WATER AND AIR POLLUTION INDEX (PROTECTIVE SERVICE)

● measures the extent of water and
toxic air contamination
● important for implementing measures
to minimize pollution
● 1 Policeman and 1 fireman per 1000
population ; ideal is 1 Policeman per
500 population
● 1 PNP station per city /municipality

● necessary data are gathered by ● 1 Fire Station per city/municipality

DENR and the index is implemented
quarterly. (SOCIAL WELFARE)

● 1 day care center per barangay

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
● improve everyone's well-being
maximize their potential.
● Societal success depends on citizen
well-being. Social dev't requires
people-investment.
● 1 senior citizen care center per
to city/municipality
(SPORTS AND RECREATION)
● Minimum of 500 sqm. per 1000
population for city and municipal park

● improved the access of Filipinos to ● Minimum of .50 ha. per 1000

quality basic social service delivery in population for playfield or athletic field
education, training and culture; health
and nutrition; population and RELATING SDGS AND LAND USE
development; housing; social PLANNING
protection; and asset reform.
● To reduce poverty. How do the sdg's correlate with land use
planning?
● To create an adaptable, functional and
literate population. ● Land use planning that is effective,
affordable, and socially just can have
● To improve the health status of the
significant positive impacts on both
population.
people and the environment. For
● To facilitate social, cultural and example, land use planning can
economic development at the positively contribute to many of the
community level. SDGs (United Nations 2015).

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

(EDUCATION)

● 1 teacher per 40-50 students if with a SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

teacher aide (Elem & HS). Ideal class
size is 25-30 children/teacher for ● increase agricultural productivity, food
Pre-school security, and incomes of smallholder
farmers
(HEALTH)
● can contribute to gender equality
● 1 Doctor per 10,000 population
globally
● 1 Nurse/ 20,000 population
● 1 Sanitary Inspector per 20,000
population ● protect critical ecosystem services,
● 1 midwife per 3,000 to 5,000 such as clean water, and promote
population awareness of sustainable
● 1 bed per 1000 population development that matches the
● 10-15 beds for the municipal hospital potential of
(HOUSING)
the land
● R1 (low density) < than150
● matches appropriate land uses with
persons/ha of residential area
suitable land can strengthen the
resilience of people and the
● R2 (medium density) 151 to 250
environment to climate-related
persons /ha of res. area
hazards, as well as contribute to a
land-degradation neutral world
● R3 (high density) > 250 persons/ha of
residential area
 ● can help promote wildlife and implementation of a common
biodiversity conservation by creating development strategy, stimulating the
space on the landscape for people, use of local resources and the
flora, and fauna creation of competitive advantage.

MASTER PLAN ON ASEAN CONNECTIVITY PRINCIPLES OF LED

2025 (MPAC)
● Private/public partnership
● By connecting ASEAN through the - cooperation between, and the
Master Plan on ASEAN coordination of different development activities
Connectivity (MPAC) 2025, we are deter actors from ineffective go-it-alone
creating a regional network of people approaches while supporting the legitimacy
and infrastructure to improve the way and sustainability of the development process.
we live, work and travel.

● To achieve that, the MPAC 2025 ● Participatory decision-making and

focuses on five key areas, namely, social dialogue
Sustainable Infrastructure, Digital - the involvement of local
Innovation, Seamless Logistics, stakeholders in the process of
Regulatory Excellence, and People developing their own territory
Mobility. is a prerequisite for
sustainable growth
FIVE STRATEGIC PLANS OF MPAC (2025)
PROCESS AND STEPS IN ACHIEVING
● Sustainable Infrastructure - enhance LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
the region's infrastructure investment
and productivity as well as achieve 1. Start-up Activities and Census
sustainable urbanization development Building
goals 2. Territorial Analysis and Institutional
Mapping
● Digital Innovation - connect ASEAN 3. Sensitizing and Promoting a Local
with the digital world of opportunities Forum
through adoption of digital 4. Designing a LED strategy and Action
technologies and standards, Planning
enhancing digital financial inclusion, 5. Implementation of LED interventions
open data and digital data and services
management. 6. Feedback, Monitoring, and Evaluation
and Sustainability of LED interventions
● Seamless Logistics - create a more
competitive and seamless ASEAN by DILG'S INTERVENTIONS ON LED
strengthening the region's supply
chain ecosystem. ● The Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG) sets out the
● Regulatory Excellence - implement Guidelines on Promoting Local
good regulatory practice for a more Economic Development and
integrated ASEAN. Investment Promotion (LEDIP) and
the Establishment of LEDIP
● People Mobility - bring opportunities Office/Unit in all provinces, cities, and
closer to the people by enhancing municipalities under DILG
intra-ASEAN mobility and human Memorandum Circular
capital. (MC)2020-167iii.

LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ● The creation of the LEDIP office is

COMPETITIVENESS aimed to enhance the competitiveness
of the economy. The LEDIP primarily
DEFINITION OF LED acts as the in-charge office in the
● A locally-owned, participatory ‘facilitation, preparation, coordination,
development process in a given and execution of local economic
territory, which encourages development and investment
partnership arrangements between promotion policies, programs,
local private and public stakeholders projects, and activities.
and enables the joint design and
 ● The office also provides a support
mechanism for the growth of the
micro, small, and medium enterprises
(MSMEs) and for public-private
investment projects.
PHILIPPINE INNOVATION ACT
● Republic Act 11293 also known as
the Philippine Innovation Act, which
was enacted in 2018, takes a
‘whole-of-government’ approach in
driving innovation toward the center of
Philippine development policies
bringing in the business sector, micro,
small and medium-sized enterprises,
the research and development sector
and the other sectors.
INNOVATIVE START UP ACT
● Republic Act 11337 sets out a
national comprehensive support and
benefits program to foster start-up
growth. The Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI), the Department of
Science and Technology (DOST), &
the Department of Information and
Communications Technology(dict)
shall be the primary government
agencies responsible for developing a
Philippine Startup Development
Program and a Startup Investment
Development Plan.
LOCAL ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS
- a region that is economically competitive is
one whose economy performs at least as well
as other economies. This performance can be
measured through a framework created by the
national competitiveness council (ncc) (and
currently handled by dti) called "cities and
municipalities competitiveness index".
WHAT IS CMCI?
● annual ranking and large-scale data
gathering of the country's local
government units or LGU.
● adopts a framework created by
michael porter, which focuses on
productivity and location.
● based on 5 indicators / pillars:
(1) economic dynamism - stable expansion
of businesses and industries and higher
employment.
10 indicators:
● Local Economy Size (as measured
through business registrations, capital,
revenue, and permits)
● Local Economy Growth (as measured
through business registrations, capital,
revenue, and permits)
● Active Establishments in the Locality
● Safety Compliant Business
● Employment Generation
● Cost of Living
● Cost of Doing Business
● Financial Deepening
● Productivity
● Presence of Business & Professional
Organizations
(2) government efficiency - refers to the
quality and reliability of government services
and government support for effective and
sustainable productive expansion
10 indicators:
● Compliance to National Directives
● Presence of Investment Promotions
Unit
● Compliance to ARTA Citizens Charter
● Capacity to Generate Local Resource
● Capacity of Health Services
● Capacity of School Services
● Recognition of Performance
● Getting Business Permits
● Peace and Order
● Social Protection
(3) infrastructure - physical assets that
connect, expand, and sustain a locality and its
surroundings to enable provision of goods and
services
10 indicators:
● Road Network
● Distance to Ports
● Availability of Basic Utilities
● Transportation Vehicles
● Education
● Health
● LGU Investment
● Accommodation Capacity
● Information Technology Capacity
● Financial Technology Capacity
(4) resiliency - capacity of a locality to build
systems that can absorb change and
disturbance and being able to adapt to such
changes.
10 indicators:
● Land Use Plan
● Disaster Risk Reduction Plan
● Annual Disaster Drill
● Early Warning System
● Budget for DRRMP
 ● Local Risk Assessments
● Emergency Infrastructure
● Utilities
● Employed Population
● Sanitary System
(5) innovation - refers to the ability of a
locality to harness its creative potential to
improve or sustain current levels of
productivity
10 indicators:
● Start Up and Innovation Facilities
● Innovation Financing: R&D
Expenditures Allotment
● STEM graduates
● Intellectual Property Registration
● ICT Use: E-BPLS Software
● Internet Capability
● Availability of Basic Internet Service
● Online Payment Facilities
● ICT Plan
● New Technology
IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS INDEX
- is an annual report that assesses the
competitiveness of countries based on a wide
range of factors.
- The report is produced by the International
Institute for Management Development (IMD),
a business school based in Switzerland.
- The index uses a combination of quantitative
and qualitative data to rank countries based
on their performance across four main
categories: economic performance,
