Psych Rome Try

Psychrometric Chart &
Processes Basics
Dr. Suvanjan Bhattacharyya

Department of Mechanical Engineering,
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus,
Rajasthan, India.
Introduction
In a day of 24 hours a human being
consumes 1 KG of Solids, 2 KGs of Liquid
and 24 KGs of air.
So, it is important to know the properties of

air & its behavior thoroughly apart from
Refrigeration system.
We will therefore understand properties of

air first
Overview
Controlling the moisture level in the
atmosphere is an important aspect of
maintaining a desirable environment in
buildings.
The psychrometric chart includes lines

which represent all of the physical and
thermal properties of moist air.
Psychometrics: The Properties of Air
Psychometry — the study of air,

temperature and water vapor
relationships
Psychrometric chart — graphical

representation of these relationships
Psychometrics: The Properties of Air
The Composition of Air
 Dry air — 77% nitrogen, 22% oxygen,
0.04% carbon dioxide, 0.96% other gases
 Water vapor — evaporation
 Airborne impurities
 Smoke, dust, pollen, bacteria, etc.

 Particulate matter or gases
Basic Concepts
Adding
moisture
coolin warmin
g g
dryin
g
Saturation Line
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA 210
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury
200
190
180
170
160
150
HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

140
130
120
110
Staturation Line
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

Constant Dry Bulb Temperature
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
200
190
180
Lines of constant dry bulb 170
160
temperature run vertically up the 150

psychrometric chart. The dry 140
130
bulb temperature is what if Constant Dry Bulb Temperature 120
measured by a normal air 110
100
thermometer. 90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Constant Humidity Ratio
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
200
190
The vertical axis represents the water 180
vapor in the air and is commonly 170
160
referred to as the Humidity Ratio. A 150

horizontal line represents a constant 140
130
amount of water vapor in theConstant

air. Humidity Ratio 120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Constant Relative Humidity
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
200
The chart becomes more complex as 190
180
more lines are added. Another essential 170
line is constant relative humidity. The 160
150
primary use of the constant relative

140
humidity line is to identify a point on the

Constant Relative Humidity
130
120
chart. 110
100
90
80
%
90
%
70
80
%
60
70
%
60 50
%
50
40
%
40
30
30%
20
20%
HUMIDITY
LATIVE 10
10% RE
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Constant Specific Volume
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
200
190
15.5
180
170
160
150

140
130
15.0
Constant Specific Volume 120
110
100
90
14.5
80
SPE
CIFIC
70
VOL
U
60
ME
ft³/lb
50
14.0
OF D
RY A
40
IR
30
13.5
20
13.0
10
12.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Constant Wet Bulb Temperature
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
200
85
190
180
85
W
ET
B UL 170
B
TE
80 MP
ER
AT 160
U
The constant wet bulb lines run 80

RE
-°
F
150

diagonally across the chartWeb Bulb Temperature
Constant 75
140
130
75
120
70
110
70
100
65
90
65
60
80
60 70
55
60
50 55
50
45 50
40 40
45
35
40 30
30
35
25
30 20
20
15 25
10 20
5 10
15
10
0 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Constant Enthalpy
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
200
If calculations are to be
190
180
performed on changes in 170
air properties then it is 160
150
important to know the

Constant Enthalpy 140
actual energy in the air 130
120
vapor mixture, the 110
enthalpy. The enthalpy 100
90
lines are close to the 80
web bulb lines and can 70
60
create some confusion. 50
40
30
20
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Constant Enthalpy and Web Bulb
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
200
85
190
180
85
W
ET
BU 170
LB
TE
80 MP
ER
AT 160
URE
-°
F
150
80

Constant Enthalpy 75
140
and 75
130
Constant Web Bulb 70

120
110
70
100
65
90
65
60
80
60 70
55
60
50 55
50
45 50
40 40
45
35
40 30
30
35
25
30 20
20
15 25
10 20
5 10
15
10
0 5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Typical Chart With Enthalpy Lines
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 55 60
210
Lexington, Kentucky USA 1.3
50 200 65
85
85
190 1.2
The resulting chart

