819 Abutment Design

INPUT DATA
1 HYDRAULOGICAL DATA
High Flood Level (HFL) = 98.765 m
Design discharge in cumecs (Q) = 538.2 m3/sec
Vertical Clearance = 1.200 m
Afflux = 0.05 m
Freeboard = 1.250 m
Type of Soil (Hard Rock/Rock/Soil) = Soil
Silt Factor (from Soil) = 1.000
Mean Velocity of Water (Vm) (at 0.000 Chainage of River) = 0.941 m/sec
2 SUPERSTRUCTURE
Super Structure Details are addopted from Standard Drawing = 18 m RCC T-Beam
Grade of Concrete(Superstructure) = 30 (M)
skew angle = 0 ˚
Finished Road Level (FRL) = 102.000 m
Level at bottom of girder (Bearing level) = 100.059 m
Thickness of CEMENT concrete wearing coat = 0 m
Thickness of BITUMINOUS concrete wearing coat = 0.075 m
Unit weight of bituminous concrete wearing coat = 22 kN/m3
Effective span (c/c of bearing/cross girder/abutment) (Le) = 18.00 m
No. of Span = 5 no
Length between Expansion Gap center to center = 18.600 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall inner face to Deck edge = 0.040 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall outer face to Approach Slab = 0.020 m
Total length of bridge between Inner face of Dirt wall ( Ltotal ) = 93.040 m
Distance between center line of Cross Girder & Deck Edge = 0.280 m
Length of Approach Slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of Approach Slab = 0.300 m
Total Length of Bridge with Approach Slab = 100.880 m
Total width (W) = 12.000 m
Carriageway width = 7.500 m
Provision of Footpath = Yes Area of footpath
Width of Footpath = 1.475 m 0.36 m2
Width of Kerb (bk) = 0.225 m
Width of Crash Barrier (bc) = 0.550 m
Ht. of Kerb (hk) = 0.300 m
Ht. of Railing with kerb (hc) = 1.550 m
Area of Crash Barrier = 0.000 m2
Depth of Girder (Including Deck Slab) at mid point = 1.866 m
Depth of Girder (Excluding Deck Slab) = 1.530 m
Thickness of deck slab at end = 0.200 m
Thickness of deck slab at mid point = 0.336 m
Length of Cantilever portion of deck slab = 1.700 m
Camber in deck slab = 2.5 % (both side camber)
Unit weight of RCC = 25 kN/m3
Grade of Steel = 500 (Fe)
3 GIRDER DETAILS
No. of Longitudinal Girder = 4 no 1.79
No. of Cross Girder in one span = 3 no
Length of Centre line of bearing to Girder End = 0.28
Total Longitudinal Girder length end to end in one Span = 18.56
Length of the straight part of the Girder at support = 0.70m
Length of the varying part of the Girder = 0.90m
Length of the middle part = 15.36m
Distance between center line of Longituding Girder = 2.650m
Ht of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.25m
Width of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.625m
Ht of Trapizoidal portion in Bulb = 0.15m
Thickness of Web of Longitudinal Girder = 0.325m
Ht. of cross Girder = 1.266m
Thickness of cross Girder = 0.300m
Cross Sectional Area of Deck with Girder at mid portion = m2
Cross Sectional Area of Deck with Girder at end portion = m2
C.G. Distance of Girder Section (with Deck) from Bottom of Girder = 1.830 m
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Pier = 3493.5 kN
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Abutment = 1746.750 kN
4 SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION

Grade of Concrete(Substructure & Foundation) = 30 (M)
2
Young's modulus of Concrete, Ecm = 31000 N/mm
(From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Reinforcement
Grade of steel = 500 (Fe 500)
No of Abutment = 2 no
No of Pier = 4 no
FOR ABUTMENT
Type of Foundation = Pile foundation
Top of pilecap = 96.500 m
Maximum Scour Level = 92.954 m
Bottom of Foundation/Pile Cap at Abutment Location = 94.700 m
Abutment Shaft
Thickness of Abutment Wall at top = 1.200 m
Thickness of Abutment Wall at bottom 1.200 m
Avg. Thickness of Abutment Wall = 1.200 m
Length of Abutment Wall = 12.000 m
Abutment Cap
Length of Abutment Cap = 12.000 m
Width of Abutment cap = 1.220 m
Height of Abutment cap = 0.800 m
Dirt Wall & Return Wall
Thickness of Dirt Wall = 0.400 m
Length of Dirt Wall = 12.000 m
Length of Return Wall = 3.500 m
Thickness of Return Wall at Edge = 0.300 m
Thickness of Return Wall at Face = 0.500 m
Abutment Foundation
Foundation Shape (Rectangle/Tappered) = Rectangle
Total Width of Abutment Foundation = 5.100 m
Width of Abutment Foundation at Toe Side = 1.950 m
Length of Abutment Foundation = 15.900 m
Thickness of Abutment Foundation at Abutment Face = 1.800 m
Thickness of Abutment Foundation at Edge = 1.800 m
Area of Tappered Foundation = 0.000 m2
Area of Rectangular Foundation = 9.180 m2
C.G of Trapizoidal part of Foundation from foundation bottom = 0.000 m
C.G of Rectangular part of Foundation from foundaion bottom = 0.900 m
C.G of Foundation = 0.900 m
Pile and pile cap :-

Diameter of piles = = 1.200 m
Height of pile cap = = 1.800 m
Length of pile cap = = 15.900 m
Width of pile cap = = 5.100 m
Length Pile= = 24.00 m
Vertical Capacity= 3500 KN Hor. Capacity = 470.00 Kn
5
DETAILS OF BEARING AND ARRESTER BLOCK
Bearing Type ( Elastomeric/ Rocker-Roller/ Pot cum PTFE ) = Pot cum PTFE
Bearing on Abt ( Elastomeric/ Rocker/Roller/ Pot/Pot cum PTFE ) = Pot cum PTFE
Bearing on Pier ( Elastomeric/ Rocker-Roller/ Pot PTFE/Pot-Pot/Rocker-Rocker ) = Pot cum PTFE
No. of Bearing at Abutment 4 no
No. of Bearing at Pier 8 no
Height of Bearing at C/L of slab = 0.14
Hight of Pedestal below centre Bearing = 0.25
a) For Elastomeric Bearing

Length of Bearing (along road width ) = 0.5 m
Width of Bearing (along bridge length) = 0.45 m
Height of Bearing = 0.096 m
Maximum Height of Pedestal at Bearing side = 0.15 m
6 SEISMIC ZONE
Seismic Zone = V 0.36
Importance Factor = 1.2
From IRC:6 (Page - 23,Clause - 211)

Live Load For Calculations Crowd Load
Effective Span (M) 18.000 3 Lane IRC CLASS A 1 Lane 70R WHEEL 1 Lane 70R TRACKED Footpath LL(kN/m2)
IMPACT FACTOR 0.188 0.188 0.100 4.000
Multiplying Factor 1.188 1.188 1.100
Coefficient of linear Thermal Expansion = 0.0000117 per degree centegrade

Shrinkage Cofeeicient = 2.00E-04
From IRC:5 (Page - 16,Clause -106.2.1)
Design Minimum
Discharge Clearance (mm)
0.3 to 3 450
3 to 30 600
30 to 300 900
300 to 3000 1200
above 3000 1500
From IRC:6 (Page - 51,Table- 5,Clause - 222.5)
ZONE
ZONE NO.
FACTOR
Type of Bridge Importance Factor for Bridges

II 0.10
III 0.16 Normal Bridges 1.0
IV 0.24 Important Bridges 1.2
V 0.36 Large Critical Bridges 1.5
Wind Calculation:
Basic Wind speed = 50 m/s
wind speed 33 m/s,
Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstruction
H (m) Vz (m/s)Pz (N/m2)Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5

15 29.2 512.5 19.6 230.5
20 30.3 550.6 21 265.3
30 31.4 590.2 22.8 312.2
50 33.1 569.2 24.9 370.4
60 33.6 676.3 25.6 392.9
70 34 693.6 26.2 412.8
80 34.4 711.2 26.9 433.3
90 34.9 729 27.5 454.2
100 35.3 747 28.2 475.6
H = avg. Height from Ground/water lev.
Vz = Hourly mean speed of wind at Ht. H
Pz = Horizontal wind mean speed of wind at Ht. H
Height of the superstructure = 8.850 m ~ 10 m

so,
Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstruction
H (m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
10 42.12 1064.5 26.97 437.33
Super Structure:
Gust Factor = 2.00 No of beam b/d Value of CD
Deck Type = deck supported by plate girder Slab Bridge >=10 1.1
no. of girder = more than two single 2
Deck supported by beam or box girder 1.5
b= 18.00 m >=6 1.3
d= 1.53 m two or more 1.95
c= 2.65 m Deck supported by plate girder single 2.2
b/d = 11.76 two or more 2.2
Drag Coefficient = 1.95

