Professor

Learning
1.Mental Health Continuum
2.Risk and protective factors

Agenda
3.Patient’s rights and Legal issues
4.Psychiatric-Mental Health
Nursing
 Mental Health
The WHO defines it as a state of well-being in
which each individual is able to realize his or
her own potential, cope with the normal
stresses of life, work productively, and make a
contribution to the community

Mental health provides people with the

capacity for rational thinking,
communication skills, learning, emotional
growth, resilience, and self-esteem
(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
[USDHHS], 1999)
 Some of the attributes of
mentally healthy people
Varcarolis, E. (2017). Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. A Communication
Approach to Evidence-based Care (3rd ed.), p3. Elsevier.
 Choose one among these
attributes you MOST frequently
use to achieve healthy mental
state
 Mental Illness
All mental disorders with definable diagnoses.
q Presence of
disturbances:
Developmental
Biological
Psychological disturbances in mental
functioning

q Cognition (Alzheimer’s disease)

q Emotions ( m a j o r depression)
q Behavioral (schizophrenia)
q Combination of the three
 Is there some middle
ground between mental
health and mental
illness?
 Source: From University of Michigan, “Understanding U.” [2007]. What is mental health? Retrieved
from www.hr.umich.edu/mhealthy/programs/mental_emotional/understandingu/learn/mental_health.html.)

Characterized by adequate to high-

level functioning in response to
routine stress and resultant anxiety
or distress.
 Source: From University of Michigan, “Understanding U.” [2007]. What is mental health? Retrieved
from www.hr.umich.edu/mhealthy/programs/mental_emotional/understandingu/learn/mental_health.html.)

Characterized by adequate to high-

level functioning in response to
routine stress and resultant anxiety
or distress.

§ Feel lousy
§ Self-doubt
§ Sleepless nights
§ Worry
§ Obsession
§ Genuine sadness or mourning
over a death of loved one
 Source: From University of Michigan, “Understanding U.” [2007]. What is mental health? Retrieved
from www.hr.umich.edu/mhealthy/programs/mental_emotional/understandingu/learn/mental_health.html.)

Characterized by adequate to high-

level functioning in response to
routine stress and resultant anxiety
or distress.

§ Feel lousy
§ Self-doubt
§ Sleepless nights
§ Worry
COPING § Obsession
§ Exercise
§ Genuine sadness or mourning
§ Balanced diet over a death of loved one
§ Rest
§ Interaction with others
§ Mental reframing
§ Early intervention and treatment
 Source: From University of Michigan, “Understanding U.” [2007]. What is mental health? Retrieved
from www.hr.umich.edu/mhealthy/programs/mental_emotional/understandingu/learn/mental_health.html.)

§ insomnia
§ lack of concentration
§ loss of appetite

§ Mild depression
§ Generalized anxiety
disorder
§ Attention-deficit
disorder
 Source: From University of Michigan, “Understanding U.” [2007]. What is mental health? Retrieved
from www.hr.umich.edu/mhealthy/programs/mental_emotional/understandingu/learn/mental_health.html.)

Schizophrenia
§ Altered thinking, mood,
and behavior
 Risk and protective
factors
Many factors can affect the severity and
progression of a mental illness, as well as
the mental health of a person who does
not have a mental illness
(WHO, 2012)
(WHO, 2012)
§ Characteristics both inborn and learned

§ Ability to respond to social cues and participate in

in social activities

§ Biological and genetic factors (prenatal alcoholism

and oxygen deprivation at birth
(WHO, 2012)

§ Immediate social
surroundings (The family)

§ Schools

§ Peer groups

§ Socioeconomic status
dictates the resources
available to support
mental health

§ Educational advancement
a tremendous supporter
of mental health(career,
security, economic
benefits)
 (WHO, 2012)

§ Political climate

§ Access and lack of

access to healthcare,
water, safety services,
strong highway system

§ Cultural considerations
- Suicide an act of
honor (Japanese)

- Suicide bombers are

considered holy
warriors or martyrs
(Middle Eastern)

- Western cultures
suicidal individuals
are nearly always
considered mentally
ill
Mental Health is
Integral
When we are mentally healthy, we can
realize our abilities, cope with stress, work
productively, and contribute to society.
Patient’s rights and
Legal issues
v Mentally-ill patients are VULNERABLE to
MISTREATMENT and ABUSE
SELF - A fundamental right and need

DETERMINISM Individual is internally motivated to make

choices based on personal goals and not to
please others or to be rewarded

In mental health care

Self determinism is the RIGHT TO CHOOSE
one’s own health-related behaviors
Patient’s rights to:
§ refuse treatment
§ choose the 2nd or 3rd best health care
recommendation rather than the first
§ seek a second opinion
Self determinism promotes growth and well-being
toward human potential through basic psychological
needs met
§ Autonomy (initiation and control of one’s
action)
§ Competence (perceived effectiveness in social
interactions)
§ Relatedness (connections and belongingness
with others)
ASYNCHRONOUS
ACTIVITIES
Thank
you!