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Important
● Indispensable
● Significant
● Essential
● Requisite 必要的
● Crucial
● Imperative 逼切的
● Paramount 首要的
● Weighty 重大的
● Influential
● Prerequisite of
● It is of utmost importance ..
● It is of paramount significance ...

Not Important
● Unnecessary
● Insignificant
● Negligible
● Trivial 瑣碎的
● Frivolous 無聊瑣碎的
● Inconsequential 微不足道的

Problems/ difficulties
● Hurdles
● Seemingly insurmountable obstacles
● An uphill battle
● Plight 困境
● Afflicted by 困擾
● Plagued by 困擾
● Tortured by / Tormented by 被折磨
● Guilty/sadness/… shrouded 籠罩 my days

Continuously
● Day in and day out (day and night)
● Round the clock
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● Ceaselessly 不停地
● Off the reel 滔滔不絕地
● Relentlessly
● Unceasingly

Train
● Drill
● Hone your skills
● Polish your skills
● Sharpen your skills

Big
● Massive
● Tremendous
● Enormous
● Giant
● Immense
● Mammoth (大/多得好誇張）
○ E.g. there is a mammoth amount of work to be done
○ E.g. the government began a mammoth rescue operation

Remove
● Eliminate
● Abolish (v) ／abolition (n)
● Waive

Ease 減輕
● Mitigate
● Lighten
● Alleviate

Many
● Ample
● Substantial
● Sufficient amount of
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● Mammoth amount of (誇張）

Surprise (v/n) / surprised (adj) / surprising (adj)

● Flabbergast (v) / flabbergasted (adj) (very shocked by anything good or bad)
● Speechless (very shocked)
● Astonished (positive/neutral)
● Astounded (positive or negative)
● Amazed (positive)
● Stunned
● Jaw-dropped
● Confused
● Puzzled
● Bewildered
● Perplexed
● Baffled

Hong Kong
● The peninsula
● The Pearl of the Orient
● The international financial centre
● The coastal city

Young people
● People at a tender age
● Adolescents
● Teens / teenagers
● The younger generation
● The pillars of the future society
● Youngsters

Deliberately
● Purposefully
● On purpose
● Intentionally
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INTRODUCE NEW POINTS (linking words)

● First and foremost,
● In addition, Aside from this, / On top of this, /
● Not only ___, but also ___
● Another justification deserving our attention is that …
● With regards to ___ / With respect to
● …. is another factor worthy-to-note
● One of the reasons is the … which acts as a catalyst to them (+gerund)

GIVE EXAMPLES
● You can see ___, ___ and ___, to name but a few
● ___ can be exemplified by ___
● ___ is a case in point / ___ is well illustrated by ___ / ___ is a striking example to illustrate ___ (my
point of view)

COMPARE THE PAST

● In the past,xxx. In this day and age, xxx.
● Gone are the days when s.v.o. Nowadays...

ELABORATION LENGTHENING
● To put it another way,
● As a matter of fact,
● It is irrefutable / indisputable / beyond doubt that

INTRODUCE SOMETHING
● When it comes to ___,
● It is hardly surprisingly that ___
● As a matter of fact,
● It is also of vital / cardinal / utmost / paramount importance to know that …
● Another justification deserving our attention is that …
● In the light of ___ (this), / Taking ___ into account, / In view of ___ / Seen in this light, (formal)
● More often than not,
● Strictly speaking, / To put it briefly, / To put it precisely,
● On the contrary, / Conversely, / Contradictory, / Paradoxically,
● And most preposterous of all, (we are told that there is no way of ...)
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● The crux of the problems lies in

● … comprises ...

INTRODUCE BENEFITS OF SOMETHING

● … is conducive to … (+gerund)
● … is contributive / contributes to ...
● … is immensely beneficial / advantageous to …
● … is desirable (worth having)
● Upsides

Drawbacks
● Shortcomings
● Disadvantages/ downsides
● Cons
● Bane
● Trade-off
● Detrimental, harmful, adverse 有害的

INTRODUCE SOLUTIONS
● It is simply not worth jeopardising ___ over such an issue. There are way better alternatives: ___,
___, to name but a few.
● In light of these findings, we have the following suggestions and recommendations to help
solve the problem.
● One suggestion being put forward is ___
● It’s high time somebody did something (informal)
● The best course of action would be...
● I am in favour of…
● It seems/appears to me…
● It is my firm conviction that…
● As far as something/someone be concerned
● To my way of thinking/To my mind,...
● I am inclined to agree/think/believe

BUT / HOWEVER
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● Yet / whereas / while (whereas / while → use when doing comparison)

● On the contrary, / Conversely / Contrary to / Comparative speaking
● Contradictory, / Paradoxically,

A LOT OF (quantifying expressions)

● <benefits> a host of / a world of / a range of / an array of / a multitude of
● <people> a congregation of / a horde of
● <bad things> a spate of (car thefts)
● <sufficient, more than enough> a plenitude of / an abundance of (air / water)
● <money> an enormous amount of / a sizable amount of money
● A bombardment of / an influx of / a deluge of / an outburst of (complaints / questions /
criticisms / information)
● wide-ranging

VARIOUS
● Multitudinous (activities / kinds)
● Multifarious (activities / kinds)
● An array of (activities)
● A wide spectrum of (opinions)
● A range of

VERY
● Strikingly / Remarkably
● Stunningly
● Tremendously
● Vastly / Immensely
● Significantly
● Extremely / Supremely / Absolutely
● Acutely (agitated / embarrassing)
● Desperately (deficient / frustrated)
● Deeply (lamented / remorseful / entrenched)
● Conspicuously (successful / prominent / silent)

INCREASE
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● Skyrocketing
● Soaring
● Galloping
● Surging
● Mounting
● Cumulative

DECREASE
● Plummeting
● Diminishing (recent years have seen a diminishing popularity of …)
● Shrinking
● Fade away

BECAUSE
● It boils down to …
● Thanks to … (the fact that)
● Owing to …(the fact that)
● … inasmuch as …
● On account of … / On account to the fact that
● attribute something to something
● contribute to
● on account of (because of sth)
● the crux of (the most important part of a matter)
● call into question (to cause doubt about something)
● to trigger
● on the grounds that (for the reason that)
● put something into perspective
● Another way of viewing this
● In light of…
● It is evident that
● Another vital point to mention/ worth mentioning is…
● It all boils down to..
● Though it is true that

[RESULTS / IMPACTS]
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● produce the result of

● provoke an outcry (to cause a reaction or feeling)
● something spells disaster
● prompt speculation
● wreak havoc (cause a lot of problems or damage)
● be in dire straits (to be in an extremely difficult or serious situation)
● pose a threat to
● together/ along with
● As a result, / Thereby (+ing) / Thus (+ing) / Accordingly, / Correspondingly, / Consequently,

[Opening]
● Hong Kong is an intersection point of different cultures and styles, harmoniously merging
traditional architecture with modern design. It is a financial hub for foreign investors, a
cosmopolitan city notable for its international cuisines and a plethora of shopping brands. Yet
behind this glamorous and affluent facade, thousands and millions of people are …., and the
culprits behind such phenomenon are as follow.