Drag Coefficient = 1.3 d/b CD for pier t/b ratio of
1 2 4 6 10 20 40
<= 0.25 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 2
< 0.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2 2
< .67 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2 2
<1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 2
< 1.5 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2
<2 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1
<3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1
>=4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1
square or Octagonal 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1
12 side POLYGON 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1 1.1 1
circle with smooth surface 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1
circle with rough surface 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1 1
Thermal Calculation:
Thermal co-efficient of RCC (α) = 1.20E-05 /8C (Clause 215.4, IRC:6-2010, page-42)
Temperature variation at our location of bridge = 42.50 /8C (Fig. 8&9, IRC:6-2010, pages-39,40)
= t/2 21.25 /8C
So, movement of deck due to temperature variation = L.α.t 0.004 m

= 3.825 mm
ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT
Basic design data:-
a) Superstructure:-
Formation level = 102.000 m
Overall length of Bridge= 93.84 m
Span ( c/c of expansion joint) = 18.600 m
Distance between C/l of bearing to C/l of exp. joint = 0.3 m
Effective span (C/C of bearing) = 18.000 m
Clear carraige way width = 7.500 m
Depth of girder+deck slab at CL of carraigeway = 1.866 m
Thickness of bituminous concrete Wearing Coat (on carriageway)= 0.075 m
b) Hydraulic and survey data :-
H.F.L = 98.765 m
Lowest Bed Level, LBL 97.000 m
Max. scour level = 92.954 m ( Non seismic case)
c) Sub-structure :-
Bearing and pedestal :
Level of bearings = 100.059 m.
Thickness of bearing = 0.140 m
Thickness of pedestal = 0.250 m
Maximum ht of bearing + pedestal = 0.390 m
d) Abutment cap :
Top of abutment Cap = 99.669 m
Bottom of Abutment cap = 98.869 m
Length of abutment Cap = 12.000 m
Thickness of abutment cap for rectangular section = 0.800 m
Width of abutment cap at top (including dirt wall part) = 1.220 m
Width of abutment cap at bottom = 1.220 m
abutment shaft :
Total length of abutment shaft = 12.00 m
Thickness of abutment wall = 1.200 m
Height of abutment wall = 2.369 m
Height of frame at abutment location = 3.559 m
Dirt wall :
Thikcness of Dirt wall = 0.400 m
Height of Dirt wall = 2.256 m
Length of dirt wall = 12.000 m
Return wall :
Width of Return wall = (avg.) 0.400 m
Length of return wall = 3.500 m
Height of return wall = 5.050 m
Pile and pile cap :
Diameter of pile = 1.2 m
Thickness of pile cap = 1.800 m
Length of pile cap = 15.90 m
Width of pile cap = 5.10 m
Bottom of pile cap = 94.700 m
Top of pile Cap = 96.500 m
Top of pile = 94.850 m
Approach Slab :
Length of approach slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At mid-section)
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At edge)
d) Material Properties :
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Cement concrete Wearing Coat (on footpath)= M 30
3
Unit Weight of concrete = 25 KN/m
3
Unit Weight of Cement concrete Wearing Coat = 25 KN/m
3
Unit Weight of Bituminous concrete Wearing Coat = 22 KN/m
e) Soil property:-
3
Density of soil = 20.00 KN/m
Angle of Shearing resistance of backfill soil = 30o
Property of Backfill material behind Abutment and Return wall
o
f= 30.00
o
d= 20.00
o
a= 0.00
o
i= 0.00
3
g= 20.00 KN/m
LOAD CALCULATIONS
Permanent Load :
Self Weight/Dead Load
Dead Load from super-structure = 3500.0 KN

So, dead load in one abutment = 1750 KN
Self weight of dirt wall = ( 12 m x 2.256 m x 0.4 m x 25 )= 270.72 KN
Line of action of load from center of abutment = -0.42 m
Self weight of Abutment Cap = ( 12 m x 1.22 m x 0.8 m x 25 )= 292.800 KN
Self weight of abutment shaft = ( 12 m x 2.369 m x 1.2 m x 25 )= 852.84 KN
Self weight of pile cap = ( 15.9 m x 1.8 m x 5.1 m x 25 )= 3649.05 KN
Self weight of return wall = ( 2 x 3.5m x 0.4m x 5.05m x 25 )= 353.5 KN
Backfill Weight
Weight of backfill above the heel side of the abutment pile cap =
( 15.1mx1.95mx4.6mx20)= 2708.94 KN
Distance of center of load from abutment center = 1.575 m
Earth Pressure
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Static)
cos2(f-a) = 0.75
cos2a = 1.00
cos(d+a) = 0.94
cos(a-i) = 1.00
sin(f+d) = 0.77
sin(f-i) = 0.50
Ka = 0.279
Considering dirt wall
Height of Dirt wall = H = 2.256 m
2.256
0.948
12.59 KN/m2
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x2.256 = 12.59 KN/m
Total load on dirt wall = 170.40 KN
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 0.948 m…..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Moment at dirt wall base = 161.455 KN-m
Considering abutment wall :
Height of the abutment=Height of abutment wall+Dirt wall= 5.425 m
Length of abutment wall = 12.00 m
Height from pile cap bottom to deck level = 7.225 m
5.43
2.28
2
26.561 KN/m
Calculation of moment due to earth pressure :-

2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x5.425 = 30.272 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill earth = 985.34 KN (Considering abutment bottom)
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 2.279 m…..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Acting at a ht of = 2.279 m ( from base of abutment )
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x7.225 = 40.316 KN/m2
Horizontal force due to backfill earth = 1747.68 KN (Considering pile cap bottom)
Acting at a ht of = 0.42 m of total height = 3.03 m ( from bottom of pile cap level )
Total moment at the base of abutment due to earth pressure = 2245.091 KN-m
Total moment at the base of pile cap due to earth pressure = 5303.3256 KN-m
Variable gravity loads treated as permanent loads
Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)
Live load on Footpath = 244.26 kN 274.35

Wt. of Inner Kerb = 55.89 kN 62.775
Wt. of Railing = 49.68 kN
Wt. of Outer Kerb = 204.93 kN
Utility Portion = 66.24 kN
TOTAL SIDL LOAD = 621 kN
Super Imposed Dead Load acting on abutment = 311 kN
Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Surfacing or loading on abutment due to cement concrete wearing coat = (18.6m x 7.5m x 0.075m x 22) KN
(For carriageway) = 115.09 KN
So,on one abutment total surfacing load or load due to wearing coat = 115.09 KN
Vehicular Live Load
Carriageway Live load

(I) 3 lanes of Class-A
(II) 2 lane of 70R Tracked
(III) 2 lane of 70R Wheel
1 Type of Loading = Class A train of vehicle.
A) One Span Loaded
Span, Le = 18 m Case - 1: One Lane / one span loaded.
Lc = 0.28 m Minimum Clearence = 150 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of ground contact (In transverse direction) = 500 mm
Impact Factor = 1.188 Width of Footpath with crush barrier & kerb = 2250 mm
Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
114 114 68 68 68 68
1.2 4.3 3 3 3 3.78
0.280 18 0.280
Rb Ra
2.65 1.8
6 eT 6
Maximum Reaction = Rb = 414.7 kN

And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 2.45 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0m
Case - 2: Two Lane / One span loaded.

