CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

Done by :
Charanjit. N
Naresh Prian R B
Sri Gowtham S R
Keeruthi Rajan M.A
Rohit Sri Ram .
 CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

CONTENTS

 AIM

 MATERIALS REQUIRED

 THEORY

 IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICAL

 IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL

 CONFIRMATORY OF BASIC RADICAL

 IONS PRESENT AND ITS BENEFITS

 CONCLUSION
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AIM:
To analyse the acid and basic radicals
present in the given toothpaste and
stating its benefits.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Hydrochloric acid ,Dil. Sulphuric acid,
Concentrated Sulphuric acid ,
Ammonium Chloride , Ammonium
Hydroxide Ammonium Carbonate ,
Acetic acid , Nitric acid , Silver nitrate ,
Potassium Ferro Cyanide , Hydrogen
sulphide gas , Test tube , Beaker, Flame,
Flask ,Spatula
Toothpaste:
 Colgate
 Close up
 Sensodyne
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 Dabur red paste
 Pepsodant

THEORY :
In qualitative analysis the given
compound is analyzed for the radical
that is cation and anion that it
contains. the common procedure of
testing on unknown salt is to make it
solution and then test this solution
for the Ion present in it. The
preliminary test such as colour, odour,
dry heating, flame test etc at
performed. these test are common
for all samples under salt analysis.
further there are separate procedure
for detecting cations and anions.
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IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICAL

The following expriments along with preliminary
tests are conducted to determine the acid radicals
or anion
 Action of Dilute HCl
 Ammonium molybdate test
 Barium chloride Test
 Silver Nitrate Test
 Lead Acetate Test
 Magnesium Sulphate
COLGATE
S.no EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 ACTION OF DILUTE A brisk Presence of
HCl effervenence carbonate ion
TO a little of salt turning lime
solution added dilute water milky is
hcl obtained
2 AMMONIUM Canary yellow Presence of
MOLYBDATE TEST precipitate is phosphate ion
To a little of the salt obtained
added conc.HNO3 till
the fumes ceases to
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evolve and then
added ammonium
molybdate solution
3 BARIUM CHLORIDE A white Presence of
TEST precipitate is sulphate and
To a little of salt obtained carbonate ion
solution added
barium
chloride solution
4 LEAD ACETATE TEST A white Presence of
to a little of salt precipitate is sulphate ion
solution added lead obtained
acetate solution
5 MAGNESIUM A white Presence of
SULPHATE TEST precipitate is carbonate
to a little of salt obtained
solution added
magnesium
sulphate solution
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IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL
To identify the cations we have been using the
flame test (a preliminary test) for indication.
whichever cation is indicated, it is confirmed on
the basis of corresponding test
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 FLAME TEST Brick red Presence of
A paste Is made up colour flame is calcium ion
of salt and conc. obtained
HCl in a watch glass
.The paste is
introduced into a
non luminous flame
2 ASH TEST Pink coloured Presence of
a little of the salt ash is obtained magnesium ion
solution is added to
cobalt nitrate
solution and drop
of conc.HNO3.Dip a
filter paper into this
solution and
introduce the filter
paper to the flame
3 To a little of original A white Presence of
salt solution precipitate is group 4 ion Ba
obtained and Ca
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4 To a little of original A white Presence of
salt solution precipitate is group 5 ion Mg
obtained
5 To a little of original No yellow Confirms the
salt solution added precipitate but presence of
K2CrO4 solution yellow Calcium ion
solution is
obtained
6 To a little of original A white Confirms the
salt solution added precipitate is presence of
(NH4)C2O4 obtained Calcium ion
solution
7 To a little of original A greenish Confirms the
salt solution added blue presence of
Magneson solution precipitate is magnesium ion
obtained

BENEFITS OF THESE IONS

 Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth. It is important
for heart function. It also helps with muscle contraction,
nerve signaling, and blood clotting. This article discusses
the test used to measure the amount of ionized
calcium in blood.
 Magnesium (Mg++) ions serve various physiological
functions in living cells. Its primary role is as a co-factor in
many enzymatic reactions, especially those involved in
energy production and ATP utilization.
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 Some sulfates occur naturally and are found in water.
Along with other salts and minerals, they help improve the
taste of drinking water.
 The carbonate ions have multiple applications: Washing
detergents contain carbonates such as potassium and
sodium carbonates. Water softening agent
PEPSODENT
Acid Radical confirmatories:
1.
To the Original A brisk
Solution added effervescence CO32- is confirmed
dil.HCl solution obtained
2.
To the sample A colourless
added conc. H2SO4 pungent smelling Cl- is confirmed
solution. gas obtained

3.
To the sample
added dil. HNO3, A white precipitate Cl- is confirmed
boiled, cooled and obtained.
added AgNO3.
Chromyl Chloride Presence of cl-
test
)To a pinch of salt Reddish orange
added solid fume is obtained
potassium
dichromate and
conc.H2SO4.
 CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
ii)The fumes are Yellow color
passed into a solution is obtained
solution of NaOH.
iii)To the yellow Yellow colour
solution is added is precipitate is
added lead obtained
acetate solution
4.Dil.H2SO4
Colorless, CO32- may be
To the sample added
Odourless gas is present
dil H2SO4 obtained

Basic Group Analysis and

confirmatories:
1.
To the sample added
NH4Cl, boiled, cooled Brown precipitate Group III Present.
Added NH4OH in obtained. Al3+ detected.
excess.

2.
To the sample added A white precipitate Group V present.
NH4OH and (NH4)2CO3. is obtained.
Flame test
Introduce the sample Brick red flame Ca2+ may be
to the flame obtained present
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Benefits of these ions
 Aluminum compounds also improve the
effectiveness of vaccinations and drugs, and
aluminum sulfates are used for
water purification.
 Chlorine helps to regulate the amount of fluid
and types of nutrients going in and
out of the cells.

DABUR RED
ACID RADICLE:
Experiment Observation Inference

Dil.H2SO4: Colorless, CO32- may be

To the sample added Odourless gas is present
obtained
dil H2SO4
Magnesium White precipitate Presence of
sulphate test is obtained carbonate ion
To a little of salt
solution added
magnesium
sulphate solution
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Basic Group Analysis and

confirmatories:
1.To the sample
added NH4OH and A white precipitate Group V present.
(NH4)2CO3. is obtained.
2.Flame test
Introduce the Brick red flame Ca2+ may be
sample to the obtained present
flame
iii)

To the third part A white precipitate Ca2+ is present

added (NH4)2C2O4 is obtained
and NH4OH
solution.
7.
Took the filtrate of
above step and A white precipitate Mg2+ is present
added a few drops is obtained.
of amm. oxalate
solution, boiled,
filtered. Took the
ppt, boiled, added
NH4OH and
NH4Cl.
in excess.
Add(NH4)2HPO4
 CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
and rubbed with a
glassrod.