government efficiency, business efficiency,
and infrastructure. Within each category, there
are several sub-factors that are assessed,
such as GDP growth, inflation, public debt,
education, healthcare, innovation, and
technological readiness.
● Economic Efficiency - The
Philippines' ranking in economic
efficiency declined from 39th in 2018
to 50th in 2021. One possible reason
for this decline is the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic, which has
affected the country's economic
performance. The pandemic has
resulted in a slowdown in economic
growth, increased unemployment and
reduced business confidence.
● Government Efficiency - The
Philippines' ranking in government
efficiency declined from 31st in 2018
to 43rd in 2021. One possible reason
for this decline is the corruption in
the country. The 2020 PhilHealth
scandal is a prime example of a
recent corruption that occurred in the
country, which involved 15 billion
pesos worth of stolen funds. The
ballooning external debt of the
country is also another indicator of its
low rank in the competitiveness index.
The debt currently stands at 13 trillion
pesos as of late January 2023.
● Infrastructure - The Philippines'
ranking in infrastructure declined from
50th in 2018 to 56th in 2021. One
possible reason for this decline is the
inadequate investment in
infrastructure development. While
the government has initiated
infrastructure projects, such as the
"Build, Build, Build" program,
implementation has been slow, and
some of the projects have
encountered delays.
● Business Efficiency - The pandemic
has highlighted the importance of
digitalization for businesses
(WORK FROM HOME). However, the
Philippines lags behind its regional
peers in terms of the said category
because the country isn't as
advanced as the neighboring
countries in digitalization.
KEY ISSUES AFFECTING LEC
● Poor business environment
● Weak infrastructure, land
management and access to markets
● Low demand for innovation and skill
match
● Limited access to finance and
business support insufficient economic
planning
PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
2023-2028 (NEDA)
- a plan for deep economic and social
transformation to reinvigorate job
creation and accelerate poverty
reduction by steering the economy
back on a high-growth path. This
growth must be inclusive, building an
environment that provides equal
opportunities to all Filipinos, and
equipping them with skills to
participate fully in an innovative and
globally competitive economy.
NATIONAL PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK PLAN
- serves as a guide to the planning and
management of the country’s land and other
physical resources at both the national and
local levels.
- implements broad spatial directions
and development guidelines on the
four major land use policy areas:
infrastructure development,
settlements development, production
land use and protection land use.
- should be the reference point by which
subsequent national and local sectoral
or development plans are directly
linked and aligned.
- All plans and programs prepared by
national and local government
agencies should be seen as
contributing and supportive of the
physical development objectives and
goals of the adopted national,
regional, and local physical plans.
LAND USE POLICY AREAS (NPFP)
➔ Settlements development
- focuses on the spatial
distribution of shelter,
infrastructure and networks,
and services.
➔ Infrastructure development
- provide the built-up
environment that allows
production, consumption, and
service activities to take place.
➔ Production Land Use
- determine the most efficient
and equitable manner of
utilizing and managing land
resources such that there is
adequate and accessible
space for sustaining the needs
of the people.
a manner that provides sufficient and
affordable food products to all Filipinos
of the present and future generations
through local production and/or
importation.
● Environmental Stability and
Ecological Integrity
- achieving environmental
stability through the
observance of appropriate
standards and ensuring
ecological integrity through
effective natural resource
management and balancing
the demand of land using
activities vis-à-vispreservation
of ecosystems
● Regional Urban
Development
- encouraging the sustainable
growth of cities and large
towns while complementing
the growth of rural areas by
adopting alternative
development approaches.
● Spatial Integration
- linking consumption and
production areas to achieve
physical and economic
integration through appropriate
infrastructure systems
● Equitable Access to
Physical and Natural
Resources - ensuring
equitable access to resources
through a just distribution of
the country’s resources and by
providing equal opportunities
to all Filipinos in the use and
acquisition of land and other
resources

➔ Protection Land Use ● Private-Public Sector

- achieve environmental stability Partnership - encouraging
and ecological integrity; shared responsibility between
ensure balance between the government and the
resource use and the private sector in the
preservation of some development and
educational, cultural and management of the country’s
historical significance and physical resources.
protect people and man-made
structures from the ill effects of ● People Empowerment
natural hazards. - establishing pragmatic,
appropriate flexible and
PRINCIPLES OF NPFP dynamic structures or
mechanisms that involve the
● FOOD SECURITY - utilizing the participation of key
country’s land and water resources in stakeholders.

● Recognition of the Rights of
Indigenous People - ensuring
the Indigenous Peoples (IPs)
right to develop, control, and
use lands within their ancestral
domains.
● Market orientation
- adopting the interplay
of market forces within the
framework of ecological and
intergenerational factors as a
basic parameter in the
allocation and use of physical
resources.
WHAT IS A CLUP?
- “Rational Approach of Allocating
Available Land Resources as
equitably as possible among
competing user groups and for
different functions consistent with the
development plan of the area.”
REPUBLIC ACT 7160
SECTION 16
- each LGU shall exercise the powers
expressly granted, those necessarily
implied from, as well as powers
necessary, appropriate, or incidental
of its efficient and effective
governance, and those which are
essential to the promotion of general
welfare.
SECTION 109
- Each LGU shall have a important that the goals and objectives
comprehensive multi-sectoral
development plan to be initiated by the
LDC and approved by its sanggunian.
THE PLANNING PROCESS OF CLUP
Step 1 : Organize
- assembling personnel, resources,
and support needed for the planning
process.
- Getting organized is an important
first step to take before doing the
actual plan preparation activities.
Anticipating and preparing for the
resources that will be needed for the
planning activities will lead to the
smooth implementation of
accomplishment of planning outputs in
time.
Step 2: Identifying Stakeholders
- Recognizing and engaging
participants who should play an active
role in the planning process.
- Public participation is a fundamental
part of the planning process. It
ensures the involvement of all
stakeholders in order to enhance
awareness, raise the quality of the
plan, and increase the likelihood of the
plan’s acceptability and success of
implementation.
Step 3: Setting a Vision
- Define the future that the LGU seeks
to attain.
Step 4: Situational Analysis
- Identify the issues, potentials and
future development needs and
spatial requirements of the
city/municipality.
Step 5: Setting Goals and Objectives
- Formulate achievable goals and
objectives, outcomes and output
indicators that are responsive to the
issues, needs, and potentials of the
municipality/city. It will help the city or
municipality achieve its vision. It is
are formulated with the consensus of
the broader community.
Step 6: Establish Development Thrust and
Spatial Strategies - Translate the vision and
situation analysis into a desired physical form.
Establishing the development thrust and
spatial strategies is critical in determining the
future development of the CITY OR
municipality.
Step 7: Prepare the Land Use Plan
- Translate the vision, goals and
objectives, development thrust, and
spatial strategies into a land use plan.
The CLUP leans towards physical
planning. It expresses the social, and
economic values that guides the
physical development of the
city/municipality.
Step 8: Draft the Zoning Ordinance -
Translate the Land Use Plan into an
integrated Zoning Ordinance (ZO) and
complementary ordinances. In general, zoning
has the same features or land use
classifications as the CLUP, except that it
provides more detailed information on zone
boundaries and use regulations/ controls,
among others.
Zoning is the division of a community into
districts (e.g. commercial, residential,
industrial, institutional, etc.) in order to
maximize, regulate and direct their use and
development according to the CLUP.
Step 9: Conduct Public Hearing
- This involves a 3-stage process:
public display and information
dissemination, conduct of public
hearing/consultation, and the
refinement of the CLUP/ ZO as a
result of the public hearing
consultation.
Step 10: Review, Adapt, Approve CLUP/ZO
- Conduct a comprehensive review, adoption
and approval or ratification of the CLUP or
zoning ordinance.
Step 11: IMPLEMENT THE CLUP AND ZO -
Set prerequisite measures to realistically
implement the CLUP and ZONING
ORDINANCE.
Step 12: MONITOR AND EVALUATE
- Assess how fully and effectively the
plan is being carried out and
implemented.
SCOPE AND AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION
ESTATE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(I) Environment and Natural Resources -
refer to the elements of the natural world that
provide resources and services essential to
human life and well-being.
Environment - refers to the natural world
including all living and nonliving things that
exist within it.
Natural resources - are materials and
substances that exist in nature and have
economic value (renewable or nonrenewable).
3 Categories of Natural Resources
● Energy Resources - used to
power homes, businesses,
and transportation ( wind, solar, hydroelectric,
and geothermal energy).
● Mineral Resources - used in
the construction of buildings, electronics, and
other goods.
● BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
- critical for sustaining life and supporting
human well-being (plants, animals,
microorganisms).
Natural Resources in the Philippines
● Forests
● Mineral Deposits
● Fisheries
● Agricultural land
● Geothermal energy
● Water resources
● Oil and Gas
● Effective management of environment
and natural resources involves
balancing the three pillars of
sustainability (economic, social, and
environmental considerations).
● Environment and natural resources
management (ENRM) is a broad field
that encompasses a wide range of
disciplines and specializations
Key Areas of Specialization within ENRM
1. Conservation Biology - the study of
how to protect and manage
biodiversity. Conservation biologists
work to understand the ecological,
social, and economic factors that
affect the survival of species and
ecosystems, and develop strategies to
conserve them.
2. Natural Resource Management -
involves the sustainable use and
management of natural resources,
such as forests, fisheries, and wildlife,
to ensure their long-term availability
and productivity.
3. Environmental Policy and
Guidelines - involves the
development, implementation, and
evaluation of policies and regulations
related to environmental protection
and natural resource management.
4. Environmental Economics - the
study of how economic activities affect
the environment and how the
environment affects the economy.
Environmental economists work to
develop policies and practices that
promote sustainable resource use and
reduce environmental degradation.