Minimum clearence = 1200 mm between two outer edges of vehicle.
CG of Load
0.95
2.25 0.4 1.2 0.35
1.8 1.45
6 6
456
Maximum Reaction = 829.4 kN
2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked

A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70R Tracked + Class A
Span, Le = 18 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 0.28 m Width of ground contact = 840 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of footpath with kerb & crash barrier = 2250 mm
Impact factor = 1.100 Width of carriageway = 7.50 m
700/4.57 = 153.17 kN/m

4.57
0.28 18 0.28
Rb Ra
70R Tracked Loading 1.11
350 350
2.25 1.2 1.2

0.84 0.84
6 6
700
Maximum Reaction for 70R Tracked = Rb = 696.5 kN
Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 696.5 kN
3 Type of Loading = IRC 70 R Wheel

A) One Span Loaded
Case - 1: 70 R Wheel + Class A
Span, Le = 18 m Minimum Clearence = 1200 mm
Lc = 0.28 m Width of ground contact = 860 mm
Expansion gap = 0.04 m Width of footpath with kerb & crash barrier = 2250 mm
Impact factor = 1.188 Width of carriageway = 7.5 m
170 170 170 170 120 120 80

1.37 3.05 1.37 2.13 1.52 3.96 4.88
0.28 18 0.28
Rb Ra
Maximum reaction = Rb = 868.31 kN
Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 868.31 kN
max longitudinal eccentricity = eL = 0.00 m
70R Wheeled Loading

170 170
2.25 1.2 0.86 0.86

1.07
6 6
340
max transverse eccentricity = eT = 1.16 m
Vehicular live load

Detail analysis of vehicular live loads are done in previous pier analysis sheets
Load cases considered for abutment are tabulated bellow :
Load due to
Load due to RA eL eT ML MT
CASE additional
main wheel (kN) (m) (m) (kN-m) (kN-m)
wheel
CLASS A
1000 0 829.38 0 0.950 0 787.913
TWO LANE SINGLE SPAN
700 0 696.483 0 1.110 0 773.097

70R TRACKED
70R WHEELED 1000 0 868.309 0 1.155 0 1002.897
Longitudinal Forces
Calculation of Braking Forces ……. (Ref. cl. 211 of IRC 6-2017, page-37)
Case - I Case - III Case - V

Braking force line of action
1.2m Class A -
TWO lane / 70R Wh.
one span 70R Tr. one Load one
loaded span loaded span loaded
a Total Load kN = 500 700 1000
b Braking force Fh kN = 100 140 200
c Braking force at Abutment side Fh kN = 100.00 140.00 200.00
d Breaking forces at bearing level μ(Rg + Rq) kN = 90.149 86.162 91.317
e ThickNess of wearing coat m = 0.075 0.075 0.075
f Ht. of Braking force act above bearing m = 3.066 3.066 3.066
g Moment at bearing level kN-m = 306.60 429.24 613.20
h Reaction as push/pull (+/-) kN = 16.484 23.077 32.968
i For moment at Abt. base, lever arm m = 3.559 3.559 3.559
j Longitudinal moment at Abt. base due to bearing force kN-m = 201.00 192.02 205.02
Calculation of Bearing Forces:
Bearing type- one side is fixed.

As per IRC 6-2017 Clause-211.5.1 μ= 0.03
Beaing Forces in Abutment Cap = Case-I μ(Rg + Rq) = 90.15 86.16 91.32
or
Case-I μ(Rg + Rq) = 90.15 86.16 91.32
Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :
Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

2
Equivalent to 1.2 m height of soil = 6.70 KN/m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC 6-2017,page-37)
Considering dirt wall :

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 15.106 KN
Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

load surcharge = 204.477 KN-m
2.256
1.128
2
6.70 KN/m
Considering Abutment Shaft

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 435.910 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 580.543 KN (For pile cap base)
Moment at base of abutment wall due to live
Moment at base of pile cap due to live
5.425 load surcharge = 2097.212 KN-m
2.713
6.70 KN/m2
Wind load calculation:
(As per IRC 6-2017, clause 209, page-33)
pz = 463.7 N/m2 (From IRC:6-2014, table 5, for 33m/s basic wind speed)
Basic wind speed at bridge location = 50 m/s
Actual hourly mean wind pressure = 1.06 KN/m2
Wind force = Area x pz x G x ( CD or CL )
= Area x pz'
= Area x 4.152 KN/m2 for super-structure
Where G = 2.00
CD = 1.95 for super-structure (from table 5, IRC:6-2014, page-33)
1.3 for abutment shaft
CL = 0.75 (Lift co-efficient)
Wind load as per clause 209, IRC 6-2017
a Wind Force on superstructure:
i. Transverse wind force (FT) :
Solid area (A1) = Exposed area in Transverse direction = 34.7076 m2
FT = 144.092 kN
ii. Longitudinal wind force (FL) :
FL = 25% of transverse wind force = 36.02 kN
iii. Vertical wind load (FV) :
Plan area (A3) = 223.2 m2
Lift Coefficient (CL) = 0.75
FV = 167 kN
b Wind force on live load:
as per clause 209.3.7 of IRC: 6, 2014, bridge shall not be
considered to carry any live load if the basic wind velocity exceeds 36m/sec.
c Wind force on Substructure:
Abutment Cap Velocity Of Wind
i. Transverse wind force: Position Direction vert. comp. Hortz. Comp.
Exposed area = 0.98 m2 kN kN
Super
Transverse wind force = 2.7 kN structure Transverse 167.40 144.09
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force: Longitudinal 36.02
Exposed area = 9.6 m2
ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS
Seismic Hazards
Seismic Zone of bridge location = V

Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (Table 7, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Seismic importance factor of the structure I = 1.2 (Table 8, IRC:6-2014, page-55)
Average response acceleration co-efficient (Sa/g) 2.5 (Clause 219.5.1, IRC:6-2014, page-54)
Horizontal seismic co-efficient Ah
= (Z/2)X (I)X(Sa/g)/R = 0.540 /R
Where R is response reduction factor to be considered
Is ductile detailing to be done ? Yes
Value of R for sub-structure = 3
Hence horizontal seismic co-efficient (Ah) for sub-structure = 0.18
Horizontal seismic force, Feq = Ah.(Dead Load+Appropriate Live Load)
Seismic force due to dead load

(Inertia loads due to self-mass generated in bridge structure by ground acceleration)
A. Seismic on Superstructure:
Seismic forces in super-structure and SIDL without surfacing is done in previous pier calculation sheets
Dead Load from super-structure and SIDL without surfacing = = 2061 KN
C.G. Distance of Girder Section (with Deck) from Bottom of Girder = 1.830 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.18
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah x (Total Dead Load)= 370.89 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support Fh/2 = 185.45 KN ………r1
Acting at RL = 101.889 m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.830 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 339.36 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 18.245 KN
Lever arm for moment at abutment base = 5.389 m
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 999.363 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction = Fh/2 = 185.45 KN ………..r2
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 999.36 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 123.630 KN …r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = 278.1675 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = 278.1675 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = 234.897 KN
Design longitudinal moment at Abutment base= Mz + 0.3Mx = 1299.17204 KN-m
Design transeverse moment at Abutment base = 0.3Mz+ Mx = 1299.17204 KN-m
Design longitudinal moment at bottom of pile-cap= Mz + 0.3Mx = 1733.11 KN-m
Design transverse moment at bottom of pile-cap=0.3 Mz + Mx = 1733.11 KN-m
B. Seismic on Sufacing:
Surfacing or load due to wearing coat = 115.088 KN
C.G. of wearing coat from girder bottom = 1.904 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.18
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah*(Total Dead Load) = 20.716 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support =Fh/2 = 10.358 KN ………r1
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.90 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 19.72 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 1.06 KN
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 56.58 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction taken by one support = 10.358 KN ………..r2
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 56.58 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 6.905 KN ……r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC 6-2017, page-47)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC 6-2017, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = 15.5368125 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = 15.5368125 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz+ 0.3Mx = 73.554 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz+ Mx = 73.55 KN-m
Design transverse moment at bottom of pile-cap= 0.3Mz + Mx = 97.79 KN-m
C. Seismic on Dirt wall :

CG of the dirt wall from top of pile cap = 3.497 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_dirt wall = 48.73 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL = 99.997 m RL
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base = 170.407 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_dirt wall = 48.73 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at Abutment base = 170.407 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
= 32.486 KN ………r3

Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1 ±0.3r2 ±0.3r3 = 73.0944 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1 ±r2 ±0.3r3 = 73.0944 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz + 0.3Mx = 221.530 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz + Mx = 221.530 KN-m
D. Seismic on Abutment Cap:

CG of the abutment cap from top of pile cap = 2.769 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_cap = 52.70 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment = = 145.937 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x A_cap = 52.70 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment = 145.937 KN-m ……..Mx
Vertical component of seismic force =(2/3)x Horizontal Force Component
(Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
= 35.136 KN ………r3
E. Seismic on Abutment Shaft:

