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

Ilmstitute Arabic
Vol. 1: Reading Arabic Letters
[First Edition: 2020]

Prepared by Saajid Lipham

(graduate of the Islamic University of Madinah’s Arabic Institute & College of Dawah/Theology)

Website:

https://www.ilmstitute.com

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 Introduction: Learn Arabic in 3 Steps

Anyone can learn the Arabic language by following three simple steps, insha’Allah.
The three steps are to learn:

1. Letters
2. Words
3. Sentences

There are letters that represent particular sounds. Those letters come together to form words. Those
words come together to form sentences. In this course, we are beginning with step one: letters.

All one must do to master step one is learn each letter/symbol and the sound it represents. It is a simple
matter of practice and memorization. If you go through the lessons in this book consistently, then it is only a
matter of time before you know how to read Arabic, insha’Allah.

Letters Overview

The three main differences between written Arabic vs. written English are:
1. Arabic is written from right to left, whereas English is written from left to right.
2. Arabic is only written in cursive, whereas English may be written in print or cursive.
3. Arabic uses symbols written above and below the letters to represent vowel sounds.

Course Overview

Lesson by lesson, this course will teach you the Arabic letters and the symbols written above or below them.
Each lesson has an exercise requiring that you write the transliteration of the Arabic letters, meaning that
underneath the Arabic letters you will use English letters to write the equivalent sounds. Remember that
Arabic is written from right to left, and that English is written from left to right. Here is an example of how we
will use transliteration during the exercises:

ُ‫← ﺑَ ِﺘﺚ‬
→ ba ti thu

As you can see above, there are three different letters written in Arabic with three different symbols indicating
vowel sounds. We alternate the color of every other letter to make identifying each individual letter easier.

Underneath the Arabic letters we wrote the transliteration (equivalent English letters/sounds), which in this
case is “ba ti thu.” This is the method we utilize in this course. If you go through each lesson and complete
each exercise, you will know how to read Arabic by the end of the course, insha’Allah.

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 LESSON 1

In this lesson we learn 1 letter and 3 symbols.

The letter we learn is:

‫ب‬ “baa” [sounds like “b”]

The three symbols we learn are called “harakaat”, and they are:

Fatha: ( َ ) = “a” like “path” Kasra: ( ِ ) = “i” like “tin” Damma: ( ُ ) = “u” like “blue”

Exercise #1: Practice pronouncing the letter “baa” ( ‫ ) ب‬with each haraka.
Write down the correct pronunciation using english letters beneath each example.
The first row has been completed for you.
↓ Start here ↓

‫َب‬ ‫ُب‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫← َب‬

ba bu bi → ba

‫ُب‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫َب‬ ‫ُب‬

‫َب‬ ‫ُب‬ ‫َب‬ ‫ِب‬

‫ُب‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫َب‬ ‫ُب‬

‫ِب‬ ‫َب‬ ‫ُب‬ ‫ِب‬

‫ُب‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫ُب‬ ‫َب‬

‫َب‬ ‫ُب‬ ‫َب‬ ‫ِب‬

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 LESSON 2

In this lesson we learn a concept called “tanween”, which refers to the same haraka being written twice on
the same letter. This has a grammatical significance that we will learn in the future, insha’Allah. The only
difference between reading these harakaat written once vs. twice is that when they are written twice (with
tanween), we add an “n” sound at the end. [Note: tanween only comes at the end of a word]

1 Fatha: ( َ ) “a” 1 Kasra: ( ِ ) “i” 1 Damma: ( ُ ) “u”

2 Fathas: ( ًَ ) “an” 2 Kasras: ( ٍ ) “in” 2 Dammas: ( ُُ ) or ( ٌ ) “un”

Exercise #2: Practice pronouncing the letter baa ( ‫ ) ب‬with tanween.

Write down the correct pronunciation beneath each example (the first row has been completed for you).

‫ًب‬ ‫ٌب‬ ‫ٍب‬ ‫← ًب‬

ban bun bin → ban

‫ٌب‬ ‫ٍب‬ ‫ًب‬ ‫ٌب‬

‫ٌب‬ ‫ًب‬ ‫ٌب‬ ‫ٍب‬

‫ٌب‬ ‫ًب‬ ‫ٍب‬ ‫ًب‬

‫ًب‬ ‫ٌب‬ ‫ًب‬ ‫ٍب‬

‫ٌب‬ ‫ٍب‬ ‫ٌب‬ ‫ًب‬

‫ٌب‬ ‫ًب‬ ‫ٍب‬ ‫ٌب‬

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 LESSON 3

In this lesson we learn 3 letters.