180
45 85
W
ET 1.1
B UL 170
B 60
TE
80 MP
ER 80
showing all the lines

AT 160
U RE
40 1.0
-°
F
IR
150
YA
80
DR

OF
is complex, however,
140 .9
75
ND
75 55
F
PO
35
-°
VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

130
ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR

R
E
PE
15.0
TU
U
75 .8
A
BT
remember what is
ER
120
Y-
MP
70
LP
TE
70
HA
N
30
IO
110
EN
.7
AT
50
R
TU
70
important is finding a
SA
100
65
65
.6
90
25
65
14.5
point on the chart.
60
80 60
SPE
90
20 .5
45
CIFIC
%
60 70
55
80
55
VOL
%
.4
U
60
70
15
ME
50 55
50
ft³/lb
%
60
14.0
50
OF D
45 50 45 .3
%
50 40
RY A
10
40 40
45 40
IR
%
35 40
40 30 35 .2
DEW POINT - °F
13.5
30
5 35 30% 30
25
30 20 25
20 20%
15 25 20 .1
13.0
TY
10 20 HUMIDI 35
5 LATIVE 10 10
15 10% RE
10
12.5
5 0
0
-20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
10 15 20 25 30
Typical Chart Without Enthalpy Lines
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 55 60
210
Lexington, Kentucky USA 1.3
50 200 65
85
85
190 1.2
180
45 85
W
ET 1.1
BU 170
LB 60
TE
80 MP
ER 80
AT 160
U RE
40 1.0
-°
F
IR
150
YA
80
DR

OF
140 .9
75
ND
75 55
°F
PO
35
VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

130
ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR

R
RE
PE
15.0
TU
U
.8
A
75
BT
ER
120
Y-
MP
70
TE
AL
70
TH
N
30
TIO
110
EN
.7
RA
50
TU
70
SA
100
65
65
.6
90
25
65
14.5
60
80 60
SPE
90
20 .5
45
CIFIC
%
60 70
55
80
55
VOL
%
.4
U
60
70
15
ME
50 55
50
ft³/lb
%
60
14.0
50
OF D
45 50 45 .3
%
50 40
RY A
10
40 40
45 40
IR
4 0%
35
40 30 35 .2
DEW POINT - °F
13.5
30
5 35 30% 30
25
30 20 25
20 20%
15 25 20 .1
13.0
TY
10 20 HUMIDI 35
5 LATIVE 10 10
15 10% RE
10
12.5
5 0
0
-20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
10 15 20 25 30
Using the psychrometric chart
You have been learning by looking at one line at a time.
Take the psychrometric chart given you. You will notice that it
has many lines. Don’t panic. Find the values.
G
F D
A
E
C B
Breakdown of the Lines
Enthalpy
BTU / lb Dry Relative
Blub Humidity
Dew
Point Grains of
Moisture
Specific
100% Volume Wet
Saturation Blub
Reading a Psychrometric Chart Practice
State Point
Sea Level Chart

Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
State Point 70 F
210
200
190
180
170

160
150
140
130
Constant Dry Bulb Temperature 120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Dry Bulb 70
State Point 60%
The relative humidity lines slope
upward to the right. In this case the
relative humidity is one of the lines.
This state point is where the 70 F
line crosses the 60% RH line. If the
relative humidity is a number like
62%, the location is a estimated
between 60% and 70%.
Wet-bulb
Sea Level Chart

Wet-bulb temperature = ? F
Wet-bulb
Using the state point

as the starting point
the web bulb line is
followed to the
saturation line. The
web bulb temperature
is read using the
scale on the
saturation line.
What does the reading tell you?
A. If the wet bulb temperature is

lower than the dry bulb the air-
vapor mixture is unsaturated.
B. If the wet bulb temperature is
the same as the dry bulb the air-
vapor is saturated.
Dew Point
Sea Level Chart