CG of the abutment shaft from top of pile cap = 1.185 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x A_shaft = 153.51 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base = 181.83 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x A_cap = 153.51 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at Abutment base = 181.83 KN-m ……..Mx
= 102.341 KN ………r3

F. Seismic on Return Walls:

CG of the return walls from top of pile cap 2.525 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x R_walls 42.42 KN ……….r1
Acting at RL 99.025 m RL
Longitudinal moment at Abutment base 107.111 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x R_walls 42.42 KN ……….r2
Acting at RL 99.025 m RL
Transeverse moment at Abutment base 107.111 KN-m ……..Mx
= 28.280 KN ………r3

G. Seismic on Pile Cap :

CG of the pile cap from bottom of pile cap = = 0.900 m
Longitudinal seismic force = A_h x W_Pile cap = 656.83 KN ……….r1
Longitudinal moment at bottom of pile cap = 591.146 KN-m ……..Mz
Transverse seismic = A_h x W_Pile cap = 656.83 KN ……….r2
Transeverse moment at bottom of pile cap = 591.146 KN-m ……..Mx
= 437.886 KN ………r3
H. Seismic on carriageway live load …….(Clause 219.5.2, IRC:6-2014, page-55)

(Inertia loads due to mass of vehicular live load)
20% Reaction Ah Transverse Acting RL Lever arm Transver vertical

(KN) seismic force at (+1.20) at se force
Abutment moment compon
Live Load Case
base at ent
Abutme
sl. No. nt base
For Class-A Class A 70R
2 Two lane class A/ one span loaded 165.88 0.180 29.86 103.20 6.70 200.05 19.91
For IRC class 70R Tracked
5 Two lane 70R TR one span loaded 139.30 0.180 25.07 103.20 6.70 167.99 16.72
For IRC class 70R Wheeled
7 Two lane 70R Wh. one span loaded 173.66 0.180 31.26 103.20 6.70 209.44 20.84
I. Increased Earth Pressure due to Seismic
Calculation of Dynamic Earth Pressure Coefficient …..(Clause 8, IS:1893-1984, page-46)

Horizontal seismic force co-efficient = Ah = 0.18
Horizontal seismic force co-efficient = Av = 0.12
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Dynamic)
For +Av : For -Av :

1+Av = 1.120 1-Av = 0.880
l= tan-1{Ah/(1+Av)}= 9.1302 o
l = tan-1{Ah/(1-Av)} = 11.5601 o
cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8731 cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8999

cos(d+a+l) = 0.8735 cos(d+a+l) = 0.8521
cos(a-i) = 1.0000 cos(a-i) = 1.0000
cosl = 0.9873 cosl = 0.9797
cos2a = 1.0000 cos2a = 1.0000
sin(f+d) = 0.7660 sin(f+d) = 0.7660
sin(f-i-l) = 0.3562 sin(f-i-l) = 0.3163
Ca = 0.467 Ca = 0.404
Maximum of these two = 0.467 to be considered
Considering dirt wall portion

2.256
1.128
8.46 KN/m2
Dynamic increment :
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill = 8.46 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill soil = 114.51 KN
Acting at =2.256x.5 1.128 m
(Clause-8.1.1.2,IS:1893-1984,Page-47)
Bending moment increment for dynamic condition= 1550.07 KNm

5.425
2.71
11.760 KN/m2
Dynamic increment
2
Earth pressure at abutment base due to backfill = 20.35 KN/m
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 662.39 KN (For abutment shaft)
Acting at a ht. of = 2.71 m ( from base of abutment )
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 1057.25 KN (from bottom of pile cap)
Acting at a ht. of = 3.61 m ( from bottom of pile cap level )
Total moment increment at the base of abutment due to Earth pressure = 1796.74 KN-m
Total moment increment at the base of pile cap due to Earth pressure = 3819.33 KN-m
Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :
Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

2
Equivalent to 1.2 m height of soil = 4.5 KN/m …..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Considering dirt wall :

Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 121.824 KN
Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

2.256
1.128
2
4.50 KN/m
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 292.950 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 390.150 KN (For pile cap bnase)
Moment at base of abutment wall due to live
Moment at base of pile cap due to live
5.425
2.713
4.50 KN/m2
J. Effects of liquefaction of soils :
Incorporating the reccomendtations on effect of liquefaction of soil (if any), strength
of piles are determined and considered during design of piles.
Load combination at abutment base:-
SL
LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
NO
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 1750
ii Self weight of dirt wall 270.72 -0.42 -113.702
iii Self weight of abutment cap 292.80 -0.01 -2.928
iv Self weight of abutment wall 852.84 0.00 0.000
v Self weight of return wall 353.5 -2.35 -830.725
vi Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 985.34 2.28 2245.091
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 311
ii Surfacing 115.088
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-3 LANE 1SPAN 829.4 0.00 787.91
iii 70R TRACKED & CLASS A-3LANE 1 SPAN 696.5 0.00 773.10
v 70R WHEELED & CLASS A-3 LANE 1 SPAN 868.3 0.00 1002.90
i Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
i CLASS A-3 LANE 1SPAN 16.5 190.15 3.559 676.74
iii 70R TRACKED & CLASS A-3LANE 1 SPAN 23.1 226.16 3.559 804.91
v 70R WHEELED & CLASS A-3 LANE 1 SPAN 33.0 291.32 3.559 1036.80
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 435.91 1.13 491.71
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 234.90 278.17 278.17 1299.17 1299.17
b) Surfacing 13.12 15.54 15.54 15.54 15.54
c) on dirt wall 61.72 73.09 73.09 221.53 221.53
d) on abutment cap 66.76 79.06 79.06 189.72 189.72
e) on abutment wall 194.45 230.27 230.27 236.38 236.38
f) on return wall 53.73 63.63 63.63 139.24 139.24
vertical push-pull due to seismic at sup. 15.57
Seismic forces for Live Load
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 167.40 36.02 144.09 4.57 658.07
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 662.39 2.71 1796.74
Increased surcharge earth pressure due to seismic 292.950 2.713 794.63
Load combination at Bottom of Pile Cap level (For pile) :-
SL
LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
NO
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 1750.00
ii Self weight of dirt wall 270.72 -113.702
iii Self weight of abutment cap 292.80 -2.93
iv Self weight of abutment wall 852.84 0.00
v Self weight of return wall 353.5 -830.73
vi Self weight of pile cap 3649.1
vii Back Fill weight on pile cap 2708.9 -3594.36
viii Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 1747.68 3.03 5303.33
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 310.500
ii Surfacing 115.088
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-3 LANE 1SPAN 698.13 0.00 663.23
iii 70R TRACKED & CLASS A-3LANE 1 SPAN 633.17 0.00 702.82
v 70R WHEELED & CLASS A-3 LANE 1 SPAN 730.90 0.00 844.19
Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 580.54 3.61 2097.21
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 234.90 278.17 278.17 1733.11 1733.11
b) Surfacing 13.12 15.54 15.54 97.79 97.79
c) on dirt wall 61.72 73.09 73.09 335.56 335.56
d) on abutment cap 66.76 79.06 79.06 313.05 313.05
e) on abutment wall 194.45 230.27 230.27 595.60 595.60
f) on return wall 53.73 63.63 63.63 238.51 238.51
g) on pile cap 831.98 985.24 985.24 768.49 768.49
vertical push-pull due to seismic at sup. 19.46
Seismic forces for Live Load
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 167.40 36.02 144.09 6.37 917.43
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 1057.255 3.61 3819.33
Increased surcharge earth pressure seismic 390.150 3.61 1409.42
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 3519.86 -947.36 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 310.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 115.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 829.38 0.00 787.91 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 696.48 0.00 773.10 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 868.31 0.00 1002.90 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(3L/1S) LL1 16.48 676.74 0.00 190.15 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 23.08 804.91 0.00 226.16 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 32.97 1036.80 0.00 291.32 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 2245.09 0.00 985.34 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 491.71 0.00 435.91 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 624.68 2101.58 2101.58 739.75 739.75
Seismic Class A(3L/1S) LL1 19.91 0.00 200.05 0.00 29.86
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 16.72 0.00 167.99 0.00 25.07
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 20.84 0.00 209.44 0.00 31.26
Wind load 167.40 0.00 658.07 36.02 144.09
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 1796.74 0.00 662.39 0.00
Increased EP surch. due to Sis. 0.00 794.63 0.00 292.95 0.00
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.50 LL 1.50
Braking LL 1.15 Braking LL 1.15
EP 1.50 EP 1.50
EP LL surcharge 1.20 EP LL surcharge 1.20
WL 1.50
SEISMIC CASE
A C
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL S+EP S+EP LL S DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1.00
LL 0 EP 1.00
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.00
EP 1 EP seis 1.00
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu

1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 6635.42 3457.01 1181.87 2219.77 0.00
NON SEISMIC

4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 6886.52 3457.01 2168.97 2273.80 216.14
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 6384.32 3457.01 194.77 2165.73 -216.14
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S4593.33 6224.38 2301.63 2805.64 769.61
SEISMIC
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 4570.13 5196.06 2101.58 2387.48 739.75
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Servicibility Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 3519.86 -947.36 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 310.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 115.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 829.38 0.00 787.91 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 696.48 0.00 773.10 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 868.31 0.00 1002.90 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 23.08 804.91 0.00 226.16 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 32.97 1036.80 0.00 291.32 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 2245.09 0.00 985.34 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 16.72 0.00 167.99 0.00 25.07
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 20.84 0.00 209.44 0.00 31.26
Wind load 167.40 0.00 658.07 36.02 144.09
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1.00 SIDL 1.00
LL 1.00 LL 1.00
EP 1.00 EP 1.00
WL 1.00
SEISMIC CASE
A C
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1.00
LL 0 EP 1.00
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.00
EP 1 EP seis 1.00
EP LL surcharge
10006.54 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
Vu MLu MTu HLu Htu

NON SEISMIC

ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN
Total Ultimate Loads (Loads in KN, moments in KN-m)

Load Case Vu MLu MTu
12 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 4597.56 6296.4 2311.02
6 Maximum vertical load case 6963.87 3871.1 2491.4
11 Minimum vertical load case 4591.46 6250.0 2269.6
13 Unloaded case 4570.13 5196.1 2101.58
Section is checked at abutment base
Length of abutment = 12.000 m

Abutment stem thickness at bottom = 1.2 m
2
Area of section = 14.40 m
Grade of concrete : M 30
Ecm of concrete = 31000 N/mm2 (From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Es of steel = 200000 N/mm2 (From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 32)
Design compressive strength of concrete = sc = fcd = afck/gm = 13.400 N/mm2

(From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 49)
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 N/mm2
Checking as wall:
Ref. Cl-7.6.4.1, IRC-112:2011
0.1.fcd.Ac= 19296 kN
Maximum Design verical Load= 6963.87 kN
The section is to be designed for pure bending element also.
Checking for pure Bending:
Design moment = 6296.39 KN-m
Width of section = 12.00 m
Depth of section = 1.2 m
Concrete failure strain = εcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = εc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418
Total reinforcement provided = 39741 mm2

Clear cover = 75 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1112.5 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87fyAst )/(0.36fckb )= 133.39 mm
Actual strain in steel = 0.029 mm
Stress in steel = 434.783 Mpa
Balanced Neutral Axis depth xu,max = 507.3 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, ok, proceed
CG of compressive force = 55.490 mm from most compressed surface
Moment of resistance, Mu =0.87*fy*Ast*(d-0.416*xu) =
18272.72 kN-m OK
Slenderness criteria check:
Clear height of Abutment shaft = 2.369 m (upto abutment cap top)
Effective length, l e = 1.3l 0 = 3.0797 m (Table 11.1, case-4, IRC:112-2011, page-114)
Now thickness of the wall, t = 1.2 m

Ratio of effective length to its thickness, l e /t = 2.566
As the ratio does not exceed 12, it is short and no secondary effect to be considered
(clause 7.6.4, IRC:112-2011, page-57)
1 Analysis of section longitudinal direction : ( Check for load combination case 3 )

2
Provide 25 mm dia. Bar 81 nos 39740.625 mm
2
+ 16 mm dia. Bar 81 nos 16277.76 mm
2
and 25 mm dia. Bar 9 nos 4415.625 mm
2
+ 25 mm dia. Bar 8 nos 3925 mm
Effective cover = 87.5 mm
The section is divided into 8 segments. Depth of each = 150 mm
2
Area of reinforcement in segment 1 = 40721.875 mm
2
Area of steel in segment 2 to 7 981.25 mm
2
Area of steel in segment 8 40721.875 mm
2
total area of steel = 56018.385 mm
% of steel = 0.39
P / fck = 0.013 section about longituidinal (xx) axis -
Pu / fck x b x d = 0.02 d' / D = 0.073 ~ 0.10
2
so, Mu / fck x b x d = 0.030 fy = 500
so, Mux1 = 15552 kN-m use chart no. 36
section about transverse (yy) axis -

Pu / fck x b x d = 0.02 d' / D = 0.007 ~ 0.05
2
so, Mu / fck x b x d = 0.03 fy = 500
so, Muy1 = 155520 kN-m use chart no. 35
Interaction check
(MEdx/MRdx)â+(MEdy/MRdy)â<= 1 (Eq. 8.3, IRC:112-2011,page-75)

6 = L/C - 12 L/C - 6 L/C - 13 L/C - 11
MEdx = Design moment in longitudinal direction = KN-m 6296.39 3871.1 5196.1 6250.0
MEdy = Design moment in transeverse direction = KN-m 2311.02 2491.44 2101.58 2269.58
MRdx = Resisting moment in longitudinal direction = KN-m 15552.00 15552.00 15552.00 15552.00
MRdy = Resisting moment in transeverse direction = KN-m 155520.0 155520.0 155520.0 155520.0
NEd = Design axial force = KN 4597.56 6963.87 4570.13 4591.46
NRd = Design axial resistance = KN 216565.2 216565.17 216565.17 216565.17
NEd/NRd = 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Type of cross section of abutment = Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular Rectangular
a= 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
(MEdx/MRdx)â+(MEdy/MRdy)â = 0.42 0.26 0.35 0.42
Check = OK OK OK OK
ABUTMENT SHAFT DESIGN (SLS)
Load Case Vu MLu MTu

3 Maximum longitudinal Moment case 4846.72444 2826.2 1002.8971
6 Maximum vertical load case 5014.12 2826.2386 1660.9631
8 Minimum vertical load case 4497.61 2594.3527 115.03054
Stress level check:
Grade of concrete = M 30
Width of section considered = 1m
Section is checked for SLS

Design moment = 235.52 KN-m (for 1m width)
Width of section = 1m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 31000 Mpa
Modular ratio in tension = 9.3
Concrete failure strain = 0.0035
Maximum allowable stress in concrete = 0.48fck = 14.4 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
Maximum allowable stress in steel = 0.8fyk = 400 Mpa
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
2
Total reinforcement provided = 3319 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 234.00 mm
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force)
So, stress in steel = 68.6 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
Total force = 227.7 KN
Stress in concrete = 1.9 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
Crack width check:
Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

sm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
cm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.
Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 68.59 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.4516
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.5 Mpa
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
Where, A = level of steel centroid
B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
So, hc.eff = 218.75 mm

2
Ac.eff = 218750 mm
Now. rr.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.0151737
kt = factor dependant on duration of the load may be taken as 0.5
Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,
Where, f = diameter of bar = 25 mm c = clear cover = 75 mm

k1 = co-efficient taking acount of bond properties of reinforcement = 0.8
k2 = coefficient taking account of distribution of strain = 0.5
So,Sr.max = 535.091 mm
And, sm-cm = -0.0001093
Minimum value of sm - cm = 0.0002058
So, governing value of sm - cm = 0.000205769
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) = 0.110 mm

