2.

0 NATURAL ENVIROMENTS

Malaysia is renowned for its rich and varied natural environment, which includes a wide range of
flora, fauna, and ecosystems. The following are some salient features of Malaysia's environment:

1. rain forest: Situated in the states of Sabah and Sarawak on the island of Borneo, Malaysia is home
to one of the oldest rainforests in the world. These rainforests support a vast variety of plant and
animal species and are exceptionally biodiverse.

2. Biodiversity: Being home to a large number of endemic species, Malaysia is regarded as one of the
world's megadiverse nations. The fauna of the nation is varied and includes many kinds of birds,
reptiles, amphibians, and mammals.

3. Mountains and Highlands: The nation is home to a number of mountainous areas, with Sabah's
Mount Kinabalu standing as Southeast Asia's highest peak. The highlands, which include the
Cameron Highlands, are significant agricultural regions and are renowned for their chilly climate.

4. Coral Reefs: There are large coral reef systems in Malaysia, especially on the islands of Sipadan and
Tioman. Divers and snorkelers like visiting these coral reefs because they sustain a varied marine life.

5. Mangrove Forests: Malaysia's coastline is home to large mangrove forests, which are vital habitats
for a variety of species. These places assist prevent erosion in coastal areas and act as nurseries for a
variety of marine organisms.

6. Lakes and Rivers: Malaysia is home to a vast network of lakes and rivers, which includes the Rajang
and Kinabatangan. These bodies of water are essential to human activity and the environment.

7. Plant Diversity: The Malaysian rainforests are renowned for their extraordinary variety of plants,
which includes a wide range of tropical hardwoods, orchids, and other unusual plant species.

However, there are a number of issues facing Malaysia's natural environment, such as habitat loss,
deforestation, and risks to biodiversity. In order to solve these problems and preserve the nation's
natural beauty for upcoming generations, conservation initiatives are being made.
7.0 Malaysia's Embrace of Globalization in International Business

Malaysia's strategic embrace of globalization has helped it become a major player in

worldwide industry. The nation's economic environment has been significantly shaped by this
phenomena, which has also affected foreign investment, commerce, and general market integration.

Export-oriented Growth: Malaysia has long embraced an export-led development approach,

taking advantage of its comparative advantage in labour costs and wealth of resources to draw in
foreign investment in the manufacturing sector. Exports increased as a result, especially of processed
foods, electronics, and chemicals.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) : Malaysia actively courted foreign investors by establishing free trde
zones and offering tax incentives. This resulted in a significant inflow of FDI, which played a crucial
role in developing the country’s infrastructure, technology, and skills.
FREE INDUSTRY ZONE

 the malaysia free industrial zone (FIZ) is primarily for businesses that manufacture goods for
exports. A company that wishes to set up in a FIZ in malaysia must export at least 80% of its
output and raw materials unless it has received approval from the ministry of international
trade and industry to reduce its export requirement to 60%.
 Benefits of free trade zone in malaysia FIZ include duty-free imports of specific raw materials
and equipment, as well as exemption from sales tax, excise tax and GST for these items.
Generally, machinery and raw materials that are not directly used in the manufacturing
process will not qualify for exemption of taxes.
 Since malaysia FIZs are treated as areas outside the country, any goods transported out of
the FIZ and into other regions of malaysia will be consider as important into the country and
are subjected to the relevents customs duty and sales tax in malaysia. Some of the more
popular FIZs in malaysia includes the BAYAN LEPAS free industrial zone and PASIR GUDANG
free industrial zone.

MALAYSIA FREE COMMERCIAL ZONES

 Like FIZs, FCZs in malaysia are governed and regulated by the free zones act 1990 and free
zones regulations 1991, respectively. FCZs are created with the purpose of promoting
business and trading activities in malaysia through entrepot trade and pro-business policies.
 Most FCZs in malaysia are located near ports to facilitate the transport of goods and
products. Similar to FIZs, FCZs are exempted from custom duties, sales tax and service tax for
all imports that are re-exported or re-packaged for sale to other consumers.
 Businesses that set up in FCZs typically enjoy the same benefits as those that set up in FIZs.
However, the nature of business activities carried out in a FCZ differs from those carried out
in a FIZs. While FIZ focuses on the manufacturing of goods and other industrial activities, FCZ
focuses on the trading and transportation of goods to other locations. Some of the more
popular FCZ in malaysia includes the port of TANJUNG PELEPAS free zone, PORT KLANG free
zone and the digital free trade zone.
 Regional Trade Agreements: Malaysia actively participates in regional trade agreements like
the ASEAM free trade (AFTA) and the comprehensive and progressive Trans-pacific
Partnership (CPPTPP). These agreements have facilities greater trade flows and market
accsess for Malaysian businesses.

Positive Impacts Of Globalization:

 Economic Growth : Globalization has fueled malaysia’s economic growth, leading to rising
incomes, poverty reduction, and improved living standards.
 Job Creation : foreign investment and export expansion have created millions of jobs in
various sectors, boosting employment and economic activity.
 Technological Advancement : Exposure to international markets and collaboration with
foreign companies have accelerated technology transfer and innovation in malaysia.
 Increased competitiveness : By participating in global value chains and adopting
international best practices, Malaysian businesses have become more competitive in the
global market.