Dew point = ?
Dew Point
Dew Point
Dew Point
Sea Level Chart

Dew point = 55.5 F

Specific Volume
Sea Level Chart

Specific volume = ?
Specific Volume
Specific Volume
Sea Level Chart

Relative Humidity = 60%
Specific volume = 13.6 ft3 / lb dry air

Humidity Ratio
Sea Level Chart

Humidity ratio = ?
Humidity Ratio
Enthalpy
Sea Level Chart

Enthalpy = ?
Enthalpy
Determining the enthalpy

depends on the
psychrometric chart. This
example is a chart were the
enthalpy lines are not drawn
through the chart. A straight
edge is useful when
determining the enthalpy.
For an estimate the wet bulb
lines could be used.
Enthalpy
Sea Level Chart

Enthalpy = 27.0 Btu / lb dry air

Numerical
The following data refer to an air-conditioning

system:
Unconditioned space DBT: 30oC
Unconditioned space WBT: 22oC
Cold air duct supply surface temperature:
14oC
Determine: (a) Dew point temperature

(b) Whether or not condensation will form on
the duct.
Mixing Air Streams
ma1 Energy Balance

h1
ma1 h1 + ma2 h2 = ma3 h3
w1
ma3
Mass Balance
h3
w3 ma1 w1 + ma2 w2 = ma3 w3
By Algebra
ma2
h2 h2 – h3 = w2 – w3 = ma1
w2 h3 – h1 w3 – w1 ma2
Total Heat
Types of Heat
Sensible Heat Latent Heat

The Heat added or removed without change The Heat added or removed with change in
in moisture content of air is termed as Sensible moisture content of air is termed as Latent
Heat . Heat .
Eg : - Eg : -
Electric Bulb People
Only Heat Addition Heat Addition
No Moisture Addition Moisture Addition
Purely Sensible !! Sensible Heat ( normal body temperature 37 C )
Zero Latent Heat

+
Latent Heat ( Respiration and Perspiration )
Psychrometry
Air-conditioning
Treatment of air so as to simultaneously control its

temperature, moisture content, cleanliness, odor and
circulation, as required by occupants, a process, or
products in the space.
Comfort applications:
– Homes, offices, vehicles, etc.
Industrial applications:
– Chemical and biological laboratories
– Cleanrooms for the production of integrated circuits,
medicines (very high levels of air cleanliness and control of
temperature and humidity are required for the success of the
process).
Introduction
• Psychrometry: A science which investigate the thermal properties of

moist air, consider a measurement and control of moisture content
of air, and studies the effect of atmospheric moisture on material and
human comfort may be termed as Psychometry.
• Dry bulb temperature (td): It is the temperature of air registered by

all ordinary thermometer.
• Wet bulb temperature (tw): It is the temperature registered by a

thermometer when the bulb is covered by a wetted wick and is
exposed to a current of rapidly moving air.
• Dew point temperature (tdp): It is the temperature to which air must

be cooled at constant pressure in order to cause condensation of
water vapour present in air.
The dew point temperature is the temperature at which the air can
no longer "hold" all of the water vapour which is mixed with it, and
some of the water vapour must condense into liquid water.
Introduction
• Pv = partial pressure of water vapour.
• Pvs = partial pressure of water vapour when air is fully saturated.
• Pt = total pressure of moist air.
• Pa = partial pressure of dry air.
• V = volume of mixture.
• Ro = Universal gas constant.
• Ma = molecular weight of air.
• Mv = molecular weight of water vapour.
• Ra = characteristics gas constant for dry air.
• Ra = Ro/Ma = 8.3143/28.97 = 0.287 kJ/kg K
• Rv = characteristics gas constant for water vapour.
• Rv = Ro/Mv = 8.3143/18 = 0.462 kJ/kg K