Maximum crack width = 0.3 mm (Table 12.1, IRC:112-2011, page-122)
crack width within permissible limit
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP BASE (Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 9877.85 -4541.72 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 310.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 115.0875 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 698.13 0.00 663.23 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 633.17 0.00 702.82 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 730.90 0.00 844.19 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 23.08 1212.00 0.00 226.16 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 32.97 1561.17 0.00 291.32 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 5303.33 0.00 1747.68 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 16.72 0.00 213.12 0.00 25.07
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 20.84 0.00 265.70 0.00 31.26
Wind load 167.40 0.00 917.43 36.02 144.09
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
LL 1.5 LL 1.5
EP 1.5 EP 1.5
WL 1.5
SEISMIC CASE
A C
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1
LL 0 EP 1
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1
EP 1 EP seis 1
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
V ML MT HL HT
N 2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 14931.96 5734.13 1054.22 3578.25 0.00
O
N
S 5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 15183.06 5734.13 2430.37 3632.29 216.14
E 6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL+WL 15341.04 6135.67 2642.43 3707.22 216.14
I
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 14770.73 5512.18 -381.31 3482.80 -216.14
S
M 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 14680.86 5734.13 -321.92 3524.22 -216.14
I 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL-WL 14838.84 6135.67 -109.86 3599.15 -216.14
C 10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S 11783.30 10695.71 4335.90 5074.22 1754.85
11 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL3 S+EP S+EP LL S 11781.43 10734.30 4295.23 5081.42 1750.07
12 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL5 S+EP S+EP LL S 11787.53 10804.14 4347.81 5094.45 1756.25
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 11760.10 8663.04 4082.10 4529.93 1725.00
CHECK FOR PILE CAPACITY
Diameter of pile = 1.2 m

C/C of pile along longitudinal direction = 3.6 m
C/C of pile along transeverse direction = 3.6 m
No. of piles along longitudinal direction = 2 nos.
No. of piles along transeverse direction = 5 nos.
Pile cap dimension in longitudinal direction = 5.1 m as per requirement of pile no.
Abutment dimension in longitudinal direction = 1.2 m as per requirement abutment
dist. Betwn. c/c of Pile in longitudinal direction = 3.6 m
Final Pile cap dimension in longitudinal direction = 5.1 m
Pile cap dimension in transeverse direction = 15.9 m as per requirement of pile no.
Abutment dimension in transeverse direction = 12.00 m as per requirement abutment
dist. Betwn. c/c of Pile in Transverse direction = 3.600 m
Final Pile cap dimension in Transverse direction = 15.90 m
Depth of pile cap = 1.8 m
Earth height above pile cap = 6.775 m
Clear cover = 0.075 m
Effective depth of pile cap = 1.713 m
15.90
3.60
5.1
Load combination for pile load (with unfactored load)

in KN
Load Case V ML MT HL HT
MLmax 1 11067.31 4419.99 844.19 2619.54 0.00
Normal Case
Vmax 2 11067.31 4419.99 844.19 2619.54 0.00
Unloaded
MLmax 3 10303.44 761.61 0.00 1747.68 0.00
Non seismic
Unloaded
MLmax 4 11760.10 8663.04 4082.10 4529.93 1725.00
seismic
MLmax 5 11234.71 4419.99 1761.62 2655.56 144.09 Considering
Vmax 6 11234.71 4419.99 1761.62 2655.56 144.09 Wind
MLmax 7 12518.43 12481.91 5192.00 5558.88 1756.25 Considering
Vmax 8 12518.43 12481.91 5192.00 5558.88 1756.25 Seismic
Check for pile capacity
TRAFFIC DIRECTION
Total no. of pile = 10
Pile No.Trans. Long.

xi yi A xi2 yi2 -1.8 7.2 1.8 7.2
10 1
1 1.80 7.20 3.24 51.84
2 1.80 3.60 3.24 12.96
3 1.80 0.00 3.24 0.00
4 1.80 -3.60 3.24 12.960
9 2
5 1.80 -7.20 3.24 51.84 -1.8 3.6 1.8 3.6
6 -1.80 -7.20 3.24 51.840
7 -1.80 -3.60 3.24 12.96
8 -1.80 0.00 3.24 0.000 8 3
9 -1.80 3.60 3.24 12.960 -1.8 0 1.8 0
10 -1.80 7.20 3.24 51.840 00
Total 32.4 259.20
-1.8 7 -3.6 1.8 4 -3.6

3
ZT1 = 36 M
3
ZT2 = 72 M
ZL = 18 M3 -1.8 6 -7.2 1.8 5 -7.2
Moment per unit load on pile at provided pile cap position = 3.5 KN-m/KN
Moment in
pile due to
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2 H/N
horizontal
force
1 1106.731 245.555 23.450 11.725 261.954 916.838

2 1106.731 245.555 23.450 11.725 261.954 916.838
3 1030.344 42.312 0.000 0.000 174.768 611.687
4 1176.010 481.280 113.392 56.696 484.725 1696.538
5 1123.471 245.555 48.934 24.467 265.947 930.813
6 1123.471 245.555 48.934 24.467 265.947 930.813
7 1251.843 693.439 144.222 72.111 582.972 2040.401
8 1251.843 693.439 144.222 72.111 582.972 2040.401
Vertical Loads on piles

Load Pile marks 1,5,6,10 Pile marks 2,4,7,9 Pile marks 3,8
Case Vmax Vmin Vmax Vmin Vmax Vmin
1 1375.735 837.726 1364.010 849.451 1352.285 861.176
2 1375.735 837.726 1364.010 849.451 1352.285 861.176
3 1072.655 988.032 1072.655 988.032 1072.655 988.032
4 1770.682 581.338 1713.986 638.034 1657.290 694.730
5 1417.959 828.982 1393.492 853.449 1369.025 877.916
6 1417.959 828.982 1393.492 853.449 1369.025 877.916
7 2089.505 414.182 2017.394 486.293 1945.283 558.404
8 2089.505 414.182 2017.394 486.293 1945.283 558.404
Now
Vmax = 2089.505 KN
Load Case = 7 (seismic)
Coresponding moment = 2040.4013 KN-M
Mmax = 2040.401 KN-M
Load Case = 7
Coresponding min. vertical load = 414.18186 KN
Maximum horizontal force = 261.954 KN
From geotechnical investigation report

For pile length 24.00 m
Vertical capacity = 3500 KN OK
Horizontal capacity = 470.00 KN OK
DESIGN OF PILE CAP BY BENDING ANALOGY (ULS)
SL NO. LOAD CASE Vu MLu MTu HLu HTu

12 MLmax 11787.53 10804.138 4347.807 5094.4487 1756.2541
6 Vmax 15341.039 6135.67 2642.43 3707.22 216.14
11 Vmin 11781.431 10734.30 4295.23 5081.42 1750.07
13 Unloaded 11760.10 8663.04 4082.10 4529.93 1725.00
No. of piles = 10
1.2 1.71250 0.23750

D 0.0875
B 0.75
1 T1
10
3.6
2 T2
9
MT 3 15.9
8
7 4
6 5
B
D
1.95
5.1
0.0875
1.8
1.2
Load Case
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2
12 1178.753 600.23 120.77 60.386
6 1534.104 340.87 73.40 36.700
11 1178.143 596.35 119.31 59.656
13 1176.010 481.28 113.39 56.696
Loads on piles(KN)
Moment
Load
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5 in each
Case
piles
12 1899.756 1839.369 1778.983 1718.597 1658.211 1886.037
6 1948.375 1911.675 1874.974 1838.274 1801.573 1299.729
11 1893.805 1834.149 1774.493 1714.837 1655.181 1881.020
13 1770.682 1713.986 1657.290 1600.594 1543.898 1696.538
Considering case 6
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment arm Moment
1 Pile 1 1948.375 1.2 2338.050
2 Pile 2 1911.675 1.2 2294.010
3 Pile 3 1874.974 1.2 2249.969
4 Pile 4 1838.274 1.2 2205.929
5 Pile 5 1801.573 1.2 2161.888
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -353.5 1.75 -618.625
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -2708.940 0.975 -2641.217
8 Self Wt. -1395.225 0.975 -1360.344
Total 6629.7
Design moment positive means tension at bottom of pile
Shear force at section D-D ("d" distance away from B-B) in KN

For Shear at
Sl. No. Force due to Total Force
D-D
1 Pile 1 1948.375 142.069
2 Pile 2 1911.675 139.393
3 Pile 3 1874.974 136.717
4 Pile 4 1838.274 134.041
5 Pile 5 1801.573 131.365
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -353.500 -25.776
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -2708.940 -197.527
8 Self Wt. -1395.225 -101.735
Total 358.5
Design of pile cap in flexure
Section is checked for ULS

Width of section = 1 m
Design compressive strength of concrete =
fcd=afck/gm = 13.40 Mpa Where, a = 0.67
gm = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 Mpa Where, gs = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Reinforcement provided: 25 mm dia.

