ENGLISH

Fourth Quarter – Module 4

Week 1

SDO TAGUIG CITY AND PATEROS

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and evaluated by the
Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Let’s Learn
This module was designed and written for you, dear Grade 10 learners. It will be a
great help to you in getting familiar with technical terms used in research. The scope
of this module permits you to be used in many different situations. The lessons are
organized to follow the standard structure of Enhanced K to 12 Curriculum. The
sequence of the lessons given will help you to clearly understand and use the
English Language in your everyday communication and lifestyle.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 1. get familiar with technical terms used in research;
2. give the importance of research; and
3. use formal language in writing the research paper.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read each statement or question carefully and write the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. For those who can access this activity
online, you may answer this through Google Form to be sent by your English teacher
or click the link below for complete access of activities of this module:
https://www2.slideshare.net/espie1229/technical-terms-used-in-research

1. In research Mean, Median and Mode are________ .

A. Measures of deviation B. Ways of sampling C. Measures of control tendency
D. None of the above

2. What is research? Research is ___________ .

A. searching again and again
B. finding solution to any problem
C. working in a systematic way to search for truth of any problem D.
none of the above

3. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?

A. searching sources of information to locate the problem

B. survey of related literature
C. identification of problem
D. searching for solutions to the problem

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4. A common test in research demands much priority on __________. A.
reliability B. usability
C. objectivity D. all of the above

5. An action research is ___________.

A. a longitudinal research
B. an applied research
C. a research initiated to solve an immediate problem
D. a research with socioeconomic objective

6. A reasoning where we start with certain statements and conclude with a

universal statement is called _______.
A. deductive reasoning B. inductive reasoning
C. abnormal reasoning D. transcendental reasoning
 Let’s Recall

Directions: Select the correct answer by writing the letter of your

choice in a piece of paper, or open this link to access this activity online:
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5e887c47d8969e001bdcc014/english-10-technical terms-in-research-
writing

1. It is a brief overview of a study.

A. abstract B. data
C. research questions D. statistical Tool

2. This refers to the information that can be numbers or words that is used in
research writing.
A. abstract B. data
C. research Questions D. statistical tool

3. It refers to the game plan or method for finding out what you want to know.
A. abstract B. data
C. research questions D. statistical tool

4. These are the mathematical tools based on the normal curve used to
analyze data.
A. abstract B. data
C. research questions D. statistical tool

5. This refers to the accuracy where the extent of which a test or study
measures what it is supposed to measure.
A. abstract B. validity

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C. scope and limitation D. statistical tool

6.This refers to the target and limit of the research study.

A. abstract B. validity
C. scope and limitation D. statistical tool

7. This is a careful investigation or study of a subject.

A. manuscript B. research
C. experiment D. assignment

8. This is anything that calls for a solution.

A. effect B. cause
C. problem D. hypothesis

9. This is a concept that needs to be proven through a thorough study. A.

hypothesis B. effect
C. solution D. relationship

10. This refers to the judgment or decision made by the researcher based on the
findings of the study.
 A. recommendation B. conclusion
C. findings D. hypothesis

Let’s Explore

Research Definition
Research is a careful and detailed study into a specific problem, concern, or
issue using the scientific method. This is best accomplished by turning the issue into
a question, with the intent of the research to answer the question.
Research is a systematic, formal, rigorous, and precise process employed to
gain solutions to problems or to discover and interpret new facts and relationships.
- (Kothari 2006)

Research is the process of solving problems and finding facts in an organized

way. Sometimes, Research is used for challenging or making contribution to
generalizable knowledge. Additional knowledge can be

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discovered by proving existing theories, and by trying to better explain observations.

Research Terms and Definitions

Knowing common research terminology helps you understand how to read

and interpret scholarly journal articles so you can more effectively apply the results to
real world human performance. The following are basic research terms and
definitions.

Abstract (summary) An abstract is a summary of a research article, thesis,

review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is
often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper’s purpose.

Assignment- Random assignment is how you assign the sample that you draw
to different groups or treatments in your study.

