Ration formulation for poultry

Course: LVM 221; Poultry Nutrition

Course teacher: Dr. Md Najmul Haque
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Livestock Science and Veterinary Medicine
BSMRSTU

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Feed formulation

 Ration formulation is the process of quantifying the amounts of feed

ingredients that need to be combined to form a single uniform mixture.
 Since feed accounts for 65-75% of total live production costs for most
types of poultry, a simple mistake in diet formulation can be extremely
expensive for a poultry producer.

Feed formulation requires thorough understanding of:

(a) nutrient requirements of the class of poultry (e.g., egg layers, meat
chickens or breeders);
(b) feed ingredients in terms of nutrient composition and constraints in terms
of nutrition and processing, and
(c) cost and availability of the ingredients.
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 Important points to be considered for ration
formulation:
1. Feed must contain all essential nutrients in right amount and
proportion.
2. Formulation must be made following respective feed standard.
3. Ingredient must be palatable.
4. Nutritional value of the selected ingredient must be evaluated
beforehand.
5. Grains and oil cake must be crushed into proper size.
6. Micro-nutrient should be carefully chosen and mixed properly.
7. Include agro-industrial byproduct to minimize the feed cost.
8. Must follow the optimum level of inclusion.
9. Fungal infested ingredient should be avoided.
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10. Care should be taken to maintain optimum C:P ratio

Methods of ration formulation

1. By using pearson’s square method or algebraic method.

2. Computerized feed formulation.

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 Formulation of ration by pearson’s square method

 It’s a useful tool for simplifying and balancing the ration.

 It is Used to determine the exact proportions of feed needed

to produce specific quantity of nutrients.

 i.e. It shows the proportion or percentages of two feed

ingredients to be mixed together in order to get the
percentage of needed feed.

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Information needed

 What are the two feeds for the ration with their CP%
 What is the desired % of CP of the ration

 So for our exercise

 We plan to formulate 500 kg of ration with 18% of CP
considering two ingredients such as corn and soybean meal
(SBM).

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 Steps for Pearson’s Square
1. Draw Pearson’s Square have the diagonal line across the square.
2. Write the % CP required by the birds in the middle of the square.
3. Write the feeds and crude protein percentages on the left corners and
percentage feeds on right corners.
4. Subtract the smaller number from the larger along the diagonal lines.
5. The number at the right hand corner are the parts of two selected feed
ingredients needed. Add the parts together.
6. The % of each feed needed in the ration can be found by dividing the
number of parts by the total parts and then multiplied by 100
7. The amount of each feed ingredients for a larger batch is determined by
multiplying the % of each total of the feed desired.

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Steps for Pearson’s Square

Corn
26.4
8.9 % CP parts
Corn

18

9.1 parts
44.4 % CP SBM

SBM

26.4+9.1 = 35.5 ;
26.4/35.5 = 0.744x100 = 74.4% x Y (Total amount of ration)
9.1/35.5 = 0.256x100 = 25.6% x Y (Total amount of ration)
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 Calculation of energy requirement for broiler breeder
Weight of the broiler breeder = 2.5 kg and Age = 25 weeks
NEm = 83x2.5^0.75 = 165 kcal/day.
MEm = 165/.82 = 201 kcal/day.
Energy req. for activity = 50% of MEm = 101 kcal/day.
MEm + activity = 201+101 =302 Kcal/day
Egg production is 85%
MEm egg = 86 Kcal x .85 = 73 Kcal/day
This pullet is still growing @ 500 gm over 10 weeks
i.e. daily weight gain = 7.14 g gain/day.
Energy requirement for gain: 18% protein & 15% fat are present
So (7.14x.18)*4 + (7.14x.15)*9 = 14.60 lets say = 15 Kcal/day.
Total ME required = MEm+ MEactivity+ MEegg+MEgain
= 201+101+73+15 = 390 Kcal/hen/day.
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Calculation of protein requirement for egg production

Weight of the broiler breeder = 2.5 kg and Age = 25 weeks
Maintenance requirement of WLH hen = 3 g/day.
Protein content of one egg = 6 g/day
Total requirement = 9 g/day.
efficiency of protein utilization for maintenance and egg production = 55%
Therefore total requirement = 9 / 55% = 16.36 g/day
If the hen eat 100 gm/day then the protein content of diet should be 16.4%
If the hen eat 120 gm/day then the protein content of diet should be 13.6%

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 Calculation of protein requirement for growing chicken
Efficiency of utilization of protein for growth = 61%
Maintenance requirement = 250 mg N/kg BW/day
=1600 mg mg protein/kg BW/day
Requirement for Tissue growth (tissue content 18% protein)
= daily gain in g x 0.18
Feather growth: feather contain 82% protein and feather comprise 7% body weight at 4
weeks of age.

Therefore daily protein requirement for growing chick

= [(BW in g x 1.6/1000) + (daily gain in g x 0.18) + (daily gain in g x 0.07 x
0.82) ] / efficiency of protein utilization

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