Arabic is written in cursive, therefore a letter may look slightly different depending on whether or not it is
attached to another letter. There are 4 possible ways a letter may be written:
1. Alone: ‫ب‬
2. Beginning a connection: ‫ﺑﺒﺐ‬
3. In the middle of a connection: ‫ﺑﺒﺐ‬
4. At the end of a connection: ‫ﺑﺒﺐ‬

The following chart shows each letter written each way. Remember, Arabic is written from RIGHT to LEFT:

‫← ﺑﺒﺐ‬ ‫ب‬ “baa” 1

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “b”

‫← ﺗﺘﺖ‬ ‫ت‬ “taa” 2

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “t”

‫← ﺛﺜﺚ‬ ‫ث‬ “thaa” 3

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “th”

Exercise #3:
Practice pronouncing the letters and harakaat. Write down the correct pronunciation beneath each example.
(Remember: Arabic is written from right to left, but the english transliteration is written left to right)

ٌ‫ِﺑﺘَﺚ‬ َ‫ﺛِﺜُﺚ‬ ‫ﺗُﺘَ ِﺖ‬ ‫← ﺑَﺒ ُِﺐ‬

bi ta thun thi thu tha tu ta ti → ba bi bu

‫ﺑَ َﺒ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﺑَﺒ ِِﺐ‬ ‫ِﺑﺒ َِﺐ‬ ‫ﺑُﺒ ُِﺐ‬

‫ﺗِﺘَ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﺗُﺘُ َﺖ‬ ‫ﺗُﺘَ ِﺖ‬ ‫ﺗِﺘُ َﺖ‬

ُ‫ﺛِﺜُﺚ‬ ‫ﺛَﺜ ُِﺚ‬ َ‫ﺛ ُ ِﺜﺚ‬ َ‫ﺛِﺜُﺚ‬

‫ﺑَﺜَ ِﺜ ٌﺖ‬ ‫ﺛ ُ ُﺒ ِﺘ ًﺐ‬ ٌ‫ﺗ ُ ِﺒ ِﺘﺚ‬ ‫ِﺑﺜُ َﺒ ٍﺖ‬

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 LESSON 4

In this lesson we learn 3 more letters.

‫← ﺟﺠﺞ‬ ‫ج‬ “jeem” 4

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “j”

‫← ﺣﺤﺢ‬ ‫ح‬ “haa” 5

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like sharp “h”

‫← ﺧﺨﺦ‬ ‫خ‬ “khaa” 6

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “kh”

Exercise #4:
Practice pronouncing the letters and harakaat. Write down the correct pronunciation beneath each example.
(Remember: Arabic is written from right to left, but the english transliteration is written left to right)

‫ُﺟ ِﺤ َﺦ‬ ‫ِﺧ َﺨ ُﺦ‬ ‫ُﺣ ِﺤ َﺢ‬ ‫← َﺟﺠ ُِﺞ‬

ju hi kha khi kha khu hu hi ha → ja ji ju

‫ِﺟ َﺠ ُﺞ‬ ‫َﺟﺠ ُِﺞ‬ ‫ُﺟﺠ َِﺞ‬ ‫ِﺟ ُﺠ َﺞ‬

‫ِﺣ ُﺤ َﺢ‬ ‫ُﺣ ِﺤ َﺢ‬ ‫ِﺣ َﺤ ُﺢ‬ ‫َﺣ ُﺤ ِﺢ‬

‫َﺧ ُﺨ ِﺦ‬ ‫ِﺧ ُﺨ َﺦ‬ ‫َﺧ ِﺨ ُﺦ‬ ‫ُﺧ َﺨ ِﺦ‬

‫َﺧﺠ ُِﺢ‬ ‫ُﺣ َﺠ ٍﺦ‬ ‫َﺧ ِﺤ ٌﺞ‬ ‫ِﺟ ُﺤ ًﺦ‬

‫َﺣ ِﺜ ُﺨ ٌﺖ‬ ‫ﺛِ َﺨﺘُ ٍﺢ‬ ‫ُﺟ ِﺒﺘَ ًﺦ‬ ‫ِﺑ ُﺤ َﺨ ٌﺖ‬

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 LESSON 5

In this lesson we learn 2 more letters.

‫← ﺳﺴﺲ‬ ‫س‬ “seen” 7

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “s” in “see”

‫← ﺷﺸﺶ‬ ‫ش‬ “sheen” 8

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “sh”

Exercise #5:
Practice pronouncing the letters and harakaat. Write down the correct pronunciation beneath each example.
(Remember: Arabic is written from right to left, but the english transliteration is written left to right)

