ANALYSIS OF PIER WELL

Design Parameters
Total length of Bridge, Ltotal = 333.96 m
Interior Span, L1 = 37.10 m
Exterior Span, L2 = 37.10 m
Effective span (Le) = 35.560 m
Deck Slab = One way spanning
Width of carriageway = 7.500 m
Provision of footpath Nil
Overall width of superstructure 11.230 m
Presence of vertial/horizontal curves = Nil
Thickness of Wearing Coat = 75 mm (Avg.)
Grade of Concrete = 30 Mpa
Co-eff. of linear thermal expansion = 1.17E-05 /°C
Young's modulus of Concrete, Ec = 27386.13 N/mm2

Hydraulic Particulars & Height of Abutment/Pier wall

At the proposed Bridge Site, the following data are available;
a) High Flood Level, HFL = 100.267 m
b) Lowest Bed Level, LBL = 93.340 m

Scour Depth Calculation :

At Pier Locations
Max. Scour Level = = 81.031 m (Non-seismic)
= 82.955 m (Seismic)

Calculation of height of frame at Pier locations

Thickness of PSC I - Girder with slab = 2950 mm (At Crown)
Thickness of Wearing Coat (Avg.) = 75 mm
So, Finished Road Level, FRL = 105.000 m
Level at bottom of girder (Bearing level) = 101.975 m
Placing bottom of well cap at = 91.200 m
Thickness of well cap = 1.500 m
Top of well cap level = 92.700 m
Hence, Height of Pier wall with Cap= 101.745 - 92.7 = 9.045 m
Height of frame at Pier locations = 7.045 m

FRL=105m

H.F.L.= 100.267m
Pier

RCC T-girder with deck slab

Well Cap

Maximum Scour Level = 82.955m(siesmic)

Maximum Scour Level = 81.031m(non-siesmic)

Fig. 1b W

3
RCC = 25.00 KN/m
3
Wearing coat = 24.00 KN/m

Material Specification
RCC = Grade M-30
Reinforcing Steel = Fe 500 as per IS 1786
fy (steel) = 500 N/mm2
Calculation of weight of Pier, Pier Cap, Well cap, Steining wall etc.
Self weight of pier cap + reaction block = = 1490.00 KN
Self weight of pier without buoyancy (No water Condition)= = 1174.56 KN
Self weight of pier considering 15% buoyancy (HFL Condition)= = 1490.02 KN
Self weight of pier considering full buoyancy (HFL Condition)= = 951.08 KN
Self weight of well cap(without buoyancy)= = 1884.96 KN
Self weight of well cap(15% buoyancy)= = 1771.86 KN
Self weight of well cap(full buoyancy)= = 1130.98 KN
Self weight of well steining(without buoyancy) upto MSL (Non siesmic condition)= = 8553.77 KN
Self weight of well steining(with 15% buoyancy) upto MSL (Non siesmic condition)= = 8040.54 KN
Self weight of well steining(with full buoyancy) upto MSL (Non siesmic condition)= = 5132.26 KN
Self weight of well steining(without buoyancy) upto MSL (siesmic condition)= = 6935.38 KN
Self weight of well steining(with 15% buoyancy) upto MSL (siesmic condition)= = 6519.26 KN
Self weight of well steining(with full buoyancy) upto MSL (siesmic condition)= = 4161.23 KN
Weight of sand filling (without buoyancy) upto MSL (Non siesmic condition)= = 3637.17 KN
Weight of sand filling (with 15% buoyancy) upto MSL (Non siesmic condition)= = 3418.94 KN
Weight of sand filling (with full buoyancy) upto MSL (Non siesmic condition)= = 2182.30 KN
Weight of sand filling (without buoyancy) upto MSL (siesmic condition)= = 2466.43 KN
Weight of sand filling (with 15% buoyancy) upto MSL (siesmic condition)= = 2260.89 KN
Weight of sand filling (with full buoyancy) upto MSL (siesmic condition)= = 1096.19 KN
Self weight of well steining(with 15% buoyancy) below MSL (Non siesmic condition)= = 14537.66 KN
Self weight of well steining(with full buoyancy) below MSL (Non siesmic condition)= = 9279.36 KN
Self weight of well steining(with 15% buoyancy) below MSL (siesmic condition)= = 16058.95 KN
Self weight of well steining(with full buoyancy) below MSL (siesmic condition)= = 10250.39 KN
Weight of sand filling (with 15% buoyancy) below MSL (Non siesmic condition)= = 5041.70 KN
Weight of sand filling (with full buoyancy) below MSL (Non siesmic condition)= = 2444.46 KN
Weight of sand filling (with 15% buoyancy) below MSL (siesmic condition)= = 5569.28 KN
Weight of sand filling (with full buoyancy) below MSL (siesmic condition)= = 2700.26 KN
Weight of bottom plug (with 15% buoyancy) = = 1288.18 KN
Weight of bottom plug (with full buoyancy) = = 801.54 KN

