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NCERT Intext Question1s

in air?
1. shoulda magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning
Q. Why
has a coating of a white layer of magnesium oxide
Ans. The magnesium ribbon which we use usually
its surface. It is formed by the slow reaction
of moist air o n it. This hinders the burning of
on
before burning.
magnesium. So, this layer is removed by rubbing with sandpaper
Q.2. Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions:
(i) Hydrogen + Chlorine -Hydrogenchloride
(ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride
(iii) Sodium + Water Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Ans. (i) H2g) + Cleg) 2HCIg)
(i) 3BaCIz(aq) + Al(SO,),(aq) 3BaSO4(s) +2AICl,(aq)
(izi) 2Nals) + 2H,0) 2NaOH (aq) + H2g)

Q.3. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions:
() Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium
sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride.
(i) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water)to
produce sodium chloride solution and water.
Ans. () BaCllaq) + Na,SO,(aq) BaSO() + 2NaClaq)
(i) NaOH(ag) + HCl(aq) NaClag) + H,O()
Q.4. A solution of a substance X' is used for whitewashing.
() Name the substance X' and write its formula.
ii) Write the reaction of the substance °X* named in (i) above with
water.
Ans. (i) The substance X' used for
whitewashing is quick lime (calcium oxide). Its formula is Ca).
(i) When quick lime is mixed with water, the
following reaction takes place:
CaO(s) +H2O()- Ca(OH)2(aq) + Heat
Quick lime Water Calcium hydroxide
(Calcium oxide)
(Slaked lime)
5. Why is the amount of
gas collected in one of the test tubes
the other in double of the amount collected in

Ans. The gas which is

electrolysis
of water
experiment?
Name this gas.
collected in double the amount
hydrogen. This is because water (H,0) contains two in the electrolysis of water experiment s

one
part of oxygen element parts of hydrogen element as comparea to
by volume.
Q.6. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it:
Ans. Iron is more reactive than copper. It displaces copper from copper sulphate solution according
to the following reaction:

FeIron(s)+CuSO, (aq) FeSO (aq) +Cu(s)

Copper sulphate Iron (1sulphate Copper

Thus, as copper sulphate reacts to form iron(II) sulphate, the blue colour of copper sulphate
solution fades and the solution green due iron (11)
turns to sulphate.
Q.7. Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one between barium
chloride and sodium sulphate solutions.
Ans. AgNO, (ag)+ Sodium
Silver nitrate
NaClaq)
chloride
AgCl() + NaNO, (aq)
Silver chloride Sodium nitrate
Q.8. Identify the substances oxidised and the substances reduced in the following reactions:
() 4Na()+O,g) 2Na,O(6)
(i) CuOG)+ H2g) Cu(s)+H,O()
Ans. ) In this reaction, sodium (Na) is changed into sodium oxide (Na,0) by the addition of
Oxygen to sodium. Since addition of oxygen is called oxidation, therefore, the substance
sodium (Na) is oxidised.
Oxygen (O,) is changed into Na,O. Here, the addition of metal to oxygen takes place. So,
the substance reduced is oxygen.
(7) Here, copper oxide is reduced to copper metal whereas hydrogen is oxidised to water.

NCERT Exercises
Q.1. Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?
2PbO)+ Co) 2Pb(s) +co,g)
() Lead is getting reduced. () Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised.
(ii) Carbon is getting oxidised. (iv) Lead oxide is getting reduced.
() ) and (i) (6) (i) and (tii) (c) (), (ii) and (ii) (d) all
Ans. The incorrect statements are:
) Lead is getting reduced and
i) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised.
Hence, (a) is the correct answer.
Q.2. Fe0, + 2Al Al,O, +2Fe
The above reaction is an example of
(a) combination reaction (6) double displacement reaction
(c) decomposition reaction (d) displacement reaction
Ans. The given equation is a displacement reaction in which Fe of Fe,0, has been displaced by Al.
Hence, (d) is the correct answer.
Q.3. What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron filings? Choose the correct answer.
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
6) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
(c) No reaction takes place.
(d) Iron salt and water are
produced.
Ans. The
following reaction takes place:
Fe(s)+2HCl(aq)
Iron Hydrochloric acid
FeCl(s)
Iron (II) chloride
+ H2(g)
Hydrogen
Thus, hydrogen and iron chloride are produced. Therefore, (a) is the correct answer.

