Midterm Module 2 Week 7 Microsoft Windows

IT411 System Administration and Maintenance
Module 2: Windows Servers and Software Maintenance Models 1
Microsoft Windows Servers and Software Maintenance Models

Introduction
Microsoft is a software corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports, and sells a
range of software products and services. Founded on April 4, 1975. Software maintenance is the
process of changing, modifying, and updating software to keep up with customer needs. Software
maintenance is done after the product has launched for several reasons including improving the
software overall, correcting issues or bugs, to boost performance, and more. Windows Server is a
brand name for a group of server operating systems released by Microsoft since 2003. The first
Windows server edition to be released under that brand was Windows Server 2003. However, the first
server edition of Windows was Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, followed by Windows NT 3.5 Server,
Windows NT 3.51 Server, Windows NT 4.0 Server, and Windows 2000 Server. Windows 2000 Server
was the first server edition to include Active Directory, DNS Server, DHCP Server, Group Policy, as well
as many other popular features used today.
Course Learning Outcomes:
After completing this course, students will be able to
• Explain the differences of Microsoft operating systems
• Explain the function of Microsoft windows server
• Explain software maintenance
• Explain and Apply software maintenance models
A. Microsoft Windows
Microsoft is a software corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports, and
sells a range of software products and services. Founded on April 4, 1975; 46 years ago in
Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S. by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. The company also publishes books
and multimedia titles, produces its own line of hybrid tablet computers, offers e-mail services,
and sells electronic game systems and computer peripherals (input/output devices). It has sales
offices throughout the world. In addition to its main research and development center at its
corporate headquarters in Redmond, Washington, U.S., Microsoft operates research labs in
Cambridge, England (1997); Beijing, China (1998); Bengaluru, India (2005); Cambridge,
Massachusetts (2008); New York, New York (2012); and Montreal, Canada (2015).
Microsoft Windows (also referred to as Windows or Win) is a graphical operating system
developed and published by Microsoft. It provides a way to store files, run software, play games,
watch videos, and connect to the Internet.
Microsoft Windows was first introduced with version 1.0 on November 10, 1983. Over
a dozen versions of Windows were released after that, including the current version, Windows
10.
Below is a listing of each version of Microsoft Windows and their associated versions in
the order they were released.
Knowing the version of Windows helps with troubleshooting and knowing what your
computer supports or doesn't support.
The information, image/s, text or contents used in this learning module do not belong to me. This learning
module is intended for educational purposes only.
List of Microsoft Windows versions