Calculation of water current force on Pier:

Wearing coat
Deck Slab

FRL = 105.0 m

HFL= 100.3 m

Pier

Well Cap Top of well cap Lvl. = 92.700 m

Bot of well cap Lvl. = 91.200 m

LBL = 93.340 m

Maximum Scour Level = 82.955m(siesmic)

Maximum Scour Level = 81.031m(non-siesmic)

Well

On piers, parallel to the direction of water current, the intensity of pressure is calculated as -
P = 52.K.V2
Here K = 0.66 (Clause 213.2, IRC:6-2000)
Mean Velocity of water current at pier location, Vm = 1.619 m/s
So, V2 = 2 x Vm2 = 5.242 m/s
Pressure at top, i.e. at H.F.L.= 52.K.V2 = 179.91 kg/m
2

2
= 1.799 KN/m
2
Pressure at bottom, i.e. at M.S.L. = 0 KN/m
 2
100.300 m 1.799 KN/m

2
1.405 KN/m

2
92.700 m 0.933 KN/m

2
91.200 m 0.428 KN/m

2
82.955 m 0 KN/m

Now HFL = 100.300 m

Max scour level = 82.955 m
Top of well cap level = 92.700 m
Bottom of well cap level = 91.200 m
Width of pier = 3.000 m (Shape factor taken as 0.66 for end wall Pier)
Depth from HFL to bottom of pier = 7.60 m
2
Area of pier perpendicular to water current = (100.3-92.7) x 3 = 22.8 m
Diameter of well = 8 m
Total water current force on pier= (1.405 x 22.8 ) = 32.03 KN (in transverse dircection)
which is acting at 3.8 m above top of well cap level
So Moment due to water current at bottom of pier in transverse dircection = 32.03x3.8 = 121.71 KN-m

Calculation of water current in Longitudinal direction

Considering water is flowing at an inclination of 200 with the axis perpendicular to span
Pressure component in the longitudinal direction at C.G. Level = (3.103 x SIN200 ) = 0.481 KN/m
2

2
Area of pier in the longitudinal direction= (100.3-92.7) x 3 = = 22.80 m
Total water current force on pier= (22.8 x 0.481 ) = 10.97 KN (in longitudinal dircection)
which is acting at 3.8 m above top of well cap level
So Moment due to water current at bottom of pier in longitudinal dircection = 10.97 x 3.8 = 41.69 KN-m

Basic Design Data

Span, Le = 35.56 m
Clear Carriageway width = 7.50 m
Height of Superstructure at CL of carriageway from top of bearing = 2.950 m
Formation Level = 105.000 m RL
RL at top of Pier Cap = 101.685 m RL
RL at top of Bearing having maximum pedestal depth = 101.975 m RL
RL at top of Pier well Cap = 92.700 m RL
Thickness of Pier cap for rectangular section = 1.20 m
Thickness of Pier cap for trapeziodal section = 0.80 m
Dia of Pier Shaft = 3.00 m
Width of Pier= 3.00 m
Length of Pier Cap = 11.000 m
Width of Pier Cap = 3.200 m
Bearing Type = Pot cum PTFE
Height of bearing+pedestal(having maximum depth) = 0.290 m
Height of centre of vertical bearing (from top of Pier Cap) = 0.290 m
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075 m
Diameter of well= 8.000 m
Steining Thickness= 1.700 m
Founding level= 59.200 m
Calculation of Seismic Forces:
Zone IV Zone factor = Z = 0.24
Z= 0.24 Sa / g = 2.5 R= 2.5 I= 1.0
Seismic coefficient A_h =(Z/2) x (Sa/g)/(R/I) = 0.120 for substructure
B. Seismic on Pier Cap:
3.2 11.00