Cnemical Reactions and Equations 23

 eHt

s h o u l d the atoms of each eleme

equation? Why number

of

balanced
chemical
contains an equal
Q.4.
What is a chemical equation
is o n e
which
balanced
Ans. A For example,
both sicdes ol
the equation. 2H,O) created nor destroyed in.
on
2Hg)+ O,g) can
neither
be
remait
matter
a n d products
conservation of mass, the total
mass of
recactants

o n botl
to the law of reaction, various
elements
According
During a
chemical
number of atoms
of thhe accordance with the
chemical
reaction.
reaction,
the balanced in
be
cquation is
chemical to
Hence, in a
chemical
he same.
Therefore, a
be equal.
sides should balance
themn.
c o n s e r v a t i o n of
mass.
and then
law of chemical equations
into
Translate the following statements to form
ammonia.
Q.5. combines with nitrogen dioxide.
gus and sulphur and a
(a) Hydrogen burns in air to give water chloride

Hydrogen sulphide gas to give aluminium

(6) aluminium sulphate
chloride reacts with
()Barium gas.
barium sulphate. and hydrogen
precipitate of hydroxide
r e a c t s with
water to give potassium
Potassium metal
(d)
(a) N,R) +SH,W)
2NH)
Ans.
2H,O0) + 2S0,g)
(b) 21,S(g) + 30,(¢)
2AICl, +3BaSO,
(c) 3BaCl, t Al(SO,)s
2KOH(aq) + H2g)
d) 2K) + 2H,O0)
Balance the following chemical equations:
Q.6. + H,O
Ca(NO3)
(a) HNO +Ca(OH)%
Na,SO, + H,O
(b) NaOH + H,SO,
() NaCl+ AgNO, AgCl+ NaNO,
(d) BaCl + H,SO4 BaSO+HCI
Ans. (a) 2HNO, + Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO) +2H,0
() 2NaOH + H,SO, NaSO, + 2H,0
(c) NaCl + AgNO, AgCl+NaNO3
BaSO +2HCI
(d) BaCl+ HSO,
Q.7. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactio
(a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide Calcium carbonate + Water
(6) Zinc + Silver nitrate Zinc nitrate + Silver
() Aluminium + Copperchloride Aluminium chloride + Copper
(d) Barium chloride-+ Potassium sulphate Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride
Ans. (a) Ca(OH),(aq) + CO,(g) CaCO,) + H,O()
(b) Zn(s) + 2AgNO,(aq) Zn(NO,)(aq) + 2Ag(s)
(c) 2Al(s) + 3CuClalag) 2AICl,(aq) +3Cu(s)
(d) BaClp(s) + K,SO,(aq) BaSO,6) + 2KCl(aq)
.8. Write the balanced chemical
equation for the following and
each case. identify the type of reaction in
(a) Potassium bromide(aq) + Barium iodide(a) Potassium iodide(ag) + Barium bromide(s)
(6) Zinc carbonate(s) Zinc oxide(s) + Carbon
()
dioxide(g)
Hydrogen(g) + Chlorine(g) Hydrogen chloride(g)
(d) Magnesium(s) + Hydrochloric acid(aq)
Magnesium chloride(aq) + Hydrogen(g)
 Ans. (a) 2KBr(ag) + Bal,(aq) 2KI(aq) + BaBr26); Double displacement reaction
(b) ZnCO,(6) ZnO(s) + CO,(g): Decomposition reaction
(c) Hag) + Cl(g) 2HCIg): Combination reaction
(d) Mg) +2HCl(aq) MgCl(aq) + H2g); Displacement reaction

9. What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.
Ans. Exothermic reaction: In exothermic reaction, heat is evolved during the reaction which is
indicated by *+ heat' sign on the right hand side of the equation.
For example:
CaO(6)+ H,O() Ca(OH),(aq) + Heat
Endothermic reaction: In this reaction, heat is absorbed which is indicated by putting "+ heat
sign on the left hand side of the equation.
For example:
Ngg)+ O,(g) + Heat 2NO(g)
o. 10. Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction? Explain.
Ans. During respiration, the glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body and provides
thiS
energy. Thus, respiration is an exothermic process because energy is produced during
process.
CgH2O (aq) +60%(g)+ 6H,O) 6CO,(g) + 12H,O)+ Energy
Glucose
opposite of combination reactions? Write
Q. 11. Why are decomposition reactions called the

equations for these reactions.

