SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 6.

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
1

WELCOME
STAR 'QR CODE'

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DIGITAL MATERIAL

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T' RATIOS -INDEX
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1) Introduction Page to T'Ratios 02

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2) Additional Q's on T'Ratios 03 - 04

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3) Introduction Page to Compound Angles 05

4) Additional Q's on Compound Angles 06 - 07

5) Introduction Page to Multiple Angles 08

6) Introduction Page to Transformations 09

7) Additional Q's on Transformations 10 - 11

8) Introduction Page to Maxima & Minima 12

6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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6.1.TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

1. INTRODUCTION PAGE
Sections No. of periods Weightage in IPE
(6) [1x2 = 2]
1. Trigonometric Ratios 6 2 Marks

The name ‘Trigonometry’ is derived from three Greek words viz., ‘tri’, ‘gon’,
‘metry’ . ‘Tri’ means ‘three’, ‘gon’ means ‘sides’ and ‘metry’ means ‘measure’. Thus,

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trigonometry is a branch of Mathematics which deals with the measurement of sides

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and angles of a triangle.

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Trigonometry has a wide scope of applications in various branches of science
and engineering. Engineers use trigonometry for (i) finding the heights and distances

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of inaccessible objects (ii) surveying of land scapes. Astronomers and Navigators

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use it for the computations of Latitude, Longitude. It has got an important role, in
the study of all sorts of ibrating phenomina-sound, light, flow of electricity. Geometry,

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Calculus, Vector Algebra are also mingled with the concepts of Trigonometry to some
extent.
The six trigonometric ratios (functions of q) sinq, cosq, tanq, cscq, secq,
cotq connect the sides of a right angled triangle with the angle q. These trigonometric
functions are interrelated in a variety of important ways. The part of the trigonometry
which deals with various types of relations, formulae,problems of these trigonometic
ratios is called analytical trigonometry (goniometry).
The basic concepts of trigonometry are already introduced in the lower classes.
Hence, we made a move in the first section to recapitulate the basic concepts.
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
3

2. ADDITIONAL Q'S ON T'RATIOS


sin(3  $ FRV §¨ A  ·¸ WDQ §¨ ·
 A¸
1. Prove that © 2¹ © 2 ¹ = cos4 A
§ 13 · § ·
cosec ¨ + A ¸ sec(3  $ FRW ¨ A  ¸
© 2 ¹ © 2¹
Sol: sin(3p–A)=sin(2p+p–A)=sin(p–A)=sinA;
§ S· §S · § 3S ·
cos ¨ A  ¸ cos ¨  A ¸ sin A ; tan ¨  A¸ cot A
© 2¹ ©2 ¹ © 2 ¹
13S § 12 S  S S §S
cos ec ¨§ ·
 A ¸ cos ec ¨
· § · ·
 A ¸ csc ¨ 6 S   A ¸ csc ¨  A ¸  sec A
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹ ©2 ¹
sec(3p+A)=sec(2p+p+A)=sec(p+A)= –secA
§ S· §S ·
cot ¨ A  ¸  cot ¨  A ¸  tan $
© 2¹ ©2 ¹

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§ cos A ·

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2 sin 2 A ¨ ¸
? G.E
(sin A)(sin A)(cot A) sin A cot A © sin A ¹ cos A
cos 4 A
(sec A)( sec A)(  tan A) (sec2 A)(tan A) § 1 · § sin A · § 1 ·
¨ ¸¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
© cos2 A ¹ © cos A ¹ © cos3 A ¹

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––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

sin §¨ 
11 · §  · sec §  ·
¸ ¨ ¸

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¸ tan ¨
2. Simplify © 3 ¹ © 6 ¹ © 3 ¹
 · cos § 17 ·
cos ¨ ¸ cosec §¨
§ 5 ·
¸ ¨ ¸

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© ¹4 © 4 ¹ © 6 ¹

§ 11S · 11S ª 12 S  S º ª Sº S 3
Sol: sin ¨  ¸  sin  sin «  sin « 4 S  » sin
¬ 3 ¼»