‫ﺷُ ﺸَ ٍﺶ‬ ‫ِﺷﺸَ ُﺶ‬ ‫َﺳ ِﺴ ُﺲ‬ ‫← ُﺳ ِﺴ َﺲ‬

shu sha shin shi sha shu sa si su → su si sa

‫ُﺳ ِﺴ ٌﺲ‬ ‫ِﺳ َﺴ َﺲ‬ ‫ُﺳ ِﺴ ُﺲ‬ ‫َﺳ ِﺴ ُﺲ‬

‫ﺷُ ِﺸ ًﺶ‬ ‫ِﺷﺸُ ُﺶ‬ ‫ﺷُ ﺸَ ُﺶ‬ ‫ﺷَ ِﺸ ِﺶ‬

‫ِﺷﺸُ ٍﺲ‬ ‫ِﺳ َﺴ ًﺶ‬ ‫ﺷَ ِﺴ ٌﺶ‬ ‫ُﺳ ِﺸ َﺲ‬

‫ﺗِﺠ ٍِﺶ‬ ‫ُﺣ ُﺴ ٌﺦ‬ ‫ﺷَ َﺨ ًﺞ‬ ‫ِﺳ َﺤ ٌﺐ‬

‫ﺛِ ُﺴ َﺨ ٍﺦ‬ ً‫ُﺣ ِﺸ َﺒﺚ‬ ‫ِﺳ ُﺒ ِﺘ ٌﺶ‬ ‫ُﺟ ِﺤﺸُ ًﺐ‬

‫ﺷَ ﺘَﺜ ًَﺐ‬ ‫ُﺧ ُﺒﺸُ ٌﺲ‬ ‫َﺟﺸَ ِﺜ ًﺖ‬ ‫ِﺳ ِﺨﺸُ ٍﺞ‬

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 LESSON 6

In this lesson we learn a new symbol: the sukoon ( ْ )

Sukoon: ( ْ ) = no haraka/vowel sound for the letter

Exercise #6A:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath:

‫ﺑَ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﺗ ُْﺐ‬ ‫ﺑ ِْﺐ‬ ‫← ﺑَ ْﺐ‬

ba t tu b bi b → ba b

‫ﺑُ ْﺶ‬ ‫ِﺧ ْﺲ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﺢ‬ ‫ﺛ ُْﺐ‬

‫ِﺧ ْﺒ ُﺞ‬ ‫ﺑُ ْﺨ ُﺖ‬ ‫ِﺟﺜ ًْﺐ‬ ‫َﺣ ْﺒ ٌﺖ‬

khi b ju bu kh tu ji th ban ha b tun

‫َﺟ ْﺤ ِﺨ ُﺐ‬ ‫ﺛِ ْﺴ َﺠ ٌﺖ‬ ‫ﺑَ ْﺠ ٍﺶ‬ ‫ُﺳ ْﺒ ًﺖ‬

Exercise #6B:
Practice writing your own examples using the letters, harakaat, and symbols you’ve learned so far from
Lessons 1-6.

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 LESSON 7

In this lesson we learn another symbol: the shadda ( ّ )

Shadda: ( ّ ) indicates a double letter:

the first letter having a sukoon ( ْ ),

and the second letter having whatever haraka is written.

For example:

‫ = ﺗِ ْﺒ َﺐ = ﺗِ ﱠﺐ‬ti bba
Note: If a haraka appears below the shadda, it is a kasra “ ” (not a fatha “ ِ َ ”)

even if it is written above the actual letter itself, for example:

‫ = ﺗِ ﱢﺐ‬ti bbi ‫ = ﺗ ﱠَﺐ‬ta bba

‫ = ﺗِ ﱟﺐ‬ti bbin ‫ = ﺗ ٍَّﺐ‬ta bban

Exercise #7:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫َﺟ ٍّﺖ‬ ‫ﺗ ﱞُﺐ‬ ‫ﺑ ﱢِﺐ‬ ‫← ﺑَ ﱡﺐ‬

ja ttan tu bbun bi bbi → ba bbu

‫ﺛ ﱠَﺖ‬ ‫ِﺷ ﱢﺐ‬ ‫ُﺳ ﱠﺞ‬ ‫ُﺧ ﱢﺶ‬

‫ِﺧ ﱠﺒ ٍﺞ‬ ‫ﺑُ ﱡﺨ ُﺖ‬ ‫ِﺟﺜ ًﱢﺐ‬ ‫َﺣ ﱠﺒ ٌﺖ‬

‫ﺛ ﱢَﺴ ْﺒ ٌﺶ‬ ‫ُﺳﺘﱢﺜ َِﺶ‬ ‫َﺳ َﺒﺸﱠ َﺖ‬ ٌ ‫ﺑُﺜﱠﺠ‬

‫ِﺖ‬

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 LESSON 8

In this lesson we learn 2 more letters. Some letters in Arabic are similar to each other with only a slight
difference. For example, the ‫( س‬seen) and ‫( ص‬ṣaad) are both similar to the english “s” but have slight
differences. This is why for transliteration we use “s” for the ‫( س‬seen) and “ṣ” for the ‫( ص‬ṣaad) to note that
they both sound like “s” but are also slightly different. We will use similar differentiations for other letters that
resemble one another, so be sure to write the exact symbol that has been specified for each letter.

‫← ﺻﺼﺺ‬ ‫ص‬ “ṣaad” 9

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like a version of “ṣ” in “ṣaw”

‫← ﺿﻀﺾ‬ ‫ض‬ “ḍaad” 10

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like a version of “ḍ”

Exercise #8:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫ُﺿ ﱠﺾ‬ ‫ِﺿ َﻀ ُﺾ‬ ‫َﺻ ُﺼ ٌﺺ‬ ‫← ُﺻ ِﺼ ًﺺ‬

ḍuḍḍa ḍi ḍa ḍu ṣa ṣu ṣun → ṣu ṣi ṣan

‫ِﺿ ُﻀ ًﺾ‬ ‫ُﺿ ِﻀ ٌﺾ‬ ‫ِﺻ ﱠﺼ ُﺺ‬ ‫َﺻ ِﺼ ٍﺺ‬

‫ِﺿ ُﻀ َﺺ‬ ‫ُﺻ ﱠﺼ ِﺾ‬ ‫َﺿ ْﺼ ٌﺾ‬ ‫ِﺻ ُﻀ ًﺺ‬

‫ﺟ ِْﺼ ٍﺐ‬ ‫َﺧﺜ ٌْﺾ‬ ‫َﺿﺘَ ِﺲ‬ ‫ِﺻﺸُ ٌﺐ‬

‫َﺳ ْﻀ ِﺘ ٍﺶ‬ ‫َﺟ ِﺤ ُﺼ ٌﺐ‬ ‫ﺷَ ْﺼ ِﺞ‬ ‫ُﺿ ﱠﺤ ِﺐ‬

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 LESSON 9

In this lesson, we learn 2 more letters.

‫ﻃﻄﻂ‬ ‫ط‬ “ṭaa” 11

end/middle/beginning alone sounds like a version of “ṭ” in “ṭall”

‫ﻇﻈﻆ‬ ‫ظ‬ “DHaa” 12

end/middle/beginning alone sounds like a version of “DH”

Exercise #9:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫ِﻇﻈُ ٍﻆ‬ ‫ﻇَﻈُ ٌﻆ‬ ‫ﻃُ ِﻄ َﻂ‬ ‫← ِﻃﻄَ ًﻂ‬

DHi DHu DHin DHa DHu DHun ṭu ṭi ṭa → ṭi ṭa ṭan

‫ِﻇﻈُ َﻆ‬ ‫ﻇُﻈَ ًﻆ‬ ‫ﻃَ ِﻄ ٌﻂ‬ ‫ِﻃﻄُ ٍﻂ‬

‫ﻇُ ِﺜ َﺢ‬ ‫ﻇَﺸَ ًﺦ‬ ‫ِﻃ ِﺸ ٍﻆ‬ ‫ﻃُ ُﺒ ٌﻆ‬

‫ِﻃ ﱠﺠ ًﺺ‬ ‫ُﺳﻄﱠ ِﺶ‬ ‫ﻃَ ْﺴ ُﻆ‬ ‫ِﻃﺸْ َﻆ‬

‫ﺗِﻄَ ِﺐ‬ ‫ُﺣﻄَ ِﺦ‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻄَ ٍﺞ‬ ‫ُﺳﻄَ ًﺾ‬

‫ﺛ ﱠُﺼ ِﺨ َﻆ‬ ‫ﺗِﺸﱡ ِﺒ َﻆ‬ ‫ﺑُ ْﻀ ِﺘ َﻆ‬ ‫ِﺳ ِﺤ ُﺼ َﻆ‬

‫ﺷَ ِﺘ ْﺼ َﻂ‬ ‫ِﺧﺒِﺸﱡ َﻂ‬ ‫ﺟ ُِﻀﺜْ َﻂ‬ ‫َﺻﺘَ ِﺒ َﻂ‬

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 LESSON 10

In this lesson, we learn 2 more letters.

‫← ﻓﻔﻒ‬ ‫ف‬ “faa” 13

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “f”

‫← ﻗﻘﻖ‬ ‫ق‬ “qaaf” 14

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like“q”

Exercise #10:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫ﻗَ ِﻘ َﻖ‬ ‫ﻗُ ِﻘ ُﻖ‬ ٌ ‫ِﻓﻔ‬

‫ُﻒ‬ َ ‫← ِﻓﻔ‬
‫ُﻒ‬
qa qi qa qu qi qu fi fu fun → fi fu fa

ٌ ‫ﻗَ ِﻘ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ِﻓﻔ ٌُﻖ‬ ‫ﻗَﻔ ٌْﻖ‬ ً ‫ِﻓﻘ‬
‫ْﻒ‬

ُ ‫ﻇُ َﺼ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ُ ‫ﺛ َ ِﻘ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﻗ َِﺸ ٍﻆ‬ ‫ِﻓ ُﺒ ٌﻆ‬

‫ﻓُ ﱠﺠ ًﺺ‬ ‫ِﻗﻄﱠ ِﺶ‬ ‫ﻃَ ْﺴ ٌﻖ‬ ُ ْ‫ِﻃﺸ‬

‫ﻒ‬

‫ِﻗﻄَ ِﺐ‬ ‫ﻓُﻄَ ِﺦ‬ ‫ﺷُ ﻄَ ٍﻒ‬ ‫ُﺳ ِﻘ ًﺾ‬

‫ﻓ ﱠُﺼﺘُ ًﺶ‬ ‫ﻗَﺸﱡ ِﺒ َﻆ‬ ‫ﻓ َْﻀ ِﺘ َﻆ‬ ‫ﻓ ُِﺤ ُﺼ َﻆ‬

ٌ ‫ﺷَ ِﺘ ْﺼ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ِﺧﺒِﺸﱡ َﻖ‬ ‫ﺟ ُِﻀ ﱢﻔ َﻂ‬ ‫َﺻﺘَ ْﻘ َﻂ‬

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 LESSON 11

In this lesson, we learn 2 more letters.

‫← ﻋﻌﻊ‬ ‫ع‬ “‘ayn” 15

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “â” coming from the throat

‫← ﻏﻐﻎ‬ ‫غ‬ “ghayn” 16

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “gh”

Exercise #11:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

ٍ‫ِﻏ َﻐﻎ‬ ‫ُﻏ ِﻐ ًﻎ‬ ‫ِﻋ َﻌ ٌﻊ‬ ‫← ُﻋ ِﻌ َﻊ‬

ghi gha ghin ghu ghi ghan âi âa âun → âu âi âa

ٍ‫ُﻏ َﻐﻎ‬ ‫ِﻏ َﻐ ًﻎ‬ ‫ُﻋ ِﻌ َﻊ‬ ‫ِﻋ َﻌ ٌﻊ‬

‫ُﻏ ُﻌ ًﻎ‬ ٍ‫َﻏ ﱡﻌﻎ‬ ‫ِﻏ ُﻌ ًﻎ‬ ‫ُﻋ ِﻐ ٌﻊ‬

‫ﺟ ِِﺸ ٌﻊ‬ ‫َﺳ َﻐ ًﺦ‬ ُ ‫ﺗِ ِﻌ‬

‫ﻒ‬ ‫ِﻏﺸْ ٌﺐ‬

‫ﺗِﻈَ ُﺶ‬ ‫ِﻏ ﱠﺼ ِﺦ‬ ‫ُﻋﻄَ ٌﻖ‬ ‫ِﻗﺜ ٍْﺐ‬

‫ﺛِ ُﺴ ُﺨ َﻊ‬ ً‫ُﺣ ِﻐ َﺒﺚ‬ ‫َﺳ ِﺒ َﻌ ُﺶ‬ ‫ُﺟ ِﺤﺸَ ٌﻎ‬

‫ﺷَ ﻄَ ِﻐ ٌﺐ‬ ‫ِﻇ ُﺒ ِﻌ ٍﺲ‬ ٌ ‫ُﺟ ِﺸﻘ‬

‫َﺖ‬ ‫ُﺳ َﺨ َﻌ ُﺞ‬

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 LESSON 12

In this lesson, we learn 2 more letters.

‫← ﻛﻜﻚ‬ ‫ك‬ “kaaf” 17

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “k”

‫← ﻟﻠﻞ‬ ‫ل‬ “laam” 18

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “l”

Exercise #12:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫ﻟَﻠِ ٌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟُﻠِ َﻞ‬ ‫ﻛَ ِﻜ ٌﻚ‬ ‫← ﻛُ ِﻜ َﻚ‬

la li lun lu li la ka ki kun → ku ki ka

‫ﻟِﻠ َُﻚ‬ ‫ﻛِﻜ ًُﻞ‬ ‫ﻟُﻜ ٍَﻚ‬ ‫ﻛِﻠ ٌْﻚ‬

ً‫ﻛِ ُﻌﺚ‬ ‫ﻗَﻠِ َﺦ‬ ‫ﻟِ ﱠﺒ َﻚ‬ ‫ﻛ ُِﺸ ًﻞ‬

‫ﻟ َِﺼ ٌﺞ‬ ‫ِﻇﻠ َُﺖ‬ ‫ِﻃﻜ ٌُﻞ‬ ‫َﺳ ِﻜ ُﻎ‬

ِ‫ﻛُ ﱡﺠﻞ‬ ‫ﻟِ ِﻔ ُﻚ‬ ‫ِﻏ َﺨ ُﻚ‬ ‫ُﺧﻠِ ًﻚ‬

‫ﻗُ ِﻌ َﺼ َﺾ‬ ‫ﻃَ ِﻈﻜ َُﻞ‬ ‫ُﺧ ُﻐﻔ ٌُﻖ‬ ‫َﺟ َﻜﻠ َُﻖ‬

ٍ‫ﻛَ ْﻐﻘُﻞ‬ ‫ِﻋ ُﺒﻄَ ٌﻚ‬ ‫َﺟ َﻜ ِﺜ ًﺖ‬ ‫ﻛِ َﺒﻠِ َﺞ‬

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 LESSON 13

In this lesson, we learn 2 more letters.

‫← ﻣﻤﻢ‬ ‫م‬ “meem” 19

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “m”

‫← ﻧﻨﻦ‬ ‫ن‬ “noon” 20

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “n”

Exercise #13:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

ٍ‫ﻧُ َﻨﻦ‬ ‫ﻧَ ِﻨ ُﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣ ُﻤ َﻢ‬ ‫← ُﻣ ِﻤ ًﻢ‬

nu na nin na ni nu mi mu ma → mu mi man

‫ﻧِ ُﻨ ٍﻢ‬ ‫ﻧَ ُﻤ ُﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﻤ ٌﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣ ِﻨ ًﻢ‬

