SECONDARY SECTOR:

INDUSTRY AND
CONSTRUCTION
Teacher MAPS
 ▪ Activities on secondary sector are:

BUILDING

INDUSTRY

SECONDARY SECTOR

involvesactivitiesthat
convertingraw materialsinto
manufacturatedproductsor
buildhousingand
infrastructureand theyneed ▪ SECONDARY SECTOR REQUIRES ENERGY RESOURCES
energysourcestoworkon
https://www.zmescience.com/ecol
ogy/renewable-energy-
ecology/solar-panels-pros-and-
cons-056654/

Activities on
secondary sector
needs energy sources
to work. They can be:
renewable energies
▪ RENEWABLE ENERGIES: SOLAR, HYDRAULIC AND WIND
POWER, TIDAL AND BIOMASS.
▪ THEY NEVER RUN OUT
▪ THEY ARE LESS POLLUTING
▪ THE MAIN PROBLEM IS THE COST TO PRODUCE THEM.
 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY is
EOLIAN ENERGY comes from SOLAR ENERGY, heat from de
produced from the heat
the wind power Sun is stored by solar panels
inside the Earth.

BIOMASS ENERGY uses organic

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY is TIDAL ENRGY is generated by products which burnt.
generated by the power of the power of the waves and
waterfalls in a dam. tides in oceans
 ▪ They come from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil and
natural gas. They are highly polluted.
▪ Or it can be obtained by splitting uranium atoms, this
is nuclear energy.
▪ They may run out in the future since they are the most
widly used up to now.
Or they can be
▪ _They were very important for industrial revolution
non-renewable during 19th and 20th century.
energies:
 :
PROBLEMSWITHENERGYSOURCESARE

POLLUTION: Extraction of
1.

minerals or production of
energy from fossil fuels
have devasting effects in
rivers, lands, wildlife and
atmosphere. Burning coal or
natural gas generates
environmental pollution
PROBLEMSWITHENERGYSOURCESARE :
THE DEPENDENCE OF ENERGY:
THERE IS STILL A GLOBAL DEPENDENCY
TO THE PRODUCING COUNTRIES OF
OILAND NATURAL GAS. SOME
INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES NEED TO
IMPORT OIL FROM OPEC (Organization of
petroleum exporting countries)
WHICH CONTROLS PRODUCTION AND

PRICES
 LIGHT OR CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRIES
▪ FOOD, CLOTHES AND FOOTWEAR
▪ PHARMACEUTICAL
▪ HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND DOMESTIC DEVICES
▪ FORNITURE
▪ AUTOMIVILE
TYPE OF
INDUSTRIES HEAVY INDUSTRY BASIC OR CAPITAL GOODS
▪ STEAL AND IRON
▪ METAL WORKING
▪ BASE CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL
▪ MECHANIC
▪ CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
 TRADITIONAL FACTORS
▪ Traditional basic industry used to locate near
the raw materials, source of energy and
proximity to transport infrastructures. It was
important the accessibility to raw materials
and energy sources.
FACTORS OF CURRENT FACTORS
INDUSTRY ▪ The modernisation of industrial activity and
LOCATION globalisation led to changes in industry location.
▪ New factors are: the level of technology, the
abundance of cheap labor and also high-skilled
workers; the willingness of governmenmt to make
things easier; the existence of great demand or
market.
Aclaración sobre el contenido de la diapositiva número 9:
En la diapositiva anterior os he hablado de cuáles han sido en el pasado y cuáles son en la
actualidad los factores de localización de la industria. Es decir, ¿qué criterio seguían las empresas a
la hora de ubicarse en un lugar? ¿Cuál era ese lugar ideal? En el pasado, la industria tradicional
buscaba estar cerca de las materias primas y de las fuentes de energía para funcionar, así como de
ciudades donde hubiese mucha población para que trabajasen como obreros. También era
importante que hubiese infrestructuras de comunicación como puertos o ferrocarril.

En la actualidad, han aparecido nuevos factores de localización industrial como:

- la disponibilidad de alta tecnología, de innovación y de trabajadores altamente cualificados para
ella.
- la disponibilidad de mano de obra barata
- la existencia de leyes que den facilidades a las empresas. Esto y la búsqueda de trabajadores
que no demanden sueldos tan elevados como en los países desarrollados, está haciendo a muchos
empresarios trasladar sus fábricas a países como China.
GREAT INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN THE
WORLD
1. Original industrial areas
2. Second industrial areas in
developing countries

3. New industrial areas

Original areas New areas Second industrial áreas in

developing countries.

INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN THE WORLD
1. Original industrial areas
2. Second industrial areas in
developing countries
▪ SECOND AREAS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:
3. New industrial areas
▪ ORIGINAL AREAS: are those where the industrial
revolution emerged during the 18th and 19th centuries:
England, the North of France, the center of Germany,
the Eastern coast of USA. The lacation was determined
by the abundance of coal and iron.
these are the ones came along later in Russia, North
Italy
 TRADITIONAL INDUSTRY
▪ MINING AREAS
▪ PORTS AND RIVERS
▪ URBAN AREAS

THE INDUSTRIAL
LANDSCAPE NEW INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPES
▪ CENTRES OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
▪ CHINA INDUSTRY
Traditional
industrial
landscape
 New industrial landscapes use less polluting energies and
factories are based on radical architecture designs. New
industries invest in technology and innovation. They are modern
centres of advanced technology located in most economic
developed countries. For example the ´Silicon Valley´in California
(USA) where large companies like Google, Apple or HP are located;
and others in USA (Microsoft or Amazon)
NEW INDUSTRIAL Other characteristic of new industries is the use of automated
production which involves robotics.
LANDSCAPES:
CENTRES OF
ADVANCE
TECHNOLOGY
 Are the new high-tech industries more sustainable with the environment and
human rights? 🤔

Despite high tech industry is less polluting with atmosphere, new industries based in modern technology
implie other environmental and social problems like:

The demand for the minerals that power our personal tech often result in violent human rights violations: As
example an illegal gold mine in Indonesia collapsed, killing 13 people, with 100 more still trapped inside, and unlikely to be
rescued; or the problem with the extraction of coltan in Africa even using children as labour force.

This link provide you with useful information about COLTAN:

WHAT IS IT AND WHAT IS IT USED FOR?

https://computerhoy.com/noticias/hardware/que-es-coltan-que-utiliza-fabricar-moviles-53906
 ▪ DESINDUSTRIALIZATION: Industrial activity is
abandoned in some traditional áreas and it is replaced
by tertiary sector activities. As a result, there are
abandoned infrastructures known as “industrial
archeology”.

PROBLEMS IN
CURRENT
▪ RELOCATION: It consists of abandoning the
INDUSTRY traditional industrial areas to look for new location
where there is lower labor cost for the companies. This
is a migration of industry from traditional developed
countries to new emerging ones.
 DESINDUSTRIALIZATION and INDUSTRIAL ARCHEOLOGY LANDSCAPES

Desindustrialization produces abandoned factories in many areas sourrounding the towns.

INDUSTRIAL RELOCATION is
the action of moving an
industrial production from
one region to another or
from one country to another,
usually looking for lower
business costs.

https://www.
youtube.com
/watch?v=m2
jelwr3Cu0
 ▪ FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
HISTORICAL
▪ SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
DEVELOPMENT
▪ THIRD INDUSTRIALISATION
OF INDUSTRY.
▪ INDUSTRY IN 21th CENTURY
THREE STAGES:
 ▪ I happened during the 18th century in England and first
decades of 19th century in other European countries.
FIRST ▪ It was based on coal as the most important energy
INDUSTRIAL source and the steam machine as the revolutionary
technologic advance.
REVOLUTION ▪ The main activities were metal and textil.
 ▪ It lasted from the middle 19th century until 1930
▪ Industrialization spread from Europe to USA and Japan.
▪ There were new energies like oil and electricity and nwe
SECOND industries llike chemical.
INDUSTRIAL ▪ There were new inventions in transportation like the train,
REVOLUTION steam boat, automobile; and other ones like telegraph and
thelephone and household appliance industries.
▪ Workers started protest to improve their labor conditions.
 Automation is the use
of robots or
computerised
elements to control
machines in factories

▪ It started from the middle 20th century, after de second world

war and it lasted until the decade of 1970.

▪ Industrialisation spread to other countries in Asia or Central

and South America

▪ It was based on automation revolution, analogic electronic

THE THIRD and information technology. The tradional industry of coal and
iron went into decline leading to economic crisis and
INDUSTRIALIZATION unemployement in tradional industrial countries.

▪ Nuclear energy was the most important during these decades.

▪ Pollution increased and ecological movements appeared
protesting against industry that caused enviromental damage.

Analogic electronic industry

made the first personal
computers and video gamaes
during the 70´s and 80´s
 ▪ This last stage shows the current industry known as the
information revolution. Its main characteristics are:
the great development of telecomunications, the use
of the Internet and the global nature of the industrial
activity which depends on world wide demand and it is
located in places with cheap raw materials an low costs
21th CENTURY of production.

INDUSTRY ▪ The use of renowable energies is constantly increasing.

▪ There are new sophisticated industries such as
Biotechnology that make important scientific
discoveries and innovations as we have recently seen in
the great effort many countries have made to find
vacination against SARs COVID 19.
ACTIVITIES:
1) Name the activities involved in secondary sector.
2) Make an outline showing the types of energy sources renowable and non-renowable.
3) What are the advantages or disadvantages of using renovable or non-renovable energies?
4) Explain what the dependence of energy consists of.
5) Which were the original áreas of industrialisation in the world?
6) What are the new industrial countries or regions located?
7) Classify these examples of industries according to their nature: heavy or light industy: textil or clothes;
automovile; construction equipment; pharmaceutical; steal and iron.
8) Write a list of traditional factors for industrial location.
9) What is important nowadays to decide the industrial location?
10)Compare these two industrial landscapes pointing the differences between them.

11) Write a definition for these terms: DESINDUSTRIALIZATION; RELOCATION; SILICON VALLEY; COLTAN

12) Make an outline explaining the diferente phases or stages in the historical industrial evolution