Version Windows revision
Windows 11 Windows 11.
Windows 10 Version 10.0 Windows 10.
Windows 8 Version 6.3 Windows 8.1 (Windows 8 with Start and other features).
Windows 8 Version 6.2 Windows 8.
Windows 7 Version 6.1 Windows 7 (name of 7, e.g., Windows 7 Home Premium).
Windows Vista Version 6.0 Windows Vista (name of Vista, e.g., Windows Vista Home Basic).
Windows XP (name of XP, e.g., Home Edition, Professional, Media Center
Windows XP 5.1.2600
Edition).
Windows 2000 5.00.2195 Windows 2000 Workstation.
Windows ME 4.90.3000 Original release of Windows ME.
Windows CE 3.0 Windows CE 3.0.
Windows 98 4.10.2222A Windows 98 Second Edition.
Windows 98 4.10.1998 Original release of Windows 98.
Windows 98 4.10.1691 Beta release of Windows 98.
Second release of Windows 95 OSR2.5
Windows 95 4.00.950 C
with FAT32, MMX, USB and AGP support.
Windows 95 4.00.950 B Second release of Windows 95 (OSR2) that does support FAT32 and MMX.
Windows NT 4.00.1381 Windows NT 4.0 Workstation.
Windows 95 4.00.950 A Windows 95 with Service Pack 1 or OSR (OEM Service Release) 1.
Windows 95 4.00.950 Original release of Windows 95.
Windows NT 3.51.1057 Windows NT Server version 3.51.
Windows NT 3.51.1057 Windows NT Workstation version 3.51.
Windows 3.11 Windows for Workgroups Windows 3.11.
Windows NT 3.1 Windows NT 3.1.
Windows 3.1 Windows 3.1.
Windows 3.0 Windows 3.0.
Microsoft DOS history
Year Event
1981 Microsoft licensed the operating system 86-DOS from SCP (Seattle Computer Products) for
$25,000 on July 27, 1981.
1981 Microsoft PC-DOS 1.0, the first official version, was released in August 1981. It was designed to
operate on the IBM PC.
1982 Microsoft PC-DOS 1.1 was released in May 1982, with support for double-sided disks.
1982 MS-DOS 1.25 was released in August 1982. It was the first version titled "MS-DOS."
1983 MS-DOS 2.0 was released in March 1983, designed for the IBM PC XT. It introduced support
for hard disk drives.
1983 MS-DOS 2.1 was released in November 1983, designed for the IBM PCjr. It introduced support
for half-height disk drives and ROM cartridges.
1984 MS-DOS 3.0 was released in August 1984, designed for the IBM PC AT.
1985 MS-DOS 3.1 was released in April 1985. Marketed as "MS-DOS for networks," it was the first
version of DOS that supported local area networks.
1986 MS-DOS 3.2 was released in April 1986, featuring support for 3 1/2 inch, 720 KB floppy disk
drives.
1987 MS-DOS 3.3 was released in April 1987, designed for the IBM PS/2. It featured support for 3 1/2
inch, 1.44 MB floppy disk drives, and extended (non-primary) disk partitions.
1987 MS-DOS 3.31 was released in November 1987, designed for Compaq computers. It added
support for hard disk partitions larger than 32 MB.
1988 MS-DOS 4.0 was released in July 1988, featuring multitasking. It was used primarily in Europe,
and is sometimes referred to as European MS-DOS 4.0.
1988 MS-DOS 4.01 was released in November 1988, introducing support for volume serial numbers.
Unlike MS-DOS 4.0, version 4.01 did not feature support for multi-tasking.
1991 MS-DOS 5.0 was released in June 1991. It featured support for 3.5 inch 2.88 MB floppy disks, and
a full-screen text editor, "edit." It was the first version of MS-DOS to include himem.sys, which
loaded part of the operating system into the UMA.
1993 MS-DOS 6.0 was released in August 1993. It featured a help system in QBASIC, disk
compression (via the DBLSPACE utility), UMA optimization, and antivirus software MSAV.
1993 MS-DOS 6.2 was released in November 1993. It featured critical bug fixes to DBLSPACE,
and SCANDISK, a replacement for the CHKDSK utility.
1994 MS-DOS 6.21 was released in March 1994. It removed the DBLSPACE utility, which legally
infringed on the third-party disk compression software STACKER.
1994 MS-DOS 6.22 was released in April 1994. It included DRVSPACE, a compression utility that
replaced DBLSPACE. It was the last stand-alone version of MS-DOS to be released.
1995 Windows 95 was released on August 24, 1995. In the Windows 95 command line, the operating
system version number was listed as MS-DOS version 7.0.
Microsoft Windows history
Year Event
1983 Bill Gates announced Microsoft Windows on November 10, 1983.
1985 Microsoft Windows 1.0 was introduced on November 20, 1985, and was initially sold for
$100.00.
1987 Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released on December 9, 1987, and was initially sold for
$100.00.
1987 Microsoft Windows/386 or Windows 386 was introduced on December 9, 1987, and was