1.20 HFL= 100.267 m

0.80

7.045 7.567

Top of Well Cap= 92.700 m

91.200 m
Bottom of Well Cap

82.955 m
MSL(Siesmis case)
1.700
81.031 m
Sand Filling MSL(Non-Siesmic case)

3.445
Bottom Plug
Found Lev:
59.200 m

8.000

E. Seismic on Well Steining upto MSL :

CG of the well steining from MSL= 4.123 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Steining wall = 832.25 KN
Acting at RL = 87.078 M RL
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Steining wall = 832.25 KN
Acting at RL = 87.078 M RL

F. Seismic on sand filling upto MSL :

CG of the sand filling from MSL= 4.123 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Sand filling = 295.97 KN
Acting at RL = 87.078 M RL
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Sand filling = 295.97 KN
Acting at RL = 87.078 M RL
 G. Seismic on carriageway live load
Case-1 1 - span class-A -with 1 lane W= 84.72 KN
Transverse seismic = 10.17 KN
Acting at RL = 105 +1.2 = 106.200 m RL

Case-2. 1 - span class-A -with 2 lanes W= 169.47 KN

Transverse seismic force = 20.34 KN
Acting at RL - 106.200 m RL

Case-3. 2 - span class-A -with 1 lane W= 95.81 KN

Transverse seismic force = 11.50 KN
Acting at RL - 106.200 m RL

Case-4. 2 - span class-A -with 2 lane W= 191.63 KN

Transverse seismic force = 23.00 KN
Acting at RL - 106.200 m RL

Case-5. one span 70R-Wheel -with 1 lane W= 172.79 KN

Transverse seismic force = 20.73 KN
Acting at RL - 106.200 m RL

Case-6. Both span 70R-Wheel -with 1 lane W= 183.40 KN

Transverse seismic force = 22.01 KN
Acting at RL - 106.200 m RL

Design of well
LOAD COMBINATIONS AT WELL SCOUR LEVEL (Increasing seismic loads from foundations as per cl. 219.9, IRC-2010)
Sl.NO
LOAD DESCRIPITION V ML MT HL LA ML HT LA MT V ML MT
1 Dead load 4372.64 4372.64
2 Self weight of Pier Cap 1490.00 1490.00
3 Self weight of pier
No water condition 1174.56 1174.56
HFL Condition
998.38 998.38
15% buoyancy
4 Self weight of Well Cap
15% buoyancy 1771.86 1771.86
Full buoyancy 1130.98 1130.98
5 Self weight of well steining
15% buoyancy 6519.26 6519.26
Siesmic
Full buoyancy 4161.23 4161.23
No 15% buoyancy 8040.54 8040.54
n- Full buoyancy 5132.26 5132.26
6 Weight of sand filling
15% buoyancy 2260.89 2260.89
Siesmic
Full buoyancy 1096.19 1096.19
No 15% buoyancy 3418.94 3418.94
n- Full buoyancy 2182.30 2182.30
Footpath Live load
7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 Carraigeway live load
IRC Class A (One lane
(i) 462.01 4.62 1131.91 462.01 4.62 1131.91
/ one span loaded)
IRC Class A (Two lane
(ii) 924.01 9.24 646.81 924.01 9.24 646.81
/ one span loaded)
IRC Class A (One lane
(iii) 426.59 4.10 1045.13 426.59 4.10 1045.13
/ both span loaded)
IRC Class A (Two lane
(iv) 853.17 8.19 597.22 853.17 8.19 597.22
/ both span loaded)
IRC Class 70R (One
(v) 980.20 9.80 1132.13 980.20 9.80 1132.13
lane / one span loaded)
IRC Class 70R (One
(vii) 1040.02 24.03 1201.22 1040.02 24.03 1201.22
lane / both span
8 Braking Force
(i) IRC Class A 13.68 0.00 19.020 0.00 13.68 0.00
(ii) IRC Class 70R 24.69 0.00 19.020 0.00 24.69 0.00
9 Seismic forces
(i) Vertical Push-pull 0.00
(ii) on superstructure 501.62 46.91 19.020 892.23 46.91 19.020 892.23 501.62 892.23 892.23
(iii) on pier cap 226.48 268.20 18.291 4905.65 268.20 18.291 4905.65 226.48 4905.65 4905.65
(iv) on pier 178.54 211.43 13.268 2805.25 211.43 13.268 2805.25 178.54 2805.25 2805.25
(v) on well cap 286.37 339.12 8.995 3050.38 339.12 8.995 3050.38 286.37 3050.38 3050.38
(vi) on steining wall 416.13 832.25 4.123 3431.37 832.25 4.123 3431.37 416.13 3431.37 3431.37
(vii) on sand filling 147.99 295.97 4.123 1220.28 295.97 4.123 1220.28 147.99 1220.28 1220.28
(viii) on carraigeway live load
IRC Class A (One lane
55.72 6.19 23.25 143.92 55.72 143.92
/ one span loaded)
IRC Class A (Two lane
111.44 12.38 23.25 287.84 111.44 287.84
/ one span loaded)
IRC Class A (One lane
51.45 5.72 23.25 132.99 51.45 132.99
/ both span loaded)
IRC Class A (Two lane
102.89 11.43 23.25 265.75 102.89 265.75
/ both span loaded)
IRC Class 70R (One
118.21 13.13 23.25 305.27 118.21 305.27
lane / one span loaded)
IRC Class 70R (One
lane / both span 125.43 13.94 23.25 324.11 125.43 324.11
loaded)
10 Water current force
on pier 10.97 13.545 148.59 32.03 13.545 433.85 148.59 433.85
on well cap 3.83 8.995 34.45 11.20 8.995 100.74 34.45 100.74
on well 8.69 4.123 35.83 25.41 4.123 104.77 35.83 104.77
HL LA ML HT
Load matrix : Pier Well at MSL excluding Tilt and Shift considering 15% buoyancy (No water condiiton- Non-Seis)

