DAY FOUR

Quadratic
Equation and
Inequalities
Learning & Revision for the Day
u Quadratic Equation u Maximum and Minimum u Arithmetic-Geometric-
u Relation between Roots and Value of ax 2 + bx + c Harmonic Mean
Coefficients u Sign of Quadratic Expression Inequality
u Formation of an Equation u Position of Roots u Logarithm Inequality
u Transformation of Equations u Inequalities

Quadratic Equation
l
An equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, a, b and c, x ∈ R, is called a real
quadratic equation. Here a, b and c are called the coefficients of the equation.
l
The quantity D = b 2 – 4ac is known as the discriminant of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
−b ± D
and its roots are given by x =
2a
l
An equation of the form az2 + bz + c = 0, where a ≠ 0, a, b and c, z ∈C (complex) is called a
−b ± D
complex quadratic equation and its roots are given by z = .
2a

Nature of Roots of Quadratic Equation

Let a, b , c ∈ R and a ≠ 0, then the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
(i) has real and distinct roots if and only if D > 0.
(ii) has real and equal roots if and only if D = 0.
(iii) has complex roots with non-zero imaginary parts if and only if D < 0.
Some Important Results Formation of an Equation
(i) If p + iq (where, p, q ∈ R, q ≠ 0) is one root of
ax2 + bx + c = 0, then second root will be p − iq Quadratic Equation
(ii) If a, b , c ∈ Q and p + q is an irrational root of If the roots of a quadratic equation are α and β, then the
equation will be of the form x2 − (α + β) x + αβ = 0.
ax2 + bx + c = 0, then other root will be p − q .
(iii) If a, b , c ∈Q and D is a perfect square, Cubic Equation
then ax2 + bx + c = 0 has rational roots. If α , β and γ are the roots of the cubic equation, then the
equation will be form of
(iv) If a = 1, b , c ∈ I and roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are
x3 − (α + β + γ) x2 + (αβ + βγ + γα ) x − αβγ = 0.
rational numbers, then these roots must be integers.
(v) If the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are both positive, then
the signs of a and c should be like and opposite to the Transformation of Equations
sign of b. Let the given equation be
(vi) If the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are both negative, then a0 x n + a1 x n −1 + ... + an −1 x + an = 0 …(A)
signs of a, b and c should be like. Then, the equation
(vii) If the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are reciprocal to each (i) whose roots are k (≠ 0) times roots of the Eq. (A),
other, then c = a. x
is obtained by replacing x by in Eq. (A).
(viii) In the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a, b , c ∈ R), k
(ii) whose roots are the negatives of the roots of Eq. (A),
if a + b + c = 0, then the roots are 1, c and if is obtained by replacing x by − x in Eq. (A).
a
c (iii) whose roots are k more than the roots of Eq. (A),
a − b + c = 0, then the roots are −1 and − . is obtained by replacing x by ( x − k ) in Eq. (A).
a
(iv) whose roots are reciprocals of the roots of Eq. (A),
is obtained by replacing x by 1/x in Eq. (A) and then
Relation between Roots multiply both the sides by x n .
and Coefficients
Maximum and Minimum
Quadratic Roots
If α and β are the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0;
Value of ax2 + bx + c
b (i) When a > 0, then minimum value of ax2 + bx + c is
a ≠ 0, then sum of roots = α + β = −
a −D 4ac − b 2 −b
c or at x =
and product of roots = αβ = . 4a 4a 2a
a
And, also ax2 + bx + c = a( x − α )( x − β) (ii) When a < 0, then maximum value of ax2 + bx + c is
−D 4ac − b 2 −b
Cubic Roots or at x =
4a 4a 2a
If α , β and γ are the roots of cubic equation
b
ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0; a ≠ 0, then α + β + γ = −
c
a Sign of Quadratic Expression
βγ + γα + αβ = Let f ( x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and c ∈ R and a ≠ 0.
a
d (i) If a > 0 and D < 0, then f ( x) > 0, ∀x ∈ R.
and αβγ = −
a (ii) If a < 0 and D < 0, then f ( x) < 0, ∀x ∈ R.

Common Roots (Conditions) (iii) If a > 0 and D = 0, then f ( x) ≥ 0, ∀x ∈ R.

(iv) If a < 0 and D = 0, then f ( x) ≤ 0, ∀x ∈ R.
Suppose that the quadratic equations are ax2 + bx + c = 0 and
a′ x2 + b ′ x + c′ = 0. (v) If a > 0, D > 0 and f ( x) = 0 have two real roots α and
β, where (α < β), then f ( x) > 0, ∀ x ∈(− ∞, α ) ∪ (β, ∞) and
(i) When one root is common, then the condition is
f ( x) < 0, ∀ x ∈(α , β).
(a′ c − ac′ )2 = (bc′ − b ′ c)(ab ′ − a′ b ).
(vi) If a < 0, D > 0 and f ( x) = 0 have two real roots α and β,
(ii) When both roots are common, then the condition is
a b c where (α < β), then f ( x) < 0, ∀ x ∈ (−∞, α ) ∪ (β, ∞) and
= = . f ( x) > 0, ∀ x ∈(α , β).
a′ b ′ c′
Position of Roots Arithmetic-Geometric-
Let ax + bx + c = 0 has roots α and β. Then, we have the
2
Harmonic Mean Inequality
following conditions:
The Arithmetic-Geometric-Harmonic Mean of positive real
(i) with respect to one real number (k ). numbers is defined as follows
Situation Required conditions Arithmetic Mean ≥ Geometric Mean ≥ Harmonic Mean
α<β< k D ≥ 0, af (k ) > 0, k > − b / 2a a+b 2
(i) If a, b > 0 then ≥ ab ≥
k<α<β D ≥ 0, af (k ) > 0, k < − b /2a 2 1 1
+
a b
α< k<β D > 0, af (k ) < 0
(ii) If ai > 0 , where i = 1, 2, 3, K , n, then
(ii) with respect to two real numbers k1 and k2 .
a 1 + a 2 + ... + an n
Situation Required conditions ≥ (a1 ⋅ a2 ... an )1 / n ≥
n 1 1 1
+ + ... +
k1 < α < β < k2 D ≥ 0, af (k1 ) > 0, a1 a2 an
af (k2 ) > 0, k1 < − b /2a < k2
α < k1 < k2 < β D > 0, af (k1 ) < 0, af (k2 ) < 0
k1 < α < k2 < β D > 0, f (k1 ) f (k2 ) < 0
Logarithm Inequality
If a is a positive real number other than 1 and ax = m, then x
is called the logarithm of m to the base a, written as log a m. In
Inequalities log a m, m should always be positive.
Let a and b be two real numbers. If a − b is negative, we say (i) If m ≤ 0, then log a m will be meaningless.
that a is less than b ( a < b ) and if a − b is positive, then a is (ii) log a m exists, if m , a > 0 and a ≠ 1.
greater than b (a > b ). This shows the inequalities concept.

Important Results on Inequalities Important Results on Logarithm

(i) If a > b , then a ± c > b ± c, ∀ c ∈ R. (i) alog a x = x ; a > 0, ≠ 1, x > 0
=x ; a , b > 0, ≠ 1, x > 0
log b x log b a
(ii) If a > b , then (ii) a
a b (iii) log a a = 1, a > 0, ≠ 1
(a) for m > 0, am > bm, >
m m 1
a b (iv) log a x = ; x , a > 0, ≠ 1
(b) for m < 0, am < bm, < log x a
m m
(iii) (a) If a > b > 0 , then (v) log a x = log a b logb x =
logb x
; a, b > 0, ≠ 1, x > 0
1 1 logb a
•a >b
2 2
•| a| > |b | • <
a b
(b) If a < b < 0, then (vi) For x > 0; a > 0, ≠ 1
1 1 1
• a2 > b 2 • | a| > |b | • > (a) log an ( x) = log a x
a b n
(iv) If a < 0 < b , then  m
(b) log an x =   log a x
m

(a) a2 > b 2 , if| a| > |b | (b) a2 < b 2 , if| a| < |b |  n

(v) If a < x < b and a, b are positive real numbers, then
(vii) For x > y > 0
a2 < x2 < b 2 .
(vi) If a < x < b and a is negative number and b is positive (a) log a x > log a y, if a > 1
number, then (b) log a x < log a y, if 0 < a < 1
(a) 0 ≤ x2 < b 2 , if |b | >| a | (b) 0 ≤ x2 < a2 , if | a | >|b |
(viii) If a > 1 and x > 0, then
(vii) If ai > b i > 0 , where i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n, then
(a) log a x > p ⇒ x > a p
a1 a2 a3 ... an > b1b2b3 ... b n .
(b) 0 < log a x < p ⇒ 0 < x < a p
(viii) If ai > b i , where i = 1, 2, 3, ..., n, then
a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an > b1 + b2 + ... + b n . (ix) If 0 < a < 1 , then
(ix) If| x | < a, then (a) log a x > p ⇒ 0 < x < a p
(a) for a > 0, − a < x < a. (b) 0 < log a x < p ⇒ a p < x < 1
(b) for a < 0, x ∈ φ .
34 40 DAY ~ JEE MAIN MATHEMATICS DAY FOUR