initially sold for $100.00.
1988 Microsoft Windows/286 or Windows 286 was introduced in June 1988, and initially sold
for $100.00.
1990 Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released on May, 22 1990. Microsoft Windows 3.0 full
version was priced at $149.95 and the upgrade version was priced at $79.95.
1991 Following its decision not to develop operating systems cooperatively with IBM, Microsoft
changed the name of their version of OS/2, originally named NT OS/2 3.0, to Windows NT.
Developed by David Cutler, Windows NT was built on a different architecture than IBM's
OS/2 operating system.
1991 Microsoft Windows 3.0 or Windows 3.0a with multimedia was released in October 1991.
1992 Microsoft Windows 3.1 was released in April 1992 and sells more than one million copies
in the first two months of its release.
1992 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.1 was released in October 1992.
1993 Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 was released on July 27, 1993.
1993 Microsoft Windows 3.11, an update to Windows 3.1 was released on December 31, 1993.
1993 The number of licensed users of Microsoft Windows totaled more than 25 million in
1993.
1994 Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was released in February 1994.
1994 Microsoft Windows NT 3.5 was released on September 21, 1994.
1995 Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 was released on May 30, 1995.
1995 Microsoft Windows 95 was released on August 24, 1995, and sold more than one million
copies within four days.
1995 Microsoft Windows 95 Service Pack 1 (4.00.950A) was released on February 14, 1996.
1996 Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released on July 29, 1996.
1996 Microsoft Windows 95 (4.00.950B) aka OSR2 with FAT32 and MMX support was released
on August 24, 1996.
1996 Microsoft Windows CE 1.0 was released in November 1996.
1997 Microsoft Windows CE 2.0 was released in November 1997.
1997 Microsoft Windows 95 (4.00.950C) aka OSR2.5 was released on November 26, 1997.
1998 Microsoft Windows 98 was released in June 1998.
1998 Microsoft Windows CE 2.1 was released in July 1998.
1998 In October 1998, Microsoft announced that future releases of Windows NT would no
longer have the initials of NT and that the next edition would be Windows 2000.
1999 Microsoft Windows 98 SE (Second Edition) was released on May 5, 1999.
1999 Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 was released in 1999.
2000 On January 4th, 2000, at CES, Bill Gates announced the new version of Windows CE will
be called Pocket PC.
2000 Microsoft Windows 2000 was released on February 17, 2000.
2000 Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium) was released on June 19, 2000.
2001 Microsoft Windows XP was released on October 25, 2001.
2001 Microsoft Windows XP 64-bit edition (version 2002) for Itanium systems was released on
March 28, 2003.
2003 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 was released on March 28, 2003.
2003 Microsoft Windows XP 64-bit edition (version 2003) for Itanium 2 systems was released
on March 28, 2003.
2003 Microsoft Windows XP Media Center edition 2003 was released on December 18, 2003.
2004 Microsoft Windows XP Media Center edition 2005 was released on October 12, 2004.
2005 Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 edition was released on April 24, 2005.
2005 Microsoft announced its next operating system, code-named "Longhorn," would be
named Windows Vista on July 23, 2005.
2006 Microsoft released Microsoft Windows Vista to corporations on November 30, 2006.
2007 Microsoft released Microsoft Windows Vista and Office 2007 to the general public on
January 30, 2007.
2008 Microsoft released Microsoft Windows Server 2008 to the public on February 27, 2008.
2009 Microsoft released Windows 7 on October 22, 2009.
2012 Microsoft released Windows Server 2012 on September 4, 2012.
2012 Microsoft released Windows 8 on October 26, 2012.
2013 Microsoft released Windows 8.1 on October 17, 2013.
2015 Microsoft released Windows 10 on July 29, 2015.
2021 Microsoft announced released Windows 11 on October 5, 2021.
Codename
A codename is a name given to a product while it's in development and does not officially
have a name. For example, "Chicago" was the codename given to Microsoft Windows 95 while
it was being developed.
Should I use "codename," "code-named," or "codenamed" in my writing?