S
© 3 ¹ 3 ¬ 3¼ 3 2

§ 35S · ª 36 S  S º ª Sº S 1
tan ¨ ¸ tan « tan « 6 S  »  tan 
© 6 ¹ ¬ 6 ¼» ¬ 6¼ 6 3
§ 7S · § 7S · ª 6S  S º ª Sº S
sec ¨ ¸ sec ¨ ¸ sec « » sec « 2 S  » sec 2
© 3 ¹ © 3 ¹ ¬ 3 ¼ ¬ 3¼ 3

5S 4S  S º S S
cos §¨ ·¸ cos «ª cos «ª S  »º
1
 cos 
© 4 ¹ ¬ 4 »¼ ¬ 4¼ 4 2

7S 8S  S º S S
cos ec §¨ ·¸ cos ec ª« cos ec ª« 2 S  º»  cos ec  2
© 4 ¹ ¬ 4 ¼» ¬ 4¼ 4

§ 17S · ª18S  S º ª Sº § S· § S· S 3
cos ¨ ¸ cos « cos «3S  » cos ¨ 2 S  S  ¸ cos ¨ S  ¸  cos 
© 6 ¹ ¬ 6 »¼ ¬ 6¼ © 6¹ © 6¹ 6 2

§ 3 ·§ 1 ·
11S · § 35S · sec § 7S ·
sin §¨  ¸ ta n ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
¨¨ ¸¸ ¨ 
© 3
¸ (2 )
¹
© 3 ¹ © 6 ¹ © 3 ¹ © 2 ¹ 
2
? G.E
5S 7S 17S · § 1 · § 3·
cos §¨ ·¸ cos ec §¨ ·¸ cos §¨
3
¸ ¨ ¸ 2 ¨ ¸
© 4 ¹ © 4 ¹ © 6 ¹ © 2 ¹ © 2 ¹
6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
4

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3. If cos A = cosB =  and A does not lie in the second quadrant and B does not lie
2
4sinB  3tanA
in the third quadrant, then find the value of
tanB + sinA

Sol: Given cosA is negative and A does not lie in Q2 Þ A lies in Q3

Given cosB is negative and B does not lie in Q3 Þ B lies in Q2

1
Now, cos A  Þ A=120º, 240º. But A lies in Q3 \A = 240º
2
1
Also cos B  Þ B=120º, 240º. But B lies in Q2 \ B = 120º
2
4sin B  3tan A 4sin120º 3tan 240º 4sin(180º 60º )  3tan(180º 60º )
Now

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tan B  sin A tan120º  sin 240º tan(180º 60º )  sin(180º 60º )

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§ 3· 4 3 6 3
4¨ ¸3 3
4sin 60º 3tan 60º © 2 ¹ 4 3 6 3

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2 2 3 2
 tan 60º ( sin 60º ) =  3
3 2 3  3 2 3  3 3 3 3
2 2

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4. If 8 tanA= –15 and 25 sinB= –7 and neither A nor B is in the fourth quadrant, then
304

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show that sinAcosB+cosA sinB =
425

Sol: Given 8 tanA = –15 Þ tanA is negative . But A is not in Q4. \ AÎQ2

Given 25 sinB = –7 Þ sinB is negative . But B is not in Q4. \ BÎQ3

15 15 8
Now, 8 tan A = –15Þ tan A Þ sin A , cos A
8 17 17

7 24
Also, 25 sin B = –7Þ sin B  Þ cos B
25 25

§ 15 ·§ 24 · § 8 ·§ 7 · 360 56 304

\ sinA cosB+ cosA sinB = ¨ ¸¨ ¸  ¨ ¸¨ ¸ =  
© 17 ¹© 25 ¹ © 17 ¹© 25 ¹ 425 425 425
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
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6.2 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS

OF COMPOUND ANGLES

3. INTRODUCTION PAGE

Sections No. of periods Weightage in IPE

(6) [1x2 or 1x4]

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1. Trigonometric Ratios of Compound 6 2 or 4 Marks

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Angles

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The algebraic sum of two or more angles is called a compound
angle. If A,B,C are angles, then the angles A+B, A–B, A+B+C, A–B+C

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etc., are all compound angles. We have to note that, in general,
sin(A+B)¹sinA+sinB. Hence, certain standard formulae are derived in