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 1

FOUNDATION QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 If 3x 2 − 7x − 30 + 2x 2 − 7x − 5 = x + 5, then x is equal to 14 If P ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c and Q ( x ) = − ax 2 + dx + c = 0 ;
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 5 ac ≠ 0, then the equation P ( x ) ⋅ Q ( x ) = 0 has
(a) four real roots (b) exactly two real roots
2 The number of solutions for equation x 2 − 5 x + 6 = 0 is
(c) either two or four real roots (d) atmost two real roots
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1 1
15 The rational values of a in ax 2 + bx + 1 = 0 if is a
4+ 3
2
3 The roots of the equation 2x − 1 − 3 2x − 1 + 2 = 0 are root, are
(a) − , 0,  (b) − , 0,  (c) − , , 0,1 (d) − , 0,1, 
1 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 (a) a = 13, b = − 8 (b) a = − 13, b = 8
 2 2  2 2  2 2   2 2 (c) a = 13, b = 8 (d) a = − 13, b = − 8
4 The product of all the values of x satisfying the equation 16 If 1 − i , is a root of the equation x 2 + ax + b = 0, where
(5 + 2 6) x2 − 3
+ (5 − 2 6) x2 − 3
= 10 is a, b ∈ R , then the values of a and b are
(a) 1,−1 (b) 2,− 2
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 19
(c) 3 ,−3 (d) None of these
5 The root of the equation 2(1 + i )x − 4( 2 − i )x − 5 − 3i = 0,
2

where i = −1, which has greater modulus, is 17 The values of p for which one root of the equation
3 − 5i 5 − 3i 3+i 3i + 1 x 2 − 30x + p = 0 is the square of the other, is/are
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 (a) Only 125 (b) 125 and − 216
(c) 125 and 215 (d) Only 216
6 x + x + 1 + 2k ( x − x − 1) = 0 is perfect square for how
2 2
x −m x +n
many value of k 18 If the roots of the quadratic equation = are
mx + 1 nx + 1
(a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3
reciprocal to each other, then
7 If the roots of (a 2 + b 2 )x 2 − 2(bc + ad )x + c 2 + d 2 = 0 are
(a) n = 0 (b) m = n (c) m + n = 1 (d) m 2 + n 2 = 1
equal, then
a c a b a b 19 Let α and α 2 be the roots of x 2 + x + 1 = 0, then the
(a) = (b) + = 0 (c) = (d) a + b = c + d
b d c d d c equation whose roots are α 31 and α 62 , is
8 The least value of α for which tan θ and cot θ are roots of (a) x 2 − x + 1 = 0 (b) x 2 + x − 1 = 0
(c) x 2 + x + 1 = 0 (d) x 60 + x 30 + 1 = 0
the equation x 2 + ax + 1 = 0, is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1/2 (d) 0 20 If α and β are the roots of x 2 − a( x − 1) + b = 0, then the
1 1 2
9 If one root of the equation x 2 − λ x + 12 = 0 is even prime value of + + is
α 2 − aα β 2 − aβ a + b
while x 2 + λx + µ = 0 has equal roots, then µ is equal to
4 1
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 24 (d) 32 (a) (b) (c) 0 (d) −1
a+b a+b
10 If a + b + c = 0, then the roots of the equation
4ax 2 + 3bx + 2c = 0, where a , b, c ∈ R are 21 The value of a for which the sum of the squares of the
(a) real and distinct (b) imaginary roots of the equation x 2 − (a − 2)x − a − 1 = 0 assume the
(c) real and equal (d) infinite least value is j
AIEEE 2005
11 The equation (cos β − 1) x 2 + (cos β)x + sin β = 0 in the (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 1
variable x has real roots, then β lies in the interval 22 If α and β be the roots of the equation
(a) (0, 2 π) (b) (− π, 0)
π π
(c)  − ,  (d) (0, π)
2x 2 + 2(a + b )x + a 2 + b 2 = 0, then the equation whose
 2 2 roots are (α + β )2 and (α − β )2 , is
3c (a) x 2 − 2abx − (a 2 − b 2 )2 = 0 (b) x 2 − 4abx − (a 2 − b 2 )2 = 0
12 If ax 2 + 2bx − 3 c = 0 has no real root and < a + b,
4 (c) x 2 − 4abx + (a 2 − b 2 )2 = 0(d) None of these
then the range of c is
(a) (−1, 1 ) (b) (0, 1) 23 Let α , β be the roots of x 2 − 2x cos φ + 1 = 0, then the
(c) (0, ∞) (d) (− ∞, 0) equation whose roots are α n and β n , is
13 If a , b and c are real numbers in AP, then the roots of (a) x 2 − 2 x cosnφ − 1 = 0 (b) x 2 − 2 x cosnφ + 1 = 0
ax + bx + c = 0 are real for
2 (c) x 2 − 2 x sinnφ + 1 = 0 (d) x 2 + 2 x sinnφ − 1 = 0

(a) all a and c (b) no a and c 24 The harmonic mean of the roots of the equation
c a ( 5 + 2 )x 2 − ( 4 + 5 )x + 8 + 2 5 = 0 is
(c) −7 ≥ 4 3 (d) +7 ≥2 3
a c (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
25 If the ratio of the roots of λx 2 + µx + ν = 0 is equal to the 35 If the equations x 2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
ratio of the roots of x + x + 1 = 0, then λ , µ and ν are in
2
a, b, c ∈ R , have a common root, then a : b : c is
(a) AP (b) GP j AIEEE 2012
(c) HP (d) None of these (a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 : 2 (d) 3 : 1 : 2
1 1 1
26 If the roots of the equation + = are equal in 36 The equation formed by decreasing each root of
x +p x +q r ax 2 + bx + c = 0 by 1 is 2x 2 + 8x + 2 = 0, then
magnitude but opposite in sign, then the product of the (a) a = − b (b) b = − c (c) c = − a (d) b = a + c
roots is
37 If f ( x ) = x + 2bx + 2c and g ( x ) = − x − 2cx + b 2 such
2 2 2

(a) −2 (p 2 + q 2 ) (b) − (p 2 + q 2 ) that min f ( x ) > max g ( x ), then the relation between b and
− (p 2 + q 2 )
(c) (d) −pq c is
2
(a) | c| < | b| 2 (b) 0 < c < b 2
27 If the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 of the form (c) | c| < | b| 2 (d) | c | > | b | 2
k +1 k+2
and , then (a + b + c )2 is equal to 38 If a ∈ R and a1, a 2 , a 3 … , a n ∈ R , then
k k +1
( x − a1 )2 + ( x − a 2 )2 +… + ( x − a n )2 assumes its least
(a) 2b 2 − ac (b) ∑a 2 (c) b 2 − 4ac (d) b 2 − 2ac value at x =
28 If α and β are the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 (a) a1 + a2 + … + an (b) 2 (a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an )
such that β < α < 0, then the quadratic equation whose (c) n (a1 + a2 + … + an ) (d) None of these
roots are α , β , is given by 39 If the roots of the equation bx 2 + cx + a = 0 is imaginary,
(a) a x 2 + b x + c = 0 (b) ax 2 − b x + c = 0 then for all real values of x, the expression
(c) a x − b x + c = 0
2
(d) a x
2
+ b| x + c = 0 3b 2 x 2 + 6bcx + 2c 2 is j
AIEEE 2009
(a) greater than 4ab (b) less than 4ab
29 If α and β be the roots of x 2 + px + q = 0, then (c) greater than −4ab (d) less than −4ab
(ωα + ω 2β )(ω 2α + ωβ )
is equal to 40 If x 2 + 2ax + 10 − 3a > 0 for all x ∈ R , then
α 2 β2
+ (a) − 5 < a < 2 (b) a < − 5
β α
(c) a > 5 (d) 2 < a < 5
q p
(a) − (b) αβ (c) − (d) ω  1
p q 41 If the expression ax − 1 +  is non-negative for all
 x
p
30 If α and β are roots of the equation x 2 + px + 3. = 0, positive real x, then the minimum value of a must be
4 1
such that | α − β | = 10, then p belongs j
JEE Mains 2013 (a) 0
2
(a) {2, − 5 } (b) {− 3, 2 } (c) {− 2, 5 } (d) {3, − 5 } 1
(c) (d) None of these
4
31 Sachin and Rahul attemped to solve a quadratic
equation. Sachin made a mistake in writing down the 42 The number of real solutions of the equation
x
constant term and ended up in roots ( 4, 3). Rahul made a  9
  = − 3 + x − x is
2