100 mm c/c distance
2
Clear cover = 75 mm
So, Section is under reinforced, ok
Moment of resistance, Mu = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =
3477.663 kN-m OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN PILE CAP (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force = 22.550 KN
The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.342
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 4906 mm
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 1712.5 mm
r1 = 0.0029
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 520.95 KN
Now, VRd.c minimum = (nmin+0.15scp)bw.d
where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.263892
So, VRd.c minimum = 451.915 KN
So, governing shear resistance = 520.95 KN OK, Safe in shear
CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT

(Clause 10.4, IRC:112-2011, page-98)
a Basic Control
Perimeter u1
2d
b
Reduced
Control
Perimeter
Face of loaded Abutment
area Shaft
Punching shear is to be checked at distance "2d" from pier shaft face

Now from abutment shaft, Maximum Vertical design force, VEd = 6963.87 KN
Corresponding longitudinal design moment, MLu = 3871.07 KN-m
Longitudinal eccentricity, el = 0.556 m
Corresponding transeverse design moment, MTu = 2491.44 KN-m
Transeverse eccentricity, et = 0.358 m
As the basic control perimeter is exceeding the pile cap dimension, we will check the
punching shear at reduced control perimeter which is at inner face of piles
b
1.7125
a= 15.425 m Distance of reduced control perimeter from pier face = 1.7125 m

b= 4.625 m
Now,β = 1+1.8√((el/a)2+(et/b)2) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
= 1.154 moment and axial load acting on loaded area)
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 40.1 m
So, total load for punching shear = Load from abutment shaft+ Wt. within reduced control perimeter
VEd = 10174.194 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.171 Mpa
Punching shear check at face of abutment shaft
a= 12.00 m
b= 1.2 m
Now,β = 1+1.8√((el/a)2+(et/b)2) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
= 1.543 moment and axial load acting on loaded area)
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 26.400 m
So, total load for punching shear = Load from abutment shaft
VEd = 6963.87 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.238 Mpa
Calculation for punching shear resistance at reduced control perimeter
Maximum punching shear resistance, nRd.max = (1/2).n.fcd

where, n = 0.6[1-fck/310]
= 0.542 (Eq. 10.6, IRC:112-2011. page-90)
So, nRd.max = 3.631 Mpa
Again, Minimum punching shear resistance, nmin .2d/a=

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
a= distance from the face of column to control perimeter
= 1.7125 m
Minimum punching shear resistance = 0.528 Mpa
Now punching shear resistance, nRd = 0.12K(80rlf ck )1/3.2d/a

where, rl = √(rll.rlt) = 0.185
So, nRd = 2.455 Mpa
So, governing nRd = 2.455 Mpa OK safe in Punching Shear
Punching shear resistance at face
Punching shear resistance at face, nRd = 0.18/gcK(80rlf ck )1/3+(0.1scp)>=nmin+0.1scp

Here, scp = 0
So, nRd = 1.227
nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.264
So, governing shear resistance, nRd = 1.227 Mpa OK
Punching shear check for pile reaction
a
Reduced
control
Basic control perimeter
perimeter
2d
Reduced control perimeter for corner piles = ∏.(dia. of pile+a)/4+2.(radius of pile+0.150m)

So, u = 3.786 m
Reduced control perimeter for middle piles =∏.(dia. of pile+a)/2+2.(radius of pile+0.150m)
So, u = 6.073 m
Now, net reaction force, VEd.red = VEd-∆VEd

Here, ∆VEd = wt. of pile cap portion within control perimeter = 108.979 KN
Vertical
Reduced Control
Pile No. Force Shear stress Status
perimeter at distance a
VEd.red
1 1790.777 3.786 0.2762 OK
2 1730.390 6.073 0.1664 OK
Vertical Reduced Control

Pile No. Shear stress Status
Force perimeter at pile face
1 1899.756 2.826 0.3926 OK
2 1839.369 3.768 0.2851 OK
So, reinforcement to be provided in pile cap

25 mm dia. Bar @ 100 mm c/c as main bar
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP BASE (Servicibility Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 9877.85 -4541.72 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 310.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 115.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 698.13 0.00 663.23 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 633.17 0.00 702.82 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 730.90 0.00 844.19 0.00 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 23.08 1212.00 0.00 226.16 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 32.97 1561.17 0.00 291.32 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 5303.33 0.00 1747.68 0.00
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 16.72 0.00 213.12 0.00 25.07
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 20.84 0.00 265.70 0.00 31.26
Wind load 167.40 0.00 917.43 36.02 144.09
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1
LL 0.75 LL 0.75
EP 1 EP 1
EP LL surcharge 1 EP LL surcharge 1
WL 1
N
V ML MT HL HT
O 1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 10830.33 3062.62 497.42 2366.25 0.00
N 2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 10782.93 3101.22 527.11 2373.45 0.00
S 4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 10997.73 3062.62 1414.85 2402.27 144.09
E
I
S
M 7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 10662.93 3062.62 -420.01 2330.23 -144.09
I 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 10615.53 3101.22 -390.32 2337.43 -144.09
C 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL-WL 10690.81 3171.05 -284.29 2350.46 -144.09
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP 10303.44 761.61 0.00 1747.68 0.00
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP
SL NO. LOAD CASE V (KN) ML (KN-m) MT (KN-m) HL (KN) HT(KN)

3 MLmax 10858.206 3171.054 633.1421 2386.484 0
6 Vmax 11025.606 3171.0535 1550.573 2422.506 144.0915
8 Vmin 10615.528 3101.2206 -390.3194 2337.43 -144.0915
10 Unloaded Case 10303.44 761.61 0.00 1747.68 0.00
No. of piles = 10
ML
1.2 1.7125 0.2375
0.75
10 1
3.6
9 2
15.9
MT
8 3
7 4
6 5
5.1
1.95
0.0875
1.8
1.2
Load Case
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2
3 1085.821 176.17 17.59 8.794
6 1102.561 176.17 43.07 21.536
8 1061.553 172.29 -10.84 -5.421
10 1030.344 42.31 0.00 0.000
Vertical Loads on piles (KN)
Load Case Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5

1 1279.578 1270.784 1261.990 1253.197 1244.403
6 1321.802 1300.266 1278.730 1257.195 1235.659
8 1223.001 1228.422 1233.843 1239.264 1244.685
10 1072.655 1072.655 1072.655 1072.655 1072.655
Considering case 6
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Moment
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment
arm
1 Pile 1 1321.802 1.2 1586.162
2 Pile 2 1300.266 1.2 1560.319
3 Pile 3 1278.730 1.2 1534.476
4 Pile 4 1257.195 1.2 1508.633
5 Pile 5 1244.685 1.2 1493.622
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -353.500 1.750 -618.625
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -2708.940 0.975 -2641.217
8 Self Wt. -1395.225 0.975 -1360.344
Total 3063.0
Design moment positive means tension at bottom of pile
Shear force at section D-D ("d" distance away from B-B) in KN

Total For Shear
Sl. No. Force due to
Force at D-D
1 Pile 1 1321.802 96.381
2 Pile 2 1300.266 94.811
3 Pile 3 1278.730 93.241
4 Pile 4 1257.195 91.670
5 Pile 5 1244.685 90.758
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -353.500 -25.776
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -2708.940 -197.527
6 Self Wt. -1395.225 -101.735
Total 141.8
Stress level check:
Section is checked for SLS

Width of section = 1m
(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)
2
Netral axis depth = x = 294.26
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =

Crack width check:

Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

ae = Es/Ecm = 6.452
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
x Where, A = level of steel centroid

2=0
h
d 1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
hc.eff
1
B

2
Ac.eff = 218750 mm

And, sm-cm = -0.000197
Minimum value of sm - cm = 7.296E-05
So, governing value of sm - cm = 7.296E-05
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(sm-cm) = 0.032 mm

Crack width within permissible limit
DESIGN OF PILES
Diameter of piles, D = 1200 mm

2
fck of concrete = 35 N/mm
2
fy of steel = 500 N/mm
Clear cover to the reinforcement = 75 mm
Loads on piles
Load Case Moment
From in each
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4 Pile 5
Load piles (KN-
Comb m)
12 1899.756 1839.369 1778.983 1718.597 1658.211 1886.037
6 1948.375 1911.675 1874.974 1838.274 1801.573 1299.729
11 1893.805 1834.149 1774.493 1714.837 1655.181 1881.02
13 1770.682 1713.986 1657.29 1600.594 1543.898 1696.538
d'
1st layer Diameter of bars provided = 25 mm