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order to find the Trigonometric ratios of compound angles like sin(A±B),
cos(A±B), tan(A±B), cot(A±B).We know the values of Trigonometric
ratios for 45o and 30o and the algebraic sum of these angles give 75o and
15 o and the values of Trigonometric ratios for these angles can be
determined using sin(A+B), cos(A-B) etc., Certain useful conditional
identities can be derived using the formulae on compound angles.
eg: In DABC, tanA+tanB+tanC=tanAtanBtanC.
6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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4. ADDITIONAL Q'S ON COMPOUND ANGLES

Prove that cos 2  FRV 2 §¨ 2 + ·¸  FRV 2 §¨   ·¸

3
1.
© 3 ¹ © 3 ¹ 2

Sol: § S · 2 § S ·
L.H.S. cos2 T  cos2 ¨  T ¸  cos ¨  T¸
© 3 ¹ © 3 ¹

§ S · ª § S ·º
cos 2 T  cos 2 ¨  T ¸  «1  sin 2 ¨  T ¸»
© 3 ¹ ¬ © 3 ¹¼

§ S · § S ·
1  cos2 T  cos2 ¨  T ¸  sin 2 ¨  T¸

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© 3 ¹ © 3 ¹

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§ S S · § S S ·
1  cos 2 T  cos ¨  T   T ¸ .cos ¨ T  T¸ ª¬' cos 2 A  sin 2 B cos(A  B) cos(A  B) º¼
© 3 3 ¹ © 3 3 ¹

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S 1
1  cos2 T  cos .cos 2T 1  cos2 T  cos 2T
3 2

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§ 1  cos 2T · 1 1 1 1 1 3

T
1 ¨ ¸  cos 2T 1   cos 2 T  cos 2T 1 = R.H.S.
© 2 ¹ 2 2 2 2 2 2

NOTE: This can be done 'same as' in the class work model problem.

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–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
2. Express tanq in terms of tana, if sin(q+a) = cos(q+a).
Sol: Given sin(q+a) = cos(q+a)Þsinq cosa+cosq sina=cosq cosa–sinqsina

sin T cos D cos T sin D cos T cos D sin T sin D

Dividing by cosq cosa we have,  = 
cos T cos D cos T cos D cos T cos D cos T cos D
Þ tan T  tan D 1  tan T tan D Þ tan T  tan T tan D 1  tan D

1  tan D
Þ tan T(1  tan D) 1  tan D Þ tan T
1  tan D
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
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12 3
3. If sinA = , cosB = and neither A nor B is in the first quadrant, then find the
13 5
quadrant in which A+B lies.

Sol: Given sin A is positive. But A doesnot belongs to Q1 . \ AÎQ2

Also, cos B is positive. But B doesnot belongs to Q1 . \ BÎQ4

12 5
Now sin A and A belongs to Q2 Ÿ cos A
13 13

3 4
Also, cos B and B belongs to Q4 Ÿ sin B
5 5

§ 12 · § 3 · § 5 · § 4 · 36  20 56
Now consider sin(A  B) sin A cos B  cos A sin B ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸  ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸
© 13 ¹ © 5 ¹ © 13 ¹ © 5 ¹ 65 65

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5 3 · § 12 ·§ 4 · 15  48
Also cos(A  B) cos A cos B  sin A sin B §¨ ·§
33

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¸¨ ¸  ¨ ¸¨ ¸
© 13 ¹© 5 ¹ © 13 ¹© 5 ¹ 65 65
Thus sin(A+B), cos(A+B) both are positive. Hence we conclude that A+B lies in Q1.