mistake in writing down coefficient of x to get roots ( 3, 2). 10

The correct roots of equation are j
AIEEE 2011 (a) 0 (b) 1
(a) −4, − 3 (b) 6, 1 (c) 4, 3 (d) −6, − 1 (c)2 (d) None of these
32 If α and β are the roots of x 2 + x + 2 = 0 and γ,δ are the 43 If α and β be the roots of the quadratic equation
roots of x 2 + 3x + 4 = 0, then (α + γ )(α + δ )(β + γ ) ax 2 + bx + c = 0 and k be a real number, then the
(β + δ ) is equal to condition, so that α < k < β is given by
(a) −18 (b) 18 (c) 24 (d) 44 (a) ac > 0 (b) ak 2 + bk + c = 0
π P Q (c) ac < 0 (d) a 2 k 2 + abk + ac < 0
33 In ∆PQR , R = . If tan and tan are the roots of the
2 2 2 44 2x − 3 < x + 5 , then x belongs to
equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then
(c)  − , 8  (d)  −8, 
2 2
(a) (−3,5) (b) (5, 9)
(a) a = b + c (b) b = c + a  3   3
(c) c = a + b (d) b = c x −5
45 The least integral value α of x such that > 0,
34 If the equation k ( 6x 2 + 3) + rx + 2x 2 − 1 = 0 and x 2 + 5x − 14
6 k ( 2x 2 + 1) + px + 4x 2 − 2 = 0 have both roots common, satisfies j
JEE Mains 2013
then 2r − p is equal to (a) α + 3 α − 4 = 0
2
(b) α − 5 α + 4 = 0
2

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) k (c) α 2 − 7α + 6 = 0 (d) α 2 + 5 α − 6 = 0

 | x − 2 | −1 51 If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that a + b + c = 1,
46 The solution set of ≤ 0 is
|x −2| −2 then the greatest value of (1 − a ) (1 − b ) (1 − c ), is
(a) [0, 1] ∪ (3, 4) (b) [0, 1] ∪ [3, 4] 1 8 4
(a) (b) (c) (d) 9
27 27 27
(c) [−1, 1) ∪ (3, 4] (d) None of these
x +2 1 52 If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that
47 Number of integral solutions of > is a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b ) (c + d ) satisfies the
x2 +1 2
relation
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 0 ≤ M ≤ 1 (b) 1 ≤ M ≤ 2 (c) 2 ≤ M ≤ 3 (d) 3 ≤ M ≤ 4
48 If the product of n positive numbers is 1, then their sum is
53 log2 ( x − 3x + 18) < 4, then x belongs to
2

(a) a positive integer (b) divisible by n

1 (a) (1, 2) (b) (2, 16)
(c) equation to n + (d) greater than or equal to n
n (c) (1, 16) (d) None of these

49 The minimum value of P = bcx + cay + abz , when 54 If log0. 3 ( x − 1) > log0. 09 ( x − 1), then x lies in
xyz = abc, is (a) (1, 2) (b) (− ∞, 1)
(a) 3abc (b) 6abc (c) (2, ∞) (d) None of these
(c) abc (d) 4abc 55 What is the solution set of the following inequality?
50 If a, b and c are distinct three positive real numbers, then  x + 5
logx   >0
 1 1 1 1 − 3x 
(a + b + c )  + +  is
a b c 1
(a) 0 < x < (b) x ≥ 3
(a) > 1 (b) > 9 3
1
(c) < 9 (d) None of these (c) < x<1 (d) None of these
3

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 2

PROGRESSIVE QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 Let S = {x ∈ R : x ≥ 0 and 2 x − 3 + x ( x − 6) + 6 =.0 5 If a < b < c < d , then the roots of the equation
( x − a )( x − c ) + 2 ( x − b )( x − d ) = 0 are
Then, S j
JEE Mains 2018
(a) real and distinct (b) real and equal
(a) is an empty set
(c) imaginary (d) None of these
(b) contains exactly one element
(c) contains exactly two elements 6 Let α and β be the roots of equation px 2 + qx + r = 0,
(d) contains exactly four elements 1 1
p ≠ 0. If p, q and r are in AP and + = 4, then the value
2 The roots of the equation 2 x + 2
⋅3 3 x / ( x − 1)
= 9 are given by α β
of α − β is
(b) log2   , 1
2 j
JEE Mains 2014
(a) 1 − log2 3, 2
 3 61 2 17 34 2 13
(log 3) (a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) 2 , − 2 (d) − 2 , 1 − 9 9 9 9
(log 2)
7 If α and β are the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0
3 Let α and β be the roots equation x 2 − 6x − 2 = 0. If (a ≠ 0, a, b, c being different), then (1 + α + α 2 ) (1 + β + β 2 ) is
a − 2a 8
a n = α n − β n for n ≥ 1, then the value of 10 is equal (a) zero (b) positive
2a 9 (c) negative (d) None of these
to j
JEE Mains 2015 8 The minimum value of the sum of real numbers
(a) 6 (b) − 6 (c) 3 (d) − 3 a −5 , a −4 , 3a −3 , 1, a 8 and a10 a > 0 is
x 10 + 1 (a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d) 1
4 If x 2 − 5x + 1 = 0, then is equal to
x5 9 For a > 0, the roots of the equation
(a) 2424 (b) 3232 logax a + logx a 2 + loga 2 x a 3 = 0 is given by
(c) 2525 (d) None of these (a) a −4 / 3 (b) a −3 / 4 (c) a1 / 2 (d) a −1
10 If a , b and c are in AP and if the equations 19 If α and β are the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
(b − c ) x + (c − a )x + (a − b ) = 0 and 2 (c + a ) x
2 2 α
then the quadratic equation whose roots are and
+ (b + c ) x = 0 have a common root, then 1+ α
β
(a) a 2 , b 2 and c 2 are in AP (b) a 2 , c 2 and b 2 are in AP is
(c) c 2 , a 2 and b 2 are in AP (d) None of these 1+ β
(a) ax 2 − b (1 − x) + c (1 − x)2 = 0
11 If the equations x 2 + ax + 12 = 0, x 2 + bx + 15 = 0 and (b) ax 2 − b (x − 1) + c (x − 1)2 = 0
x 2 + (a + b )x + 36 = 0 have a common positive root, then (c) ax 2 + b (1 − x) + c (1 − x)2 = 0
the ordered pair (a , b ) is (d) ax 2 + b (x + 1) + c (1 + x)2 = 0
(a) (− 6, − 7) (b) (− 7, − 8) 20 If both the roots of the quadratic equation
(c) (− 6, − 8) (d) (− 8, − 7)
x 2 − 2kx + k 2 + k − 5 = 0 are less than 5, then k lies in the
12 If x is real, then the maximum and minimum value of the interval j AIEEE 2005

x 2 − 3x + 4 (a) [4,5] (b) (−∞, 4) (c) (6, ∞) (d) (5, 6)