5. Environmental Science - the study of
the natural environment and its
interactions with human society. It
involves a broad range of scientific
disciplines, including ecology, geology,
chemistry, and physics.
6. Sustainable Agriculture and Food
Systems - involve the development of
practices that minimize the negative
environmental impacts of agriculture
while promoting food security and
economic growth.
7. Water Resource Management
- involves the planning, development,
and management of water resources,
including surface and groundwater, for
human use and environmental
protection.
8. Climate Change Mitigation and
Adaptation - involves developing
strategies to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and to adapt to the impacts
of climate change.
Philippines’ Environmental and Natural
Resources Challenges
● Deforestation
● Loss of Biodiversity
● Water Scarcity and Pollution
● Marine Degradation
● Solid Waste Management
● Mining
● Climate Change
The Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) is the primary
agency responsible for environmental and
natural resource management in the
Philippines. The DENR is responsible for the
administration and management of the
country's forests, wildlife, land, water, and
other natural resources. It also oversees the
implementation of environmental laws and
policies, such as
● Republic Act No. 8749: Philippine Clean
Air Act of 1999,
● Republic Act No. 9275: The Philippine
Clean Water Act of 2004
● Republic Act No. 9003: Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000
What is the relationship of Environment
and Natural Resources to Land Use
Planning?
- To achieve sustainable land use planning,
there needs to be a careful consideration of
the impacts of development on the
environment and natural resources. This
involves identifying and assessing the natural
resources in the area, evaluating potential
impacts of development, and identifying ways
to minimize or mitigate those impacts.
(II) Transportation Planning and Traffic
Management
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
- is a process that involves identifying
transportation needs, evaluating alternatives,
and developing plans and policies to improve
transportation systems.
- Provides the information, tools and public
engagement needed for improving
transportation system performance.
- a Comprehensive, Cooperative and
Continuing process (“3 Cs”) that requires
monitoring of the system’s performance and
condition.
- Influences many decisions, including
policies, choices among alternative strategies,
priorities and funding allocations
POLICIES THAT NEEDS TO BE
CONSIDERED
1. Republic Act No. 4136 or the Land
Transportation and Traffic Code
2. Republic Act No. 8794 or the Motor
Vehicle User's Charge (MVUC) Law
3. Republic Act No. 7924 or the Ports
Modernization Act
4. Republic Act No. 10668 or the Philippine
Lemon Law
5. Republic Act No. 9295 or the Domestic
Shipping Development Act
6. Republic Act No. 4133 or the Land
Transportation Office Law
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING GOALS
● Access to Employment: Provide for
transportation system connections to
areas of employment density and key
activity centers, with an emphasis on
connecting to areas of high poverty
rates.
● Freight Mobility: Enhance freight corridors
and intermodal connections to facilitate goods
movement into, within and out of the region.
● Safety & Security: Provide for transportation
improvements that increase safety and
security for system users.
● System Reliability: Implement technologies
and programs to improve travel times and
support the ease of travel throughout the
region.
 ● Congestion Mitigation: Support
transportation system improvements
that address existing and expected
future traffic congestion.
● Environment & Air Quality: Provide for
project alternatives that protect and enhance
the region’s natural resources.
● Multimodal Connectivity: Improve
accessibility and interconnectivity of various
transportation modes for all systems users.
● Preservation & Maintenance: Ensure that
existing transportation infrastructure and
facilities achieve a constant state of good
repair.
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
ORGANIZATION
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION - is
responsible for transportation planning at the
national level. The DOTr is the lead agency in
the formulation of
national transportation policies, plans, and
programs. The agency is responsible for the
development of transportation infrastructure,
the regulation of transportation services, and
the promotion of sustainable transportation
systems.
LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
- responsible for the registration and
regulation of land vehicles, driver's licensing,
and enforcement of traffic rules and
regulations.
LAND TRANSPORTATION FRANCHISING
AND REGULATORY BOARD
- responsible for the regulation and
supervision of public land transportation
services, including buses, jeepneys, and taxis.
CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY IN THE
PHILIPPINES - responsible for the
development and regulation of the country's
aviation industry, including the operation of
airports and air navigation services.
PHILIPPINE PORTS AUTHORITY
-responsible for the development,
management, and regulation of the country's
ports and harbors.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RAILWAYS
- responsible for the development and
operation of the country's railway system.
TOLL REGULATORY BOARD
- responsible for the regulation of tollways and
toll operations in the country.
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS
1. GOAL SETTING
2. DATA COLLECTION
3. ANALYSIS
4. ALTERNATIVES DEVELOPMENT
5. EVALUATION
6. PLAN DEVELOPMENT
7. IMPLEMENTATION
8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
- also known as road traffic control, refers to
the act of directing vehicles and pedestrians
around some form of disruption. This could be
a construction site, accident, community
event, tree removal, road surfacing, traffic
congestion – or anything else that could cause
danger or disruption to a vehicle or
pedestrian.
GOALS OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
● Reducing traffic congestion and travel
times: Traffic management aims to reduce
congestion and travel times by implementing
measures such as traffic signal optimization,
intelligent transportation systems, and
improved road network planning.
● Improving safety: Traffic management
aims to improve safety on roads by reducing
accident rates, ensuring compliance with
traffic rules and regulations, and enhancing
road infrastructure and design.
● Enhancing mobility: Traffic management
aims to improve mobility by ensuring the
accessibility and connectivity of different
modes of transportation, such as public
transportation, bicycles, and walking.
● Reducing emissions: Traffic management
aims to reduce emissions by promoting the
use of clean and sustainable transportation
modes, such as electric vehicles, and
implementing policies that discourage the use
of private vehicles.
PROCESS OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
● Planning: This involves identifying the
goals and objectives of the traffic
management system, analyzing traffic
patterns and trends, and developing strategies
to meet the transportation needs of a
particular area or population.
● Design: This involves designing the
physical infrastructure of the transportation
system, such as roadways, sidewalks, and
bike lanes, as well as designing the traffic
control devices and signage, such as traffic
lights, signs, and markings.
● Implementation: This involves putting the
traffic management plan into action, which
may include installing traffic control devices,
implementing speed limits, and coordinating
the use of different transportation modes.
● Monitoring: This involves monitoring the
performance of the traffic management
system, including traffic volumes, speeds, and
travel times, and making adjustments as
needed to improve efficiency and safety.
● Evaluation: This involves evaluating the
effectiveness of the traffic management
system over time, using data and feedback
from stakeholders, and making
recommendations for further improvements.
5 PILLARS OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (5
E’s)
1. TRAFFIC ENGINEERING
- This pillar involves the design and
construction of infrastructure and facilities that
are intended to manage traffic flow, such as
roads, highways, bridges, intersections, and
pedestrian walkways.
2. TRAFFIC EDUCATION
- This pillar involves the dissemination of
information and education to motorists,
pedestrians, and other road users about traffic
rules and regulations, safe driving practices,
and responsible road behavior.
3. TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
- This pillar involves the enforcement of traffic
rules and regulations, through the deployment
of law enforcement officers, cameras, and
other enforcement tools.
4. TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT
- This pillar involves the consideration of
environmental factors in traffic management,
such as air pollution, noise pollution, and the
impact of transportation on climate change.
5. TRAFFIC EMERGENCY RESPONSE
- This pillar involves the provision of
emergency services and response
mechanisms to address accidents, incidents,
and other emergencies that may occur on the
road.
WHO ARE IN CHARGE OF THE ROAD
TRAFFIC CONTROL?
METROPOLITAN MANILA
DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY - Coordinate
and monitor the implementation of such plans,
programs and projects in Metro Manila,
identity bottlenecks and adopt solutions to
problems of implementation; The MMDA shall
set the policies concerning traffic in Metro
Manila, and shall coordinate and regulate the
implementation of all programs and projects
concerning traffic management specifically
pertaining to enforcement, engineering and
education.
LAND TRANSPORTATION
OFFICE - in charge of the issuance of driver’s
licenses and permits. It administers the exam
needed before motorists can get behind the
wheel. If a motorist incurs a violation, the LTO
can cancel or revoke his or her license.
Regulatory Signs of LTO.
LAND FRANCHISING AND REGULATORY
BOARD - It issues certificates of public
convenience or permits to public land
transportation services – from jeeps, taxis,
buses, as well as the new transport network
vehicle services like Uber and Grab. It is also
in charge of regulating and adjusting fares for
public transport services, and prescribing or
regulating the routes or areas of operation for
these services.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE - HIGHWAY
PATROL GROUP - a highway patrol with a
national scope that is tasked to enforce traffic
safety roles and provides general supervision
to local police forces with regard to the
enforcement of traffic laws. It also provides
assistance to the Land Transportation Office
and also enforces driver's licenses and motor
vehicle registration and regulations with
regards to public carriers.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND
HIGHWAYS - involves maintenance of
national roads, abides by standards in
designing roads and other infrastructure to
make sure these are safe for all road users,
standardizes road signs and pavement
markings to comply with international safety
standards, as well as removing road hazards
or relocating lampposts, electric poles, or
other objects that can affect motorists’ safety.
(III) PUBLIC WORKS PLANNING
- process of designing and managing the
construction of public infrastructure and
facilities such as roads, bridges, water supply
systems, waste management facilities, and
public buildings.
Stages of Planning Process:
1. Identifying the need for the public works
project
2. Conducting feasibility studies
3. Developing design and construction plans
4. Obtaining necessary permits and approvals
5. Managing the construction process
Scope of Public Works Planning in the
Philippines
- includes the design, construction, and
maintenance of public infrastructure and
facilities, such as transportation systems,
water supply and sanitation systems, energy
systems, public buildings, and disaster risk
reduction and management.
Philippine Development Plan (PDP)
-a multi-year plan that sets the government's
direction for achieving the country's long-term
development goals. It covers various sectors,
including infrastructure and public works, and
outlines strategies and programs to achieve
targets and objectives.
Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH) - is the primary agency responsible
for public works planning and implementation
in the Philippines. ThenDPWH is responsible
for the planning, design, construction, and
maintenance of national infrastructure
projects, including highways, bridges, ports,
and airports.
Department of Transportation(DOTr)
, Department of Energy(DOE), Department
of Environment and Natural Resources
- These agencies work together to ensure the
effective and efficient development of
infrastructure projects, taking into account
factors such as economic growth,
environmental impact, and social equity.
History of Public Works Planning in the
Philippines
Spanish Colonial Period - focused on the
construction of churches, government
buildings, and fortifications.
American Colonial Period - construction of
new roads, water supply systems, and other
public works projects.
After World War II - construction of new
buildings, roads, and bridges, modernization
of the country's water supply and sanitation
systems.
1970s and 1980s - focused on promoting
regional development, with the government
investing in infrastructure projects.
1990s and 2000s - promoting sustainable
development and addressing environmental
concerns.
TODAY - focus on promoting sustainable
development and improving the country's
infrastructure to support economic growth and
social development.
In 2020, the Department of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH) announced the
implementation of the Build, Build, Build
program, a massive infrastructure
development initiative that aims to address the
country's infrastructure gaps and create jobs.
Metro Manila Flood Management Project -
the construction of several flood control
structures in Metro Manila to reduce the risk of
flooding during the rainy season.
Metro Manila Subway Project - A
36-kilometer subway system that will serve as
an alternative mode of transportation in Metro
Manila.
New Clark City - A new urban center that will
be developed as a smart and green city,
featuring world-class facilities and
infrastructure.
Mindanao Railway Project - A
1,550-kilometer railway system that will
connect key cities and provinces in Mindanao.
Clark International Airport Expansion
Project - A project that involves the
construction of a new passenger terminal
building and other facilities to increase the
airport's capacity.
North-South Commuter Railway Project - A
148-kilometer railway system that will connect
New Clark City to Calamba, Laguna,
improving connectivity in the southern part of
Luzon.
The completion of the Estrella-Pantaleon
Bridge Project has improved connectivity in
Metro Manila, easing traffic congestion and
reducing travel time for commuters. The
project is also expected to stimulate economic
activity in the area by providing better access
to markets and other services.
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT - a process which integrates
environmental considerations in the decision
making process higher than the project level.
 STAGES OF AN EIA
- formalized, systematic, and comprehensive
process of evaluating the environmental 1. Screening - Determine whether an
impacts EIA is needed at all
2. Scoping - Decide which impacts must
- involves the assessment of the potential be assessed
environmental impacts of a proposed policy, 3. Baseline study - Collecting data on
plan, or program. This assessment includes the current state of the area
evaluating the potential effects on air, water, 4. Impact prediction - considers the
soil, flora, fauna, and ecosystems. involves consequences
the assessment of the potential social impacts 5. Mitigation - Recommendations,
of a proposed policy, plan, or program. This Alternatives
assessment includes evaluating the potential 6. Monitoring/Assessment - progress
effects on communities, social structures, of the project
cultural heritage, and human health and well-
being.

Purpose of SEA: .
● identify impacts at a macro level
● allow rationale decisions to be made
● provide powerful tool to communicate
the implications

SEA PROCESS
● Screening - Decision to undertake
;Essential first stage

● Scoping - Identification and

clarification of Issues; Detailed
assessment and information

● Documentation - Environmental
report ; Effects on the environment

● Consultation - Taken into account

when finalizing the plan

● Decision Making - Approve or Reject

the project

● Monitoring - Undertaken in
accordance to the indicators
developed in the scoping stage;
Check success of the plan

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

- possible positive or negative impact that a
proposed project may have on the
environment. It provides information in order
to consider the environmental impact of a
project.

EIA is needed when planning to build an

airport, new roads, large housing projects,
dams, factories.

Alternative Energy - The term " alternative "

refers to a technology other than the
technology used in fossil fuels to produce
energy.