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Here it is interesting to observe that neither A nor B lies in Q1 but A+B lies in Q1.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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7 4
4. If tan (  and tan , where a and b are in the first quadrant prove that a+b=p/2

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24 3

S S §S · 3 § 4·
Sol : Claim: D  E

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ŸE  D Ÿ tan E tan ¨  D ¸ cot D ¨' tan D ¸
2 2 © 2 ¹ 4 © 3¹

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We have to prove that tan E
4 4

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tan D  tan(D  E) 3 24 4(24)  7(3) 96  21 75 3
Now, tanb = tan (a–(a–b))= = 1 4 § 7 · 3(24)  4(7) 72  28 100
1  tan D.tan(D  E) ¨ ¸ 4
3 © 24 ¹
6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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6.3 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF

MULTIPLE ANGLES
AND
SUBMULTIPLE ANGLES

5. INTRODUCTION PAGE

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Sections No. of periods Weightage in IPE
(6) [1x2 or 1x4]

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1. Trigonometric Ratios of Multiple 6 2 or 4 Marks
Angles and Submultiple Angles.

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If A is any angle, then 2A, 3A etc., are called Multiple Angles of A and

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A/2, A/3 etc., are called Submultiple Angles of A. The formulae on multiple angles

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like sin2A, cos2A are very much useful in various parts of Trigonometry.

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This chapter contains some power reduction formulae like
  EQU#   EQU#
UKP  #  EQU  # , which are useful to determine the
 
periodicity, Maximum and Minimum values of certain Trigonometric
functions. In this chapter, we determine the value of sin18o and hence
followingly the values of sin36o, sin54o, sin72o, cos18o, cos36o etc., be
determined. .
The inter relations such as
§ ·   VCPZ EQUZ  UKPZ   UKPZ   UKPZ
VCP¨  Z ¸ UGEZ  VCPZ are
© ¹   VCPZ EQUZ  UKPZ EQUZ   UKPZ
useful in the chapter "derivatives" of calculus.
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
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6.4.TRANSFORMATIONS

6. INTRODUCTION PAGE

Sections No. of periods Weightage in IPE

(6) [1x7=7]
1. Transformations 6 7 Marks

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Some times, we need to transform the sum of two Trigonometric
functions of certain combinations into corresponding single product and

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vice versa. Then, we use the formulae which transform 'sum to product'
and ‘product to sum'.

formulae on Transformations.

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Various types of conditional identities are established using the

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6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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7. ADDITIONAL Q'S ON TRANSFORMATIONS

1. If tan(A+B)=ltan(A–B), then show that (l+1)sin2B=(l–1)sin2A

O tan(A  B)
Sol: Given that tan(A+B)=ltan(A–B) Ÿ Apply Componendo & Dividendo rule
1 tan(A  B)

sin(A  B) sin(A  B)

O 1 tan(A  B)  tan(A  B) O 1 cos(A  B) cos(A  B)
Ÿ Ÿ
O 1 tan(A  B)  tan(A  B) O 1 sin(A  B) sin(A  B)

cos(A  B) cos(A  B)

O 1 sin(A  B)cos(A  B)  cos(A  B)sin(A  B)

Ÿ

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O 1 sin(A  B)cos(A  B)  cos(A  B)sin(A  B)

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O 1 sin[(A  B)  (A  B)] O  1 sin(2A)
Ÿ Ÿ
O 1 sin[(A  B)  (A  B)] O 1 sin(2B)
Ÿ (O  1)sin 2 B (O  1)sin(2 A)

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–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

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§ 2 · §  ·
2. If x,y,z are non zero real numbers and if xcos \FRV ¨  ¸ ]FRV ¨  ¸ for
© 3 ¹ © 3 ¹

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same qÎR, then show that xy + yz + zx=0
§ 2S · § 4S ·

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Sol: Given x cos T y cos ¨ T  ¸ z cos ¨ T  ¸
© 3 ¹ © 3 ¹
2S · 4S ·
cos §¨ T  ¸ cos §¨ T  ¸
cos T © 3 ¹ © 3 ¹ 1
Ÿ (say), k z 0
1/ x 1/ y 1/ z k

1 1 1 ª § 2S · § 4S · º
Ÿ   k « cos T  cos ¨ T  ¸  cos ¨ T  ¸
x y z ¬ © 3 ¹ © 3 ¹ »¼

ª § 4S · § 6S  2S · § 2S · § 2S · º
«' cos ¨© 3  T ¸¹ cos ¨© 3  T ¸¹ cos ¨© 2S  T  3 ¸¹ cos ¨© T  3 ¸¹»
¬ ¼