expression will be
x 2 + 3x + 4
21 All the values of m for which both roots of the equation
1
(a) 2, 1 (b) 5, x 2 − 2mx + m 2 − 1 = 0 are greater than −2 but less than 4
5
1 lie in the interval
(c) 7, (d) None of these
7 (a) m > 3 (b) −1 < m < 3
(c) 1 < m < 4 (d) −2 < m < 0
13 If a ∈ R and the equation
−3( x − [ x ])2 + 2( x − [ x ]) + a 2 = 0 (where, [ x ] denotes the 22 Let α and β be real and z be a complex number. If
greatest integer ≤ x) has no integral solution, then all z 2 + αz + β = 0 has two distinct roots on the line
Re ( z ) = 1, then it is necessary that j
AIEEE 2011
possible values of a lie in the interval j
JEE Mains 2014
(a) β ∈ (− 1, 0) (b) | β | = 1 (c) β ∈ [1, ∞) (d) β ∈ (0, 1)
(a) (−1, 0) ∪ (0,1) (b) (1, 2)
(c) (−2, − 1) (d) (−∞, − 2) ∪ (2, ∞) 23 The equation e sin x − e − sin x − 4 = 0 has j
AIEEE 2012
2π 2π (a) infinite number of real roots
14 If a = cos + i sin , then the quadratic equation
7 7 (b) no real root
whose roots are α = a + a 2 + a 4 and β = a 3 + a 5 + a 6 , is (c) exactly one real root
(a) x 2 − x + 2 = 0 (b) x 2 + 2 x + 2 = 0 (d) exactly four real roots
(c) x 2 + x + 2 = 0 (d) x 2 + x − 2 = 0 24 Ifa, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that
15 If α and β are roots of 375 x − 25x − 2 = 0 and2 1 1 1 1
a+ = 4, b + = 1, c + = 4 and d + = 1, then
n b c d a
S n = α n + β n , then lim
n→ ∞ ∑S
r =1
r is equal to
(a) a = c and b = d (b) b = d but a ≠ c
(c) ab = 1and cd ≠ 1 (d) cd = 1and ab ≠ 1
7 1
(a) (b)
116 12 (ω and ω2 are complex cube roots of unity)
29
(c) (d) None of these
358 25 Let f : R → R be a continuous function defined by
1
16 If S = {a ∈ N, 1 ≤ a ≤ 100} and [tan2 x ] − tan x − a = 0 has f (x ) =
e x + 2e − x
real roots, where [. ] denotes the greatest integer
function, then number of elements in set S equals 1
Statement I f (c ) = , for some c ∈ R .
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 9 3
17 The sum of all real values of x satisfying the equation 1
2
+ 4 x − 60 Statement II 0 < f ( x ) ≤ , ∀ x ∈R .
( x 2 − 5 x + 5 )x = 1 is j
JEE Mains 2016 2 2 j
AIEEE 2010
(a) 3 (b) −4 (c) 6 (d) 5 (a) Statement I is false, Statement II is true
18 If λ is an integer and α , β are the roots of (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true.
λ Statement II is a correct explanation of Statement I
4x 2 − 16x + = 0 such that 1 < α < 2 and 2 < β < 3, then
4 (c) Statement I is true, Statement II is true;
the possible values of λ are Statement II is not a correct explanation for Statement I
(a) {60, 64, 68} (b) {61, 62, 63} (d) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
(c) {49, 50,…, 62, 63} (d) {62, 65, 68, 71, 75}
38 40 DAY ~ JEE MAIN MATHEMATICS DAY FOUR

ANSWERS
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (a)
SESSION 1
11. (d) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (c)
31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. (b) 37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (c) 40. (a)
41. (c) 42. (a) 43. (d) 44. (c) 45. (d) 46. (b) 47. (d) 48. (d) 49. (a) 50. (b)
51. (b) 52. (a) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. (d)

SESSION 2 1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b)

Hints and Explanations

SESSION 1 4 Q 5− 2 6 = 1 If equation is a perfect square then root
5+ 2 6 are equal
1 We have,
1 i.e. (1 − 2k )2 − 4(1 + 2k ) (1 − 2k ) = 0
3 x2 − 7 x − 30 + 2 x2 − 7 x − 5 = x + 5 ∴ t + = 10, 1 −3
t i.e. k = , .
⇒ 3 x2 − 7 x − 30 = ( x + 5) − 2 x2 − 7 x − 5 2 10
2
−3
where t = (5 + 2 6 )x …(i) Hence, total number of values = 2.
On squaring both sides, we get
⇒ t − 10t + 1 = 0
2
7 Since, roots are real.
3 x2 − 7 x − 30
⇒ t = 5± 2 6 ∴ {2(bc + ad )}2 = 4(a2 + b 2 )(c 2 + d 2 )
= x2 + 25 + 10 x + (2 x2 − 7 x − 5)
t = (5 + 2 6 )± 1 ⇒ 4b 2c 2 + 4a2d 2 + 8abcd = 4a2c 2 + 4a2d 2
−2( x + 5) 2 x2 − 7 x − 5 or …(ii)
+4b 2c 2 + 4b 2d 2
⇒ −10 x − 50 = −2( x + 5) 2 x2 − 7 x − 5 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), ⇒ 4a c + 4b d − 8abcd = 0
2 2 2 2

x + 5 ≠ 0, 2 x2 − 7 x − 5 = 5 x2 − 3 = ± 1 ⇒ 4(ac − bd )2 = 0
[Q x = −5does not satisfy the given ⇒ x2 = 2, 4 ⇒ ac = bd
equation] a b
⇒ x = − 2 , 2 , − 2, 2 ⇒ =
⇒ 2 x2 − 7 x − 30 = 0 d c
∴ x=6 ∴ Required product = 8
8 Given equation is x2 + ax + 1 = 0
2 Given equation is x2 − 5 x + 6 = 0 5 The given equation is Since, roots are real
When x ≥ 0, x2 − 5x + 6 = 0 2(1 + i )x2 − 4(2 − i )x − 5 − 3i = 0 ∴ a2 − 4 ≥ 0 ⇒ a ≥ 2
and when x < 0, x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 16(2 − i )2 Thus, the least value of a is 2.
4(2 − i ) ±
⇒ x2 − 3 x − 2 x + 6 = 0; x ≥ 0 + 8(1 + i )(5 + 3i ) 9 We know that only even prime is 2,
⇒x=
and x2 + 3 x + 2 x + 6 = 0; x < 0 4(1 + i ) ∴ (2)2 − λ (2) + 12 = 0.
⇒ ( x − 3)( x − 2) = 0, x ≥ 0 i 4− i −1 − i 3 − 5i ⇒ λ=8 ...(i)
=− or = or
and ( x + 3)⋅ ( x + 2) = 0, x < 0 1+ i 1+ i 2 2 Qx + λx + µ = 0 has equal roots.
2

∴ x = 3, x = 2 and x = −3, x = −2 −1 − i 1 1 1 ∴ λ2 − 4µ = 0 [QD = 0]

Now, = + =
There are four solutions of this equation. 2 4 4 2 ⇒ (8)2 − 4µ = 0 ⇒ µ = 16
3 Given equation is 3 − 5i 9 25 17 10 Here, D = (3b )2 − 4 (4 a)(2c )
and = + =
2
2 x − 1 − 32 x − 1 + 2 = 0 2 4 4 2 = 9b 2 − 32ac = 9 (− a − c )2 − 32ac
Let 2 x − 1 = t , then Also,
17
>
1 = 9 a2 − 14 ac + 9c 2
2 2  a 2 14 a 
t 2 − 3t + 2 = 0
3 − 5i = 9c 2    − ⋅ + 1
⇒ (t − 1)(t − 2) = 0 ⇒ t = 1,2 Hence, required root is .  c  9 c 
⇒ 2 x − 1 = 1 and 2 x − 1 = 2 2
 2

= 9c 2   −  −
a 7 49
⇒ 2 x − 1 = ±1 and 2 x − 1 = ±2 6 Given equation + 1 > 0
 c 9  81 
3 1 (1 + 2k ) x2 + (1 − 2k )x + (1 − 2k ) = 0
⇒ x = 1, 0 and x = , −
2 2 Hence, the roots are real and distinct.
11 For real roots, discriminant, [since, non-real complex roots occur in a−1 = 0
conjugate pairs] ⇒ a=1
D = b 2 − 4 ac ≥ 0
= cos 2 β − 4(cos β − 1)sin β ≥ 0 Product of roots, 22 Since, α and β are the roots of the
b
= cos 2 β + 4(1 − cos β )sin β ≥ 0 = (1 − i )(1 + i ) ⇒ b = 2 equation
So, sin β should be > 0. 1 2 x2 + 2(a + b )x + a2 + b 2 = 0
[Q cos 2 β ≥ 0,1 − cos β ≥ 0] 17 Let roots be α and α2 . a2 + b 2
∴ (α + β )2 = (a + b )2 and αβ =
⇒ β ∈ (0, π ) Then, α + α = 30 and α = p
2 3 2
⇒ α2 + α − 30 = 0 Now, (α − β )2 = (α + β )2 − 4αβ
12 Here, D = 4b2 + 12ca < 0  a2 + b 2 
⇒ b 2 + 3ca < 0 …(i) ⇒ (α + 6)(α − 5) = 0 = (a + b )2 − 4 
 2 
⇒ ca < 0 ∴ α= −6, 5
= − (a − b )2
If c > 0, then a < 0 ⇒ p= α 3 = (−6)3 = −216
Now, the required equation whose
3c and p= (5)3 = 125
Also, < a+ b roots are (α + β )2 and (α − β )2 is
4 ∴ p= 125and −216
x2 − {(α + β )2 + (α − β )2 } x
⇒ 3ca > 4 a2 + 4 ab x−m x+ n + (α + β )2 (α − β )2 = 0
18 Given, =
mx + 1 nx + 1 ⇒ x − {(a + b ) − (a − b )2 } x
2 2
⇒ b + 3ca > 4 a2 + 4 ab + b 2
2