Introduction
• Sensible heat: The heat added or removed without change in

moisture content of air is termed as sensible heat.
• Latent heat: the heat added or removed with change in moisture

content of air is termed as latent heat.
• Relative humidity (Φ):

Φ = mv/ mvs = (Pv T/Rv T) (Pvs T/Rv T) = Pv / Pvs
It is the ratio of actual mass of water vapour (mv) in a given volume

of moist air to mass of water vapour (mvs) in the same volume of
saturated air at the same temp. and pressure.
Introduction
• Specific humidity or humidity ratio: It is the ratio of the mass of water

vapour per unit mass of dry air in the mixture of vapour and air. It is
generally expressed as grams of water per kg of dry air.
Specific humidity = mass of water vapour/mass of dry air
W = mv/ma
Also, ma = Pa × V/Ra × T
And, mv = Pv × V/Rv × T
W = (Pv × V/Rv × T) × (Ra × T/Pa × V)
Or, W = (Ra/ Rv) × (Pv/Pa)
• Therefore, W = (0.287/0.462) × (Pv/Pa)
• Or, W = 0.622 (Pv/Pt – Pv)

Introduction
• Bypass Factor (BF): It is defined as the ratio of the difference between
the mean surface temperature of the coil and leaving air temperature
to the difference between the mean surface temperature of the coil and
the entering air temperature.
• Example: if air at temperature (td1) passed over a heating coil with an

average surface temperature (td3) and leaves at temperature (td2).
• Hence the BF = (td3 – td2)/(td3 – td1)

Numerical
• 1. Find without using chart, vapour pressure, and specific

humidity of saturated air at a temperature of 32oC.
Take Pt = 1.0312 bar
Numerical
• 2. The atmospheric conditions are 20oC and specific humidity of

0.0095 kg/kg of dry air. Calculate the following without using
chart:
• (i) Partial pressure of vapour.

• (ii) Relative humidity.
Numerical
• 3. The pressure and temperature of air in a room are 1.0132 bar

and 30oC respectively. If the relative humidity is found to be
40%, estimate the partial pressure of water vapour without using
chart.
Numerical
• 4. 0.004 kg of water vapour per kg of atmospheric air is removed

and temperature of air after removing the water vapour becomes
20oC. Determine Relative humidity. Assume that condition of
atmospheric air is 30oC and 55% R.H. and pressure is 1.0132
bar.
Basic Processes in Conditioning of Air
Sensible Cooling
The cooling of air without any change in its specific humidity is known
as sensible cooling.
During this process the humidity ratio of air remains constant but its
temperature decreases.
This can be achieved by bringing the air in contact with a cooling coil
whose surface temperature is lower than DBT, but higher than DPT of
the incoming air.
The heat transfer rate during this process is given by:
Sensible heating
• Sensible heating: The heating of air without any change in its
specific humidity is known as sensible heating.
• During this process the moisture content of air remains

constant and its temperature increase.
• This can be achieved by bringing the air in contact with a

heating coil whose surface temperature is greater than DBT of
the incoming air.
The heat transfer rate during this process is given by:
Numerical:
200 m3 of air per minute at 15oC DBT and 75% RH is

heated until its temperature is 25oC.
Find (i) RH of heated air
(ii) Wet bulb temperature of heated air
(iii) Heat added to air per minute.
Apparatus Dew Point Temperature (ADP)
The effective surface temperature of the cooling coil (Ts) is

known as Apparatus Dew Point Temperature (ADP).
In an ideal situation, when all the air comes in perfect contact

with the cooling coil surface, then the exit temperature of air
will be same as coil ADP.
However, in actual cases the exit temperature of air will

always be greater than the apparatus dew point temperature.
Since no evaporator coil is perfect in terms of heat and mass

transfer, one can defined a Bypass factor (BPF) for the coil as:
Apparatus Dew Point Temperature (ADP)
Thus a smaller BPF indicates a very effective evaporator coil.
The value of BPF depends on the design of the evaporator coil