‫ﻛِ ُﻌ ٌﻢ‬ ‫ﻗَ ﱠﻨ َﺦ‬ ‫ﻧُ ِﺴ ٌﻢ‬ ‫ِﻣﻄَ ُﻦ‬

‫ِﻣ ْﺒ ٌﺾ‬ ِ‫ِﻇ َﺠﻦ‬ ‫ﻟُ ِﻔ ٌﺢ‬ ‫ُﻣ ِﺨ ُﻎ‬

‫ِﺑ ﱡﺠ َﺖ‬ ‫ُﻣ ِﻔ َﻦ‬ ‫ِﻏ َﺨ ٌﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ ﱢﻨ ًﻚ‬

‫ﻗُ ِﻌ ُﻤ ًﺶ‬ ‫ِﺿﻈْ ُﻜ ٍﺢ‬ ‫ﺑُﺘْ َﻨ ٌﻞ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻨ ُﻌ ِﻖ‬

‫ﺗ َ ْﻐﻘ ٍُﻢ‬ ‫ِﻋ ُﺒ ْﻨ ِﻚ‬ ‫َﺟ َﻜ ِﺜ َﻦ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺒﻠِ ﱠﺾ‬

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 LESSON 14

In this lesson, we learn 2 more letters.

‫← ﻫﻬﻪ‬ ‫ه‬ “ḥaa” 21

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like soft “ḥ”

‫← ﻳﻴﻲ‬ ‫ي‬ “yaa” 22

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “y”

Exercise #14:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫ﻳُﻴ َِﻲ‬ ‫ﻳَﻴ ُِﻲ‬ ‫ِﻫ ُﻬ َﻪ‬ ‫← َﻫ ِﻬ ُﻪ‬

yu yi ya ya yi yu ḥi ḥu ḥa → ḥa ḥi ḥu

‫ﻳُ َﻴ ﱞﻲ‬ ‫ﻳَﻴ ُِﻲ‬ ‫ِﻫ َﻬ ُﻪ‬ ‫َﻫ ُﻬ ِﻪ‬

‫َﻫ ﱠﻴ ُﻲ‬ ‫ﻳُ َﻬ ٌﻲ‬ ‫ﻳَ َﻬ ٍﻪ‬ ‫َﻫ َﻴ ُﻪ‬

‫َﻫ ْﺒ ٌﺾ‬ ِ‫ﻳَ ُﺠﻦ‬ ‫ﻟُ ِﻔ ُﻪ‬ ‫ُﻣ ِﺨ ٌﻲ‬

‫ﺗ َ ﱡﺠ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻳُ ِﻔ َﻦ‬ ‫ِﻏ َﺨ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﻳُ ِﻨ ًﻚ‬

‫ﻗُ َﻬ ُﻤ ًﺶ‬ ‫ﻳَﻈﱢ ُﻜ ٍﺢ‬ ‫ﺑُ ْﻬ َﻨ ٌﻞ‬ ‫ُﻫ ْﻨ َﻴ ِﻖ‬

‫ﻳَ ْﻐﻘ ٍُﻢ‬ ‫ِﻋ ُﺒ ْﻨ ُﻪ‬ ‫َﺟ َﻜ ِﺜ ًﻲ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﻴﻠِ ٍّﺾ‬

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 LESSON 15

In this lesson, we begin learning letters that connect to other letters before them, but DO NOT ever connect
to letters coming after them. The following are 2 such letters:

‫← دﺑﺪ‬ ‫د‬ “daal” 23

end or middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “d”

‫← ذﺑﺬ‬ ‫ذ‬ “dhaal” 24

sounds like “dh” similar to
end or middle/beginning ← alone the pronunciation of the first
two letters of “that”

Exercise #15:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫ﺑُ ِﺬ َذ‬ ‫َذ ِﺑ ُﺬ‬ ‫ِﺑ َﺪ ٌد‬ ‫← َد ِﺑ ُﺪ‬

bu dhi dha dha bi dhu bi da dun → da bi du

‫َذذ ٍُب‬ ‫ِﺑ ُﺬ َذ‬ ‫َد ِد ٌب‬ ‫ِﺑ َﺪ ُد‬

‫َذﺑُ ًﺪ‬ ‫َذﺑُ ِﺪ‬ ‫َذ ِﺑ ُﺪ‬ ‫َد ِﺑ َﺬ‬

‫َﻫ ْﺒ ُﺪ‬ ‫ِد َﺟ ٌﻦ‬ ‫َذ ِﻓ ُﻪ‬ ‫ُﻣ ِﺪ ٌي‬

‫ﺗ َ ﱡﺠ َﺬ‬ ‫ﻳُ ِﻔ ًﺪ‬ ‫ِﻏ َﺨ ُﺬ‬ ‫ُدﻧِ ًﻚ‬

‫ﻗُ ﱠﺪ ُﻣ ًﺶ‬ ‫ِدﻇﱢ ُﻜ ٍﺢ‬ ‫ُذ ْﻫ َﺪ ٌل‬ ِ‫َذﻧْ َﺪق‬

‫ﻏ َِﺬﻗ ٍُﻢ‬ ‫ِﻋ ُﺒ ْﻨ ُﺬ‬ ‫َﺟﻜ َِﺪ ﱞي‬ ‫َذﻳَﻠِ ﱞﺾ‬

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 LESSON 16

In this lesson we learn 2 more letters that do not connect to letters that come after them.