= (2a + b )2 ≥ 0 …(ii) ⇒ x2 (m − n ) + 2mnx + (m + n ) = 0 − (a + b )2 (a − b )2 = 0

From (i) and (ii), c > 0, is not true.
1
Roots are α, respectively, then ⇒ x2 − 4abx − (a2 − b 2 )2 = 0
α
∴ c<0 23 The given equation is
1 m+ n
α⋅ = x2 − 2 x cos φ + 1 = 0
13 Since, D ≥ 0 α m−n
2cos φ ± 4cos 2 φ − 4
∴ b 2 − 4 ac ≥ 0 ⇒ m − n = m + n ⇒ n = 0. ∴ x=
2 2
 c + a  − 4 ac 19 Since, α,α2 be the roots of the equation = cos φ ± i sin φ
⇒   ≥ 0 [Q 2b = a + c ]
 2 
x2 + x + 1 = 0 Let α = cos φ + i sin φ, then
⇒ c 2 − 14ca + a2 ≥ 0 ∴ α + α 2 = −1 ... (i) β = cos φ − i sin φ
2
and α3 = 1 ∴ α n + β n = (cos φ + i sin φ)n
⇒   − 14   + 1≥ 0
c c ... (ii)
 a  a Now, α 31 + α 62 = α31 (1 + α31 ) + (cos φ − i sin φ)n
⇒ α + α 62 = α30 ⋅ α(1 + α 30 ⋅ α)
31 = 2cos nφ
2

⇒  c − 7 ≥ 48 and α nβ n = (cos nφ + i sin nφ)