Challenges of Globalization:

 Income Inequality: The benefits of globalization haven’t been evenly distributed,

leading to concerns about rising income inequality and social disparities.
 Environmental degradation: Rapid industrialization and resource extraction have put
pressure on the environment, raising concerns about sustainability.
 Dependence on foreign investment: Reliance on foreign capital can make the economy
vulnerable to external shocks and currency fluctuations.
 Erosion of cultural identity: Some argue that globalization can lead to the
homogenization of cultures and the loss of loss traditions.
All things considered, globalisation has had a significant impact on Malaysia's foreign
business environment, bringing with it both opportunities and challenges. Through strategic
utilisation of globalization's advantages and mitigation of its disadvantages, Malaysia can
sustain its prosperity within the global economy.
 2.0 natural environment
In South America, the nature offerings are varied and vast. You can find different
ecosystems, landscapes, and life forms. It's the place of the Amazon Rainforest, the
Andes Mountains, large grasslands, deserts, and distinct coastlines. Below, learn
more about South America's environment:

About the Amazon Rainforest:

 Known as our planet's "great breath," the Amazon Rainforest leads as the
globe's biggest tropical forest. Covering different territories, such as Brazil,
Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, and French
Guiana, it's a sheer spectacle.
 The stunning biodiversity is a unique characteristic of the Amazon. A home to
numerous distinct plant and animal species, it boasts creatures you won't
spot elsewhere.
 Its significant river system, with the Amazon River included, ranks second
longest globally. This system is integral to the local environment system.

About Andes Mountains:

1. Spanning seven countries in South America, namely Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador,

Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina, the Andes holds the title as the world's longest
mountain range.
2. Among its high-altitude landscapes, it's home to diverse ecosystems: there's cloud
forests, grasslands. It even has plants and animals adapted perfectly to tough
surroundings.
Atacama Desert:

1. You'll find the Atacama Desert up north in Chile. It's dry, one of the driest places on
our planet. It brims with unique beauty. Think salt flats, sandy dunes, and rocky
landscapes.
2. Even with toughness, life thrives here. Special plants and animals call the arid
Atacama their home.
Pampas:
The Pampas is a broad fertile plain that extends across Argentina, Uruguay and
southern Brazil. It is a grassland area and an important agricultural region.
Many different kinds of animals make their home on the Pampas, including rhea
(giant flightless birds) and various types of rodents.

Gran Chaco:

The Gran Chaco is a great plain that stretches over parts of Argentina, Paraguay,
Bolivia and Brazil. The various types of ecosystem include dry forests, wetlands and
savannas.
The area is populated by a number of different animal species, including jaguars and
capybaras as well s several bird-types.

Coastal Regions:

South America's extensive coastline runs all the way from Brazil 'beaches to Peru ’ s
cliffs. Mangroves, estuaries, and various marine life are examples of coastal
ecosystems.
The Humboldt Current is a cold ocean current off the west coast, whose influence
enhances marine biodiversity in the Pacific Ocean south of South America.

A Beautiful Country with Tough Environments: This stunning yet troubled land battles
issues like dirty water from farming, homes disappearing from land changes, and
new creatures that cause harm.
 The ecological significance of South America's natural environment is not its
only value, as it also has a cultural and economic importance. These varied
landscapes and ecosystems form an important part of the region's identity, while
many people rely on them for their livelihood. But these ecosystems also encounter a
variety of environmental challenges, including deforestation and habitat loss. In
addition to the effects of climate change on such natural systems as lakes or rivers in
response to unreasonable global emissions, conservation efforts are needed for
them all.
7.0 south america's Embrace of Globalization in International Business

Economic Integration:

Mercosur (Southern Common Market): Mercosur is a regional trade bloc

representing Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay (although Venezuela's
membership in the group was temporarily suspended). It seeks to increase free trade
and economic cooperation among its member countries. Mercosur has enabled
larger flows of trade and investment across borders in the region.

Pacific Alliance: Not restricted to South America, the Pacific Alliance includes two
countries in that region-Chile and Peru. This bloc concerns itself with economic
integration, free trade and cooperation. It opens the door for member countries to
enter Asia-Pacific, and strengthens economic linkages beyond the region.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):

Brazil: Brazil has received large amounts of foreign direct investment. The investment
of multinational corporations has spanned agriculture, energy, and manufacturing
industries. The result has been economic growth, but it's also raised questions about
environmental sustainability and social fairness.

Cultural Exchange:

Media and Entertainment: South American cultures have been gaining global
visibility through music, film and television. For instance, samba and bossa nova are
Brazilian music genres that have become internationally familiar. Furthermore,
Brazilian and Mexican telenovelas (soap operas) have garnered audiences around the
world.

Technology and Communication:

Telecommunications: The development of telecommunications networks has brought

South America into relationship with the rest of the world. This interconnectivity has
made possible business-to-business communication, information exchange and
growth of the digital economy.

Environmental Challenges:

Deforestation in the Amazon: The Amazon rainforest, in particular Brazil has felt the
impact of global demand for agricultural produce. This is a complex manifestation of
internationalization, including global markets and supply chains as well as
environmental policies.
Labor Mobility:

Remittances: Migration both inside and outside South America has grown,
generating remittances back to home countries. For example, countries such as
Ecuador and Peru receive massive remittances from their overseas diaspora--much of
it flowing into North America and Europe.
Political Cooperation:

United Nations (UN) Participation: Noting that the countries of South America are
actively involved in international organizations such as the United Nations, they put
effort into their own high-level diplomacy and bring issues like climate change,
human rights or peacekeeping to a global level for discussion.

However, when globalization creates opportunities in terms of economics, cultural

exchange and technology developments it also brings with them problems regarding
inequality; environmental sustainability or even culture itself. Globalization imposes a
different impact in each nation of South America, and every one reacts to these
changes according to its own temperament.