When the word is used as a noun, use "codename." When used as a verb, use "code-named"
with a hyphen in your writing.
Microsoft codenames
Below is a listing of codenames and the related products.
Product Codename
Bob Utopia
MS-DOS 6.0 Astro
MS-DOS 7.0 Jaguar
Windows 3.1 Sparta
Windows for Workgroups 3.1 Winball
Windows for Workgroups 3.11 Snowball
Windows 95 Chicago
Windows 95B (OSR2) Detroit
Windows 98 Memphis
Windows ME Millennium
Windows NT 3.5 Daytona
Windows NT 4.0 Cairo
Windows Phone 7.5 Mango
Microsoft Excel Odyssey
Windows 2000 Janus
Windows XP (ver 5.1.2600) Whistler
Windows Server 2003 Whistler Server
Windows Vista Longhorn
Windows Vista's new command interface. Monad
Windows product never released. Neptune
Windows 7 Vienna and Blackcomb
Windows 8 Midori
10 Amazing Moments in Microsoft's History,

From Its Founding to Desktop Dominance to Today
Here's how the software company, founded on April 4, 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, paved
the way for personal computing and dominated the market.
Microsoft is the company that made personal computers mainstream, with one in almost every
home and office. And it all started when co-founders Bill Gates and Paul Allen were in middle
school in the mid-1960s, teaching themselves how to code.
Although the plain-English BASIC programming language was designed to make it easy for
anyone to use a computer, access to computers was limited back then. Companies such as
General Electric would lend time on their machines to curious students who wanted to
experiment with the technology.
From these early days, Gates and Allen established their vision for the new technology and were
extremely persistent in experimenting with it. These traits ultimately led them to build one of
the most influential technology companies of all time. After 43 years, Microsoft is among the
five highest-valued companies listed on the Nasdaq, along with Facebook, Apple, Google and
Amazon. It's market cap as of early April 2018 was almost $680 billion.
Read on for 10 highlights from throughout Microsoft’s history -- founded on April 4, 1975 -- and
how the company and its leaders have adapted their goals over time.
1. Pre-Microsoft deal-making
A company called the Computer Center Corporation realized that sharing their machines
with Gates and his fellow teen computer enthusiasts could be a boon, rather than a
burden. They made a deal: Unlimited computer time for the students in exchange for
their help finding bugs in the system.
This was the first of many arrangements Gates and Allen had with various organizations
to gain computer access. They even made some money in exchange for their skills,
including a gig with the Washington state highway department. They called their
operation Traf-O-Data, using a computer they’d built to analyze traffic data.
2. A clear view of the future

Gates finished high school and headed to Harvard to study pre-law, but the classroom
didn’t afford him an opportunity to develop his programming skills. Allen, who’d
attended Washington State University, worked for Honeywell in Boston nearby. The duo
knew they had more potential to apply their knowledge, and it was the announcement
of the Altair 8800 minicomputer hobbyist kit in late 1974, on the cover of Popular
Electronics, that led to their big break.
If computers were going to go mainstream, they’d need software. Gates and Allen built
an interpreter for the BASIC language that could run on the Altair, which they sold to
the computer’s manufacturer, Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS).
Within a matter of months, 22-year-old Allen and 19-year-old Gates had relocated to
Albuquerque, N.M., where MITS was based. Gates had dropped out of Harvard, and the
two had formed a company called Micro-Soft (originally hyphenated).
3. A strategic approach to a major deal

A few years later, Microsoft relocated to Bellevue, Wash. Shortly after this move,
Microsoft scored a deal with IBM that propelled it ahead of its software developing
competitors.
In the summer of 1980, IBM was developing a personal computer but needed an
operating system to run on it. After failing to reach an agreement with Digital Research,
the makers of an operating system called CP/M, IBM enlisted Microsoft’s help. Microsoft
didn’t have an operating system of its own, but it knew about one that was similar to
CP/M, called QDOS, created by a company called Seattle Computer Products. Microsoft
licensed QDOS and developed a version of it for the IBM PC.
In the summer of 1981, Microsoft incorporated, then purchased the full rights to QDOS
from Seattle Computer Products. On Aug. 12, IBM introduced its personal computer
running MS-DOS 1.0 -- the operating system Microsoft built from QDOS.
In a contract with IBM, Microsoft specified that IBM would not have exclusive rights to
MS-DOS. This was a savvy move that helped Microsoft become the number-one
computing platform. It didn’t take long for competitors to copy IBM’s hardware, and
when they did, Microsoft was happy to supply the software.
Apple, which at the time was also developing an operating system, wasn’t so keen on
taking this approach with its software.
4. The agreement with Apple

