a whf.a ks¾udKhka ;udf.a hehs yÕjd wf,ú lsÍu" fjkia lsÍu fukau yelska m%ydrhka
oelaúh yel' fïjd ish,a, ihsn¾ wmrdO f,i ye|skafõ' j¾;udkfha f,dalfha m%n,u wdh;kj,
f;dr;=re mjd fidrd .ekSug ,laj ;sfí' kdid wdh;kh" FBI wdh;kh" Paypal uQ,H iud.u
fujeks m%ydrhkag ,la jQ wdh;k w;ßka lsysmhls'

³ ysñlï wdY%s; uDÿldx.

lsishï wdh;khlg fyda mqoa.,fhl=g kS;Hdkql+, whs;shla we;s uDÿldx. ysñlï iys;
uDÿldx. f,i ye|skafõ' fuu uDÿldx. Ndú;d lrkafka kï tajd wh;a wdh;kh iu. tl.;djhla
mej;sh hq;=h' tfukau uqo,a f.jd kS;Hdkql+,j uDÿldx. ,ndf.k Ndú;d lsÍug yelshdj we;'
kuq;a tjeks uDÿldx. fjkia lsÍug yd fnod yeÍug wjia:dj we;af;a whs;slre yd .súiqï.;j
we;akï muKs' uhsfl%dfid*aÜ iud.u" wefvdì wd§ iud.ï kS;Hdkql+, uDÿldx. y÷kajd § we;s
iud.ïj,g WodyrK f,i oelaúh yelsh'

³ m%ldYk ysñlu

mß.Kl uDÿldx." ix.S;uh yd l,d;aul ks¾udK" má.; lrk ,o Yío" m%ldYs; fmd;a
nqoaêuh foam, f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' fïjdfha whs;sh m%ldYk ysñlu u.ska ;yjqre lrkq ,efí' ta
wkqj m%ldYk ysñlu hkq m%ldYlg ;u ks¾udK msgm;a lsÍu" uqøKh lsÍu fukau wf,ú lsÍug
we;s whs;shhs' m%ldYlf.a ,sÅ; wkque;shlska f;drj msgm;a lsÍu" wf,ú lsÍu" fnod yeÍu isÿl<
fkdyel'

³ rpkd fp!r;ajh ^Plagiarism&

fjk;a whl=f.a ks¾udKhla $ is;=ï $ woyia $ m%ldY iy ls%hdldrlï ;udf.a hehs ye.ùu
iy ;udf.a hehs lshd mEu rpkd fp!r;ajh f,i ir,j y÷kajd §ug mq¿jk' rpkd fp!r;ajhg
wh;a úh yels wjia:d lsysmhla my; olajd we;'

 fjk;a wfhl=f.a ks¾udKhla ;udf.a hehs mejiSu'

 fjk;a whl=f.a woyila ,ndf.k Tyq ms<sn| igykla fkdlr ;udf.a f,i bÈßm;a lsÍu'
 Wmqgkhla i|yka lsÍfï § WoaOD; mdG ;=< th i|yka fkdlsÍu iy tys uq,a whs;slre
ms<sn| i|yka fkdlsÍu'

DP Education 33 ICT – A/L - Unit -01