Activity 1

OBJECTIVE: To verify that the relation R in the set L of all lines in a plane, defined by
R = {(l, m) : l ⊥ m} is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Pen,Pencil,Scale/Ruler,White sheet,Eraser.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION : Take a white sheet of paper. With the help of pencil and
scale draw some lines on it such that some are parallel , some are perpendicular to each
other and some are inclined as shown in fig1.

DEMONSTRATION:
1. Name the lines l1, l2, ..., l8.
2. l1is perpendicular to each of the lines l2, l3, l4.
3. l6is perpendicular to l7.
4. l2is parallel to l3, l3is parallel to l4 and l5is parallel to l8.
5. (l1, l2), (l1, l3), (l1, l4), (l6, l7) ∈ R
OBSERVATION
1. In Fig. 1, no line is perpendicular to itself, so the relation R = {( l, m) : l ⊥ m} ______
reflexive (is/is not).

2. In Fig. 1, l1 ⊥l2. Is l2⊥ l1 ? ______ (Yes/No)

∴ ( l1, l2) ∈ R ⇒ ( l2, l1) ______ R (∉/∈)

 Similarly, l3⊥ l1. Is l1⊥ l3? _______ (Yes/No)

∴ ( l3, l1) ∈ R ⇒ ( l1, l3) ______ R (∉/∈)

Also, l6⊥ l7. Is l7⊥ l6? _______ (Yes/No)

∴ ( l6, l7) ∈ R ⇒ ( l7, l6) ______ R (∉/∈)

∴ The relation R .... symmetric (is/is not)

3. In Fig. 1, l2⊥ l1 and l1⊥ l3. Is l2⊥ l3? ... (Yes/No)

i.e., (l2, l1) ∈ R and (l1, l3) ∈ R ⇒ (l2, l3) ______ R (∉/∈) ∴ The relation R .... transitive
(is/is not).

APPLICATION:

This activity can be used to check whether a given relation is an equivalence

relation or not.
NOTE : In this case, the relation is not an equivalence relation.

Activity 2
Activity 3
Activity 4
Activity 5
 Activity 6
OBJECTIVE : To construct an open box of maximum volume from a given

rectangular sheet by cutting equal squares from each corner.

MATERIAL REQUIRED: Chart papers, scissors, cellotape, calculator.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION :

1. Take a rectangular chart paper of size 20 cm × 10 cm and name it as ABCD.

2. Cut four equal squares of each side x cm from each corner A, B, C and D.

3. Repeat the process by taking the same size of chart papers and different

values of x.

4. Make an open box by folding its flaps using cellotape/adhesive.

DEMONSTRATION

1. When x = 1, Volume of the box = 144 cm3

2. When x = 1.5, Volume of the box = 178.5 cm3

3. When x = 1.8, Volume of the box = 188.9 cm3

4. When x = 2, Volume of the box = 192 cm3

5. When x = 2.1, Volume of the box = 192.4 cm3

6. When x = 2.2, Volume of the box = 192.2 cm3

7. When x = 2.5, Volume of the box = 187.5 cm3

8. When x = 3, Volume of the box = 168 cm3

Clearly, the volume of the box is maximum when x = 2.1.

OBSERVATION
1. V1 = Volume of the open box ( when x = 1.6) = .................
2. V2 = Volume of the open box ( when x = 1.9) = .................
3. V = Volume of the open box ( when x = 2.1) = .................
4. V3 = Volume of the open box ( when x = 2.2) = .................
5. V4 = Volume of the open box ( when x = 2.4) = .................
6. V5 = Volume of the open box ( when x = 3.2) = .................
7. Volume V1 is ____________ than volume V.
8. Volume V2 is ____________ than volume V.
9. Volume V3 is ____________ than volume V.
10. Volume V4 is ____________ than volume V.
11. Volume V5 is ____________ than volume V.
So, Volume of the open box is maximum when x = ________.

APPLICATION
This activity is useful in explaining the concepts of maxima/minima of functions.
It is also useful in making packages of maximum volume with minimum cost.
 Activity 7

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate area under the given curve using geometry

Materials Required: pen, pencil, ruler

Method : Evaluate the area under the curve f (x)=¿ x +2∨¿ above the x axis and between
x= -5 and x=0 using geometry.
1. Draw the graph of the curve f (x)=¿ x +2∨¿, x= -5 and x=0 as given below and
shade the two triangles to find the area under the curve.

2. Find the area of Δ ABC and Δ EOC .

3. Find the sum of the areas of the two triangles.
4. Verify the value of the area also using integration.
5.
Observations:
1. The area of Δ ABC =¿
2. The area of Δ EOC =¿
3. Therefore area of ( Δ ABC + Δ EOC ¿=¿
0

4. Using Integration ∫ ¿ x +2∨dx =¿ ¿

−5

Conclusion:
Area computed by both the methods is ______________
Activity 8
Activity 9
OBSERVATION
 Activity 10
OBJECTIVE: To visualize total probability and Bayes theorem using tree diagram in the
given problem
Materials Required: pen, pencil, ruler
Method and Observations:
An experiment consists of selecting a marble from a box and spinning a coin. The box
contains 5 red and 7 blue marbles. A marble is selected at random from the box, its
colour is noted and then the marble is returned to the box. When a red marble is
2
selected , a biased coin with probability 3 of landing heads is spun. When blue marble is
selected a fair coin is spun
(a) Complete the tree diagram given below to show the possible outcomes and
associated probabilities

HEADS

RED
TAILS

HEADS

BLU
E

TAILS

Samaira selects a marble and spins the appropriate coin. With the help of the tree
diagram
(b) Find the probability that she obtains a head

(c)Given that Samaira selected a marble at random and obtained a head when she
spun the appropriate coin, find the probability that she selected a red marble