  ⇒ α31 + α 62 = (α3 )10 ⋅ α{1 + (α3 )10 ⋅ α}
a  ⋅ (cos nφ − i sin nφ)
⇒ α31 + α 62 = α(1 + α) [from Eq. (ii)]
c = cos 2 nφ + sin2 nφ = 1
⇒ −7 ≥ 4 3 ⇒ α31 + α 62 = −1 [from Eq. (i)] ∴ Required equation is
a
Again, α31 ⋅ α 62 = α 93 x2 − 2 x cos nφ + 1 = 0
14 Let D1 and D2 be the discriminants of ⇒ α31 ⋅ α 62 = [α3 ]31 = 1
24 Given equation is
given equation, respectively. Then ∴ Required equation is
(5 + 2 )x2 − (4 + 5)x + 8 + 2 5 = 0
D1 + D2 = b 2 − 4 ac + d 2 + 4 ac x2 − (α31 + α 62 )x + α31 ⋅ α 62 = 0
Let x1 and x2 are the roots of the
⇒ x2 + x + 1 = 0
= b2 + d 2 > 0 equation, then
So, either D1 and D2 are positive or 20 Since, α and β are the roots of
4+ 5
x2 − ax + a + b = 0, then x1 + x2 = ... (i)
atleast one D’s is positive. 5+ 2
a+ β = a
Therefore, P ( x )⋅ Q ( x ) = 0 has either two αβ = a + b 8 + 2 5 2(4 + 5)
and and x1 x2 = =
or four real roots. 5+ 2 5+ 2
⇒ a2 + αβ = aα
1 4− 3 4− 3 ⇒ α2 − aα = − (a + b ) = 2( x1 + x2 ) ... (ii)
15 One root = × =
4+ 3 4− 3 13 and αβ + β2 = aβ Clearly, harmonic mean
⇒ β2 − aβ = − (a + b ) 2 x1 x2 4( x1 + x2 )
4+ 3 = = =4
∴ Other root = 1 1 2 x1 + x2 ( x1 + x2 )
13 ∴ + +
∴The quadratic equation is α2 − aα β2 − aβ a+ b [from Eq. (ii)]
4+ 3 4 − 3 1 1 2
x2 −  + = + + =0 25 Let α, β and α ′, β ′ be the roots of the
 x − (a + b ) − (a + b ) (a + b )
 13 13  given equations, respectively.
4+ 3 4− 3 21 Let α and β be the roots of equation µ ν
+ ⋅ =0 ∴ α +β=− , αβ = …(i)
13 13 x2 − (a − 2)x − a − 1 = 0 λ λ
or 13 x − 8 x + 1 = 0
2
Then, α + β = a − 2 and αβ = − a − 1 and α ′ = ω and β ′ = ω2
α α′
This equation must be identical with Now, α2 + β2 = (α + β )2 − 2αβ Q = [given]
ax2 + bx + 1 = 0; β β′
⇒ α2 + β2 = (a − 2)2 + 2(a + 1)
∴ a = 13 and b = − 8. α ω
⇒ α2 + β2 = a2 − 2a + 6 ⇒ = ⇒ β = αω
16 Sum of roots β ω2
−a ⇒ α2 + β2 = (a − 1)2 + 5
From Eq. (i),
= (1 − i ) + (1 + i ) ⇒ a = − 2. The value of α2 + β2 will be least, if
1
 µ 2 ν = α 2 + β 2 − αβ (Qω + ω2 = −1) 34 Given, (6 k + 2)x2 + rx + 3 k − 1 = 0
α + αω = − ,α ω =
λ λ = (α + β )2 − 3αβ = p2 − 3q and (12k + 4)x2 + px + 6 k − 2 = 0
µ ν α 2 β2 α 3 + β3
⇒ − αω 2 = − , α2ω = Also, + = For both common roots,
λ λ β α αβ 6k + 2 3k − 1
r
[Q− ω2 = 1 + ω] = =
(α + β )3 − 3αβ(α + β) p(3q − p2 ) 12 k + 4 p 6 k − 2
µ2 ν = =
⇒ = ⇒ µ = λν
2
αβ q r 1
λ2 λ ⇒ = ⇒ 2r − p = 0
∴ The given expression p 2
26 Simplified form of given equation is ( p2 − 3q ) q
(2x + p + q ) r = ( x + p )( x + q ) = =− 35 Given equations are
p(3q − p2 ) p
⇒ x2 + ( p + q − 2r )x x2 + 2 x + 3 = 0 ... (i)
q
− ( p + q ) r + pq = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0 ... (ii)
3p Since, Eq. (i) has imaginary roots.
Since, sum of roots = 0 30 Clearly, α + β = − p and αβ =
⇒ − ( p + q − 2r ) = 0 4 So, Eq. (ii) will also have both roots
p+q Also, (α − β )2 = 10 same as Eq. (i)
⇒ r = a b c
2 ⇒ (α + β )2 − 4αβ = 10 Thus, = =
and product of roots ⇒ p2 − 3 p = 10 1 2 3
= − ( p + q ) r + pq ⇒ ( p + 2)( p − 5) = 0 Hence, a:b :c is 1:2:3.
( p + q )2 ∴ p = −2, 5 36 α, β be the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0
=− + pq
2 31 Let the quadratic equation be ∴ α + β = − b / a, αβ = c / a
1
= − ( p2 + q 2 ) ax2 + bx + c = 0 and its roots are α and Now roots are α − 1, β − 1
2 β. Their sum, α + β − 2 = (− b / a) − 2
Sachin made a mistake in writing down = − 8/2 = − 4
27 Clearly, sum of roots,
constant term. Their product,
k+1 k+2 b
+ =− ... (i) ∴ Sum of roots is correct i.e. α + β = 7 (α − 1) (β − 1) = αβ − (α + β ) + 1
k k+1 a Rahul made mistake in writing down
and product of roots, = c /a + b/a + 1 = 1
coefficient of x.
k+1 k+2 c ∴ b / a = 2 i.e. b = 2a
× = ∴ Product of roots is correct.
k k+1 a also c + b = 0 ⇒ b = − c .
i.e. α ⋅ β = 6
k+2 c 4b 2 − 8c 2
⇒ = ⇒ Correct quadratic equation is 37 min f ( x ) = − D = −
k a 4a 4
x2 − (α + β )x + αβ = 0.
2 c c−a 2a = − (b 2 − 2c 2 )
⇒ = −1 = ⇒k = ⇒ x2 − 7 x + 6 = 0 having roots 1
k a a c−a (upward parabola)
and 6.
On putting the value of k in Eq. (i), we D 4c 2 + 4b 2
get 32 Since, α + β = − 1,αβ = 2, max g ( x ) = − =
c+a 2c b 4a 4
+ =− γ + δ = − 3, and γδ = 4 = b + c2
2
2a c+a a
⇒ (c + a)2 + 4ac = −2b(a + c ) ∴ (α + γ )(α + δ )(β + γ )(β + δ ) (downward parabola)
= (α2 − 3α + 4)(β2 − 3β + 4) Now, 2c 2 − b 2 > b 2 + c 2
⇒ (a + c )2 + 2b(a + c ) = −4ac
⇒ c 2 > 2b 2 ⇒ |c| > 2 |b|
⇒ (a + c )2 + 2b(a + c ) + b 2 = b 2 − 4ac = 4 − 3αβ2 + 4β2 − 3α2β + 9αβ
⇒ (a + b + c )2 = b 2 − 4ac − 12β + 4α2 − 12α + 16 38 We have,
28 Since, α and β are the roots of the = 4 − 3(2)β + 4β2 + 4α2 ( x − a1 )2 + ( x − a2 )2 + … + ( x − an )2
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 −3( 2)α + 9( 2) − 12 ( β + α ) + 16 = n x2 − 2 x(a1 + a2 + … + an )
b c + (a12 + a22 + …+ a2n )
∴ α + β = − and αβ = = 4 − 6β + 4(α2 + β2 )
a a So, it attains its minimum value at
− 6α + 18 + 12 + 16 2(a1 + a2 + … + an )
Now, sum of roots = α + β x=
= 50 + 6 + 4[(α + β )2 − 2αβ] 2n
= − α −β (Qβ < α < 0)
 b b = 56 − 12 = 44 a1 + a2 + … + an  using : x = −b 
= − −  = (Qα + β > 0) =
 a n  2a 
a
33 Given, R = π ⇒ P + Q = π
c 2 2 39 Given bx2 + cx + a = 0 has imaginary
and product of roots = α β =
a P Q π roots.
⇒ + =
Hence, required eqution is 2 2 4 ⇒ c 2 − 4ab < 0 ⇒ c 2 < 4ab …(i)
b c Q Let f ( x ) = 3b 2 x2 + 6bcx + 2c 2
x2 − x + =0 P
tan + tan
a a π 2 2 Here, 3b 2 > 0
⇒ 1 = tan =
⇒ a x2 − b x + c = 0 4 1 − tan P tan Q So, the given expression has a
2 minimum value.
29 Since, α and β are the roots of the 2
b −D
− ∴ Minimum value =
equation x2 + px + q = 0 therefore a 4a
b
α + β = − p and αβ = q ⇒ 1= = ⇒a+ b =c 4ac − b 2 4(3b 2 )(2c 2 ) − 36b 2c 2
1−
c c −a = =
Now, (ωα + ω2β )(ω2α + ωβ ) 4a 4(3b 2 )
a
= α2 + β2 + (ω 4 + ω2 )αβ (Qω3 = 1)
 12b 2c 2 | x − 2| − 1 51 Using GM ≤ AM, we have
=− = − c 2 > −4ab 46 Given, ≤0
12b 2 | x − 2| − 2 {(1 − a) (1 − b ) (1 − c )1 /3 }
[from Eq. (i)] Let | x − 2 |= k 1− a+ 1−b + 1−c
≤
40 According to given condition, Then, given equation, 3
k −1 (k − 1) (k − 2) 8
4a2 − 4(10 − 3a) < 0 ≤0 ⇒ ≤0 ⇒ (1 − a) (1 − b ) (1 − c ) ≤
⇒ a2 + 3a − 10 < 0 k −2 (k − 2)2 27
8
⇒ (a + 5) (a − 2) < 0 ⇒ (k − 1) (k − 2) ≤ 0 ⇒ 1 ≤ k ≤ 2 Hence, the greatest value is .
27
⇒ − 5 < a < 2. ⇒ 1 ≤ | x − 2|≤ 2
Case I When 1 ≤ | x − 2| 52 Using AM ≥ GM, we have
41 We have, ax − 1 + 1 ≥ 0
x (a + b ) + (c + d )
⇒ | x − 2|≥ 1 ≥ {(a + b ) (c + d )}1 /2
ax2 − x + 1 2
⇒ ≥0 ⇒ x − 2 ≥ 1 or x − 2 ≤ −1
x 2
⇒ x ≥ 3 and x ≤ 1 …(i) ⇒ ≥ M 1 /2 ⇒ M ≤ 1
⇒ ax2 − x + 1 ≤ 0 as x > 0 2
Case II When | x − 2|≤ 2 As a, b, c , d > 0.
It will hold if a > 0 and D ≤ 0
1 ⇒ −2 ≤ x − 2 ≤ 2 Therefore, M = (a + b ) (c + d ) > 0.
a > 0 and 1 − 4a ≤ 0 ⇒ a ≥
4 ⇒ −2 + 2 ≤ x ≤ 2 + 2 Hence, 0 ≤ M ≤ 1.
1 ⇒ 0≤ x ≤ 4 ...(ii)
Therefore, the minimum value of a is . 53 log 2 ( x2 − 3 x + 18) < 4
4 From (i) and (ii), x ∈ [0, 1] ∪ [3, 4]
⇒ x2 − 3 x + 18 < 16
42 Let f ( x ) = − 3 + x − x2 . x+2 1 (Qlog a b < c ⇔ b < ac , if a > 1)
47 − >0
Then, f ( x ) < 0 for all x, because coeff. of x2 + 1 2 ⇒ x2 − 3 x + 2 < 0
x2 < 0 and disc. < 0. − x2 − 1 + 2 x + 4 ⇒ ( x − 1)( x − 2) < 0 ⇒ x ∈ (1,2)
⇒ >0
Thus, LHS of the given equation is 2( x2 + 1)
always positive whereas the RHS is 54. Clearly, x − 1 > 0 ⇒ x > 1
3 + 2 x − x2
always less than zero. Hence, the given ⇒ >0 and log 0 . 3 ( x − 1) > log ( 0 . 3 )2 ( x − 1)
equation has no solution. 2( x2 + 1)
1
Since, denominator is positive ⇒ log 0 . 3 ( x − 1) > log 0 . 3 ( x − 1)
43 Let f ( x ) = ax + bx + c .
2 2
∴3 + 2 x − x2 > 0 ⇒ log 0 . 3 ( x − 1) > 0 ⇒ x < 2
Then, k lies betweenα andβ, if a f (k ) < 0 ⇒ − 1< x < 3
⇒ a (ak 2 + bk + c ) < 0 Hence, x ∈ (1, 2)
⇒ x = 0, 1, 2
⇒ a2 k 2 + abk + ac < 0. 55 By definition of log x, x > 0 and
48 Let a1 , a2 , … , an be n positive integers
44 We have, 2 x − 3 < x + 5  x + 5
such that a1 a2 … an = 1.  >0
⇒ 2x − 3 − x + 5 < 0 Using AM ≥ GM, we have  1 − 3x 
 a + a2 + … + an ( x + 5)(1 − 3 x )
⇒ 1 ≥ (a1 a2 … an )1 / n ⇒ >0
 3 − 2 x + x + 5 < 0, x ≤ − 5 n (1 − 3 x )2
 3
⇒ 3 − 2 x − x − 5 < 0, − 5 < x ≤ ⇒ a1 + a2 + … an ≥ n.
 2 ⇒ ( x + 5)(1 − 3 x ) > 0
 2 x − 3 − x − 5 < 0, x >
3 49 Since, AM ≥ GM
 2 bcx + cay + abz ⇒ ( x + 5)(3 x − 1) < 0
∴ ≥ (a2b 2c 2 ⋅ xyz )1 /3
 3 ⇒ − 5 < x < 1/3
 x > 8, x ≤ −5 ⇒ bcx + cay + abz ≥ 3abc
 2 3 As x > 0, 0 < x < 1 / 3
⇒  x > − ,− 5< x ≤ [Qxyz = abc ]
 3 2 x+ 5
3 50 We know that, AM > GM ∴ < 1⇒ x < − 1
 x < 8, x > 1 − 3x
 2 a+ b + c
∴ > (abc )1 /3 ... (i) This does not satisfy 0 < x < 1 / 3.
⇒  2 3  3 
x ∈  − , ∪  , 8
3
Hence, there is no solution.
 3 2   2  1 1 1
+ + 1 /3
a b c >  1 
x ∈  − , 8
2 and
⇒ 3  abc  SESSION 2
 3 
 1 + 1 + 1 > 3 1 We have
x−5 ⇒   ... (ii)
45 >0  a b c  (abc )1 /3 2 x −3 + x ( x − 6) + 6 = 0
x2 + 5x − 14
From (i) and (ii), we get
( x + 7 )( x − 2) ( x − 5) Let x −3 = y
⇒ >0
( x − 2)2 ( x + 7 )2  a + b + c   1 + 1 + 1 ⇒ x = y+3
  
