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SDS SK015 Chapter 5.2 Liquid-1
SDS SK015 Chapter 5.2 Liquid-1
SDS SK015 Chapter 5.2 Liquid-1
2 Liii quids
51<015
5
Chapter
States of Matter
by :
AMN KML
Chapter " States :
of
Matter
Egil Gas
¥5.2 thiquid
'
-3 Solid
" <
4 Phase Diagram
Volume shape
↑ ↑
Properties Diffusion
✓ of Liquid
Surface
Tension
1 Compressibility
Viscosity
Volume &
Shape
definite Volume but not definite shape
☐ =
'◦ me
=
f)
L
v same
shape different
10mL 10mL
why ?
Arrangement of particles closely packed but not
rigidly
:
✓
✓
strength up integrative forces :
strong but not
,
to hold them
strong enough
in
definite shape
Compressibility
[ Low (
measure up
compared
the
ability
to
gas )
of the substance
to be freed into smaller volume .
1 Liquid is harder to
compress
than gas because particles are
closely packed
imagine solid ?
Surface Tension
energy
molecules at surface ,
1mF attraction in
•
surface tighten like elastic
film
all direction
.
Diffusion
[
K
molecules break free and
( than
move into a new region .
gas )
slow
significant but
( liquid molecules can move rapidly but
f vis
coat
Resistance
↑, resistance to
flow
"
↑ ,
internal
rate of
friction
flow ↓
"
within liquid
µ
occurs due to
-
cohesive force
\ the
on
liquid surface
How ?
but not rigidly
Liquid molecules are closely packed
.
with another
◦
They move quite freely and collide one
• when heated ,
molecule ↑
✓ KE of liquid
✓ molecular motion ↑ IMAF
have enough KE to overcome attractive forces and
✓
liquid at surface
escape as
vapour
.
Factors : Rate
of Vaporisation
to
Area Intermolecular
Surface Temperature Attractive Forces
CIMAF )
( L
surface
area ↑ T T
L Imap ↑ ( less volatile )
/ chance to escape [ KE of molecules ↑ (
energy required to
/ from surface ↑ [ no ,
op
molecules .
( overcome IMAF ↑
/
have enough
rate opvaporisationt rate of vapoisalion ↓
KE to escape ↑
of vaponisalion T
rate
Condensation
• molecules
changing from gas to
liquid phase
How ?
collision
•
vapour molecules
lose KE
during
[ when T ↓
• movement become slower
•
they are
trapped by the liquid surface -
•
they become
liquid too .
¥1
D-
ii.
Pressure Point
Vapour &
Boiling
pressure exerted by vapour Temperature at which
in
equilibrium with its
liquid vapour pressure of liquid
in closed container
equals to the
atmospheric pressure
Boiling
• Precess in which
liquid become gas when heated to its boiling point .
at P
Occurs spesific T &
[ at
•
L the
atmospheric pressure } boiling point
\ 1 atm
} normal
boiling point .
Relationship
between
1mF ,
vapour Pressure & Boiling Point
Vapour pressure
to
ovarcomethemf
↑ (more volatile)
( ]
✓ vapour
m" ""
JY related
↓
to overcome the 1mF
_
( less volatile)
less energy required Pressure vapour pressure
(
to
0vME and
]
to reach
va#pe equivalent to
more
energy required to 0vmF and
(boiling )
atmosphere to reach
vapour pressure equivalent to
Boiling atmosphe.io#ueCboi=-y
boiling point ↓ ✓
Point
boiling point T
Try
-
This
_
!! ?
""
"
V4 ether ethanol ↓
calm] a
water
1mF
- - -
i
- -
↑ (more
He]
. -
; p
.
,
. .
v
.
I 1 ""
i i i ↓
I 1 bp .
:
I 1 :
I 1 I
i
temperature (E)
1
>
315
,
78 100
To reach
vapour pressure = to atm ,
ether has the lowest b.
p ( 35°C )
It has the weakest IMF . Hence ,
most volatile .