‫← رﺑﺮ‬ ‫ر‬ “raa” 25

end or middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “r”

‫← زﺑﺰ‬ ‫ز‬ “zaa” 26

end or middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “z”

Exercise #16:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫ﺑُ َﺰ ِز‬ ‫ُز ِﺑ َﺰ‬ ‫ﺑَ ُﺮ ِر‬ ‫← َر ِﺑ ُﺮ‬

bu za zi zu bi za ba ru ri → ra bi ru

‫ُزز ٍَب‬ ‫ِﺑ ُﺰ ًز‬ ‫َر ُر ٌب‬ ‫ِﺑ َﺮ ُر‬

‫ُز ِﺑ ٌﺮ‬ ‫َرﺑُ ِﺰ‬ ‫ُزﺛ َ ٍﺮ‬ ‫َرﺗِ ُﺰ‬

‫ِز َﻫ ْﺒ ُﺪ‬ ‫ِد ْر َﺟ ٌﻦ‬ ‫َذ ِﻓ ُﻬ َﺰ‬ ‫َر ُﻣ ِﺪ ٌي‬

‫ﺗ َ ﱡﺠ َﺬ ٌر‬ ‫ﻳُ ْﺰﻓَ ٌﺪ‬ ‫ِﻏ َﺮ َﺧ ُﺬ‬ ‫ُدﻧِ َﺮ ٌك‬

‫َرﻗُ ﱠﺪ ُﻣ ًﺶ‬ ‫ِدﻇﱢ ُﻜ َﺤ ِﺮ‬ ‫ُذ ْﻫ َﺪﻟُ ٍﺰ‬ ‫َذﻧْ َﺪ ِﻗ ُﺮ‬

‫ُرﻏ َِﺬﻗ ٍُﻢ‬ ‫َز ِﻋ ُﺒ ْﻨ ُﺬ‬ ‫َﺟﻜ َِﺪ َر ﱞي‬ ‫َذﻳَﻠِ َﺰ ﱞض‬

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 LESSON 17

In this lesson we learn 2 more letters that do not connect to letters that come after them.

‫اﺑﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ “alif” 27

end or middle/beginning alone sounds like “a”

‫وﺑﻮ‬ ‫و‬ “waaw” 28

end or middle/beginning alone sounds like “w”

Note: the “alif” ( ‫ ) ا‬does not take any other harakaat except the sukoon, so there is no need
to write a haraka on the alif. It is always pronounced similar to the fatha as “a”.

Exercise #17:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫َو ِﺑ ُﻮ‬ ‫ﺑُ ِﻮ َو‬ ٌ َ‫ﺑ‬

‫ﺎب‬ ‫← ﺑَﺎﺑَﺎ‬
wa bi wu bu wi wa ba a bun → ba a ba a

‫َﺻﺎﺑُ ْﻮ ٌن‬ ‫اﻟْ َﻔ ْﻮ ُز‬ ٌ ‫َر َو‬

‫اب‬ ‫اﻟْ َﻮا ِج‬

ُ ‫اﻟْ َﻮ ﱠﻫ‬
‫ﺎب‬ ‫َﺧﺎﻟِ ٌﻖ‬ ‫ﺷَ ﱠﻮا ٍل‬ ‫َو ِاﺿ ٌﺢ‬

‫َو َر ٌق‬ ‫ُدﻛﱠﺎ ٌن‬ ‫ﻃَﺎﻟِ ٌﺐ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻔﺘُ ْﻮ ٌح‬

‫ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ُﻤ ْﻮ َن‬ ‫َوا ِﻗ ُﻔ ْﻮ َن‬ ‫َﺟﺎﻟِ ٌﺲ‬ ٌ ‫ﺗ َ ﱠﻮ‬

‫اب‬

‫اﻟْ َﻐ ُﻔ ْﻮ ُر‬ ِ‫َواﻟِ َﺪﻳْﻦ‬ ‫ُﻋﺜْ َﻤﺎ ُن‬ ‫ﻇَﺎﻟِ ُﻤ ْﻮ َن‬

‫ﻓ َِﺎﺳ ِﻘ ْﻴ َﻦ‬ ‫َﺧﺎﻟِ ِﺪﻳْ َﻦ‬ ‫َرا ِﻏ ُﺒﻮ َن‬ ٌ ‫َﺟﺎ ِﻣ َﻌ‬
‫ﺎت‬

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 LESSON 18

In this lesson we learn 2 letters that only come at the end of a word.