 3  a b c 
3 ∴ 2 y + ( y + 3)( y − 3) + 6 = 0
> ⋅ (abc )1 /3 ⇒ 2 y + y2 − 3 = 0
⇒ x ∈ (−7, 2) ∪ (5, ∞ ) (abc )1 /3 2
⇒ y + 2 y −3 = 0
⇒ (a + b + c ) + +  > 9
So, the least integral value α of x is − 6, 1 1 1
which satisfy the equation a b c ⇒ ( y + 3)( y − 1) = 0
α2 + 5α − 6 = 0 ⇒ y ≠ −3 ⇒ y = 1
 ⇒ y = ±1 5 Given equation can be rewritten as 9 We have,
⇒ x − 3 = ±1 3 x2 − (a + c + 2b + 2d )x + ac + 2bd = 0 log a a 2 log a a
+
⇒ x = 4,2 Now, discriminant, D log a a + log a x log a x
= (a + c + 2b + 2d )2 − 4⋅ 3(ac + 2bd )
⇒ x = 16, 4 +
3 log a a
=0
= {(a + 2d ) + (c + 2b )}2 − 12(ac + 2bd )
x +2 2 log a a + log a x
2 We have, 2 ⋅ 33 x / ( x − 1 ) = 9 = {(a + 2d ) − (c + 2b )}2 + 4(a + 2d )
(c + 2b ) − 12(ac + 2bd ) 1 2 3
Taking log on both sides, we get ⇒ + + =0
3x = {(a + 2d ) − (c + 2b )}2 1+ t t 2+ t
( x + 2)log 2 + log 3 = 2 log 3
( x − 1) −8ac + 8ab + 8dc − 8bd ( let log a x = t )
= {(a + 2d ) − (c + 2b )}2 + 8(c − b )(d − a) 2t + t 2 + 2t 2 + 6t + 4 + 3t 2 + 3t
⇒ ( x + x − 2)log 2 + 3 x log 3
2
⇒ =0
Which is + ve, since a < b < c < d . t (1 + t ) (2 + t )
= 2( x − 1)log 3 Hence, roots are real and distinct.
⇒ 6t 2 + 11t + 4 = 0
⇒ x2 log 2 + (log 2 + log 3)x 6 Since, α and β are roots of ⇒ 6t 2 + 8t + 3t + 4 = 0
− 2 log 2 + 2 log 3 = 0 px2 + qx + r = 0, p ≠ 0
⇒ (2t + 1) (3t + 4) = 0
− (log 2 + log 3) ± −q r
∴ α+β = , αβ = ⇒
1
t = − ,−
4
{(log 2 + log 3)2 − 4 log 2 p p 2 3
(− 2 log 2 + 2 log 3)} Since, p,q and r are in AP. 1 4
∴ x= ⇒ log a x = − , −
∴ 2q = p + r 2 3
2 log 2
1 1 α+β ∴ x = a−1 /2 , a−4 /3
Also, + =4 ⇒ =4
− (log 2 + log 3) α β αβ
−q
10 Since, x = 1 is a root of first equation. If
{(3 log 2)2 − 6 log 2 log 3 ⇒ α + β = 4αβ ⇒ =
4r
± α is another root of first equation, then
+ (log 3)2 } p p a−b
= α × 1= α =
2 log 2 Q 2q = p + r b −c
⇒ 2(−4r ) = p + r ⇒ p = −9r
− (log 2 + log 3) ± (3 log 2 − log 3) −q
(Product of roots)
= Q α+β = =
4r
=
4r
=−
4
2 log 2 −9r 2a − 2b 2a − (a + c )
p p 9 = = =1
log 3 r r 1 2b − 2c a + c − 2c
∴ x = − 2, 1 − and αβ = = =
log 2 p −9r −9 So, the roots of first equation are 1 and
1.
3 Given, α and β are the roots of the Now, consider
(α − β )2 = (α + β )2 − 4αβ Since, the equations have a common root,
equation x − 6 x − 2 = 0
2
1 is also a root of second equation.
16 4 16 + 36
Qan = α n − β n , n ≥ 1 ⇒ a10 = α 10 − β 10 = + = ⇒ 2(c + a) + b + c = 0
81 9 81
a8 = α 8 − β 8 and a9 = α 9 − β 9 52 ⇒ 2(2b ) + b + c = 0
⇒ (α − β )2 =
Now, consider 81 [since, a, b and c are in AP]
2 ⇒ c = − 5b
a10 − 2a8 [Qα and β are the ⇒ α −β = 13
9 Also, a + c = 2b ⇒ a = 2b − c
2a9 roots of = 2b + 5 b = 7b
7 α + β = −b / a and αβ = c / a ∴ a2 = 49b 2 , c 2 = 25 b 2
α10 − β10 − 2(α 8 − β 8 ) x2 − 6 x − 2 = 0
= Now, (1 + α + α2 )(1 + β + β2 ) Hence, a2 , c 2 and b 2 are in AP.
2(α 9 − β 9 ) or x2 = 6 x + 2 = 1 + (α + β ) + (α2 + β2 )
α 8(α2 − 2) − β 8(β2 − 2) ⇒ α2 = 6α + 2 + αβ + αβ(α + β) + (αβ) 2 11 On adding first and second equations,
= we get
2(α 9 − β 9 ) ⇒ α2 − 2 = 6α = 1 + (α + β ) + (α + β )2
2 x2 + (a + b )x + 27 = 0
and β2 = 6β + 2 − αβ + αβ(α + β) + (αβ) 2
α ⋅ 6α − β ⋅ 6β
8 8
On subtracting above equation from
= b b2 c  c   b  c 2
2(α 9 − β 9 ) ⇒ β2 − 2 = 6β] = 1− + 2 − +  −  + 2 given third equation, we get
a a a  a  a a
x2 − 9 = 0 ⇒ x = 3, − 3
6α 9 − 6β 9 6 (a2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca)
= = =3 = Thus, common positive root is 3.
2(α 9 − β 9 ) 2 a2
Now, (3)2 + 3 a + 12 = 0 ⇒ a = − 7
= [(a − b )2 + (b − c )2 + (c − a)2 ] / 2a2
and 9 + 3b + 15 = 0 ⇒ b = − 8
4 We have, x2 − 5x + 1 = 0 which is positive.
Hence, the order pair (a, b ) is (− 7, − 8).
1 1 8 Using AM ≥ GM
x+ = 5 ⇒ x2 + 2 = 52 − 2 = 23
12 Let y = x2 − 3 x + 4
2
x x
1 a−5 + a−4 + a−3 + a−3 + a−3 x + 3x + 4
and x3 + 3 = 53 − 3 × 5 = 110 ⇒ ( y − 1)x2 + 3( y + 1)x + 4( y − 1) = 0
x + 1 + a8 + a10
∴ Q x is real.
Now,  x2 + 2   x3 + 3 
1 1 8
 x   x  ≥ (a−5 ⋅ a−4 ⋅ a−3 ⋅ a−3 ⋅ a−3 ⋅ 1 ⋅ a8 ⋅ a10 )1 / 8 ∴ D≥0
⇒ a−5 + a−4 + 3a−3 + 1 + a8 + a10 ⇒ 9( y + 1)2 − 16( y − 1)2 ≥ 0
= 23 × 110 = 2530 ⇒ −7 y 2 + 50 y − 7 ≥ 0
≥ 8⋅1
⇒ x + 5 = 2530 −  x +  = 2525 ⇒ 7 y 2 − 50 y + 7 ≤ 0
1
5 1 Hence, minimum value is 8.
x  x ⇒ ( y − 7)(7 y − 1) ≤ 0
 ⇒ y ≤ 7 and y ≥
1 Now, consider When x = 3,
7 n n x2 + 4 x − 60 = 9 + 12 − 60 = −39, which
1 lim ΣS r = lim Σ (α r
+β ) r
is not an even integer.
⇒ ≤ y≤7 n→ ∞ r = 1 n→ ∞ r = 1
7 Thus, in this case, we get x = 2
= (α + α + α + K ∞ )
2 3