Type V H_L M_L H_T M_T

DL 20269 0 0 0 0
Load = LL 1040 0 0 0 1201
Siesmic_Lon
1757 1994 16305 0 0
g
Siesmic_Trans 1883 0 0 2008 16629
Water current 0 0 0 0 0

Height of well, H= 32.000 m

Df= 23.755 m
Permissible tilt = (1 in 80) = 0.400 m
Total weight of well at base, W= 42596 KN
Moment due to tilt= 17038 KN-m

Moment due to shift taking 1% of total depth sunk subjected to maximum of 150mm=
1% of Height of well = 0.15 m
Moment due to shift= 6389 KN-m
Total moment= 23427 KN-m

Load matrix : For Pier Well Stability Analysis

Type V H_L M_L H_T M_T
DL 32794 0 23427 0 0
Load = LL 1040 0 0 0 1201
Siesmic_Lon
1757 1994 63672 0 0
g
Siesmic_Tra
1883 0 0 2008 64329
ns
Water
0 0 0 0 0
current
Load matrix : Pier Well at MSL excluding Tilt and Shift considering full buoyancy (HFL condition: Seismic)

Type V H_L M_L H_T M_T

DL 17413 0 0 0 0
Load = LL 1040 0 0 0 1201
Siesmic_Lon
1757 1994 16305 0 0
g
Siesmic_Tra
1883 0 0 2008 16629
ns
Water
0 23 219 69 639
current

Height of well, H= 32.000 m

Df= 23.755 m
Permissible tilt = (1 in 80) = 0.400 m
Total weight of well at base, W= 42420 KN
Moment due to tilt= 16968 KN-m

Moment due to shift taking 1% of total depth sunk subjected to maximum of 150mm=
1% of Height of well = 0.15 m
Moment due to shift= 6363 KN-m
Total moment= 23331 KN-m

Load matrix : For Pier Well Stability Analysis

Type V H_L M_L H_T M_T
DL 31165 0 23331 0 0
Load = LL 1040 0 0 0 1201
Siesmic_Long 1757 1994 63672 0 0
Siesmic_Trans 1883 0 0 2008 64329
Water current 0 23 765 69 2278