ª § 2S · § 2S ·º
k « cos T  cos ¨ T  ¸  cos ¨ T  ¸ >'cos(A  B)  cos(A  B) formula @
¬ © 3 ¹ © 3 ¹ »¼

ª 2S º § 1 · ª 2S 1º
k « cos T  2 cos T cos » k[cos T 2 cos T¨ ¸] k[cos T cos T] 0 «¬'cos 3 cos120º 2 »¼
¬ 3 ¼ ©2¹

1 1 1 yz  xz  xy
?   0Ÿ 0 Ÿ xy  yz  zx 0
x y z xyz
SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q 6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
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3. If sinA = sinB and cosA = cosB, then prove that A=2np+B for some integer n.

Sol: Given sinA = sinB and cosA = cos B Ÿ sin A  sin B 0 and cos A  cos B 0

§AB· §AB·
Ÿ 2 cos ¨ ¸ sin ¨ ¸ 0...............(1) [Use sinC–sinD formula]
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

' cos A  cos B 0

AB· § AB·
Þ 2 sin §¨ ¸ sin ¨ ¸ 0...............(2) [Use cosC–cosD formula]
© 2 ¹ © 2 ¹

§AB· AB
From (1) and (2) Ÿ sin ¨ ¸ 0Ÿ nS [' sin T 0 Ÿ T nS, n  Z]
© 2 ¹ 2

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Ÿ A  B 2 nS Ÿ A 2 nS  B, (n  Z)

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–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

§ · § · 4cos2A

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4. Prove that cot ¨  A ¸ + tan ¨ + A ¸ = .
©2 ¹ © 12 ¹ 1  2sin2A

A
S ª 5S º
When neither ª« A  º» nor «¬ A  12 »¼ is an integral multiple of p.
¬ 12 ¼

Sol: L.H.S=cot(15º–A)+tan(15º+A)

cos(15º A) sin(15º  A)


sin(15º A) cos(15º  A)
S T cos(15º A) cos(15º  A)  sin(15º A)sin(15º  A)
sin(15º A) cos(15º  A)

cos[(15º A)  (15º A)] 2 cos(2A)

1 sin(15º A  15º A)  sin(15º A  15º A)
>2 sin(15º A)cos(15º A)@
2

2 cos(2 A) 2 cos 2 A 4 cos 2 A

R.H.S
sin 30 º  sin(2 A) 1
 sin 2 A 1  2 sin 2 A
2
6. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS SOLUTIONS FOR QR Q
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6.5.MAXIMA & MINIMA, PERIODICITY & GRAPHS

Sections No. of periods Weightage in IPE

(6) [1x2=2]
1. Maxima & Minima, Periodicity & Graphs 6 2 Marks

8. INTRODUCTION PAGE
For any real value of x, the maximum value of sinx or cosx is 1 and their minimum
value is -1. Such values are also known as extreme values. When the expression is of

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the form acosx+bsinx, then its maximum value is proved to be C   D  and minimum

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value is  C   D  . We can find the extreme values of Trigonometric expressions which
can be reduced into the form acosx+bsinx. While determining the values of maxima /

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minima, occasionally, we use the power reducing formulae like
  EQUZ   EQUZ   
UKP  Z  EQU  Z  UKP Z UKPZ  UKPZ  EQU  Z EQUZ  EQUZ .

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Any phenomenon, that occurs in regular intervals is said to exhibit the
periodic property. Periodicity is one of the characteristic properties of trigonometric

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functions. The period of sinx is 2p . That means, the value of sinx does not change for
any x with the addition of 2p to that x. i.e, sin(x+2p)=sinx. Similarly, the remaining

Trigonometric functions also exhibit this nature. The period of sinkx, coskx is .
^M^
The period of tankx is . We can find the period of any trigonometric function that can be
^M^
reduced to the form sinkx, coskx, tankx etc.,

Every trigonometric ratio is basically a relation between an angle and a

corresponding real value. Hence all the trigonometric ratios are all real functions.
Therefore each trigonometric function can be expressed by means of Graphs. The
graph of trigonometric functions are useful to understand and study various properties
like domain, range, "one one ness", "onto ness", periodicity, maxima and minima,
continuity etc.,