Introduction

1.Write short notes on smart textile

Ans.  Smart Textiles” are defined as textiles that can sense and react to environmental conditions or
stimuli, from mechanical, thermal, magnetic, chemical, electrical, or other sources. There are mainly 3
types of smart textiles:  Passive smart textiles  Active smart textiles  Ultrasmart textiles.

Passive smart textiles: The first generation of smart textiles, which can only sense the environmental
conditions or stimuli are called passive smart textiles. Examples:  Conductive fabrics

Active smart textiles: The second generation has both actuators and sensors. The actuators act upon the
detected signal either directly or from a central control unit. Examples: Phase change materials and
shape memory materials

Ultrasmart textiles: These smart textiles are the third generation of smart textiles, which can sense,
react, and adapt themselves to environmental conditions or stimuli. Examples:  Spacesuits  Smart shirt

2. Write about Shape memory material

Ans. SMMs can deform from the current shape to a previously set shape. When these SMMs are
activated (at a certain activation temperature), the air gaps between close layers of clothing are
increased. This is to give better insulation and protection against extremes of heat or cold. Shape
memory polymers have the capability of changing their shape in response to external stimuli, one of
them is temperature. Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers consist of two polymer components
and resulting two phases, one with a higher melting temperature than the other

3. Write About PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS

Ans.
AGROTEXTILE Agriculture, forestry, horticulture, floriculture and fishing
GROUND COVERS Rockeries, Borders, Paved areas

SUN SCREEN control sunshine and amount of shade required

BIRD PROTECTON NETS
PLANT NETS
WIND SHIELDS
ROOT BALL NETS:.
TURF PROTECTION NET
protect the seeds, crops and fruit against damage caused by birds
and a variety of pests.
Fruits, which grow close to the ground (tomato type of plant), can
be kept away from the damp soil
to reduce the velocity of the wind and protect fruit plantations
from wind to avoid damage to plants.
important for safe and speedy growing of young plants
put over the grassy areas on riverbanks

MULCH MAT Mulch mats are used to suppress weed growth in horticulture
applications
HARVESTING NET It is extremely helpful to those countries where labor charges are
costlier
PACKING MATERIALS FOR AGRO- Packing sacks for vegetables.  Tubular packing nets for fruits. 
GOODS Wrappers for Christmas trees

NETS FOR COVERING PALLETS: For safe transportation of fruits and vegetables

MOBILTECH Airbag,Carpet,Tire,Seatbelt,Seatcover,Sunroof

PROTECH (PROTECTIVE TEXTILES) Army tents, parachutes, Mountain safety ropes

CLOTHTECH Shoe laces, Interlinings , Zip fasteners , Velcro

BUILDTECH Architectural membranes, Hoardings & signage, Scaffolding nets

HOMETECH Fiberfill, Mattress and pillow components, Carpet backing cloth,

Nonwoven wipes
INDUTECH Conveyor belts , Drive belts, Cigarette filter rods , Ropes & cordages

GEOTECH Filtration, Separation, Drainage, Reinforcement

MEDITECH wound dressing, bandage, suture, artificial ligament,

OEKOTECH/ECHOTECH Filtration media, Erosion protection, Insulation

PACKTECH Polyolefin woven sacks,Leno bags,Wrapping fabric

SPORTS TEXTILE/SPORTTECH Sports-wear , Sports footwear , Artificial turfs, sleeping bags

SPECIAL FIBRES USED IN Hygra  Dacron (4-Channel Polyester)  COOLMAX fabric

SPORTSWEAR
SMARTTECH Conductive fabrics, Optical fiber embedded fabrics  UV Protective
clothing, Phase change materials and shape memory materials,
Chameleonic/Heat sensitive dyes, Phase change materials and
shape memory materials • Chameleonic/Heat sensitive dyes
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AN AIRBAG

Ans. Airbags inflate quickly, faster than the blink of an eye. In the first 15 to 20 milliseconds, air bag
sensors detect the crash and then send an electrical signal to fire the airbags. Typically a squib, which is
a small explosive device, ignites a propellant, usually sodium azide. The azide burns with tremendous
speed, generating nitrogen, which inflates the airbags. Within 45 to 55 milliseconds the airbag is
supposed to be fully inflated. Within 75 to 80 milliseconds, the airbag is deflated and the event is over

130 g of NaN3 produces 67 litres of N2.

2NaN3 → 2Na + 3N2

10Na + 2KNO3 → K2O + 5Na2O + N2

K2O + Na2O SiO2 → alkaline glass (safe, unignitable)