(e.g., number of rows, fins, pitch, etc.) and also on the velocity of
air.
BPF can be decreased by increasing number of rows or by

reducing fin pitch and air velocity.
Cooling and Humidification
During this process the air temperature drops and its humidity increases.
This can be achieved by spraying cool water in the air stream or by

bringing air in contact with a wet surface.
The temperature of water/wet surface should be lower than the DBT of

air but higher than its dew-point temperature to avoid condensation.
The evaporative coolers and cooling towers are based on this process.
During the cooling and humidification there is sensible heat transfer

from air to water and latent heat transfer from water to air.
The total heat transfer depends upon the water temperature, Tw.
Cooling and Humidification
Heating and Humidification
During winter it is essential to heat and humidify the room

for comfort.
This requires supply of air that is heated and humidified (i.e.

sensible + latent heat transfer).
This is normally done by first sensibly heating the air and

then adding water vapour to the air.
From energy balance the total heat transfer is:
Where mw is the mass of water added and hw is the enthalpy

of water.
Heating and Humidification
Numerical
Heating and Humidification:

Atmospheric air at 15oC DBT and 30% RH passes through a
furnace and through a humidifier in such a way that the final
DBT is 32oC and 40% RH. Determine heat and moisture added to
air. Also, calculate sensible heat transfer factor of the process.
Heating and De-humidification
This process is Heating and De-humidification.
It can be achieved by using a hygroscopic material, which

absorbs the water vapour from the moisture.
This hygroscopic material can be a solid with an affinity for

water vapour such as zeolite or a liquid absorbent.
Heating and De-humidification
Mixing
Mixing of several Air Streams is a common process generally

witnessed in many air-conditioning system.
Where a part of conditioned air is recirculated and mixed with

fresh air.
Let a stream of air having its condition w1, h1, is mixed with
another stream of condition w2, h2.
Mixing
So, as to give the third stream with condition w3, h3.
Let m1, m2 and m3 be the mass flow of the stream per unit time.
Assuming that there is no loss of heat or moisture during the

mixing process. So, we can write:
Energy Balance
ma1 h1 + ma2 h2 = ma3 h3
Mass Balance
ma1 w1 + ma2 w2 = ma3 w3
By Algebra
h2 – h3 = w2 – w3 = ma1
h3 – h1 w3 – w1 ma2
Numerical
Mixing of air streams:

400 m3/min of recirculated at 20oC DBT and 10oC DPT is to be
mixed with 150 m3/min of fresh air at 35oC DBT and 45% RH.
Determine the enthalpy, specific volume, humidity ratio and
dew point temperature of the mixture.
Air Washer
An air washer is a device for conditioning air.
In an air washer air comes in direct contact with a spray of water

leading to an exchange of heat and mass between air and water.
The outlet condition of air depends upon the temperature of water

sprayed in the air washer.
Hence, by controlling the water temperature externally, it is possible to

control the outlet conditions of air.
Thus an air washer can be used for both summer and winter air
conditioning purpose.
Air Washer
Air Washer
For example: in an air washer one can achieve:
a) Cooling and dehumidification: Since there is a transfer of enthalpy from air to

water, water has to be externally cooled. Here both latent and sensible heat
transfers are from air to water.
b) Heating and humidification: Here both sensible and latent heat transfers are from
water to air. Hence, water has to be heated externally.
c) Cooling and humidification: Here the sensible heat transfer is from air to water
and latent heat transfer is from water to air, but the total heat transfer is from
water to air, hence, water has to be heated externally.
Cooling and Dehumidification
The process is generally used in summer air-

conditioning to cool and dehumidify the air.
When moist air is cooled below its dew point by brining

it in contact with a cold surface, some of the water
vapour in the air condenses and leaves the air stream.
As a result both temperature and humidity ratio of air