A key deal that paved the way for Microsoft’s success was a deal signed by Gates and
Apple CEO John Sculley in 1985.
Right around the time that Microsoft first released Windows, Apple granted Microsoft
a “non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, nontransferable license to use
[parts of the Mac technology] in present and future software programs, and to license
them to and through third parties for use in their software programs,” according to Cult
of Mac.
This deal had major consequences for both companies as Microsoft continued to
develop its operating system and some new software programs.
5. Tools for users

Now that computers were up and running with Microsoft’s operating system, the next
step was to build tools to streamline the user experience. Today, it’s hard to imagine a
world where computers didn’t run programs such as Microsoft Word, PowerPoint and
Excel.
These “productivity applications,” as Microsoft calls them, were revolutionary tools for
getting work done. They automated many of the aspects of word processing,
accounting, creating presentations and more. Plus, Microsoft’s deal with Apple allowed
it to develop versions of these programs for Macintosh computers.
Over the years, Microsoft has provided updates to the Office Suite, from additional
programs (such as Outlook and Access) to additional features.
6. Getting graphical
Operating systems weren’t always as visually appealing or user-friendly as they are
today. Originally, users would have to know a programming language to use them,
typing in text commands to perform functions. But graphical user interfaces (GUI), a
concept which originated at Silicon Valley R&D unit Xerox Parc, incorporated icons and
menus for users to click on, as well as various windows for different programs.
That’s where Windows came in. Microsoft released the first version of Windows in 1985,
competing with Apple, which was also developing a GUI at the time. In 1988, Apple sued
Microsoft for copyright infringement, but eventually lost, thanks in part to that
agreement Sculley and Gates signed.
Microsoft went on to release subsequent versions of Windows, most notably Windows

3.0 in 1990, Windows 95, 98 and 2000 in those respective years and Windows XP in
2001.
All of Microsoft’s efforts to dominate desktop computing led to an antitrust suit brought
by the U.S. government. Microsoft appealed the judge’s ruling that it would have to
break into two divisions. It instead agreed to take steps to help competitors integrate
their software with Windows by sharing APIs with developers.
7. Ballmer drops the ball

Gates stepped down in 2000 and Steve Ballmer, who had been with the company since
1980, assumed the role of CEO. Gates, meanwhile, remained chief software architect
until 2006 and chairman until 2008, when he left to devote his time to philanthropy
through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Throughout the ‘00s, Microsoft, under Ballmer, failed to keep up with the rise of
smartphones, tablets and internet search, despite attempts such as the Windows Phone
and Bing. Today, Android’s operating system dominates the mobile market. In October
2012, Ballmer announced Microsoft would shift away from software and become a
“devices and services company,” doubling down on phones, tablets (the Surface) and
other hardware such as Xbox (one of the biggest successes of the Ballmer era), along
with cloud computing.
Ballmer remained CEO until 2014, when Satya Nadella took over and led the company
away from “devices and services” less than two years after Ballmer declared that focus.
8. Nokia: an acquisition that backfired

In September 2013, toward the end of Ballmer’s tenure, Microsoft announced it would
“purchase substantially all of Nokia’s Devices & Services business, license Nokia’s
patents, and license and use Nokia’s mapping services.”
The $7.2 billion acquisition proved to be a colossal failure. By May 2016, Microsoft had
laid off most of the 25,000 Nokia employees that had joined the company, according to
The Verge.
Microsoft had been in partnership with Nokia since 2011, and some saw the acquisition
as a necessity to stop Nokia from switching from Windows to Android on its mobile
devices. However, it ended up backfiring, and it wasn’t enough to help Microsoft get an
edge in the mobile market.
9. LinkedIn becomes part of Microsoft

One Nadella-era acquisition that’s been beneficial to Microsoft is LinkedIn. Microsoft
announced it would buy the professional networking platform for $26.2 billion in June
2016. It was a major step toward Nadella’s new vision for Microsoft as a company that
provides business services tech.
In April 2017, Backchannel’s Jessi Hempel reported that LinkedIn founder Reid Hoffman
had joined Microsoft’s board and would be an ambassador to Silicon Valley during a
time when the company needed to restore its innovative, collaborative reputation.
10. Today
Under Nadella, the company has shifted away from consumer tech and toward business
services, particularly subscription- or advertising-based online services such as cloud
computing.
In March 2018, Nadella announced a reorganization of Microsoft into two main

divisions: “Experiences & Devices” and “Cloud + AI.” Nadella continues to prioritize
Microsoft’s Azure enterprise cloud platform over Windows.
References
Books and Journals