Background of the study- Research background is a brief outline of the most

important studies that have been conducted so far presented in a chronological
order. Research background should also include a brief discussion of major theories
and models related to the research problem

Cause and effect- Cause and effect refers to a relationship between two
phenomena in which one phenomenon is the reason behind the other. The term
effect has been used frequently in scientific research.
 Conclusion - The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why
your research should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper. A
conclusion is not merely a summary of your points or a re-statement of your research
problem but a synthesis of key points.

Data- Research data is any information that has been collected, observed,
generated, or created to validate original research findings. Although usually digital,
research data also includes non-digital formats such as laboratory notebooks and
diaries.

Experiment - An experiment is a procedure carried out to support, refute, or

validate a hypothesis.

Findings - The principal outcomes of a research project; what the project

suggested, revealed, or indicated. This usually refers to the totality of outcomes,
rather than the conclusions or recommendations drawn from them.

Hypothesis - A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. It describes in

concrete (rather than theoretical) terms what you expect will happen in your study.
Not all studies have hypotheses.

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Manuscript- A manuscript is the work that an author submits to a publisher,
editor, or producer for publication. An accepted manuscript, reviewed but not yet in a
final format, distributed in advance as a preprint.

Methodology - Research methodology is the specific procedures or

techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. In
a research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to critically evaluate a
study's overall validity and reliability.

Questionnaire- A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series

of questions for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.
Questionnaires can be thought of as a kind of written interview.

Recommendation- Recommendations are based on the results of your

research and indicate the specific measures or directions that can be taken.
Therefore, implications signify the impact of your research and recommendations
might be concrete steps/actions that the research proposes.

Reference- A references page is the last page of an essay or research paper

that has been written in APA style. It lists all the sources you have used in your
project, so readers can easily find what you have cited.

Relationship- A relationship refers to the correspondence between two

variables.

Research- The systematic investigation into and study of materials and

sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

Research question- A research question is an answerable inquiry into a

specific concern or issue. It is the initial step in a research project.
 Research Problem - A research problem is a statement about an area of
concern, a condition to be improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling
question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the
need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.

Researcher- A researcher is someone who conducts research, i.e., an

organized and systematic investigation into something.

Scope and limitation- Scope and limitations are two terms that address the
details of a research project. The term scope refers to the problem or issue that the
researcher wants to study with the project. Limitations is the term used for
constraints that impact the researcher’s ability to effectively study the scope of the
project.

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Solution- Answer(s) suggested or implemented to try and solve a question or
problem. A solution can be either simple or complex and may require few resources
or many resources.

Statistical tool- These are statistical methods involved in carrying out a study
include planning, designing, collecting data, analyzing, drawing meaningful
interpretation, and reporting of the research findings. The statistical analysis gives
meaning to the meaningless numbers, thereby breathing life into a lifeless data.

Title- The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A good title
contains the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents and/or
purpose of your research paper.

Validity- Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is

intended to measure. If research has high validity that means it produces results that
correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in the physical or social
world.

For more information, kindly visit this page here: Research-methodology.net

Let’s Elaborate
Using Formal Language in Writing the Research Paper
In writing parts of your research paper, remember to use formal language all
throughout its development. Remember the following conventions:

1. Do not use contractions.

Contractions (shortened form of words: e.g., it’s for it is, we’ve for we have)
are used in very informal or conversational types of writing. In your research
paper, words should not be contracted.

Examples of When Not to Use Contractions:

 – ain’t: far too informal; not considered proper grammar
– could’ve/ would’ve/ should’ve: can make the writing awkward, and writing these
out sounds the same as the contraction, so use the two-word version

Read more on this link:

https://www.bkacontent.com/using-contractions-formal-writing-acceptable-not/

2. Do not use abbreviations.

Text messages use a lot of abbreviations and short codes. Never abbreviate
words in your paper because it is a formal document. Words must be spelled
out correctly.