Hence, maximum value is 7 and Hence, the sum of all real values of
+ (β + β2 + β3 + K ∞ )
1
minimum value is . α β α − αβ + β − αβ x = −10 + 6 + 4 + 1 + 2 = 3
7 = + =
1−α 1−β (1 − α )(1 − β ) 18 Given, 4 x2 − 16 x + λ = 0
13 Here, a ∈ R and equation is α + β − 2αβ 4
−3{ x − [ x]}2 + 2{ x − [ x]} + a2 = 0 = 16 ± (256 − 4λ )
1 − (α + β ) + αβ ∴ x=
Let t = x − [ x], then 8
1 4
−3t 2 + 2t + a2 = 0 + 8 ± (64 − λ )
= 15 375 =
1 ± 1 + 3a2 4
⇒ t = 1−
1
−
2
3 15 375 (64 − λ )
Q t = x − [ x] = { x} [fractional part] ⇒ α, β = 2 ±
25 + 4 4
∴ 0≤ t ≤ 1 =
375 − 25 − 2 Here, 64 − λ > 0
1 ± 1 + 3a2
⇒ 0≤ <1 29 1 ∴ λ < 64
3 = =
348 12 Also, 1 < α < 2 and 2 < β < 3
[Q 0 ≤ { x} < 1]
But 1 − 1 + 3a2 < 0 therefore 16 Here, [tan x] = integer
2
64 − λ
∴ 1< 2 − <2
and a = integer 4
1 + 1 + 3a 2
0≤ <1 So, tan x is also an integer.
3 64 − λ
Then, tan2 x − tan x − a = 0 and 2< 2 + <3
⇒ 1 + 3a2 < 2 ⇒ a = tan x (tan x − 1) = I (I − 1) 4
⇒ 1 + 3a2 < 4 ⇒ a2 − 1 < 0 = Product of two 64 − λ
⇒ (a + 1)(a − 1) < 0 ⇒ − 1< − <0
consecutive integers 4
∴ a = 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90 (64 − λ )
Hence, set S has 9 elements. and 0< <1
4
2
+ 4 x − 60
⇒ a ∈ (−1,1) 17 Given, ( x2 − 5x + 5)x =1 (64 − λ )
⇒ 1> >0
For no integral solution we consider the Clearly, this is possible when 4
interval (−1, 0) ∪ (0,1).
I. x + 4 x − 60 = 0 and
2
(64 − λ )
0< <1
14 Given, a = cos 2 π + i sin 2 π
and
x2 − 5 x + 5 ≠ 0 4
7 7
or (64 − λ )
∴ a7 = cos 2 π + i sin 2 π = 1 i.e. 0< <1
[Qe iθ = cos θ + i sin θ] II. x2 − 5 x + 5 = 1 4
Also, α = a + a + a4 ,
2
or ⇒ 0 < (64 − λ ) < 4
β = a3 + a5 + a6 III. x2 − 5 x + 5 = −1 and ⇒ 0 < 64 − λ < 16 ⇒ λ > 48
Then, the sum of roots, x2 + 4 x − 60 = Even integer or 48 < λ < 64
S = α + β = a + a2 + a3 + a4 ∴ λ = {49, 50, 51, 52, ... , 63}
Case I When x2 + 4 x − 60 = 0
+ a5 + a6 19 Since, roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are α and
⇒ x2 + 10 x − 6 x − 60 = 0
a(1 − a6 ) a − a7 β. Hence, roots of cx2 + bx + a = 0, will
⇒ S = = ⇒ x( x + 10) − 6( x + 10) = 0
1− a 1− a 1 1
⇒ ( x + 10)( x − 6) = 0 be and . Now, if we replace x by
a−1 α β
= = −1 [Q a7 = 1] ⇒ x = −10 or x = 6
1− a Note that, for these two values of x − 1, then roots of
1
and product of the roots, x, x2 − 5x + 5 ≠ 0 c ( x − 1)2 + b( x − 1) + a = 0 will be 1 +
α
P = αβ = (a + a2 + a4 ) (a3 + a5 + a6 ) Case II When x2 − 5x + 5 = 1 1 1
= a4 + a5 + 1 + a6 + 1 + a2 + 1 and 1 + . Now, again replace x by ,
⇒ x2 − 5x + 4 = 0 β x
+ a + a3 [Q a7 = 1] ⇒ x2 − 4 x − x + 4 = 0 we will get c (1 − x )2 + b(1 − x ) + ax2 = 0,
= 3 + (a + a + a + a + a + a6 )
2 3 4 5
⇒ ( x − 4) ( x − 1) = 0 α β
=3−1=2 whose roots are and .
⇒ x = 4 or x = 1 1+ α 1+ β
Hence, the required quadratic equation
Case III When x2 − 5x + 5 = −1
is x2 + x + 2 = 0 20 Let f ( x ) = x2 − 2kx + k 2 + k − 5
⇒ x2 − 5x + 6 = 0
15 Since, α and β are the roots of ⇒ x − 2x − 3x + 6 = 0
2 Since, both roots are less than 5.
b
375 x2 − 25x − 2 = 0. ⇒ x( x − 2) − 3( x − 2) = 0 ∴ D ≥ 0, − < 5and f (5) > 0
2a
25 1 ⇒ ( x − 2)( x − 3) = 0
∴ α +β= = Here, D = 4k 2 − 4(k 2 + k − 5)
375 15 ⇒ x = 2 or x = 3
= −4k + 20 ≥ 0
2 Now, when x = 2,
and αβ = − x2 + 4 x − 60 = 4 + 8 − 60 = −48, which ⇒ k≤5 ... (i)
375
is an even integer.
 −
b
<5⇒ k<5 ... (ii) (m + 3) (m + 1) > 0 But,  a +   b +   c + 
1 1 1
2a ⇒ −∞ < m < −3 and  b  c  d
and f (5) > 0 −1 < m < ∞ ... (iv)  d + 1  = 4 × 1 × 4 × 1 = 16
⇒ 25 − 10k + k 2 + k − 5 > 0  
From (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get  a
⇒ k 2 − 9k + 20 > 0 m lie between −1 and 3. 1 1 1 1
∴ a = ,b = ,c and d =
⇒ (k − 5)(k − 4) > 0 b c d a
22 Let z = x + iy , given Re(z ) = 1
⇒ k < 4 and k > 5 …(iii) 1 1 1 1
∴ x = 1 ⇒ z = 1 + iy ⇒ a = = 2, b = = , c = = 2
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get b c 2 d
k<4 Since, the complex roots are conjugate
1 1
to each other. and d = =
21 Since, both roots of equation a 2
So, z = 1 + iy and 1 − iy are two roots of
1 1
x2 − 2mx + m2 − 1 = 0 are greater than −2 z2 + α z + β = 0. ⇒ a = 2, b = ,c = 2 and d =
but less than 4. 2 2
b Q Product of roots = β ⇒ a = c and b = d
∴ D ≥ 0, −2 < − < 4, ⇒ (1 + iy )(1 − iy ) = β
2a 1
∴ β = 1 + y 2 ≥ 1 ⇒ β ∈ [1, ∞ ) 25 We have, f ( x ) =
f (4) > 0 and f (−2) > 0 ex + x
2
Now, D≥0 23 Given equation is e
⇒ 4m2 − 4m2 + 4 ≥ 0 e sin x − e − sin x = 4 ⇒ e sin x −
1
=4 Using AM ≥ GM , we get
⇒ 4> 0⇒m ∈R ... (i) e sin x 2
Let e sin x 1
= t , then t − = 4 ex + x 1 /2

t e ≥  e x ⋅ 2  , as e x > 0
2  ex 
⇒ t 2 − 1 − 4t = 0 ⇒ t 2 − 4t − 1 = 0
2
4 ± 16 + 4 ⇒ e + x ≥2 2
x
⇒ t = e
2
1 1
t = 2 ± 5 ⇒ e sin x = 2 ± 5 ⇒ 0< ≤
b 2 2 2
−2 < − <4 But −1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1 ⇒ e −1 ≤ e sin x ≤ e 1 e + x
x

2a e
⇒ e sin x ∈  ,e 
1 1
 2m  ∴ 0 < f ( x) ≤ ,∀x∈R
⇒ −2 <  <4  e 
 2⋅ 1  2 2
Also, 0 < e < 2 + 5 Statement II is true and Statement I is
⇒ −2 < m < 4 ... (ii)
Hence, given equation has no solution. also true as for some ‘c’.
f (4) > 0 1
⇒ 16 − 8m + m2 − 1 > 0 24 Using AM > GM, we have ⇒ f (c ) = [for c = 0]
3
⇒ m2 − 8m + 15 > 0 a+
1
>2
a
, b + >2
1 b 1
⇒ (m − 3)(m − 5) > 0 b b c c which lies betwen 0 and .
2 2
⇒ −∞ < m < 3 and 5 < m < ∞ ... (iii) 1 c 1 d
c + >2 and d + > 2 So, Statement II is correct explanation
and f (−2) > 0 d d a a of Statement I.
⇒ 4 + 4m + m2 − 1 > 0  a + 1   b + 1   c + 1   d + 1  > 16
⇒ m2 + 4m + 3 > 0       
 b  c  d  a