1. Burgess, M. (2004) Principles of Network and System Administration, 2nd Edition,
Online Resources
1. Zachary, G. Pascal and Hall,. Mark (2020, November 12). Microsoft Corporation.
Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Microsoft-Corporation
2. Windows(2021, November 10) Computer Hope
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/w/windows.htm
3. Microsoft Windows versions(2021, June 7)Computer Hope,
https://www.computerhope.com/whow.htm
4. Microsoft Windows history(2021, June 7)Computer Hope,
https://www.computerhope.com/history/windows.htm
5. Codename(2020, February 2) Computer Hope,
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/codename.htm
6. Microsoft(n.d.)Wikipedia, retrieved October 16, 2021 from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft
7. Belanger, L.(2018, April 4) 10 Amazing Moments in Microsoft's History, From Its
Founding to Desktop Dominance to Today.
https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/311468
8. The 4 Types of Software maintenance(n.d.)THALES, retrieved October 16, 2021 from
https://cpl.thalesgroup.com/software-monetization/four-types-of-software-
maintenance
9. Gadhave, M(2015, May 2015) Why Software Maintenance Is Necessary?.
https://radixweb.com/blog/why-software-maintenance-is-necessary
10. Windows Server(n.d.)Wikipedia, retrieved October 16, 2021 from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server
Online video resource/s

1. BLASTERTECHNOLOGY(2020, August 21)Evolution of Microsoft Windows 1985-2020.
Retrieved from https://youtu.be/JekE1C-fWn0;

Midterm Module 2 Week 7 Microsoft Windows

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Midterm Module 2 Week 7 Microsoft Windows

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

IT411 System Administration and Maintenance

Module 2: Windows Servers and Software Maintenance Models 1

Microsoft Windows Servers and Software Maintenance Models

List of Microsoft Windows versions

Microsoft DOS history

Microsoft Windows history

1983 Bill Gates announced Microsoft Windows on November 10, 1983.

1993 Microsoft Windows NT 3.1 was released on July 27, 1993.

1994 Microsoft Windows NT 3.5 was released on September 21, 1994.

1995 Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 was released on May 30, 1995.

1996 Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released on July 29, 1996.

1996 Microsoft Windows CE 1.0 was released in November 1996.

1997 Microsoft Windows CE 2.0 was released in November 1997.

1998 Microsoft Windows 98 was released in June 1998.

1998 Microsoft Windows CE 2.1 was released in July 1998.

1999 Microsoft Windows 98 SE (Second Edition) was released on May 5, 1999.

1999 Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 was released in 1999.

2000 Microsoft Windows 2000 was released on February 17, 2000.

2000 Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium) was released on June 19, 2000.

2001 Microsoft Windows XP was released on October 25, 2001.

2009 Microsoft released Windows 7 on October 22, 2009.

2012 Microsoft released Windows Server 2012 on September 4, 2012.

2012 Microsoft released Windows 8 on October 26, 2012.

2013 Microsoft released Windows 8.1 on October 17, 2013.

2015 Microsoft released Windows 10 on July 29, 2015.

2021 Microsoft announced released Windows 11 on October 5, 2021.

Should I use "codename," "code-named," or "codenamed" in my writing?

10 Amazing Moments in Microsoft's History,

2. A clear view of the future

3. A strategic approach to a major deal

4. The agreement with Apple

5. Tools for users

Microsoft went on to release subsequent versions of Windows, most notably Windows

7. Ballmer drops the ball

8. Nokia: an acquisition that backfired

9. LinkedIn becomes part of Microsoft

In March 2018, Nadella announced a reorganization of Microsoft into two main

Books and Journals

Online video resource/s

You might also like