Ans. In a combination reaction, two or more substances combine to form a single product. Also, a

large amount of heat is evolved. for

The decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat, light or electricity
substance into two or more substances.
breaking down one

2NH(g)+ Heat; Combination reaction

Nog) + 3H(g) =

Decomposition reaction
2NH,g) + Heat Nog)+ 3H,(g)%
is supplied in the form of
Q.12. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy
heat, light or electricity.
Ans. Decomposition reaction involving absorption of heat:
CaO(s) + COg)
CaCO,)
Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide Carbon dioxide

reaction involving absorption of light:

Decomposition
Sunlight2Ag() + Ch g)
2AgCIo) Silver Chlorine
Silver chloride
Decomposition reaction involving absorption of electrical energy:
Electric
2H,0) current
2H(g)+O,(g)
Water Hydrogen Oxygen
displacement reactions? Write
Q.13. What is the difference between displacement and double
equations for these reactions.
Ans. In a displacement reaction, a more reactive element displaces or removes another element from

its compound.
For example, zinc being more reactive, displaces copper from its compound.

Zn(s) +CuSO4(aq) ZnSO,(aq)+ Cu(s)

In case of double displacement reactions, two compounds react by exchanging their ions and
form two new compounds.
 NO, and C
(CI respctively
rese

their ons,
exchange
chloride
sodium
and
silver nitrate reaction
For example, the following
compounds in
two new
and form NaNO,(uq)
AgCl(6)+
AgNO,(uq)+ NaCl(aq) (White ppt.) solution involved displacema
nitrate
from silver
silver
Inthe refining of silver, the recovery of
reaction
involved.

Q. 14. metal. Write down the

Cu(NO,)2(aq) + 2Ag()
by copper Silver
Ans. Cu(s)+ 2AgNO,(a7) Caopper (11) nitrate
examples5.
Copper
Silver nitrate
reactions? Explain giving insoluble in i
water, IS
precipitation which Is
m e a n by substance
15. What do you ionic compounds,
a
producesa a
Q. the clear
solutions of two
Any
reaction that
Ans. On mixing is known as precipitate.
formed
insoluble substance
formed. This
reaction.
called a precipitation white precipitate of
precipitate is barium chloride solution,
a

solution is mixed with

When sodium sulphate
of SO and Ba".
BaSO, isformed by the reaction
BaSO,() + 2NaCl{aq)
Na,SO,laq)+ BaCl,(aq) solution.
sodium chloride which remains in the
The other product formed is
each:
with two examples
in terms of gain or loss of oxygen
Q.16. Explain the following (b) Reduction.
(a) Oxidation
involves gain of oxygen. For example,
Ans. (a) Oxidation: It is defined as a process which

+0,g) 2MgO(0)
() 2Mg)
Magnesiumn Oxygen Magnesiurn oxide

Here, Mg has gained oxygen to form MgO. Hence, Mg has been oxidised to MgO.
(i) 2Cu(s) +02(g) Heat2CuO(s)
Copper Copper oxide
Oxygen

In this reaction, Cu has gained oxygen to form CuO. Thus, Cu is oxidised to copper
oxide (Cu0).
(6) Reduction: It is defined as the process which involves loss of oxygen. For example,
Heat
() CuO (s) +
H2(g) > Cu(s)+ H,O()
Copper oxide Hydrogen Copper Water
In this
reaction, copper oxide is losing oxygen. So, it is being reduced to copper.
() ZnO(s) + C(s) 1eat » Zn(s) +
Zinc oxide Carbon
Zinc
CO(g)
Carbon monoxide
In this reaction, zinc oxide is
losing oxygen. So it is being reduced to zinc.
Q. 17. A shiny
brown coloured element X' on
element X' and the black coloured heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the
Ans. Element X is compound formed.
copper. The black coloured
Heat
compound formed is copper (II) oxide.
2Cu(s) + Og(g)
Copper Oxygen
2CuO(s)
(Brown) Copper (11) oxicde
(Black)