‫ﺑﻰ‬ ‫ى‬ “alif maksoora” 29

end alone sounds like “a”

‫ﺑﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ “ta marbuta” 30

end alone sounds like “t”

Exercise #18:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫اﻟْ ِﻜﺘَﺎﺑَ ُﺔ‬ ‫َو َرﻗَ ٌﺔ‬ ‫َر َﻣﻰ‬ ‫← َﻋﻠَﻰ‬

a l ki ta a ba tu wa ra qa tun ra ma a → â la a

‫ﺑَ َﻐﻰ‬ ‫ﻫ ْﻤ َﺰ ٌة‬ ‫َﻫ َﻮى‬ ‫ﺑَﻜَﻰ‬

‫ﻃَﺎﻟِ َﺒ ٌﺔ‬ ‫َو َرﻗَ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ َﻤ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑُ ُﺮ ْو َد ٌة‬

Extra Benefit: “‫ ة‬/ Ta Marbuta”

If you pronounce the haraka on the “‫ ة‬/ ta marbuta”, then the “‫ ة‬/ ta marbuta” will be pronounced like “‫ ت‬/
taa”. However, sometimes when speaking Arabic, you will not pronounce the haraka that appears on the last
letter of a word. When you don’t pronounce the haraka on the “‫ ة‬/ ta marbuta” then it should be pronounced
as a soft “‫ ه‬/ ḥaa”. An easy way to remember this is how the “‫ ”ة‬looks like a combination between the “‫”ت‬
and “‫”ه‬, as it may be pronounced either way depending on whether or not its haraka is pronounced.

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 LESSON 19

In this lesson we learn the “hamza” which represents a glottal stop.

A glottal stop is: a speech sound produced by closing the vocal cords and then opening them quickly so that
the air from the lungs is released with force.

The hamza is sometimes written above or below different letters:

‫← أﺑـﺄ‬ ‫ء‬ “hamza” 31

end or middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “ ‘ ” (glottal stop)

‫← إﺑـﺈ‬ ‫ء‬ “hamza”

end or middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “ ‘ ” (glottal stop)

‫← ؤﺑـﺆ‬ ‫ء‬ “hamza”

end or middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “ ‘ ” (glottal stop)

(‫← ئــئــ‬ ‫ء‬ “hamza”

end/middle/beginning ← alone sounds like “ ‘ ” (glottal stop)

Exercise #19:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

ٌ ‫َر ُؤ ْو‬
‫ف‬ ‫أَ ْذ َﻫ ُﺐ‬ ‫أُ ِﺧ َﺬ‬ ْ‫← إِﻗْ َﺮأ‬
ra ‘u w fun ‘a dh ḥa bu ‘u khi dha → ‘i q ra ‘

‫ﻳُ ْﺆ ِﻣ ُﻦ‬ ‫َرأْ ٌس‬ ‫ﻟُ ْﺆﻟُ ٌﺆ‬ ‫ُﺳ ِﺌ َﻞ‬

‫ﺷَ ْﻲ ٍء‬ ٍ‫اِ ْﻣ ِﺮئ‬ ‫ﺷَ ﺎ َء‬ ‫ُﺟ ْﺰ ٌء‬

Extra Benefit: “Hamzatul Wasl”

When hamza is the first letter of certain words, it will be pronounced only if it begins a sentence/speech,
but won’t be pronounced if there is a word before it. This is called “hamzatul wasl”
‫ا‬
and may be written like a regular alif: “ " or with the following symbol above the alif: “ ” ‫ٱ‬
Extra Benefit: “Hamzatul Qat’ ”
When hamza is the first letter of certain words, it will be pronounced every time no matter what (unlike
hamzatul wasl). This is called “hamzatul qat’” and will have hamza written visibly above or below the alif: “‫ إ‬،‫”أ‬

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 LESSON 20
In this lesson we learn one more symbol written above the alif called the “madd.” It appears as “~” and
represents a hamza followed by an alif ( ‫) ءا‬

‫آ ـﺂ‬ ‫آ‬ “alif madd” 32

end or middle/beginning alone sounds like “‘aa”

Exercise #20:
Practice pronouncing the following examples and write down the correct pronunciation underneath each one.

‫آﻛ ُُﻞ‬ ‫آ ُﺧ ُﺬ‬ ٌ ‫ِآﺳ‬

‫ﻒ‬ ‫← اﻟْ ُﻘ ْﺮآ ُن‬
‘aa ku lu ‘aa khu dhu ‘aa si fun → a l qu r ‘aa nu

‫آﺛ ُ ُﺮ‬ ‫آ ُﻣ ُﺮ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﺮآ ًة‬ ِ

‫آﺧ َﺮ ٌة‬

Extra Benefit: “Dagger Alif / Alif Khanjariyya”

The “Dagger Alif / Alif Khanjariyya” is written as a short vertical stroke on top of a letter. It indicates a long alif
(‫ ا‬/ “a”) sound although it is not written.

A very common example of this is how the name of Allah “Ar-Rahmaan” is commonly written with a “dagger
alif” above the “‫ م‬/ meem”:

‫ٱﻟ ﱠﺮ ْﺣ ٰﻤ ِﻦ‬
Closing Remarks
Congratulations on reaching the end of this course! Insha’Allah, now you have been introduced to all of the
letters of the Arabic language & simply need to practice! I ask that Allah make it easy for you to become
fluent in Arabic so that you may increase your understanding of His book!

For more learning resources, please visit the following:

Website:
https://www.ilmstitute.com

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