No. of bars provided = 24 Nos.
Percentage of steel, p = 1.042
So, p/fck = 0.0298
d'/D = 0.0729
Now for case 6, Pile 1
Pu/fck.D2 = 0.0387
From SP 16, chart 60, we get,

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.04
So, Mu1 = 2419.2 KN-m
Now, Mu/Mu1 = 0.537 SAFE
Now for case 12, Pile 3

Pu/fck.D2 = 0.0372
From SP 16, chart 60, we get,

Mu1/fckD3 = 0.05
So, Mu1 = 3024 KN-m
Now, Mu/Mu1 = 0.430 SAFE
Continue bars upto end of pile
Provide distribution reinforcement 8 mm dia.
@ 150 mm c/c
RETURN WALL DESIGN
Height of return wall = 5.05 m

Length of return wall = 3.50 m
Coefficient of horizontal active earth pressure = 0.279
Earth pressure at bottom of wall = 28.179 KN/m2
Eart pressure at 1m above wall bottom = 22.599 KN/m2
Average eatrh pressure in 1m strip = 25.389 KN/m
Surcharge earth pressure equivalent to earth pressure of 1.2 m height = 6.696 KN/m2
Bending moment at wall junction due to earth pressure, M1 = 155.508 KN-m
Bending moment at wall junction due to surcharge earth pressure, M2 = 41.013 KN-m
Design moment at junction, Mu = 1.5M1+1.2M2 = 282.477 KN-m
Design shear force at junction, Fu = 1.5F1+1.2F2 = 161.415 KN
Design of return wall in flexure
3.50
0.5 m

gm = 1.5
Concrete failure strain = cu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = c2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)

125 mm c/c distance
Clear cover = 50 mm
634.373 OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN RETURN WALL (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force = 161.415 KN
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.676
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 3925 mm
d= 437.5 mm
r1 = 0.0090
scp = 0

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.368
Serviceability Limit State check
For serviceability limit state, design momeny = M1+0.8M2 = 188.318 KN-m

(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)

Crack width check:

Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)

ae = Es/Ecm = 6.25
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
x Where, A = level of steel centroid

2=0
d h 1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
hc.eff
1 B

2
Ac.eff = 156250 mm

And, Ôsm-Ôcm = 0.000311
Minimum value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.00036
So, governing value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.00036
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) = 0.122 mm

Design of dirt wall

Design moment (Non-Seismic) = 45.742 KN-m (for 1m width)
Design moment (Seismic) = 157.486 KN-m (for 1m width)
gm = 1.5
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)

100 mm c/c distance
Clear cover = 50 mm
Effective depth "d" = 344 mm
Actual Neutral Axis depth xu = (0.87f A
y st )/(0.36f ckb 45.53
)= mm
159.760 kN-m OK
CHECK FOR SHEAR IN RETURN WALL (Clause 10.3.2, IRC:112-2011, page-88)
Design Shear Force (Non-Seismic) = 23.188 KN (For 1m strip)

Design Shear Force (Seismic) = 34.146 KN (For 1m strip)
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.762
r1 = Asl/bw.d
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 1130 mm2
d= 344 mm
r1 = 0.0033
scp = 0

where nmin = 0.031K3/2fck1/2 = 0.397
Serviceability Limit State check
For serviceability limit state, design moment = 45.742 KN-m

(Clause 12.2.1(1), IRC:112-2011, page-120)
(Clause 12.2.2, IRC:112-2011, page-120)

Effective depth "d" = 344 mm

Crack width check:
Crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) Where, Sr.max = Maximum crack spacing

Ôsm = mean strain in the reinforcement under the relavant combination of loads
Ôcm = mean strain in the concrete between cracks.
Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.451613
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
2=0 x Where, A = level of steel centroid

h Ô1,Ô2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
d
hc.eff
1 B
So, hc.eff = 140 mm

Ac.eff = 140000 mm2
Now. ρρ.eff = As/Ac.eff = 0.008074
close (i.e <=5(c+φ/2)), the maximum crack spacing,

And, Ôsm-Ôcm = -0.00018
Minimum value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000381
So, governing value of Ôsm - Ôcm = 0.000381
So, crack width, Wk = Sr.max(Ôsm-Ôcm) = 0.161 mm

Summarized Reinforcement Detailing
(According to chapter 16, IRC:112-2011, page-171)
ABUTMENT SHAFT
Total vertical reinforcement provided = 5363 mm2

2
Concrete area, Ac = 1200000 mm
Now, 0.003Ac = 3600 mm2 < steel provided, OK Cl. 710.3.2, IRC:112-2011
and 0.04Ac = 48000 mm2 >steel provided, OK
Horizontal Reinforcement provide 16 mm dia. @

150 mm c/c.
Total horizontal reinforcement provided = 1340 mm2
2
and 0.001Ac = 1200 mm OK < steel provided, OK
Transverse reinforcement provided =

2
Now, 0.02Ac = 24000 mm
> steel provided,No transeverse reinforcement required
Vertical reinforcement provided =

25 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c.
Horizontal reinforcement provided =
16 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c.
PILE CAP
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 100 mm c/c
Steel in 1m strip = 4906 mm2
2
As.min =( 0.26fctm/fyk)btd= 2226.25 mm OK
2
or, 0.0013btd = 2226.25 mm OK
Distribution reinforcement provided at bottom and both direction at top
20 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
Provide surface reinforcement 16 mm dia. 6 Nos. each face
RETURN WALL
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 16 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
DIRT WALL
Provide main reinforcement 12 mm dia. 100 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 10 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
PILE
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 24 Nos. in layer 1
Continue all bars upto end of pile
Distribution reinforcement provided
8 mm dia. 150 mm c/c

819 Abutment Design

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819 Abutment Design

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INPUT DATA

4 SUBSTRUCTURE & FOUNDATION

Pile and pile cap :-

a) For Elastomeric Bearing

From IRC:6 (Page - 23,Clause - 211)

Coefficient of linear Thermal Expansion = 0.0000117 per degree centegrade

From IRC:5 (Page - 16,Clause -106.2.1)

Type of Bridge Importance Factor for Bridges

10 27.8 463.7 17.8 190.5

Height of the superstructure = 8.850 m ~ 10 m

Drag Coefficient = 1.95

So, movement of deck due to temperature variation = L.α.t 0.004 m

Dead Load from super-structure = 3500.0 KN

Calculation of moment due to earth pressure :-

Variable gravity loads treated as permanent loads

Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) (except surfacing)

Live load on Footpath = 244.26 kN 274.35

Surfacing and Wearing Coat

Vehicular Live Load

Carriageway Live load

Maximum Reaction = Rb = 414.7 kN

Case - 2: Two Lane / One span loaded.

2 Type of Loading = IRC class 70R Tracked

700/4.57 = 153.17 kN/m

2.25 1.2 1.2

3 Type of Loading = IRC 70 R Wheel

170 170 170 170 120 120 80

70R Wheeled Loading

2.25 1.2 0.86 0.86

Vehicular live load

Load cases considered for abutment are tabulated bellow :

700 0 696.483 0 1.110 0 773.097

Case - I Case - III Case - V

Calculation of Bearing Forces:

Bearing type- one side is fixed.

Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :

Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

Considering dirt wall :

Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

Considering Abutment Shaft

Seismic Zone of bridge location = V

Seismic force due to dead load

C. Seismic on Dirt wall :

Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-52)

D. Seismic on Abutment Cap:

E. Seismic on Abutment Shaft:

Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-52)

F. Seismic on Return Walls:

Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-52)

G. Seismic on Pile Cap :

H. Seismic on carriageway live load …….(Clause 219.5.2, IRC:6-2014, page-55)

20% Reaction Ah Transverse Acting RL Lever arm Transver vertical

I. Increased Earth Pressure due to Seismic

Calculation of Dynamic Earth Pressure Coefficient …..(Clause 8, IS:1893-1984, page-46)

For +Av : For -Av :

cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8731 cos2(f-a-l) = 0.8999

Considering dirt wall portion

Considering Abutment Shaft

Earthpressure surcharge effect due to live load :

Live load surcharge pressure is to be considered

Considering dirt wall :

Moment at base of dirt wall due to live

Load combination at abutment base:-