Hydronephrosis:- is swelling of one or both kidneys.

Kidney
occurs when damaged muscle tissue releases its swelling happens when urine can't drain from a kidney and builds
proteins and electrolytes into the blood. These up in the kidney as a result.This can occur from a blockage in the
substances can damage the heart and kidneys and tubes that drain urine from the kidneys (ureters) or from an
cause permanent disability or even death. anatomical defect that doesn't allow urine to drain properly INTRA RENAL AKI ----- RED

creatinin

urea

creatinine

(urine out put)

creatinine
multible myloma
swelling kidney
will be leaky of the bld vessel
bcz of protease so loose water
bilateral effect ultrasound

aminoglycoside
hemoglobin
myoglobin

(anti-viral)

bence jones protine

urine analysis
fraction secretion of NA
electrolytes

mean arterial
bld pressure
effictive arterial blood
volume acute interstial
make damege to the decrease nepthritis
p.glomular tuble acute tublar necrosis

benign prostatic hyperplasia

kidney lesion that typically causes a decline in kidney function and
is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate in the kidney
interstitium
Drugs systemic lopus
erthramotus

complication
bld volume protone pump inhibtore

(increase contractility)
discontinued

arterial fibrlation
glomerulonephritis
Thrombotic microangiopathies

renal artery pressure in

artery lead to
ischemia lead kidney
death

hyperkalemia
thrombocytopenic purpura

hemolytic uremic
syndrome
disseminated intravascular
coagulation

antigen recptor
fibro mascular dysplasia blockers : hyperphosphatemia
narrow your blood vessels

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors:

are medicines that help relax the veins and arteries to lower blood pressure.