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-Introducing acronyms
Introduce every acronym before using it in the text. The first time you use the
term, put the acronym in parentheses after the full term. Thereafter, you can stick to
using the acronym.

Example:
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is headquartered in Switzerland. The
IOC President is elected by secret ballot.

Do not introduce an acronym unless you will use it a minimum of three or four
times. If it only appears once or twice, write out the full term. If you use a lot of
acronyms in the document, you can also introduce them in a list of abbreviations.

There are some extremely common acronyms that do not need to be

introduced. However, the list is small. Some examples of acronyms that do not need
to be spelled out include:

Category Acronyms
Countries PRC, UAE, UK, USA, USSR
Organizations NASA, NATO, UNESCO, UNICEF
Science and technology PC, radar, TV, USB
AIDS, AM/FM, CD, DVD, HDMI, HIV, laser,
Time BC/AD, BCE/CE, time zones
Latin abbreviations e.g., i.e., et al.

Learn more by visiting this link here:

https://www.scribbr.com/academic-writing/abbreviations-and-acronyms/

3. Use the third person point of view in presenting your paper. The third person is
used in writing formal documents. It provides a more objective tone to the paper.
Avoid using the first person and second person points of view. You may refer to
yourself as “the researcher.”

Example:
”In spite of general gains in mathematics learning in the United States (NAEP, 2007)
and successful mathematics progress for students in many of the math reform
efforts, (MSP Impact Report, 2008), researchers have noticed critical gaps in
conceptual understanding of core mathematics concepts and processes in students.”
(Learn more from this link here:
https://edresearch.nmsu.edu/grant-resources/proposaltemplates/research-abstract/r esearch-abstract-
sample-1/)

4. Use the passive voice as needed.

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In writing your paper, use the passive voice for a more formal and
objective tone.
The passive voice lends an impersonal tone, which is perceived to be formal, but
can make the text wordier and more difficult to understand, especially when used in
long sentences. Until recently, this tone was considered favorable for scientific
writing and authors were advised to strictly avoid using the active voice, especially
the use of “I” and “we” in their academic research papers.

Compare “In this study, we investigated the effect of drug X on the serum levels
of phosphorus under various conditions” with “In this study, the effect of drug X on
the serum levels of phosphorus was investigated under various conditions.” (Please
read more here: https://www.editage.com/insights/using-the-active-and-passive-voice-in-research-
wri
ting)

Let’s Dig In
Directions: Answer each question. Use separate sheet of paper to write your
answers.

1. Why is research an important undertaking?

___________________________________________________________________
________
___________________________________________________________________
________

2. Why is it essential for a researcher to delimit his/her topic on a particular subject?

___________________________________________________________________
________
___________________________________________________________________
________

3. When is a research considered a research? When is it not?

___________________________________________________________________
________
___________________________________________________________________
________

4. How do you choose a subject to write about?

___________________________________________________________________
________
___________________________________________________________________
________

5. How would the readers react when they read your work? If they disagree with your
topic, what would you do to defend your work?

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___________________________________________________________________
________
___________________________________________________________________
________

Let’s Remember
Widening your Vocabulary/Constructing Sentences
Directions: Recall the meaning of the words below then, define them according to
your own understanding. Afterwards, use them in sentences. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answer.

1. research
Meaning:______________________________________________________
______
Sentence:______________________________________________________
_____

2. validity
Meaning:______________________________________________________
______
Sentence:______________________________________________________
_____

3. data
Meaning:_______________________________________________________
______
Sentence:______________________________________________________
______

4. abstract
Meaning:________________________________________________________
_____
Sentence:_______________________________________________________
______

5. recommendation
Meaning:_________________________________________________________
_____
Sentence:________________________________________________________
______

Let’s Evaluate
A. Directions: Match column A to column B to pair the definitions with the terms
given. Write the letter of your choice before each number.

AB
____1. This refers to the information that can be A. abstract numbers or words that is
used in research writing. B. research questions
____2. It is a procedure carried out to support refute, C. questionnaire 11

or validate a hypothesis. D. researcher ____3. Someone who conducts

research is called__. E. title ____4. It refers to the problem or issue that the
F.conclusion researcher wants to study with the project. G. data ____5. It is a
brief overview of a study. H. experiment ____6. This refers to the totality of
outcomes. I. scope ____7. It is a research instrument consisting of a J.
methodology series of questions. K. findings ____8. It summarizes the main
idea of the study.
____9. It is the specific procedures or techniques
used in research.
____10. It refers to the game plan or method for finding ✓ out
what you want to know.

B. Directions. Put check mark ( ✓ ) if the statement is true and cross mark (x) if it is
not. Place your answer on the space provided.

_____1. Data are the gathered information from the respondents.

_____2. Questionnaires should be validated by an expert.

_____3. The person or persons conducting a research is called researcher or

researchers.

_____4. Books, internet, published and unpublished thesis could be a

reference for a study.
_____5. The significance of the study states the importance of the research
activity and to whom it is addressed.

C. Directions: Read statements below and look for the appropriate words from the word
pool. Write your answer before each number. Word Pool

_______________1. It is the description of an issue currently existing which needs to

be addressed.
_______________2. These are the information they get or the conclusions they
come to as the result of an investigation or some research. _______________3.
These are distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way.
_______________4. It provides a precise summary of the paper’s content. 12

_______________5. It lists all the sources you have used in your project, so
readers can easily find what you have cited.
_______________6. It is an indication of how sound your research is.
_______________7. It involves specific techniques that are adopted in research
process to collect, assemble and evaluate data.
_______________8. It/These is/are based on the results of your research and
indicate/s the specific measures or directions that can be
taken.
_______________9. This refers to a person who carries out academic or scientific
research.
_______________10. It is the fuel that drives the scientific process, and is the
foundation of any research method and experimental
design, from true experiment to case study.

Let’s Apply
The Writer as a Decision-Maker

Directions: Write a body of a research following this simple guide. (You may use
another sheet of paper for this activity). Remember to apply what you have learned in
using formal language in writing a research.

P: Purpose What do I really want to accomplish – to express ideas or feelings or to

inform?
A: Audience What do my readers need to know?
S: Subject What information must I pull together on research? S: Structure What is
the most effective organization to accomplish my purpose?
 Listening/Speaking

STEP 1 Watch a mystery or detective movie with your classmates/siblings/parents.

Discuss why the central characters were not able to solve the
mystery or crime sooner than they did. What facts were
concealed, disregarded, or overlooked? What facts finally led to
the solution of the mystery?

STEP 2 Watch a sports event such as basketball or baseball on YouTube. Discuss

the facts with your classmates/siblings/parents that explain
causes or effects of key events during the game.

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Let’s Extend
It’s time to reflect…

Think of three (3) things you currently do to improve your writing. Write three statements
that represent ways you will try each of these things one step beyond what you are
currently doing.

Note: You may create good slides for this activity and send via Google Form that your
teacher will share to your Group Chat for submission.
You may refer to these links for further understanding of the lesson.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cs2fNm1qPfY&ab_channel=SimplifyConcepts
https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/researchglossary
https://www.slideshare.net/maheswarijaikumar/basic-research-terminologies
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324775202_Glossary_of_Research_Terms

References

-Dela Cruz, E. (2013, p.218). Journey to English 10. Bulacan: KLEALFS Publishing -Frodesen,J and
Eyring,J. (2010, p397). Grammar Dimensions 4. Singapore: MG Reprographics, Inc.
-Gaza G. and Lazaro C. (2009, pp.139-140). Making Meaning in a Global Village Activity Book. Manila:
Trinitas Publishing, Inc.
-Terminologies on Research. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/
-Terminologies on Research. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from
http://research-methodology.net/
-Terminologies on Research. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from
https://library.sacredheart.edu/
-Terminologies on Research. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from
http://www.businessdictionary.com/
-Terminologies on Research. Retrieved June 15, 2020 from https://www.reference.com/ 14
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