decreases.
Although the actual process path will vary depending

upon the type of cold surface, the surface temperature
and flow condition, for simplicity the process line is
assumed to a straight line.
Numerical
Saturated air at 19oC is passed through a drier so that its final

relative humidity is 25%. The drier uses Silica gel absorbent. The
air is then passed through a cooler until its final temperature is
19oC DBT without change in specific humidity. Determine the
following:
(i) Temperature of air at the end of the drying process
(ii) Heat rejected during the cooling process
(iii) Relative humidity at the end of cooling process
(iv) Dew point temperature at the end of the drying process
(v) Moisture removed during the drying process
Selection of outdoor design conditions
• The ambient temperature and moisture content vary from hour to

hour and from day to day and from place to place.
• For most of the major locations of the world, meteorological data are
available in the form of mean daily or monthly maximum and
minimum temperature and corresponding relative humidity or wet
bulb temperature.
• Selection of the worst possible conditions lead to excessively large

cooling/heating equipment as worst conditions prevail for only a few
hours in an year.
• Outdoor design conditions for summer are chosen based on the

values of dry bulb and mean wet bulb temperature that is equalled
or exceeded 1.0, 2.5, 5% of total hours from June to September (2928
hours).
Numerical
250 m3/min of air at atmospheric conditions 32oC DBT and 50%

RH is supplied to an air-conditioned hall. The required
conditions are 18oC DBT and 60% RH. Determine:
(i) Sensible heat and latent heat removed from the air per
minute,
(ii) Sensible heat factor for the system
Numerical
It is required to design an air-conditioning plant for a small

office room for following winter conditions”
Outdoor condition: 12oC DBT, 10oC WBT
Required condition: 20oC, 60% RH
Amount of air circulation: 0.30 m3/min/person
Seating capacity of office: 60
The required condition is achieved first by heating and then by
adiabatic humidification.
Determine: Heating capacity of the coil in kJ/min and the
surface temperature required if the bypass factor of coil is 0.4.
Numerical
Cooling and De-humidification:

Air at 32oC DBT and 20oC WBT is passed through a cooling coil
maintained at 5oC. The heat extracted by the cooling coil from
air is 14 kW and air-flow rate is 42.5 m3/min. Determine
(i) DBT and WBT of the air leaving the coil, and
(ii) Coil by-pass factor.
Take the enthalpy of the exit air is 40.3 kJ/kg.
Numerical
Cooling and humidification:

180 m3 of air having inlet condition 40oC DBT, 15% RH and outlet
condition 25oC DBT and 20oC WBT is passed through an
adiabatic humidifier. Find the following:
(i) Dew point temperature, and
(ii) Amount of water vapour added to the air per minute.
Thank You

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Psychrometric Chart &

Dr. Suvanjan Bhattacharyya

So, it is important to know the properties of

We will therefore understand properties of

The psychrometric chart includes lines

Psychometry — the study of air,

Psychrometric chart — graphical

 Smoke, dust, pollen, bacteria, etc.

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

Lines of constant dry bulb 170

temperature run vertically up the 150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

bulb temperature is what if Constant Dry Bulb Temperature 120

measured by a normal air 110

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

The vertical axis represents the water 180

vapor in the air and is commonly 170

referred to as the Humidity Ratio. A 150

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

amount of water vapor in theConstant

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Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

The chart becomes more complex as 190

more lines are added. Another essential 170

line is constant relative humidity. The 160

primary use of the constant relative

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

humidity line is to identify a point on the

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Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

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Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

The constant wet bulb lines run 80

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

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Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

performed on changes in 170

air properties then it is 160

important to know the

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

actual energy in the air 130

vapor mixture, the 110

enthalpy. The enthalpy 100

lines are close to the 80

web bulb lines and can 70

create some confusion. 50

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Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Constant Web Bulb 70

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Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

The resulting chart

showing all the lines

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - °F

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR